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Hao X, Chen Z, Huang T, Song Y, Kong X, Liu J. Dissociation of categorical and coordinate spatial relations on dynamic network organization states. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:972375. [DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.972375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans can flexibly represent both categorical and coordinate spatial relations. Previous research has mainly focused on hemisphere lateralization in representing these two types of spatial relations, but little is known about how distinct network organization states support representations of the two. Here we used dynamic resting-state functional connectivity (FC) to explore this question. To do this, we separated a meta-identified navigation network into a ventral and two other subnetworks. We revealed a Weak State and a Strong State within the ventral subnetwork and a Negative State and a Positive State between the ventral and other subnetworks. Further, we found the Weak State (i.e., weak but positive FC) within the ventral subnetwork was related to the ability of categorical relation recognition, suggesting that the representation of categorical spatial relations was related to weak integration among focal regions in the navigation network. In contrast, the Negative State (i.e., negative FC) between the ventral and other subnetworks was associated with the ability of coordinate relation processing, suggesting that the representation of coordinate spatial relations may require competitive interactions among widely distributed regions. In sum, our study provides the first empirical evidence revealing different focal and distributed organizations of the navigation network in representing different types of spatial information.
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Development of Landmark Use for Navigation in Children: Effects of Age, Sex, Working Memory and Landmark Type. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060776. [PMID: 35741661 PMCID: PMC9221540 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of landmarks for navigation develops throughout childhood. Here, we examined the developmental trajectory of egocentric and allocentric navigation based on landmark information in an on-screen virtual environment in 39 5–6-year-olds, 43 7–8-year-olds, and 41 9–10-year-olds. We assessed both categorical performance, indicating the notion of location changes based on the landmarks, as well as metrical performance relating to the precision of the representation of the environment. We investigated whether age, sex, spatial working memory, verbal working memory, and verbal production of left and right contributed to the development of navigation skills. In egocentric navigation, Categorical performance was already above chance at 5 years of age and was positively related to visuo-spatial working memory and the production of left/right, whereas metrical performance was only related to age. Allocentric navigation started to develop between 5 and 8 years of age and was related to sex, with boys outperforming girls. Both boys and girls seemed to rely more on directional landmark information as compared to positional landmark information. To our knowledge, this study is the first to give insight into the relative contribution of different cognitive abilities to navigation skills in school-aged children.
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Muffato V, Miola L, Pazzaglia F, Meneghetti C. Map Learning in Aging Individuals: The Role of Cognitive Functioning and Visuospatial Factors. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081033. [PMID: 34439652 PMCID: PMC8394523 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging coincides with a decline in map learning ability, but it is unclear to what extent different aspects of the mental representation are susceptible. The present study aimed to investigate knowledge about landmarks, their positions and distances (categorical and distance relations, respectively) in relation to aging as well as cognitive functioning (measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]), visuospatial abilities, and self-reported wayfinding inclinations. Thirty young adults and 60 older adults (30 aged 63–74 and 30 aged 75–86) learned a map, freely recalled the landmarks and performed a map drawing task (considering the number of landmarks missing, position accuracy and distance accuracy). Before that, older participants were also assessed regarding their general cognitive functioning (MoCA) and a series of visuospatial measures. The results show age-related differences among adults in recalling landmarks and in both categorical and distance relations, with a worsening of performance of old-olds only in the former. Older adults’ MoCA score related to accuracy in the three measures, and an additional role of spatial anxiety was found for distance accuracy. Above and beyond the age-related decline, the quality of older people’s spatial mental representation is related to higher general cognitive level and lower spatial anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Muffato
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (F.P.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-6941
| | - Laura Miola
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (F.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Francesca Pazzaglia
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (F.P.); (C.M.)
- Interuniversity Research Center in Environmental Psychology (CIRPA), 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Meneghetti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (F.P.); (C.M.)
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Lopez A, Germani A, Tinella L, Caffò AO, Postma A, Bosco A. The Road More Travelled: The Differential Effects of Spatial Experience in Young and Elderly Participants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E709. [PMID: 33467572 PMCID: PMC7830856 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our spatial mental representations allow us to give refined descriptions of the environment in terms of the relative locations and distances between objects and landmarks. In this study, we investigated the effects of familiarity with the everyday environment, in terms of frequency of exploration and mode of transportation, on categorical and coordinate spatial relations, on young and elderly participants, controlling for socio-demographic factors. Participants were tested with a general anamnesis, a neuropsychological assessment, measures of explorations and the Landmark Positioning on a Map task. The results showed: (a) a modest difference in performance with categorical spatial relations; (b) a larger difference in coordinate spatial relations; (c) a significant moderating effect of age on the relationship between familiarity and spatial relations, with a stronger relation among the elderly than the young. Ceteris paribus, the role of direct experience with exploring their hometown on spatial mental representations appeared to be more important in the elderly than in the young. This advantage appears to make the elderly wiser and likely protects them from the detrimental effects of aging on spatial mental representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lopez
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (A.O.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Germani
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Luigi Tinella
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (A.O.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Oronzo Caffò
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (A.O.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Albert Postma
- Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Andrea Bosco
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (A.O.C.); (A.B.)
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5
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Stimulus probability affects the visual N700 component of the event-related potential. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:655-664. [PMID: 31978850 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether the occipito-temporal visual N700 component of the event-related potential is sensitive to stimulus probabilities. METHODS P1, N1, P3, and, in particular, the occipito-temporal N700 component of the event-related potential were analysed in response to frequent and rare non-target letters of a continuous performance task in 200 healthy adolescents. Additionally, amplitude habituation with time was examined for the occipito-temporal N700 and N1 components. RESULTS The visual P1, N1, and occipito-temporal N700 components were significantly larger in response to rare letters than to frequent letters, whereas the P3 component demonstrated no amplitude difference. Over time, the occipito-temporal N700 amplitude decreased in response to the rare letters, while the N1 amplitude increased, to both, frequent and rare letters. CONCLUSIONS This study provides first evidence that the visual occipito-temporal N700 is sensitive to stimulus probabilities, suggesting an enhanced post-processing of rare stimuli in secondary visual areas. The distinct habituation patterns of occipito-temporal N700 and N1 amplitudes distinguish repetition effects on stimulus post-processing (N700) from those on perception (N1). SIGNIFICANCE The enhanced N700 component to rare stimuli might reflect an orienting response and underlying attentional processes. The N700 sensitivity to stimulus probabilities should be examined in patient groups with attentional deficits.
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Ung WC, Yap KH, Ebenezer EGM, Chin PS, Nordin N, Chan SC, Yip HL, Lu CK, Kiguchi M, Tang TB. Assessing Neural Compensation With Visuospatial Working Memory Load Using Near-Infrared Imaging. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 28:13-22. [PMID: 31794398 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2956459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the progressive deterioration of cognitive abilities particularly working memory while mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents its prodrome. It is generally believed that neural compensation is intact in MCI but absent in Alzheimer's disease. This study investigated the effects of increasing task load as a means to induce neural compensation through a novel visual working memory (VSWM) task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) was explored due to its relevance in VSWM and neural compensation. A total of 31 healthy controls (HC), 12 patients with MCI and 18 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (mAD) were recruited. Although all groups showed sensitivity in terms of behavioral performance (i.e. score) towards increasing task load (level 1 to 3), only in MCI load effect on cortical response (as measured by fNIRS) was significant. At lower task load, bilateral PFC activation did not differ between MCI and HC. Neural compensation in the form of hyperactivation was only noticeable in MCI with a moderate task load. Lack of hyperactivation in mAD, coupled with significantly poorer task performance across task loads, suggested the inability to compensate due to a greater degree of neurodegeneration. Our findings provided an insight into the interaction of cognitive load theory and neural compensatory mechanisms. The experiment results demonstrated the feasibility of inducing neural compensation with the proposed VSWM task at the right amount of cognitive load. This may provide a promising avenue to develop an effective cognitive training and rehabilitation for dementia population.
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Ruotolo F, Ruggiero G, Raemaekers M, Iachini T, van der Ham I, Fracasso A, Postma A. Neural correlates of egocentric and allocentric frames of reference combined with metric and non-metric spatial relations. Neuroscience 2019; 409:235-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Cona G, Scarpazza C. Where is the "where" in the brain? A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on spatial cognition. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:1867-1886. [PMID: 30600568 PMCID: PMC6865398 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial representations are processed in the service of several different cognitive functions. The present study capitalizes on the Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) method of meta-analysis to identify: (a) the shared neural activations among spatial functions to reveal the "core" network of spatial processing; (b) the specific neural activations associated with each of these functions. Following PRISMA guidelines, a total of 133 fMRI and PET studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall analysis showed that the core network of spatial processing comprises regions that are symmetrically distributed on both hemispheres and that include dorsal frontoparietal regions, presupplementary motor area, anterior insula, and frontal operculum. The specific analyses revealed the brain regions that are selectively recruited for each spatial function, such as the right temporoparietal junction for shift of spatial attention, the right parahippocampal gyrus, and the retrosplenial cortex for navigation and spatial long-term memory. The findings are integrated within a systematic review of the neuroimaging literature and a new neurocognitive model of spatial cognition is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Cona
- Department of General PsychologyUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
- Padova Neuroscience CenterUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Cristina Scarpazza
- Department of General PsychologyUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College Health Partners, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Brederoo SG, Nieuwenstein MR, Cornelissen FW, Lorist MM. Reproducibility of visual-field asymmetries: Nine replication studies investigating lateralization of visual information processing. Cortex 2019; 111:100-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Wang S, Itthipuripat S, Ku Y. Electrical Stimulation Over Human Posterior Parietal Cortex Selectively Enhances the Capacity of Visual Short-Term Memory. J Neurosci 2019; 39:528-536. [PMID: 30459222 PMCID: PMC6335754 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1959-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual short-term memory (VSTM) provides an on-line mental space for incoming sensory information to be temporally maintained to carry out complex behavioral tasks. Despite its essential functions, the capacity at which VSTM could maintain sensory information is limited (i.e., VSTM can hold only about three to four visual items at once). Moreover, the quality of sensory representation (i.e., precision) degrades as more information has to be maintained in VSTM. Correlational evidence suggests that the level and the pattern of neural activity measured in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) track both VSTM capacity and precision. However, the causal contributions of the PPC to these different VSTM operations are unclear. Here, we tested whether stimulating the PPC with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could increase VSTM capacity or precision. We found that stimulating the PPC in male and female human participants selectively enhanced VSTM capacity when the number of memory items exceeded capacity limit, without significant effects on VSTM precision. Moreover, this enhancement of VSTM capacity is region specific as stimulating the prefrontal cortex did not change VSTM capacity or precision. Null stimulation effects in the sensory memory condition confirmed that the tDCS-induced enhancement of VSTM capacity was not simply due to changes in sensory or attentional processes. Altogether, these results provide causal evidence suggesting that the PPC has a more dominant role in supporting the storage capacity of VSTM compared with maintaining the quality of sensory representations. Furthermore, tDCS could be used as a promising noninvasive method to enhance this PPC VSTM-related function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Correlational evidence from neuroimaging and electrophysiology suggests that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) supports the storage capacity of visual short-term memory (VSTM) and the precision of sensory representations maintained in VSTM. However, the causal contributions of the PPC to these different VSTM functions were unclear. Here, we found that electrical stimulation over the PPC selectively enhanced VSTM capacity without changing VSTM precision. Overall, our findings suggest that the PPC has a dominant and causal role in supporting the storage capacity of VSTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
- Department of Psychology, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, and Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Sirawaj Itthipuripat
- Department of Psychology, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, and Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
- Learning Institute, and
- Futuristic Research in Enigmatic Aesthetics Knowledge Laboratory, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand, and
| | - Yixuan Ku
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China,
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, NYU Shanghai and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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11
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Development of white matter microstructure in relation to verbal and visuospatial working memory-A longitudinal study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195540. [PMID: 29689058 PMCID: PMC5916522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Working memory capacity is pivotal for a broad specter of cognitive tasks and develops throughout childhood. This must in part rely on development of neural connections and white matter microstructure maturation, but there is scarce knowledge of specific relations between this and different aspects of working memory. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables us to study development of brain white matter microstructure. In a longitudinal DTI study of 148 healthy children between 4 and 11 years scanned twice with an on average 1.6 years interval, we characterized change in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean (MD), radial (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD) in 10 major white matter tracts hypothesized to be of importance for working memory. The results showed relationships between change in several tracts and change in visuospatial working memory. Specifically, improvement in visuospatial working memory capacity was significantly associated with decreased MD, RD and AD in inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) and uncinate fasciculus (UF) in the right hemisphere, as well as forceps major (FMaj). No significant relationships were found between change in DTI metrics and change in verbal working memory capacity. These findings yield new knowledge about brain development and corresponding working memory improvements in childhood.
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12
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van der Ham IJM, Brummelman J, Aerts ME, de Haan AM, Dijkerman HC. Lateralized pointing does not cause a cognitive bias. Cogn Process 2017; 19:17-25. [PMID: 28871445 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-017-0833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lateralized pointing has been shown to cause not only a shift in visuo-motor midline, but also a shift in non-lateralized spatial attention. Non-lateralized cognitive consequences of lateralized pointing have been reported for local and global visuospatial processing. Here, we evaluate these findings and examine this effect for categorical and coordinate spatial relation processing, for which the attentional processes are thought to be highly similar to local and global visuospatial processing, respectively. Participants performed a commonly used working memory task to assess categorical and coordinate spatial relation processing. Lateralized pointing with either the left or the right hand, to either the left or the right side was introduced as a manipulation, as well as a new control condition without any pointing. Performance on the spatial relation task was measured before and after pointing. The results suggest that non-lateralized consequences of lateralized pointing cannot be generalized to other cognitive tasks relying on attentional processing. Further examination of lateralized pointing is recommended before drawing further conclusions concerning its impact on non-lateralized cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke J M van der Ham
- Department of Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jantina Brummelman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Elise Aerts
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alyanne M de Haan
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H Chris Dijkerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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van der Ham IJM, Hamami Y, Mumma J. Universal intuitions of spatial relations in elementary geometry. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2016.1257623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yacin Hamami
- Centre for Logic and Philosophy of Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - John Mumma
- Philosophy Department, California State University of San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA
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14
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Lamp G, Alexander B, Laycock R, Crewther DP, Crewther SG. Mapping of the Underlying Neural Mechanisms of Maintenance and Manipulation in Visuo-Spatial Working Memory Using An n-back Mental Rotation Task: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:87. [PMID: 27199694 PMCID: PMC4858518 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mapping of the underlying neural mechanisms of visuo-spatial working memory (WM) has been shown to consistently elicit activity in right hemisphere dominant fronto-parietal networks. However to date, the bulk of neuroimaging literature has focused largely on the maintenance aspect of visuo-spatial WM, with a scarcity of research into the aspects of WM involving manipulation of information. Thus, this study aimed to compare maintenance-only with maintenance and manipulation of visuo-spatial stimuli (3D cube shapes) utilizing a 1-back task while functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were acquired. Sixteen healthy participants (9 women, M = 23.94 years, SD = 2.49) were required to perform the 1-back task with or without mentally rotating the shapes 90° on a vertical axis. When no rotation was required (maintenance-only condition), a right hemispheric lateralization was revealed across fronto-parietal areas. However, when the task involved maintaining and manipulating the same stimuli through 90° rotation, activation was primarily seen in the bilateral parietal lobe and left fusiform gyrus. The findings confirm that the well-established right lateralized fronto-parietal networks are likely to underlie simple maintenance of visuo-spatial stimuli. The results also suggest that the added demand of manipulation of information maintained online appears to require further neural recruitment of functionally related areas. In particular mental rotation of visuospatial stimuli required bilateral parietal areas, and the left fusiform gyrus potentially to maintain a categorical or object representation. It can be concluded that WM is a complex neural process involving the interaction of an increasingly large network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Lamp
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, LaTrobe University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bonnie Alexander
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, LaTrobe University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin Laycock
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, LaTrobe University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David P Crewther
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheila G Crewther
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, LaTrobe University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Freund N, Valencia-Alfonso CE, Kirsch J, Brodmann K, Manns M, Güntürkün O. Asymmetric top-down modulation of ascending visual pathways in pigeons. Neuropsychologia 2016; 83:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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England HB, Fyock C, Meredith Gillis M, Hampstead BM. Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates spatial memory in cognitively intact adults. Behav Brain Res 2015; 283:191-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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van der Ham IJ, Postma A, Laeng B. Lateralized perception: The role of attention in spatial relation processing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 45:142-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Meadmore KL, Liversedge SP, Wenger MJ, Donnelly N. Exploring the relationship between response time, sensitivity and bias in categorical and coordinate visuospatial processes: Evidence for hemispheric specialisation. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2014.903255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Wegman J, Tyborowska A, Janzen G. Encoding and retrieval of landmark-related spatial cues during navigation: An fMRI study. Hippocampus 2014; 24:853-68. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joost Wegman
- Radboud University Nijmegen; Behavioural Science Institute; Postbus Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Radboud University Nijmegen; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Anna Tyborowska
- Radboud University Nijmegen; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Janzen
- Radboud University Nijmegen; Behavioural Science Institute; Postbus Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Radboud University Nijmegen; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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20
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Baumann O, Mattingley JB. Dissociable roles of the hippocampus and parietal cortex in processing of coordinate and categorical spatial information. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:73. [PMID: 24596551 PMCID: PMC3925887 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that spatial relationships and spatial information are critically involved in the formation of cognitive maps. It remains unclear, however, which properties of the world are explicitly encoded and how these properties might contribute to the formation of such maps. It has been proposed that spatial relations are encoded either categorically, such that the relative positions of objects are defined in prepositional terms; or as visual coordinates, such that the precise distances between objects are represented. Emerging evidence from human and animal studies suggests that distinct neural circuits might underlie categorical and coordinate representations of object locations during active spatial navigation. Here we review evidence for the hypothesis that the hippocampal formation is crucial for encoding coordinate information, whereas the parietal cortex is crucial for encoding categorical spatial information. Our short review provides a novel view regarding the functions and potential interactions of these two regions during active spatial navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Baumann
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, Australia
| | - Jason B Mattingley
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, Australia ; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, Australia
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Holden MP, Duff-Canning SJ, Hampson E. Sex differences in the weighting of metric and categorical information in spatial location memory. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2014; 79:1-18. [PMID: 24435543 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-013-0539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
According to the Category Adjustment model, remembering a spatial location involves the Bayesian combination of fine-grained and categorical information about that location, with each cue weighted by its relative certainty. However, individuals may differ in terms of their certainty about each cue, resulting in estimates that rely more or less on metric or categorical representations. To date, though, very little research has examined individual differences in the relative weighting of these cues in spatial location memory. Here, we address this gap in the literature. Participants were asked to recall point locations in uniform geometric shapes and in photographs of complex, natural scenes. Error patterns were analyzed for evidence of a sex difference in the relative use of metric and categorical information. As predicted, women placed relatively more emphasis on categorical cues, while men relied more heavily on metric information. Location reproduction tasks showed a similar effect, implying that the sex difference arises early in spatial processing, possibly during encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Holden
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada,
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van der Ham IJM, Dijkerman HC, van den Berg E. The effect of attentional scope on spatial relation processing: a case study. Neurocase 2013; 19:505-12. [PMID: 22853631 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2012.701640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Patient NC showed impairment on several tasks making use of coordinate spatial information, while categorical processing was at control level. Her assessment of local and global features of visual stimuli indicated that she had a local bias of attention, whereas controls showed a global bias. Her problems with coordinate tasks can be explained by this reduced global attentional focus. These findings confirm previous reports suggesting that the processing of categorical spatial relations benefits from a small scope of attention, whereas a relatively large scope of attention enhances coordinate spatial relation processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke J M van der Ham
- a Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
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van der Ham IJM, Duijndam MJA, Raemaekers M, van Wezel RJA, Oleksiak A, Postma A. Retinotopic mapping of categorical and coordinate spatial relation processing in early visual cortex. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38644. [PMID: 22723872 PMCID: PMC3378555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial relations are commonly divided in two global classes. Categorical relations concern abstract relations which define areas of spatial equivalence, whereas coordinate relations are metric and concern exact distances. Categorical and coordinate relation processing are thought to rely on at least partially separate neurocognitive mechanisms, as reflected by differential lateralization patterns, in particular in the parietal cortex. In this study we address this textbook principle from a new angle. We studied retinotopic activation in early visual cortex, as a reflection of attentional distribution, in a spatial working memory task with either a categorical or a coordinate instruction. Participants were asked to memorize a dot position, with regard to a central cross, and to indicate whether a subsequent dot position matched the first dot position, either categorically (opposite quadrant of the cross) or coordinately (same distance to the centre of the cross). BOLD responses across the retinotopic maps of V1, V2, and V3 indicate that the spatial distribution of cortical activity was different for categorical and coordinate instructions throughout the retention interval; a more local focus was found during categorical processing, whereas focus was more global for coordinate processing. This effect was strongest for V3, approached significance in V2 and was absent in V1. Furthermore, during stimulus presentation the two instructions led to different levels of activation in V3 during stimulus encoding; a stronger increase in activity was found for categorical processing. Together this is the first demonstration that instructions for specific types of spatial relations may yield distinct attentional patterns which are already reflected in activity early in the visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke J M van der Ham
- Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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van der Ham IJ, van Wezel RJ, Oleksiak A, van Zandvoort MJ, Frijns CJ, Jaap Kappelle L, Postma A. The effect of stimulus features on working memory of categorical and coordinate spatial relations in patients with unilateral brain damage. Cortex 2012; 48:737-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Distinct neural networks underlie encoding of categorical versus coordinate spatial relations during active navigation. Neuroimage 2012; 60:1630-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Evaluating the roles of the inferior frontal gyrus and superior parietal lobule in deductive reasoning: an rTMS study. Neuroimage 2011; 58:640-6. [PMID: 21749923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used off-line repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to examine the roles of the superior parietal lobule (SPL) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in a deductive reasoning task. Subjects performed a categorical syllogistic reasoning task involving congruent, incongruent, and abstract trials. Twenty four subjects received magnetic stimulation to the SPL region prior to the task. In the other 24 subjects, TMS was administered to the IFG region before the task. Stimulation lasted for 10min, with an inter-pulse frequency of 1Hz. We found that bilateral SPL (Brodmann area (BA) 7) stimulation disrupted performance on abstract and incongruent reasoning. Left IFG (BA 45) stimulation impaired congruent reasoning performance while paradoxically facilitating incongruent reasoning performance. This resulted in the elimination of the belief-bias. In contrast, right IFG stimulation only impaired incongruent reasoning performance, thus enhancing the belief-bias effect. These findings are largely consistent with the dual-process theory of reasoning, which proposes the existence of two different human reasoning systems: a belief-based heuristic system; and a logic-based analytic system. The present findings suggest that the left language-related IFG (BA 45) may correspond to the heuristic system, while bilateral SPL may underlie the analytic system. The right IFG may play a role in blocking the belief-based heuristic system for solving incongruent reasoning trials. This study could offer an insight about functional roles of distributed brain systems in human deductive reasoning by utilizing the rTMS approach.
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A review of lateralization of spatial functioning in nonhuman primates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 67:56-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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van der Ham IJ, van Zandvoort MJ, Frijns CJ, Kappelle LJ, Postma A. Hemispheric differences in spatial relation processing in a scene perception task: A neuropsychological study. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:999-1005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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van der Ham IJM, Borst G. Individual differences in spatial relation processing: effects of strategy, ability, and gender. Brain Cogn 2011; 76:184-90. [PMID: 21353361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on the distinction between categorical and coordinate spatial relations. Categorical relations are propositional and abstract, and often related to a left hemisphere advantage. Coordinate relations specify the metric information of the relative locations of objects, and can be linked to right hemisphere processing. Yet, not all studies have reported such a clear double dissociation; in particular the categorical left hemisphere advantage is not always reported. In the current study we investigated whether verbal and spatial strategies, verbal and spatial cognitive abilities, and gender could account for the discrepancies observed in hemispheric lateralization of spatial relations. Seventy-five participants performed two visual half field, match-to-sample tasks (Van der Ham, van Wezel, Oleksiak, & Postma, 2007; Van der Ham, Raemaekers, van Wezel, Oleksiak, and Postma, 2009) to study the lateralization of categorical and coordinate relation processing. For each participant we determined the strategy they used in each of the two tasks. Consistent with previous findings, we found an overall categorical left hemisphere advantage and coordinate right hemisphere advantage. The lateralization pattern was affected selectively by the degree to which participants used a spatial strategy and by none of the other variables (i.e., verbal strategy, cognitive abilities, and gender). Critically, the categorical left hemisphere advantage was observed only for participants that relied strongly on a spatial strategy. This result is another piece of evidence that categorical spatial relation processing relies on spatial and not verbal processes.
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Holz EM, Glennon M, Prendergast K, Sauseng P. Theta–gamma phase synchronization during memory matching in visual working memory. Neuroimage 2010; 52:326-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Lateralization of spatial categories: A comparison of verbal and visuospatial categorical relations. Mem Cognit 2010; 38:582-90. [DOI: 10.3758/mc.38.5.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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