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Czyżewski W, Litak J, Sobstyl J, Mandat T, Torres K, Staśkiewicz G. Aquaporins: Gatekeepers of Fluid Dynamics in Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6553. [PMID: 38928258 PMCID: PMC11204105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), particularly AQP4, play a crucial role in regulating fluid dynamics in the brain, impacting the development and resolution of edema following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This review examines the alterations in AQP expression and localization post-injury, exploring their effects on brain edema and overall injury outcomes. We discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating AQP expression, highlighting potential therapeutic strategies to modulate AQP function. These insights provide a comprehensive understanding of AQPs in TBI and suggest novel approaches for improving clinical outcomes through targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Czyżewski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, ul. W.K. Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Litak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jan Sobstyl
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Mandat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, ul. W.K. Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Kamil Torres
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery with Microsurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Staśkiewicz
- Department of Human, Clinical and Radiological Anatomy, Medical University, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
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Fan L, Wu P, Li X, Tie L. Aquaporins in Cardiovascular System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:125-135. [PMID: 36717490 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that aquaporins (AQPs) are involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function and the development of related diseases, especially in cerebral ischemia, congestive heart failure, hypertension, and angiogenesis. Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism accounting for the association between AQPs and vascular function-related diseases, which may lead to novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of those diseases. Here we will discuss the expression and physiological roles of AQPs in vascular tissues and summarize recent progress in the research on AQPs related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lu Tie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Xiao M, Hou J, Xu M, Li S, Yang B. Aquaporins in Nervous System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:99-124. [PMID: 36717489 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) mediate water flux between the four distinct water compartments in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present chapter, we mainly focus on the expression and function of the nine AQPs expressed in the CNS, which include five members of aquaporin subfamily: AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, and AQP8; three members of aquaglyceroporin subfamily: AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9; and one member of superaquaporin subfamily: AQP11. In addition, AQP1, AQP2, and AQP4 expressed in the peripheral nervous system are also reviewed. AQP4, the predominant water channel in the CNS, is involved both in the astrocyte swelling of cytotoxic edema and the resolution of vasogenic edema and is of pivotal importance in the pathology of brain disorders such as neuromyelitis optica, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, AQP4 has been demonstrated as a functional regulator of recently discovered glymphatic system that is a main contributor to clearance of toxic macromolecule from the brain. Other AQPs are also involved in a variety of important physiological and pathological process in the brain. It has been suggested that AQPs could represent an important target in treatment of brain disorders like cerebral edema. Future investigations are necessary to elucidate the pathological significance of AQPs in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaoyu Hou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Basic Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Shao Li
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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The Water Transport System in Astrocytes–Aquaporins. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162564. [PMID: 36010640 PMCID: PMC9406552 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Highlights (AQPs) are transmembrane proteins responsible for fast water movement across cell membranes, including those of astrocytes. The expression and subcellular localization of AQPs in astrocytes are highly dynamic under physiological and pathological conditions. Besides their primary function in water homeostasis, AQPs participate in many ancillary functions including glutamate clearance in tripartite synapses and cell migration.
Abstract Astrocytes have distinctive morphological and functional characteristics, and are found throughout the central nervous system. Astrocytes are now known to be far more than just housekeeping cells in the brain. Their functions include contributing to the formation of the blood–brain barrier, physically and metabolically supporting and communicating with neurons, regulating the formation and functions of synapses, and maintaining water homeostasis and the microenvironment in the brain. Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane proteins responsible for fast water movement across cell membranes. Various subtypes of AQPs (AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, AQP8 and AQP9) have been reported to be expressed in astrocytes, and the expressions and subcellular localizations of AQPs in astrocytes are highly correlated with both their physiological and pathophysiological functions. This review describes and summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of astrocytes and AQPs in regard to controlling water homeostasis in the brain. Findings regarding the features of different AQP subtypes, such as their expression, subcellular localization, physiological functions, and the pathophysiological roles of astrocytes are presented, with brain edema and glioma serving as two representative AQP-associated pathological conditions. The aim is to provide a better insight into the elaborate “water distribution” system in cells, exemplified by astrocytes, under normal and pathological conditions.
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Guo S, Song Z, He J, Yin G, Zhu J, Liu H, Yang L, Ji X, Xu X, Liu Z, Liu J. Akt/Aquaporin-4 Signaling Aggravates Neuropathic Pain by Activating Astrocytes after Spinal Nerve Ligation in Rats. Neuroscience 2021; 482:116-131. [PMID: 34942314 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) play critical physiological roles in water balance in the central nervous system (CNS). Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the principal aquaporin expressed in the CNS, has been implicated in the processing of sensory and pain transmission. Akt signaling is also involved in pain mediation, such as neuroinflammatory pain and bone cancer pain. Previously, we found that expression of AQP4 and p-Akt was altered in the rat spinal cord after spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Here, we further investigated the effects of the AQP4 and Akt pathways in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) on the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain (NP). Spinal AQP4 was significantly upregulated after SNL and was primarily expressed in astrocytes in the SDH. Inhibition of AQP4 with TGN-020 attenuated the development and maintenance of NP by inhibiting glial activation and anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms. Moreover, inhibition of AQP4 suppressed astrocyte activation both in the SDH and in primary cultures. Similar to AQP4, we found that p-Akt was also significantly elevated after SNL. Inhibition of Akt with MK2206 suppressed AQP4 upregulation and astrocyte activation both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, Akt blockade with MK2206 alleviated NP in the early and late phases after SNL. These results elucidate the mechanisms involved in the roles of Akt/AQP4 signaling in the development and maintenance of NP. AQP4 is likely to be a novel therapeutic target for NP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwu Guo
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Zhiwen Song
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Junsheng He
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xubiao Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213003, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China.
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Tripp JA, Berrio A, McGraw LA, Matz MV, Davis JK, Inoue K, Thomas JW, Young LJ, Phelps SM. Comparative neurotranscriptomics reveal widespread species differences associated with bonding. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:399. [PMID: 34058981 PMCID: PMC8165761 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pair bonding with a reproductive partner is rare among mammals but is an important feature of human social behavior. Decades of research on monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), along with comparative studies using the related non-bonding meadow vole (M. pennsylvanicus), have revealed many of the neural and molecular mechanisms necessary for pair-bond formation in that species. However, these studies have largely focused on just a few neuromodulatory systems. To test the hypothesis that neural gene expression differences underlie differential capacities to bond, we performed RNA-sequencing on tissue from three brain regions important for bonding and other social behaviors across bond-forming prairie voles and non-bonding meadow voles. We examined gene expression in the amygdala, hypothalamus, and combined ventral pallidum/nucleus accumbens in virgins and at three time points after mating to understand species differences in gene expression at baseline, in response to mating, and during bond formation. Results We first identified species and brain region as the factors most strongly associated with gene expression in our samples. Next, we found gene categories related to cell structure, translation, and metabolism that differed in expression across species in virgins, as well as categories associated with cell structure, synaptic and neuroendocrine signaling, and transcription and translation that varied among the focal regions in our study. Additionally, we identified genes that were differentially expressed across species after mating in each of our regions of interest. These include genes involved in regulating transcription, neuron structure, and synaptic plasticity. Finally, we identified modules of co-regulated genes that were strongly correlated with brain region in both species, and modules that were correlated with post-mating time points in prairie voles but not meadow voles. Conclusions These results reinforce the importance of pre-mating differences that confer the ability to form pair bonds in prairie voles but not promiscuous species such as meadow voles. Gene ontology analysis supports the hypothesis that pair-bond formation involves transcriptional regulation, and changes in neuronal structure. Together, our results expand knowledge of the genes involved in the pair bonding process and open new avenues of research in the molecular mechanisms of bond formation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07720-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Tripp
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Alejandro Berrio
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Present Address: Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Lisa A McGraw
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Mikhail V Matz
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jamie K Davis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Kiyoshi Inoue
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - James W Thomas
- National Institutes of Health Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Larry J Young
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Steven M Phelps
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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de Almeida A, Parthimos D, Dew H, Smart O, Wiltshire M, Errington RJ. Aquaglyceroporin-3's Expression and Cellular Localization Is Differentially Modulated by Hypoxia in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040838. [PMID: 33917751 PMCID: PMC8068192 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are required by cells to enable fast adaptation to volume and osmotic changes, as well as microenvironmental metabolic stimuli. Aquaglyceroporins play a crucial role in supplying cancer cells with glycerol for metabolic needs. Here, we show that AQP3 is differentially expressed in cells of a prostate cancer panel. AQP3 is located at the cell membrane and cytoplasm of LNCaP cell while being exclusively expressed in the cytoplasm of Du145 and PC3 cells. LNCaP cells show enhanced hypoxia growth; Du145 and PC3 cells display stress factors, indicating a crucial role for AQP3 at the plasma membrane in adaptation to hypoxia. Hypoxia, both acute and chronic affected AQP3′s cellular localization. These outcomes were validated using a machine learning classification approach of the three cell lines and of the six normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Classifiers trained on morphological features derived from cytoskeletal and nuclear labeling alongside corresponding texture features could uniquely identify each individual cell line and the corresponding hypoxia exposure. Cytoskeletal features were 70–90% accurate, while nuclear features allowed for 55–70% accuracy. Cellular texture features (73.9% accuracy) were a stronger predictor of the hypoxic load than the AQP3 distribution (60.3%).
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Dasdelen D, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK. Aquaporins and Roles in Brain Health and Brain Injury. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:498-512. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191018142007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the literature screening, aquaporins were found in the cerebral structures including the pia mater, choroid plexus, ependyma, piriform cortex, hippocampus, dorsal thalamus, supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei, white matter and subcortical organ. Among these, the most common are AQP1, AQP4, and AQP9. The roles of aquaporins have been demonstrated in several diseases such as cerebral edema, various central nervous system tumors, Alzheimer’s Disease and epilepsy. In this review, the relationship between brain/brain-injury and aquaporin, has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dervis Dasdelen
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Shchepareva ME, Zakharova MN. Functional Role of Aquaporins in the Nervous System under Normal and Pathological Conditions. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Duan PY, Ma Y, Li XN, Qu FZ, Ji L, Guo XY, Zhang WJ, Xiao F, Li L, Hu JS, Sun B, Wang G. Inhibition of RIPK1-dependent regulated acinar cell necrosis provides protection against acute pancreatitis via the RIPK1/NF-κB/AQP8 pathway. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-17. [PMID: 31375658 PMCID: PMC6802613 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, preliminary results have confirmed the existence of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL)-dependent necroptosis of pancreatic acinar cells during early acute pancreatitis (AP), which might be a potential target for the effective regulation of necroinflammatory injury. However, the exact effect of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)-dependent regulated acinar cell necrosis on AP is still uncertain. In our study, we first explored the changes in the degree of local and systemic inflammation in AP rats when the activation of acinar cell RIPK1 was inhibited. The RIPK1 inhibitor Nec-1 was used to treat rats, and the levels of related inflammatory markers, necrosis indicators and apoptotic indicators were measured. Changes in pancreatic nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and aquaporin 8 (AQP8) expression were noted. Next, the expression of AQP8 in AR42J cells was inhibited, and the degree of cell necrosis and inflammatory damage was found to be significantly reduced. Most importantly, we demonstrated that the RIPK1/NF-ĸB/AQP8 axis might be a potential regulatory pathway mediating RIPK1-dependent regulated acinar cell necrosis in early AP. Finally, we used the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC and Nec-1 to treat rats in different groups and measured the degree of pathological pancreatic injury, the activation of RIPK1, and the expression of NF-κB and AQP8. In summary, we hypothesized that there might be a RIPK1/NF-ĸB/AQP8 pathway controlling RIPK1-dependent regulated necrosis of acinar cells in AP, which might be a promising therapeutic target against AP-related injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yu Duan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Medical Administration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xi-Na Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Feng-Zhi Qu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Liang Ji
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Guo
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wang-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ji-Sheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Mohamed SK, Ahmed AAE, Elmorsy EM, Nofal S. ERK activation by zeranol has neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Life Sci 2019; 227:137-144. [PMID: 31005550 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Incidence of stroke increases in postmenopausal women with dangerous consequences. In this study we used zeranol to protect ovariectomized (OVX) rats against cerebral I/R damage and our target is to identify the mechanism of its protection, in addition to investigating whether this mechanism inhibits inflammation (by preventing glial cell activation) and apoptosis. MAIN METHODS First 18 ovariectomized rats were allocated into 3 groups: I/R group, zeranol+ I/R group and U0126, MEK1/2 inhibitor + zeranol+ I/R group. After 24 h reperfusion, protein expression of total extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (t-ERK1/2), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK1/2), Bcl-2, and Bax were quantified. Second 36 female rats were allocated into 3 groups: sham group, I/R group (after ovariectomy by 7 weeks, rats exposed to cerebral I/R) and zeranol group (after ovariectomy by 2 weeks, rats received zeranol for 5 weeks). After 24 h of reperfusion, the following parameters were measured; total nitrate/nitrite, interleukin-10, myeloperoxidase, caspase-3, and finally immunohistochemistry analysis of glial fibrillary acidic protein, cyclooxygenase-2 in cortex and hippocampus (CA1) regions were performed. KEY FINDINGS U-0126 administration reversed the neuroprotective effect induced by zeranol through decreasing ratio of p-ERK1/2:ERK1/2 and Bcl-2/Bax in brain tissue. Activation of ERK signaling pathway by zeranol caused reduction in brain apoptosis and inflammation. SIGNIFICANCE Zeranol showed protective effect in OVX rats that were exposed to cerebral I/R by activation of ERK signaling pathway which was blocked by U0126. This protective effect in turns led to decrease inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa K Mohamed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amany A E Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy M Elmorsy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shahira Nofal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Nordzieke DE, Medraño-Fernandez I. The Plasma Membrane: A Platform for Intra- and Intercellular Redox Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7110168. [PMID: 30463362 PMCID: PMC6262572 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Membranes are of outmost importance to allow for specific signal transduction due to their ability to localize, amplify, and direct signals. However, due to the double-edged nature of reactive oxygen species (ROS)—toxic at high concentrations but essential signal molecules—subcellular localization of ROS-producing systems to the plasma membrane has been traditionally regarded as a protective strategy to defend cells from unwanted side-effects. Nevertheless, specialized regions, such as lipid rafts and caveolae, house and regulate the activated/inhibited states of important ROS-producing systems and concentrate redox targets, demonstrating that plasma membrane functions may go beyond acting as a securing lipid barrier. This is nicely evinced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidases (NOX), enzymes whose primary function is to generate ROS and which have been shown to reside in specific lipid compartments. In addition, membrane-inserted bidirectional H2O2-transporters modulate their conductance precisely during the passage of the molecules through the lipid bilayer, ensuring time-scaled delivery of the signal. This review aims to summarize current evidence supporting the role of the plasma membrane as an organizing center that serves as a platform for redox signal transmission, particularly NOX-driven, providing specificity at the same time that limits undesirable oxidative damage in case of malfunction. As an example of malfunction, we explore several pathological situations in which an inflammatory component is present, such as inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative disorders, to illustrate how dysregulation of plasma-membrane-localized redox signaling impacts normal cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela E Nordzieke
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Georg August University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Iria Medraño-Fernandez
- Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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Kunisawa K, Shimizu T, Kushima I, Aleksic B, Mori D, Osanai Y, Kobayashi K, Taylor AM, Bhat MA, Hayashi A, Baba H, Ozaki N, Ikenaka K. Dysregulation of schizophrenia-related aquaporin 3 through disruption of paranode influences neuronal viability. J Neurochem 2018; 147:395-408. [PMID: 30025158 PMCID: PMC6205917 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myelinated axons segregate the axonal membrane into four defined regions: the node of Ranvier, paranode, juxtaparanode, and internode. The paranodal junction consists of specific component proteins, such as neurofascin155 (NF155) on the glial side, and Caspr and Contactin on the axonal side. Although paranodal junctions are thought to play crucial roles in rapid saltatory conduction and nodal assembly, the role of their interaction with neurons is not fully understood. In a previous study, conditional NF155 knockout in oligodendrocytes led to disorganization of the paranodal junctions. To examine if disruption of paranodal junctions affects neuronal gene expression, we prepared total RNA from the retina of NF155 conditional knockout, and performed expression analysis. We found that the expression level of 433 genes changed in response to paranodal junction ablation. Interestingly, expression of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) was significantly reduced in NF155 conditional knockout mice, but not in cerebroside sulfotransferase knockout (CST-KO) mice, whose paranodes are not originally formed during development. Copy number variations have an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). We observed rare duplications of AQP3 in SCZ patients, suggesting a correlation between abnormal AQP3 expression and SCZ. To determine if AQP3 over-expression in NF155 conditional knockout mice influences neuronal function, we performed adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated over-expression of AQP3 in the motor cortex of mice and found a significant increase in caspase 3-dependent neuronal apoptosis in AQP3-transduced cells. This study may provide new insights into therapeutic approaches for SCZ by regulating AQP3 expression, which is associated with paranodal disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Kunisawa
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Osanai
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Anna M. Taylor
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229-3900, USA
| | - Manzoor A. Bhat
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229-3900, USA
| | - Akiko Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroko Baba
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikenaka
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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14
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Investigate of AQP gene expression in the liver of mice after ischemia–reperfusion. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1769-1774. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Takeuchi K, Hayashi S, Matumoto T, Hashimoto S, Takayama K, Chinzei N, Kihara S, Haneda M, Kirizuki S, Kuroda Y, Tsubosaka M, Nishida K, Kuroda R. Downregulation of aquaporin 9 decreases catabolic factor expression through nuclear factor‑κB signaling in chondrocytes. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1548-1558. [PMID: 29901079 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are small integral membrane proteins that are essential for water transport across membranes. AQP9, one of the 13 mammalian AQPs (including AQP0 to 12), has been reported to be highly expressed in hydrarthrosis and synovitis patients. Given that several studies have identified signal transduction as an additional function of AQPs, it is hypothesized that AQP9 may modulate inflammatory signal transduction in chondrocytes. Therefore, the present study used a model of interleukin (IL)‑1β‑induced inflammation to determine the mechanisms associated with AQP9 functions in chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis (OA) and normal cartilage samples were subjected to immunohistological analysis. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3, MMP13 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS‑5) mRNA and protein analysis was conducted in normal human articular chondrocytes from the knee (NHAC‑Kn) stimulated with IL‑1β by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and western blotting, respectively. AQP9 knockdown was also performed by transfection of AQP9‑specific small interfering RNA using Lipofectamine. AQP1, 3, 7, 9 and 11 mRNA expression levels were detected in OA human chondrocytes and in IL‑1β‑treated normal human chondrocytes. The levels of AQP9, MMP‑3, MMP‑13 and ADAMTS‑5 mRNA were increased by treatment with 10 ng/ml IL‑1β in a time‑dependent manner, while knockdown of AQP9 expression significantly decreased the mRNA levels of the MMP3, MMP13 and ADAMTS‑5 genes, as well as the phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK). Treatment with a specific IKK inhibitor also significantly decreased the expression levels of MMP‑3, MMP‑13 and ADAMTS‑5 in response to IL‑1β stimulation. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that AQP9 and inflammatory markers were highly expressed in OA cartilage. In addition, the downregulation of AQP9 in cultured chondrocytes decreased the catabolic gene expression in response to IL‑1β stimulation through nuclear factor‑κB signaling. Therefore, AQP9 may be a promising target for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Shingo Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Koji Takayama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Chinzei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kihara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Masahiko Haneda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kirizuki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kuroda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Masanori Tsubosaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‑0017, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‑0017, Japan
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16
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Avola R, Graziano ACE, Pannuzzo G, Albouchi F, Cardile V. New insights on Parkinson's disease from differentiation of SH-SY5Y into dopaminergic neurons: An involvement of aquaporin4 and 9. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 88:212-221. [PMID: 29428877 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to explore the behavior of aquaporins (AQPs) in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease that is a recurrent neurodegenerative disorder caused by the gradual, progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Because of postmortem studies have provided evidences for oxidative damage and alteration of water flow and energy metabolism, we carried out an investigation about AQP4 and 9, demonstrated in the brain to maintain water and energy homeostasis. As an appropriate in vitro cell model, we used SH-SY5Y cultures and induced their differentiation into a mature dopaminergic neuron phenotype with retinoic acid (RA) alone or in association with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (MPA). The association RA plus MPA provided the most complete and mature neuron phenotype, as demonstrated by high levels of β-Tubulin III, MAP-2, and tyrosine hydroxylase. After validation of cell differentiation, the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and H2O2 were applied to reproduce a Parkinson's-like stress. The results confirmed RA/MPA differentiated SH-SY5Y as a useful in vitro system for studying neurotoxicity and for using in a MPTP and H2O2-induced Parkinson's disease cell model. Moreover, the data demonstrated that neuronal differentiation, neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress are strongly correlated with dynamic changes of AQP4 and 9 transcription and transduction. New in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to confirm these innovative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Adriana Carol Eleonora Graziano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Pannuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ferdaous Albouchi
- Laboratoire Materiaux Molecules et Applications, Institut Preparatoire au Etude Scientifique et Technique, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, La Marsa, 2070 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95123 Catania, Italy.
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17
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Wang C, Yan M, Jiang H, Wang Q, He S, Chen J, Wang C. Mechanism of aquaporin 4 (AQP 4) up-regulation in rat cerebral edema under hypobaric hypoxia and the preventative effect of puerarin. Life Sci 2017; 193:270-281. [PMID: 29054452 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aim to investigate the mechanism of aquaporin 4 (AQP 4) up-regulation during high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) in rats under hypobaric hypoxia and preventative effect of puerarin. METHODS Rats were exposed to a hypobaric chamber with or without the preventative treatment of puerarin or dexamethasone. Morriz water maze was used to evaluate the spatial memory injury. HE staining and W/D ratio were used to evaluate edema injury. Rat astrocytes and microglia were co-cultured under the condition of hypoxia with the administration of p38 inhibitor, NF-κB inhibitor or puerarin. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) of cortex and culture supernatant were measured with ELISA. AQP4, phosphorylation of MAPKs, NF-κB pathway of cortex and astrocytes were measured by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS Weakened spatial memory and cerebral edema were observed after hypobaric hypoxia exposure. AQP4, phosphorylation of NF-κB and MAPK signal pathway of cortex increased after hypoxia exposure and decreased with preventative treatment of puerarin. Hypoxia increased TNF-α and IL-6 levels in cortex and microglia and puerarin could prevent the increase of them. AQP4 of astrocytes increased after co-cultured with microglia when both were exposed to hypoxia. AQP4 showed a decrease after administered with p38 inhibitor, NF-κB inhibitor or puerarin. SIGNIFICANCE Hypoxia triggers inflammatory response, during which AQP4 of astrocytes can be up regulated through the release of TNF-α and IL-6 from microglia. Puerarin can exert a preventative effect on the increase of AQP4 through inhibiting the release of TNF-α and phosphorylation of NF-κB, MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China
| | - Muyang Yan
- Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Outpatient Department of Chinese People's Liberation Army Aviation School, 101023 Beijing, China
| | - Shang He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China
| | - Chengbin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China.
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18
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Decker D, Collier L, Lau T, Olivera R, Roma G, Leonardo C, Seifert H, Rowe D, Pennypacker KR. The Effects of Clinically Relevant Hypertonic Saline and Conivaptan Administration on Ischemic Stroke. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2017; 121:243-50. [PMID: 26463956 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18497-5_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral edema after stroke is associated with poor neurological outcomes. Current therapies are limited to osmotic agents, such as hypertonic saline (HS), which reduce intracranial pressure. Although studies have demonstrated edema reductions following HS, tissue survival has not been thoroughly examined. Additionally, the efficacy of promising pharmacological agents has not been evaluated for synergy with osmotic agents. Conivaptan is an FDA-approved vasopressin receptor antagonist that may exert both osmotic and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion prior to treatment with 5 % HS bolus +5 % HS maintenance (HS), conivaptan alone (Con), conivaptan +5 % HS maintenance (Con + HS), or conivaptan +5 % HS bolus +5 % maintenance (Con + HSb). Treatments were initiated at six (Early) or 24 h (Late) following stroke and rats were euthanized at 48 h to evaluate infarct volume, brain edema, and microglia/macrophage activation. Infarct volume and brain edema in the Early HS, Early Con, and Late HS groups were significantly reduced compared with controls. Interestingly, only the Early Con group demonstrated reduced microglia/macrophage activation. These data suggest an anti-inflammatory mechanism for conivaptan and provide support for a multipronged approach combining osmotic agents with compounds that inhibit the neuroinflammatory response to stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Decker
- Department of Neurology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Lisa Collier
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Tsz Lau
- Department of Neurology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Raul Olivera
- Department of Neurology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Glenn Roma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Christopher Leonardo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Hilary Seifert
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Derrick Rowe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Keith R Pennypacker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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19
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Salman MM, Sheilabi MA, Bhattacharyya D, Kitchen P, Conner AC, Bill RM, Woodroofe MN, Conner MT, Princivalle AP. Transcriptome analysis suggests a role for the differential expression of cerebral aquaporins and the MAPK signalling pathway in human temporal lobe epilepsy. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2121-2132. [PMID: 28715131 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsies are common disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), affecting up to 2% of the global population. Pharmaco-resistance is a major clinical challenge affecting about 30% of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. Water homeostasis has been shown crucial for regulation of neuronal excitability. The control of water movement is achieved through a family of small integral membrane channel proteins called aquaporins (AQPs). Despite the fact that changes in water homeostasis occur in sclerotic hippocampi of people with TLE, the expression of AQPs in the epileptic brain is not fully characterised. This study uses microarray and ELISA methods to analyse the mRNA and protein expression of the human cerebral AQPs in sclerotic hippocampi (TLE-HS) and adjacent neocortex tissue (TLE-NC) of TLE patients. The expression of AQP1 and AQP4 transcripts was significantly increased, while that of the AQP9 transcript was significantly reduced in TLE-HS compared to TLE-NC. AQP4 protein expression was also increased while expression of AQP1 protein remained unchanged, and AQP9 was undetected. Microarray data analysis identified 3333 differentially regulated genes and suggested the involvement of the MAPK signalling pathway in TLE pathogenesis. Proteome array data validated the translational profile for 26 genes and within the MAPK pathway (e.g. p38, JNK) that were identified as differentially expressed from microarray analysis. ELISA data showed that p38 and JNK inhibitors decrease AQP4 protein levels in cultured human primary cortical astrocytes. Elucidating the mechanism of selective regulation of different AQPs and associated regulatory proteins may provide a new therapeutic approach to epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mootaz M Salman
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre (BMRC), Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Mariam A Sheilabi
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre (BMRC), Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | | | - Philip Kitchen
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alex C Conner
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roslyn M Bill
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Nicola Woodroofe
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre (BMRC), Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Matthew T Conner
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre (BMRC), Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.,Research Institute of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Alessandra P Princivalle
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre (BMRC), Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
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20
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Hubbard JA, Szu JI, Binder DK. The role of aquaporin-4 in synaptic plasticity, memory and disease. Brain Res Bull 2017; 136:118-129. [PMID: 28274814 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of aquaporins, it has become clear that the various mammalian aquaporins play critical physiological roles in water and ion balance in multiple tissues. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the principal aquaporin expressed in the central nervous system (CNS, brain and spinal cord), has been shown to mediate CNS water homeostasis. In this review, we summarize new and exciting studies indicating that AQP4 also plays critical and unanticipated roles in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Next, we consider the role of AQP4 in Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and stroke. Each of these conditions involves changes in AQP4 expression and/or distribution that may be functionally relevant to disease physiology. Insofar as AQP4 is exclusively expressed on astrocytes, these data provide new evidence of "astrocytopathy" in the etiology of diverse neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Hubbard
- Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, United States
| | - Jenny I Szu
- Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, United States
| | - Devin K Binder
- Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, United States.
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21
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Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs ) mediate water flux between the four distinct water compartments in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present chapter, we mainly focus on the expression and function of the 9 AQPs expressed in the CNS, which include five members of aquaporin subfamily: AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, and AQP8; three members of aquaglyceroporin subfamily: AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9; and one member of superaquaporin subfamily: AQP11. In addition, AQP1, AQP2 and AQP4 expressed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are also reviewed. AQP4, the predominant water channel in the CNS, is involved both in the astrocyte swelling of cytotoxic edema and the resolution of vasogenic edema, and is of pivotal importance in the pathology of brain disorders such as neuromyelitis optica , brain tumors and Alzheimer's disease. Other AQPs are also involved in a variety of important physiological and pathological process in the brain. It has been suggested that AQPs could represent an important target in treatment of brain disorders like cerebral edema. Future investigations are necessary to elucidate the pathological significance of AQPs in the CNS.
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22
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Tie L, Wang D, Shi Y, Li X. Aquaporins in Cardiovascular System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 969:105-113. [PMID: 28258568 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1057-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that some aquaporins (AQPs ), including AQP1, AQP4, AQP7 and AQP9, are expressed in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and heart of cardiovascular system. These AQPs are involved in the cardiovascular function and in pathological process of related diseases, such as cerebral ischemia , congestion heart failure , hypertension and angiogenesis. Therefore, it is important to understand the accurate association between AQPs and cardiovascular system, which may provide novel approaches to prevent and treat related diseases. Here we will discuss the expression and physiological function of AQPs in cardiovascular system and summarize recent researches on AQPs related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yundi Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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23
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Filippidis AS, Carozza RB, Rekate HL. Aquaporins in Brain Edema and Neuropathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010055. [PMID: 28036023 PMCID: PMC5297690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aquaporin (AQP) family of water channels are a group of small, membrane-spanning proteins that are vital for the rapid transport of water across the plasma membrane. These proteins are widely expressed, from tissues such as the renal epithelium and erythrocytes to the various cells of the central nervous system. This review will elucidate the basic structure and distribution of aquaporins and discuss the role of aquaporins in various neuropathologies. AQP1 and AQP4, the two primary aquaporin molecules of the central nervous system, regulate brain water and CSF movement and contribute to cytotoxic and vasogenic edema, where they control the size of the intracellular and extracellular fluid volumes, respectively. AQP4 expression is vital to the cellular migration and angiogenesis at the heart of tumor growth; AQP4 is central to dysfunctions in glutamate metabolism, synaptogenesis, and memory consolidation; and AQP1 and AQP4 adaptations have been seen in obstructive and non-obstructive hydrocephalus and may be therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis S Filippidis
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical School, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | | - Harold L Rekate
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Chiari Institute, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA.
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24
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Wang C, Yan M, Jiang H, Wang Q, Guan X, Chen J, Wang C. Protective effects of puerarin on acute lung and cerebrum injury induced by hypobaric hypoxia via the regulation of aquaporin (AQP) via NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:300-309. [PMID: 27643664 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypobaric hypoxia, frequently encountered at high altitude, may lead to lung and cerebrum injury. Our study aimed to investigate whether puerarin could exert ameliorative effects on rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia via regulation of aquaporin (AQP) and NF-κB signaling pathway in lung and cerebrum. MATERIALS AND METHODS 40 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups (normal control group, hypobaric hypoxia group, puerarin group and dexamethasone group). Wet/dry ratio, blood gas, pathological changes of lung and cerebrum and spatial memory were observed in each group. Inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined with ELISA and expression of AQP1, AQP4, NF-κB signaling pathway in lung and cerebrum with western blot RESULTS: Puerarin showed significant preventative effects on tissue injury and behavioral changes, as evidenced by histopathological findings and Morris water maze. In addition, levels of inflammatory cytokines in BALF decreased in the two preventative groups compared with those of hypobaric hypoxia group. AQP in lung and cerebrum increased under the condition of hypobaric hypoxia while was down regulated in both two preventative groups. NF-κB and IκB was also inhibited by puerarin. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that lung and cerebrum injury, increased inflammatory cytokines in BALF and increased AQP1, AQP4 and NF-κB signaling pathway occurred under the condition of hypobaric hypoxia. Moreover, puerarin could prevent lung and cerebrum injury of rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia via down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines, AQP1 and AQP4 expression and NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Muyang Yan
- Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Outpatient Department of Chinese People's Liberation Army Aviation School, 101023 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Guan
- Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Ferreira EDO, Fernandes MYSD, Lima NMRD, Neves KRT, Carmo MRSD, Lima FAV, Fonteles AA, Menezes APF, Andrade GMD. Neuroinflammatory response to experimental stroke is inhibited by eriodictyol. Behav Brain Res 2016; 312:321-32. [PMID: 27353856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia is a common disease and one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide. The lack of glucose and oxygen in neuronal tissue leads to a series of inflammatory events, culminating in neuronal death. Eriodictyol is a flavonoid isolated from the Chinese herb Dracocephalum rupestre that has been proven to have anti-inflammatory properties. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Thus, the present study was designed to explore whether eriodictyol has neuroprotective effects against the neuronal damage, motor and memory deficits induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) in mice. STUDY DESIGN Animals were orally treated with eriodictyol (1, 2 and 4mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) 30min before pMCAO, 2h after, and then once daily for the following five days. METHODS The parameters studied were neuronal viability, brain infarcted area; sensorimotor deficits; exploratory activity; working and aversive memory; myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity; TNFα, iNOS and GFAP immunoreactivity. RESULTS The treatment with eriodictyol prevented neuronal death, reduced infarct area and improved neurological and memory deficits induced by brain ischemia. The increase of MPO activity and TNF-α, iNOS and GFAP expression were also reduced by eriodictyol treatment. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that eriodictyol exhibit promising neuroprotection effects against the permanent focal ischemia cerebral injury in the mice experimental model and the underlying mechanisms might be mediated through inhibition of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson de Oliveira Ferreira
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Mara Yone Soares Dias Fernandes
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Neila Maria Rocha de Lima
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Rose Tavares Neves
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Marta Regina Santos do Carmo
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Arnaldo Viana Lima
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Analu Aragão Fonteles
- Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Fontenele Menezes
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Geanne Matos de Andrade
- Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil; Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil; Institute of Biomedicine of Brazilian Semi-arid, Brazil.
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Jia SW, Liu XY, Wang SC, Wang YF. Vasopressin Hypersecretion-Associated Brain Edema Formation in Ischemic Stroke: Underlying Mechanisms. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25:1289-300. [PMID: 27068863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain edema formation is a major cause of brain damages and the high mortality of ischemic stroke. The aim of this review is to explore the relationship between ischemic brain edema formation and vasopressin (VP) hypersecretion in addition to the oxygen and glucose deprivation and the ensuing reperfusion injury. METHODS Pertinent studies involving ischemic stroke, brain edema formation, astrocytes, and VP were identified by a search of the PubMed and the Web of Science databases in January 2016. Based on clinical findings and reports of animal experiments using ischemic stroke models, this systematic review reanalyzes the implication of individual reports in the edema formation and then establishes the inherent links among them. RESULTS This systematic review reveals that cytotoxic edema and vasogenic brain edema in classical view are mainly under the influence of a continuous malfunction of astrocytic plasticity. Adaptive VP secretion can modulate membrane ion transport, water permeability, and blood-brain barrier integrity, which are largely via changing astrocytic plasticity. Maladaptive VP hypersecretion leads to disruptions of ion and water balance across cell membranes as well as the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. This review highlights our current understandings of the cellular mechanisms underlying ischemic brain edema formation and its association with VP hypersecretion. CONCLUSIONS VP hypersecretion promotes brain edema formation in ischemic stroke by disrupting hydromineral balance in the neurovascular unit; suppressing VP hypersecretion has the potential to alleviate ischemic brain edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Jia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Stephani C Wang
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Highly selective non-opioid kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist salvinorin A protects against forebrain ischemia-induced brain injury in rats. Brain Res 2016; 1637:168-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stokum JA, Mehta RI, Ivanova S, Yu E, Gerzanich V, Simard JM. Heterogeneity of aquaporin-4 localization and expression after focal cerebral ischemia underlies differences in white versus grey matter swelling. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015; 3:61. [PMID: 26419740 PMCID: PMC4588314 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-015-0239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic stroke, a major cause of mortality, is frequently accompanied by life-threatening cerebral edema. Aquaporin-4 (Aqp4), an astrocytic transmembrane water channel, is an important molecular contributor to cerebral edema formation. Past studies of Aqp4 expression and localization after ischemia examined grey matter exclusively. However, as white matter astrocytes differ developmentally, physiologically, and molecularly from grey matter astrocytes, we hypothesized that functionally important regional heterogeneity exists in Aqp4 expression and subcellular localization following cerebral ischemia. RESULTS Subcellular localization of Aqp4 was compared between cortical and white matter astrocytes in postmortem specimens of patients with focal ischemic stroke versus controls. Subcellular localization and expression of Aqp4 was examined in rats subjected to experimental stroke. Volumetric analysis was performed on the cortex and white matter of rats subjected to experimental stroke. Following cerebral ischemia, cortical astrocytes exhibited reduced perivascular Aqp4 and unchanged Aqp4 protein abundance. In contrast, white matter astrocytes exhibited increased perivascular and plasmalemmal Aqp4 and a 2.2- to 6.2-fold increase in Aqp4 isoform abundance. Ischemic white matter swelled by approximately 40 %, while cortex swelled by approximately 9 %. CONCLUSIONS The findings reported here raise the possibility that cerebral white matter may play a heretofore underappreciated role in the formation of cerebral edema following ischemia.
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de Souza Mecawi A, Ruginsk SG, Elias LLK, Varanda WA, Antunes‐Rodrigues J. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Hydromineral Homeostasis. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:1465-516. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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30
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Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK mediates aquaporin 9 expression in rat brains during permanent focal cerebral ischaemia. J Mol Histol 2015; 46:273-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-015-9618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Xu J, Qiu GP, Huang J, Zhang B, Sun SQ, Gan SW, Lu WT, Wang KJ, Huang SQ, Zhu SJ. Internalization of aquaporin-4 after collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:554-61. [PMID: 25257965 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain edema formation following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) appears to be related with aquaporin-4 (AQP4), which is critically involved in brain volume homeostasis and water balance. Despite its importance, the regulation of AQP4 expression involved in transmembrane water movements still remains rudimentary. Many studies suggest that the internalization of several membrane-bound proteins, including AQP4, may occur with or without lysosomal degradation. Previously, we investigated the internalization of AQP4 in retinal ischemic-reperfusion model. Here, we test the hypothesis that AQP4 is internalized post-ICH and then degraded in the lysosome. The results demonstrated that both AQP4 and the mannose-6-phosphate receptor (MPR) co-localized in perihematomal region at 6 hr post-ICH. In addition, AQP4 and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) also co-localized in perihematomal region, with co-expression increasing followed by a gradual decrease at different time windows post-ICH (6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr). After ICH, the Evans blue leakage happened very early at 1 hr and the brain swelling occurred at 3 hr. Moreover, we also found the AQP4 mRNA and AQP4 protein were increased post-ICH. These results suggest that AQP4 is internalized and the lysosome is involved in degrading the internalized AQP4 post-ICH. Both the AQP4 internalization and lysosomal degradation may provide biophysical insights regarding the potential of new treatments for brain edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
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32
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Assentoft M, Larsen BR, MacAulay N. Regulation and Function of AQP4 in the Central Nervous System. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:2615-27. [PMID: 25630715 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the predominant water channel in the mammalian brain and is mainly expressed in the perivascular glial endfeet at the brain-blood interface. Based on studies on AQP4(-/-) mice, AQP4 has been assigned physiological roles in stimulus-induced K(+) clearance, paravascular fluid flow, and brain edema formation. Conflicting data have been presented on the role of AQP4 in K(+) clearance and associated extracellular space shrinkage and on the stroke-induced alterations of AQP4 expression levels during edema formation, raising questions about the functional importance of AQP4 in these (patho)physiological aspects. Phosphorylation-dependent gating of AQP4 has been proposed as a regulatory mechanism for AQP4-mediated osmotic water transport. This paradigm was, however, recently challenged by experimental evidence and molecular dynamics simulations. Regulatory patterns and physiological roles for AQP4 thus remain to be fully explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Assentoft
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Bldg. 12.6, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian Roland Larsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Bldg. 12.6, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Bldg. 12.6, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Badaut J, Fukuda AM, Jullienne A, Petry KG. Aquaporin and brain diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1840:1554-65. [PMID: 24513456 PMCID: PMC3960327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of water channel proteins, aquaporins (AQPs), in the brain led to intense research in understanding the underlying roles of each of them under normal conditions and pathological conditions. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize some of the recent knowledge on the 3 main AQPs (AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9), with a special focus on AQP4, the most abundant AQP in the central nervous system. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS AQP4 was most studied in several brain pathological conditions ranging from acute brain injuries (stroke, traumatic brain injury) to the chronic brain disease with autoimmune neurodegenerative diseases. To date, no specific therapeutic agents have been developed to either inhibit or enhance water flux through these channels. However, experimental results strongly underline the importance of this topic for future investigation. Early inhibition of water channels may have positive effects in prevention of edema formation in brain injuries but at later time points during the course of a disease, AQP is critical for clearance of water from the brain into blood vessels. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Thus, AQPs, and in particular AQP4, have important roles both in the formation and resolution of edema after brain injury. The dual, complex function of these water channel proteins makes them an excellent therapeutic target. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Aquaporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Badaut
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Univ Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287, 146 rue Leo Saignat33076 Bordeaux cedex.
| | - Andrew M Fukuda
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Amandine Jullienne
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Klaus G Petry
- INSERM U1049 Neuroinflammation, Imagerie et Thérapie de la Sclérose en Plaques, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
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Guo W, Feng G, Miao Y, Liu G, Xu C. Rapamycin alleviates brain edema after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2014; 36:211-23. [PMID: 24773551 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2014.913616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain edema is a major consequence of cerebral ischemia reperfusion. However, few effective therapeutic options are available for retarding the brain edema progression after cerebral ischemia. Recently, rapamycin has been shown to produce neuroprotective effects in rats after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Whether rapamycin could alleviate this brain edema injury is still unclear. In this study, the rat stroke model was induced by a 1-h left transient middle cerebral artery occlusion using an intraluminal filament, followed by 48 h of reperfusion. The effects of rapamycin (250 μg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal; i.p.) on brain edema progression were evaluated. The results showed that rapamycin treatment significantly reduced the infarct volume, the water content of the brain tissue and the Evans blue extravasation through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Rapamycin treatment could improve histological appearance of the brain tissue, increased the capillary lumen space and maintain the integrity of BBB. Rapamycin also inhibited matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression. These data imply that rapamycin could improve brain edema progression after reperfusion injury through maintaining BBB integrity and inhibiting MMP9 and AQP4 expression. The data of this study provide a new possible approach for improving brain edema after cerebral ischemia reperfusion by administration of rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical College Affiliated Hospital , Binzhou, Shandong Province , China and
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35
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Simvastatin pretreatment protects cerebrum from neuronal injury by decreasing the expressions of phosphor-CaMK II and AQP4 in ischemic stroke rats. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:591-601. [PMID: 24752488 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity and cytotoxic edema are the two major factors resulting in neuronal injury during brain ischemia and reperfusion. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II), the downstream signal molecular of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), is a mediator in the excitotoxicity. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4), expressed mainly in the brain, is an important aquaporin to control the flux of water. In a previous study, we had reported that pretreatment of simvastatin protected the cerebrum from ischemia and reperfusion injury by decreasing neurological deficit score and infarct area (Zhu et al. PLoS One 7:e51552, 2012). The present study used a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to further explore the pleiotropic effect of simvastatin via CaMK II and AQP4. The results showed that simvastatin reduced degenerated cells and brain edema while decreasing the protein expressions of phosphor-CaMK II and AQP4, and increasing the ratios of Bcl-2/Bax, which was independent of cholesterol-lowering effect. Immunocomplexes formed between the subunit of NMDARs-NR3A and AQP4 were detected for the first time. It was concluded that simvastatin could protect the cerebrum from neuronal excitotoxicity and cytotoxic edema by downregulating the expressions of phosphor-CaMK II and AQP4, and that the interaction between NR3A and AQP4 might provide the base for AQP4 involving in the signaling pathways mediated by NMDARs.
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Abstract
Ion channels and transporters are expressed in every living cell, where they participate in controlling a plethora of biological processes and physiological functions, such as excitation of cells in response to stimulation, electrical activities of cells, excitation-contraction coupling, cellular osmolarity, and even cell growth and death. Alterations of ion channels/transporters can have profound impacts on the cellular physiology associated with these proteins. Expression of ion channels/transporters is tightly regulated and expression deregulation can trigger abnormal processes, leading to pathogenesis, the channelopathies. While transcription factors play a critical role in controlling the transcriptome of ion channels/transporters at the transcriptional level by acting on the 5'-flanking region of the genes, microribonucleic acids (miRNAs), a newly discovered class of regulators in the gene network, are also crucial for expression regulation at the posttranscriptional level through binding to the 3'untranslated region of the genes. These small noncoding RNAs fine tune expression of genes involved in a wide variety of cellular processes. Recent studies revealed the role of miRNAs in regulating expression of ion channels/transporters and the associated physiological functions. miRNAs can target ion channel genes to alter cardiac excitability (conduction, repolarization, and automaticity) and affect arrhythmogenic potential of heart. They can modulate circadian rhythm, pain threshold, neuroadaptation to alcohol, brain edema, etc., through targeting ion channel genes in the neuronal systems. miRNAs can also control cell growth and tumorigenesis by acting on the relevant ion channel genes. Future studies are expected to rapidly increase to unravel a new repertoire of ion channels/transporters for miRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Wang
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Huang J, Sun SQ, Lu WT, Xu J, Gan SW, Chen Z, Qiu GP, Huang SQ, Zhuo F, Liu Q, Xu SY. The internalization and lysosomal degradation of brain AQP4 after ischemic injury. Brain Res 2013; 1539:61-72. [PMID: 24070677 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The membrane-bound water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) plays a significant role in maintaining brain water homeostasis. In ischemic brain, changes in the expression level of AQP4 have been reported. Previous studies suggest that the internalization of several membrane-bound proteins, including AQP4, may occur with or without lysosomal degradation. In this study, the internalization of AQP4 was detected in the ischemic rat brain via double immunofluorescence labeling. Specifically, AQP4 and early endosome antigen-1 (EEA1) co-localized after 1 h post-ischemic injury. Moreover, the co-expression of AQP4 and lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP1) was observed after 3 h post-ischemia. These findings suggest that AQP4 is internalized and the lysosome is involved in degrading the internalized AQP4 in the ischemic brain. AQP4 is known to be downregulated by the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in vivo and in vitro. The results in this study displayed that PMA infusion could decrease brain edema accompanied by AQP4 downregulation in ischemic brain. However, compared with vehicle infusion, PKC activator infusion did not increase the ratio of internalized or lysosomal degraded AQP4. That is, we have not found out evidence to prove protein kinase C activator PMA can promote the internalization or lysosomal degradation of AQP4 in the ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
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Correlated sodium and potassium imbalances within the ischemic core in experimental stroke: a 23Na MRI and histochemical imaging study. Brain Res 2013; 1527:199-208. [PMID: 23792152 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses the spatial relation between local Na(+) and K(+) imbalances in the ischemic core in a rat model of focal ischemic stroke. Quantitative [Na(+)] and [K(+)] brain maps were obtained by (23)Na MRI and histochemical K(+) staining, respectively, and calibrated by emission flame photometry of the micropunch brain samples. Stroke location was verified by diffusion MRI, by changes in tissue surface reflectivity and by immunohistochemistry with microtubule-associated protein 2 antibody. Na(+) and K(+) distribution within the ischemic core was inhomogeneous, with the maximum [Na(+)] increase and [K(+)] decrease typically observed in peripheral regions of the ischemic core. The pattern of the [K(+)] decrease matched the maximum rate of [Na(+)] increase ('slope'). Some residual mismatch between the sites of maximum Na(+) and K(+) imbalances was attributed to the different channels and pathways involved in transport of the two ions. A linear regression of the [Na(+)]br vs. [K(+)]br in the samples of ischemic brain indicates that for each K(+) equivalent leaving ischemic tissue, 0.8±0.1 Eq, on average, of Na(+) enter the tissue. Better understanding of the mechanistic link between the Na(+) influx and K(+) egress would validate the (23)Na MRI slope as a candidate biomarker and a complementary tool for assessing ischemic damage and treatment planning.
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Yang M, Gao F, Liu H, Yu WH, Zhuo F, Qiu GP, Ran JH, Sun SQ. Hyperosmotic induction of aquaporin expression in rat astrocytes through a different MAPK pathway. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:111-9. [PMID: 22886825 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Water homeostasis of the nervous system is important during neural signal transduction. Astrocytes are crucial in water transport in the central nervous system under both physiological and pathological conditions. To date, five aquaporins (AQP) have been found in rat brain astrocytes. Most studies have focused on AQP4 and AQP9, however, little is known about the expression of AQP3, -5, and -8 as well as their regulating mechanism in astrocytes. The expression patterns of AQP3, -5, and -8 in astrocytes exposed to hyperosmotic solutions were examined to clarify the roles of AQP3, -5, and -8 in astrocyte water movement. The expression of AQP4 and AQP9 under the same hyperosmotic conditions was also investigated. The AQP4 and AQP9 expressions continuously increased until 12 h after hyperosmotic solution exposure, whereas the AQP3, -5, and -8 expressions continued to increase until 6 h after hyperosmotic solution exposure. The different AQPs decreased at corresponding time points (24 h for AQP4 and AQP9; 12 h for AQP3, -5, and -8 after hyperosmotic solution exposure). The ERK inhibitor can attenuate the expression of AQP3, -5, and -8 after hyperosmotic solution exposure. The p38 inhibitor can inhibit the AQP4 and AQP9 expressions in cultured astrocytes. AQP expression is directly related to the extracellular hyperosmotic stimuli. Moreover, different AQPs can be regulated by a distinct MAPK signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
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Altered aquaporins in the brains of mice submitted to intermittent hypoxia model of sleep apnea. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 185:217-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cao C, Yu X, Liao Z, Zhu N, Huo H, Wang M, Ji G, She H, Luo Z, Yue S. Hypertonic saline reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse brain edema through inhibiting aquaporin 4 expression. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2012; 16:R186. [PMID: 23036239 PMCID: PMC3682288 DOI: 10.1186/cc11670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Three percent sodium chloride (NaCl) treatment has been shown to reduce brain edema and inhibited brain aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression in bacterial meningitis induced by Escherichia coli. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main pathogenic component of E. coli. We aimed to explore the effect of 3% NaCl in mouse brain edema induced by LPS, as well as to elucidate the potential mechanisms of action. METHODS Three percent NaCl was used to treat cerebral edema induced by LPS in mice in vivo. Brain water content, IL-1β, TNFα, immunoglobulin G (IgG), AQP4 mRNA and protein were measured in brain tissues. IL-1β, 3% NaCl and calphostin C (a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C) were used to treat the primary astrocytes in vitro. AQP4 mRNA and protein were measured in astrocytes. Differences in various groups were determined by one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS Three percent NaCl attenuated the increase of brain water content, IL-1β, TNFα, IgG, AQP4 mRNA and protein in brain tissues induced by LPS. Three percent NaCl inhibited the increase of AQP4 mRNA and protein in astrocytes induced by IL-1β in vitro. Calphostin C blocked the decrease of AQP4 mRNA and protein in astrocytes induced by 3% NaCl in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Osmotherapy with 3% NaCl ameliorated LPS-induced cerebral edema in vivo. In addition to its osmotic force, 3% NaCl exerted anti-edema effects possibly through down-regulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα) and inhibiting the expression of AQP4 induced by proinflammatory cytokines. Three percent NaCl attenuated the expression of AQP4 through activation of protein kinase C in astrocytes.
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Brain water channel proteins in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 33:562-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pasantes-Morales H, Vázquez-Juárez E. Transporters and channels in cytotoxic astrocyte swelling. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:2379-87. [PMID: 22544664 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Brain edema is a severe clinical complication in a number of pathologies and is a major cause of increased morbidity and death. The swelling of astrocytes caused by a disruption of water and ion homeostasis, is the primary event contributing to the cytotoxic form of brain edema. Astrocyte cytotoxic swelling ultimately leads to transcapillary fluxes of ions and water into the brain parenchyma. This review focuses on the implication of transporters and channels in cytotoxic astrocyte swelling in hyponatremia, ischemia, trauma and hepatic encephalopathy. Emphasis is put on some salient features of the astrocyte physiology, all related to cell swelling, i.e. predominance of aquaporins, control of K(+) homeostasis and ammonia accumulation during the brain ammonia-detoxifying process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herminia Pasantes-Morales
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Shin JA, Choi JH, Choi YH, Park EM. Conserved aquaporin 4 levels associated with reduction of brain edema are mediated by estrogen in the ischemic brain after experimental stroke. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1812:1154-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Manaenko A, Fathali N, Khatibi NH, Lekic T, Hasegawa Y, Martin R, Tang J, Zhang JH. Arginine-vasopressin V1a receptor inhibition improves neurologic outcomes following an intracerebral hemorrhagic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2011; 58:542-8. [PMID: 21256175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral edema is a devastating consequence of brain injury leading to cerebral blood flow compromise and worsening parenchyma damage. In the present study, we investigated the effects of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) V(1a) receptor inhibition following an intracerebral hemorrhagic (ICH) brain injury in mice and closely assessed the role it played in cerebral edema formation, neurobehavioral functioning, and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption. To support our investigation, SR49059, an AVP V(1a) receptor competitive antagonist, and NC1900, an arginine-vasopressin analogue, were used. Male CD1 mice (n=205) were randomly assigned to the following groups: naïve, sham, ICH, ICH with SR49059 at 0.5 mg/kg, ICH with SR49059 at 2mg/kg, ICH with NC1900 at 1 ng/kg, ICH with NC1900 at 10 ng/kg, and ICH with a combination of SR49059 at 2 mg/kg and NC1900 at 10 ng/kg. ICH was induced by using the collagenase injection model and treatment was given 1h after surgery. Post assessment was conducted at 6, 12, 24, and 72 h after surgery and included brain water content, neurobehavioral testing, Evans Blue assay, western blotting, and hemoglobin assay. The study found that inhibition of the AVP V(1a) receptor significantly reduced cerebral edema at 24 and 72 h post-ICH injury and improved neurobehavioral function while reducing BBB disruption at 72 h. Western blot analysis demonstrated increased protein expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in vehicle, which was reduced with AVP V(1a) receptor inhibition. Our study suggests that blockage of the AVP V(1a) receptor, is a promising treatment target for improving ICH-induced brain injury. Further studies will be needed to confirm this relationship and determine future clinical direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatol Manaenko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, United States
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Post-treatment with SR49059 improves outcomes following an intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke in mice. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2011; 111:191-6. [PMID: 21725754 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0693-8_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating stroke subtype characterized by severe brain edema formation leading to cerebral blood flow compromise and parenchymal damage. Arginine vasopressin (AVP), a non-peptide antidiuretic hormone, has recently been implicated as a modulator of brain edema following injury. In this study, we investigated the effects of SR49059, a highly specific AVP V1a receptor antagonist, on brain injury outcomes following ICH, specifically assessing the ability of SR49059 in reducing brain edema and improving neurobehavioral deficits. Male CD1 mice (n=35) were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham, ICH, ICH with SR49059 at 0.5 mg/kg, and ICH with SR49059 at 2 mg/kg. ICH was induced by using the collagenase injection model, and treatment was given 1 h after surgery. Post-assessment was conducted at 24 and 72 h after surgery, and included brain water content and neurobehavioral testing. The study found that SR49059 significantly reduced cerebral edema at 24 and 72 h post-ICH injury and improved neurobehavioral deficits at 72 h. Our study suggests that blockage of the AVP V1a receptor is a promising treatment target for improving ICH-induced brain injury. Further studies will be needed to confirm this relationship and determine future clinical direction.
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Santos SD, Lambertsen KL, Clausen BH, Akinc A, Alvarez R, Finsen B, Saraiva MJ. CSF transthyretin neuroprotection in a mouse model of brain ischemia. J Neurochem 2010; 115:1434-44. [PMID: 21044072 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain injury caused by ischemia is a major cause of human mortality and physical/cognitive disability worldwide. Experimentally, brain ischemia can be induced surgically by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Using this model, we studied the influence of transthyretin in ischemic stroke. Transthyretin (TTR) is normally responsible for the transport of thyroid hormones and retinol in the blood and CSF. We found that TTR null mice (TTR(-/-) ) did not show significant differences in cortical infarction 24 h after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion compared with TTR(+/+) control littermates. However, TTR null mice, heterozygous for the heat-shock transcription factor 1 (TTR(-/-) HSF1(+/-) mice), which compromised the stress response, showed a significant increase in cortical infarction, cerebral edema and the microglial-leukocyte response compared with TTR(+/+) HSF1(+/-) mice. Unexpectedly, we observed novel TTR distribution throughout the infarct, localized to disintegrated β-tubulin III(+) neurons and cell debris. Specific elimination of TTR synthesis in the liver by RNAi had no effect on TTR distribution in the infarct, indicating that the observed TTR infiltration derived from CSF and not from the serum. This finding is corroborated by results from 'in situ' hybridization and real time PCR that excluded the presence of transthyretin mRNA in the infarct and peri-infarct areas. Our data suggest that in conditions of a compromised heat-shock response, CSF TTR contributes to control neuronal cell death, edema and inflammation, thereby influencing the survival of endangered neurons in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Duque Santos
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology - IBMC, Porto, Portugal
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Zelenina M. Regulation of brain aquaporins. Neurochem Int 2010; 57:468-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Sepramaniam S, Armugam A, Lim KY, Karolina DS, Swaminathan P, Tan JR, Jeyaseelan K. MicroRNA 320a functions as a novel endogenous modulator of aquaporins 1 and 4 as well as a potential therapeutic target in cerebral ischemia. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:29223-30. [PMID: 20628061 PMCID: PMC2937953 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.144576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins facilitate efficient diffusion of water across cellular membranes, and water homeostasis is critically important in conditions such as cerebral edema. Changes in aquaporin 1 and 4 expression in the brain are associated with cerebral edema, and the lack of water channel modulators is often highlighted. Here we present evidence of an endogenous modulator of aquaporin 1 and 4. We identify miR-320a as a potential modulator of aquaporin 1 and 4 and explore the possibility of using miR-320a to alter the expression of aquaporin 1 and 4 in normal and ischemic conditions. We show that precursor miR-320a can function as an inhibitor, whereas anti-miR-320a can act as an activator of aquaporin 1 and 4 expressions. We have also shown that anti-miR-320a could bring about a reduction of infarct volume in cerebral ischemia with a concomitant increase in aquaporins 1 and 4 mRNA and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugunavathi Sepramaniam
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Arunmozhiarasi Armugam
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Kai Ying Lim
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Dwi Setyowati Karolina
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Priyadharshni Swaminathan
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Jun Rong Tan
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Kandiah Jeyaseelan
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
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Liu Z, Vuohelainen V, Tarkka M, Tenhunen J, Lappalainen RS, Narkilahti S, Paavonen T, Oksala N, Wu Z, Mennander A. Glutamate release predicts ongoing myocardial ischemia of rat hearts. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2010; 70:217-24. [PMID: 20233036 DOI: 10.3109/00365511003663655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate metabolism is associated with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, but it is not clear whether glutamate reveals ongoing ischemia (OI). We evaluated whether microdialysis would detect OI induced by coronary artery ligation in a rat cardiac transplantation model. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 24 Fischer 344 rats underwent syngeneic heterotopic cardiac transplantation. Of these, 16 rats underwent ligation of the left anterior coronary artery (LAD) of the heart to induce ongoing ischemia (OI), of which eight grafts received intra-aortally Gabapentin (12 mg/graft), a glutamate-release inhibitor and eight grafts with transplantation only served as the control. With a microdialysis catheter samples for glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glutamate, and glycerol were analysed spectrophotometrically. Histology and aquaporin 7 evaluations were performed after graft harvesting. RESULTS Glutamate was elevated after 15 min of reperfusion in OI as compared with Control (14.31 +/- 5.03 microM vs 6.75 +/- 2.21 microM, p = 0.05), respectively. Glycerol remained high in OI (61.89 +/- 46.13 microM to 15.84 +/- 0.85 microM, p = ns) and low in Control (12.33 +/- 3.36 microM to 5.52 +/- 0.25 microM, p = ns). Gabapentin decreased glutamate release from 7.32 +/- 1.57 microM to 2.71 +/- 0.64 microM, (p < 0.05) and resulted in decrease of glycerol levels from 24.64 +/- 4.03 microM to 10.43 +/- 2.49 microM, (p < 0.05) in OI. The expression of aquaporin 7 and histology confirmed OI. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that glutamate release may be used as an early indicator of OI after cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyou Liu
- Heart Center, Heart Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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