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Fang X, van Kleef GA, Kawakami K, Sauter DA. Registered report "Categorical perception of facial expressions of anger and disgust across cultures". Cogn Emot 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38973174 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2370667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that individuals from Western cultures exhibit categorical perception (CP) in their judgments of emotional faces. However, the extent to which this phenomenon characterises the judgments of facial expressions among East Asians remains relatively unexplored. Building upon recent findings showing that East Asians are more likely than Westerners to see a mixture of emotions in facial expressions of anger and disgust, the present research aimed to investigate whether East Asians also display CP for angry and disgusted faces. To address this question, participants from Canada and China were recruited to discriminate pairs of faces along the anger-disgust continuum. The results revealed the presence of CP in both cultural groups, as participants consistently exhibited higher accuracy and faster response latencies when discriminating between-category pairs of expressions compared to within-category pairs. Moreover, the magnitude of CP did not vary significantly across cultures. These findings provide novel evidence supporting the existence of CP for facial expressions in both East Asian and Western cultures, suggesting that CP is a perceptual phenomenon that transcends cultural boundaries. This research contributes to the growing literature on cross-cultural perceptions of facial expressions by deepening our understanding of how facial expressions are perceived categorically across cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Fang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gerben A van Kleef
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kerry Kawakami
- Department of Social Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Disa A Sauter
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Venticinque JS, McMillan SJ, Guyer AE. Expanding understanding of adolescent neural sensitivity to peers: Using social information processing theory to generate new lines of research. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101395. [PMID: 38823235 PMCID: PMC11176966 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of normative heightened sensitivity to peer influence. Individual differences in susceptibility to peers is related to individual differences in neural sensitivity, particularly in brain regions that support an increasingly greater orientation toward peers. Despite these empirically-established patterns, the more specific psychosocial and socio-cognitive factors associated with individual differences in neural sensitivity to peer influence are just beginning to gain research attention. Specific features of the factors that contribute to how adolescents process social information can inform understanding of the psychological and neurobiological processes involved in what renders adolescents to be more or less susceptible to peer influences. In this paper, we (1) review the literature about peer, family, and broader contextual influences on sensitivity to peers' positive and negative behaviors, (2) outline components of social information processing theories, and (3) discuss features of these models from the perspectives and social cognitive development and social neuroscience. We identify gaps in the current literature that need to be addressed in order to gain a more comprehensive view of adolescent neural sensitivity to peer influence. We conclude by suggesting how future neuroimaging studies can adopt components of this social information processing model to generate new lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Venticinque
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis 267 Cousteau Pl, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Sarah J McMillan
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis 267 Cousteau Pl, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Amanda E Guyer
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis 267 Cousteau Pl, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Sever Aktuna YS, Koskderelioglu A, Eskut N, Aktuna A. Is impairment of facial emotion recognition independent of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis? Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2791-2800. [PMID: 38246940 PMCID: PMC11081977 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotions expressed on the face play a key role in social cognition and communication by providing inner emotional experiences. This study aimed to evaluate facial emotion identification and discrimination and empathy abilities in patients with MS and whether it is related to cognitive dysfunction. METHODS One hundred twenty patients with relapsing-remitting MS and age- and sex-matched 120 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. All the subjects were evaluated with the Facial Emotion Identification Test (FEIT), Facial Emotion Discrimination Test (FEIDT), and Empathy Quotient (EQ). We used the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for depression and detailed cognitive tests, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). The quality of life was assessed with Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQL-54). RESULTS Patients with MS were 37.6 ± 9.5 years old, had a mean disease duration of 8.8 ± 6.6 (8-28) years, and a mean EDSS score of 1.6 ± 1.3 (0-4.5). We found significant differences in the identification of facial emotions, discrimination of facial emotions, and empathy in MS patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). Especially the recognition of feelings of sadness, fear, and shame was significantly lower in MS patients. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed low SDMT and FEIDT scores which showed an independent association with MS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that facial emotion recognition and identification deficits are remarkable among patients with MS and emotion recognition is impaired together with and independently of cognitive dysfunction in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Simge Sever Aktuna
- Neurology Department, University of Health Sciences, Izmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, 35170, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Asli Koskderelioglu
- Neurology Department, University of Health Sciences, Izmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, 35170, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Eskut
- Neurology Department, University of Health Sciences, Izmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, 35170, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Atalay Aktuna
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Bornova District Health Directorate, 35030, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Romero-Martínez Á, Beser-Robles M, Cerdá-Alberich L, Aparici F, Martí-Bonmatí L, Sarrate-Costa C, Lila M, Moya-Albiol L. The contribution of brain volume to explain autonomous imbalance during recovery from acute stress in batterers. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:797-808. [PMID: 38441643 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM Many authors have suggested that intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators present an imbalance between both branches of the autonomous nervous system when coping with acute stress. Concretely, there is a predominance of the sympathetic branches over the parasympathetic ones when recovering from stress. This imbalance can be explained by their tendency toward anger rumination, and more concretely, by their focus on thoughts of revenge during this period. Unfortunately, there is a gap in the scientific literature in terms of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to assess which brain structures would explain this tendency of IPV perpetrators when coping with acute stress. METHOD The main objective of this study was to assess whether the gray matter volume (GMV) of relevant brain structures, signaled in previous scientific literature, moderates the association between thoughts of revenge and sympathetic activation during the recovery period, based on skin conductance levels (SCL) after being exposed to stress, in a group of IPV perpetrators (n = 58) and non-violent men (n = 61). RESULTS This study highlighted that the GMV of the left nucleus accumbens, right lobules of the cerebellum, and inferior temporal gyrus in IPV perpetrators moderated the association between thoughts of revenge and SCL during the recovery period. Accordingly, the higher the thoughts of revenge, the higher the sympathetic predominance (or higher SCL levels), especially among IPV perpetrators with the lowest GMV of these brain structures. Nonetheless, those variables were unrelated in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the involvement of certain brain structures and how they explain the tendency of some IPV perpetrators to ruminate anger or, more precisely, to focus on thoughts of revenge when they recover from acute stress. These results reinforce the need to incorporate neuroimaging techniques during screening processes to properly understand how IPV perpetrators deal with stress, which in turn helps target their needs and design concrete intervention modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Romero-Martínez
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Beser-Robles
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leonor Cerdá-Alberich
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Aparici
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Martí-Bonmatí
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Sarrate-Costa
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marisol Lila
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Moya-Albiol
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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Gandia-Ferrero MT, Adrián-Ventura J, Cháfer-Pericás C, Alvarez-Sanchez L, Ferrer-Cairols I, Martinez-Sanchis B, Torres-Espallardo I, Baquero-Toledo M, Marti-Bonmati L. Relationship between neuroimaging and emotion recognition in mild cognitive impairment patients. Behav Brain Res 2024; 461:114844. [PMID: 38176615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dementia is a major public health problem with high needs for early detection, efficient treatment, and prognosis evaluation. Social cognition impairment could be an early dementia indicator and can be assessed with emotion recognition evaluation tests. The purpose of this study is to investigate the link between different brain imaging modalities and cognitive status in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients, with the goal of uncovering potential physiopathological mechanisms based on social cognition performance. METHODS The relationship between the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and some clinical and biochemical variables ([18 F]FDG PET-CT and anatomical MR parameters, neuropsychological evaluation, and CSF biomarkers) was studied in 166 patients with MCI by using a correlational approach. RESULTS The RMET correlated with neuropsychological variables, as well as with structural and functional brain parameters obtained from the MR and FDG-PET imaging evaluation. However, significant correlations between the RMET and CSF biomarkers were not found. DISCUSSION Different neuroimaging parameters were found to be related to an emotion recognition task in MCI. This analysis identified potential minimally-invasive biomarkers providing some knowledge about the physiopathological mechanisms in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Gandia-Ferrero
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute (IIS La Fe), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Adrián-Ventura
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Atarazanas 4, 44003 Teruel, Spain
| | - Consuelo Cháfer-Pericás
- Grupo de investigación en Enfermedad de Alzheimer (GINEA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Alvarez-Sanchez
- Grupo de investigación en Enfermedad de Alzheimer (GINEA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 46026 Valencia, Spain; Neurology Service, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Inés Ferrer-Cairols
- Grupo de investigación en Enfermedad de Alzheimer (GINEA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Martinez-Sanchis
- Nuclear Medicine Service, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Torres-Espallardo
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute (IIS La Fe), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 46026 Valencia, Spain; Nuclear Medicine Service, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miquel Baquero-Toledo
- Grupo de investigación en Enfermedad de Alzheimer (GINEA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 46026 Valencia, Spain; Neurology Service, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Marti-Bonmati
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute (IIS La Fe), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 46026 Valencia, Spain; Radiology Service, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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Nikolic M, Pezzoli P, Jaworska N, Seto MC. Brain responses in aggression-prone individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of anger- and aggression-eliciting tasks. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110596. [PMID: 35803398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive aggression in response to perceived threat or provocation is part of humans' adaptive behavioral repertoire. However, high levels of aggression can lead to the violation of social and legal norms. Understanding brain function in individuals with high levels of aggression as they process anger- and aggression-eliciting stimuli is critical for refining explanatory models of aggression and thereby improving interventions. Three neurobiological models of reactive aggression - the limbic hyperactivity, prefrontal hypoactivity, and dysregulated limbic-prefrontal connectivity models - have been proposed. However, these models are based on neuroimaging studies involving mainly non-aggressive individuals, leaving it unclear which model best describes brain function in those with a history of aggression. We conducted a systematic literature search (PubMed and Psycinfo) and Multilevel Kernel Density meta-analysis (MKDA) of nine functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies (eight included in the between-group analysis [i.e., aggression vs. control groups], five in the within-group analysis). Studies examined brain responses to tasks putatively eliciting anger and aggression in individuals with a history of aggression alone and relative to controls. Individuals with a history of aggression exhibited greater activity in the superior temporal gyrus and in regions comprising the cognitive control and default mode networks (right posterior cingulate cortex, precentral gyrus, precuneus, right inferior frontal gyrus) during reactive aggression relative to baseline conditions. Compared to controls, individuals with a history of aggression exhibited increased activity in limbic regions (left hippocampus, left amygdala, left parahippocampal gyrus) and temporal regions (superior, middle, inferior temporal gyrus), and reduced activity in occipital regions (left occipital cortex, left calcarine cortex). These findings lend support to the limbic hyperactivity model in individuals with a history of aggression, and further indicate altered temporal and occipital activity in anger- and aggression-eliciting conditions involving face and speech processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Nikolic
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Patrizia Pezzoli
- University College London, London, United Kingdom; University of Ottawa's Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Natalia Jaworska
- University of Ottawa's Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Michael C Seto
- University of Ottawa's Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Reisch LM, Wegrzyn M, Mielke M, Mehlmann A, Woermann FG, Bien CG, Kissler J. Face processing and efficient recognition of facial expressions are impaired following right but not left anteromedial temporal lobe resections: Behavioral and fMRI evidence. Neuropsychologia 2022; 174:108335. [PMID: 35863496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Anteromedial temporal lobe structures seem to support processing of faces and facial expressions. However, differential effects of unilateral left or right temporal lobe resections (TLR) on face processing, recognition of facial expressions, and on BOLD response to faces in intact brain areas are not yet fully understood. Therefore, we compared 39 patients with unilateral TLR (18 left, 21 right) and 20 healthy controls regarding recognition of facial identity and emotional facial expressions as well as BOLD response to fearful and neutral faces. We found impaired recognition of facial identity following right TLR, which was paralleled by reduced BOLD response to faces irrespective of expression in the right fusiform and lingual gyrus in postsurgical fMRI. Right TLR patients also exhibited subtle impairments of emotion recognition as they needed higher intensity of facial expressions for correct responses in a morphing task. Accuracy of emotion recognition and subjective appraisals of facial expressions did not differ between groups. There was no specific reduction of BOLD response to fearful versus neutral faces in either patient group. Our results underline the specific role of the right anteromedial temporal lobe in processing of faces and facial expressions by showing changes in face processing following right TLR in behavioral as well as imaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Marie Reisch
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara), Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Martin Wegrzyn
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Malena Mielke
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich G Woermann
- Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara), Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian G Bien
- Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara), Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johanna Kissler
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Neuromodulation of facial emotion recognition in health and disease: A systematic review. Neurophysiol Clin 2022; 52:183-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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9
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Marcolin F, Vezzetti E, Monaci M. Face perception foundations for pattern recognition algorithms. Neurocomputing 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2021.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Facial expression recognition: A meta-analytic review of theoretical models and neuroimaging evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:820-836. [PMID: 34052280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Discrimination of facial expressions is an elementary function of the human brain. While the way emotions are represented in the brain has long been debated, common and specific neural representations in recognition of facial expressions are also complicated. To examine brain organizations and asymmetry on discrete and dimensional facial emotions, we conducted an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis and meta-analytic connectivity modelling on 141 studies with a total of 3138 participants. We found consistent engagement of the amygdala and a common set of brain networks across discrete and dimensional emotions. The left-hemisphere dominance of the amygdala and AI across categories of facial expression, but category-specific lateralization of the vmPFC, suggesting a flexibly asymmetrical neural representations of facial expression recognition. These results converge to characteristic activation and connectivity patterns across discrete and dimensional emotion categories in recognition of facial expressions. Our findings provide the first quantitatively meta-analytic brain network-based evidence supportive of the psychological constructionist hypothesis in facial expression recognition.
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Westgarth MMP, Hogan CA, Neumann DL, Shum DHK. A systematic review of studies that used NIRS to measure neural activation during emotion processing in healthy individuals. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:345-369. [PMID: 33528022 PMCID: PMC7990068 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging provides an avenue for earlier diagnosis and tailored treatment of psychological disorders characterised by emotional impairment. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers ecological advantages compared to other neuroimaging techniques and suitability of measuring regions involved in emotion functions. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the capacity of NIRS to detect activation during emotion processing and to provide recommendations for future research. Following a comprehensive literature search, we reviewed 85 journal articles, which compared activation during emotional experience, regulation or perception with either a neutral condition or baseline period among healthy participants. The quantitative synthesis of outcomes was limited to thematical analysis, owing to the lack of standardisation between studies. Although most studies found increased prefrontal activity during emotional experience and regulation, the findings were more inconsistent for emotion perception. Some researchers reported increased activity during the task, some reported decreases, some no significant changes, and some reported mixed findings depending on the valence and region. We propose that variations in the cognitive task and stimuli, recruited sample, and measurement and analysis of data are the primary causes of inconsistency. Recommendations to improve consistency in future research by carefully considering the choice of population, cognitive task and analysis approach are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M P Westgarth
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, 4122, Australia
| | - Christy A Hogan
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, 4122, Australia
| | - David L Neumann
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, 4122, Australia
| | - David H K Shum
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon City District, 100077, Hong Kong
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12
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Sorella S, Grecucci A, Piretti L, Job R. Do anger perception and the experience of anger share common neural mechanisms? Coordinate-based meta-analytic evidence of similar and different mechanisms from functional neuroimaging studies. Neuroimage 2021; 230:117777. [PMID: 33503484 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural bases of anger are still a matter of debate. In particular we do not know whether anger perception and anger experience rely on similar or different neural mechanisms. To study this topic, we performed activation-likelihood-estimation meta-analyses of human neuroimaging studies on 61 previous studies on anger perception and experience. Anger perception analysis resulted in significant activation in the amygdala, the right superior temporal gyrus, the right fusiform gyrus and the right IFG, thus revealing the role of perceptual temporal areas for perceiving angry stimuli. Anger experience analysis resulted in the bilateral activations of the insula and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, thus revealing a role for these areas in the subjective experience of anger and, possibly, in a subsequent evaluation of the situation. Conjunction analyses revealed a common area localized in the right inferior frontal gyrus, probably involved in the conceptualization of anger for both perception and experience. Altogether these results provide new insights on the functional architecture underlying the neural processing of anger that involves separate and joint mechanisms. According to our tentative model, angry stimuli are processed by temporal areas, such as the superior temporal gyrus, the fusiform gyrus and the amygdala; on the other hand, the subjective experience of anger mainly relies on the anterior insula; finally, this pattern of activations converges in the right IFG. This region seems to play a key role in the elaboration of a general meaning of this emotion, when anger is perceived or experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sorella
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (DiPSCo), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Grecucci
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (DiPSCo), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Luca Piretti
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (DiPSCo), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Remo Job
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (DiPSCo), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
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13
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Pfaltz MC, Passardi S, Auschra B, Fares-Otero NE, Schnyder U, Peyk P. Are you angry at me? Negative interpretations of neutral facial expressions are linked to child maltreatment but not to posttraumatic stress disorder. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2019; 10:1682929. [PMID: 31762947 PMCID: PMC6853207 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1682929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Individuals with a high prevalence of child maltreatment, e.g. those with borderline personality disorder, tend to see neutral facial expressions as negative. Objective: Our aim was to assess whether this bias is present in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and whether it is linked to child maltreatment. Methods: Thirty-nine PTSD participants, 44 traumatized and 35 non-traumatized healthy controls watched 300 one-second movies showing 30 neutral and 270 emotional facial expressions, and indicated whether they interpreted each as a neutral or as one of nine emotional expressions. Results: PTSD individuals did not perform differently than the two control groups in the recognition and interpretation of neutral facial expressions (p's < .300). Higher levels of childhood sexual and emotional abuse, and physical neglect were linked to more interpretations of neutral facial expressions as contempt (p's < .043), and (for sexual abuse and physical neglect) to more interpretations of neutral facial expressions as anger (p's < .014). Comparisons of statistical model fits suggested that childhood sexual abuse was the most relevant predictor of recognition accuracy in our sample. Alexithymia, state dissociation, interpersonal trauma, and number of experienced trauma types were not associated with deficits in the interpretation of neutral expressions. Conclusions: Child maltreatment, especially sexual abuse, may shape the interpretation of neutral facial expressions. Future research should explore whether the observed biases extend to real-life situations. If so, therapists might improve the therapeutic relationship with patients with a history of child maltreatment by paying more attention to their own non-verbal communication and their patients' responses to it. Furthermore, similarly to individuals with high depressive and high social anxiety symptoms, facial expression recognition training might counteract negativity bias in individuals with a history of childhood (sexual and emotional) abuse, and (physical) neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique C. Pfaltz
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Passardi
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Auschra
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natalia E. Fares-Otero
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Schnyder
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Peyk
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Suslow T, Hußlack A, Bujanow A, Henkelmann J, Kersting A, Hoffmann KT, Egloff B, Lobsien D, Günther V. Implicitly and explicitly assessed anxiety: No relationships with recognition of and brain response to facial emotions. Neuroscience 2019; 408:1-13. [PMID: 30953669 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trait anxiety, the disposition to experience anxiety, is known to facilitate perception of threats. Trait anxious individuals seem to identify threatening stimuli such as fearful facial expressions more accurately, especially when presented under temporal constraints. In past studies on anxiety and emotion face recognition, only self-report or explicit measures of anxiety have been administered. Implicit measures represent indirect tests allowing to circumvent problems associated with self-report. In our study, we made use of implicit in addition to explicit measures to investigate the relationships of trait anxiety with recognition of and brain response to emotional faces. 75 healthy young volunteers had to identify briefly presented (67 ms) fearful, angry, happy, and neutral facial expressions masked by neutral faces while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. The Implicit Association Test, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were applied as implicit and explicit measures of trait anxiety. After corrections for multiple testing, neither implicitly nor explicitly measured anxiety correlated with recognition of emotional facial expressions. Moreover, implicitly and explicitly assessed anxiety was not linked to brain response to emotional faces. Our data suggest links between discrimination accuracy and brain response to facial emotions. Activation of the caudate nucleus seems be of particular importance for recognizing fear and happiness from facial expressions. Processes of somatosensory resonance appear to be involved in identifying fear from facial expressions. The present data indicate that, regardless of assessment method, trait anxiety does not affect the recognition of fear or other emotions as has been proposed previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Suslow
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr, 10, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
| | - Anja Hußlack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr, 10, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Anna Bujanow
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr, 10, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jeanette Henkelmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Anette Kersting
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr, 10, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Karl-Titus Hoffmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Boris Egloff
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Binger Str. 14-16, Mainz 55122, Germany
| | - Donald Lobsien
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Vivien Günther
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr, 10, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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Moral Judgment: An Overlooked Deficient Domain in Multiple Sclerosis? Behav Sci (Basel) 2018; 8:bs8110105. [PMID: 30453483 PMCID: PMC6262463 DOI: 10.3390/bs8110105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system through which patients can suffer from sensory, motor, cerebellar, emotional, and cognitive symptoms. Although cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions are frequently encountered in MS patients, they have previously received little attention. Among the most frequently impaired cognitive domains are attention, information processing speed, and working memory, which have been extensively addressed in this population. However, less emphasis has been placed on other domains like moral judgment. The latter is a complex cognitive sphere that implies the individuals’ ability to judge others’ actions and relies on numerous affective and cognitive processes. Moral cognition is crucial for healthy and adequate interpersonal relationships, and its alteration might have drastic impacts on patients’ quality of life. This work aims to analyze the studies that have addressed moral cognition in MS. Only three works have previously addressed moral judgement in this clinical population compared to healthy controls, and none included neuroimaging or physiological measures. Although scarce, the available data suggest a complex pattern of moral judgments that deviate from normal response. This finding was accompanied by socio-emotional and cognitive deficits. Only preliminary data are available on moral cognition in MS, and its neurobiological foundations are still needing to be explored. Future studies would benefit from combining moral cognitive measures with comprehensive neuropsychological batteries and neuroimaging/neurophysiological modalities (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging, tractography, evoked potentials, electroencephalography) aiming to decipher the neural underpinning of moral judgement deficits and subsequently conceive potential interventions in MS patients.
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Influence of task instructions and stimuli on the neural network of face processing: An ALE meta-analysis. Cortex 2018; 103:240-255. [PMID: 29665467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural correlates of face processing. However, the location of face-preferential regions differs considerably between studies, possibly due to the use of different stimuli or tasks. By using Activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses, we aimed to a) delineate regions consistently involved in face processing and b) to assess the influence of stimuli and task on convergence of activation patterns. In total, we included 77 neuroimaging experiments in healthy subjects comparing face processing to a control condition. Results revealed a core face-processing network encompassing bilateral fusiform gyrus (FFG), inferior occipital (IOG) gyrus, superior temporal sulcus/middle temporal gyrus (STS/MTG), amygdala, inferior frontal junction (IFJ) and gyrus (IFG), left anterior insula as well as pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). Furthermore, separate meta-analyses showed, that while significant convergence across all task and stimuli conditions was found in bilateral amygdala, right IOG, right mid-FFG, and right IFG, convergence in IFJ, STS/MTG, right posterior FFG, left FFG and pre-SMA differed between conditions. Thus, our results point to an occipito-frontal-amygdalae system that is involved regardless of stimulus and attention, whereas the remaining regions of the face-processing network are influenced by the task-dependent focus on specific facial characteristics as well as the type of stimuli processed.
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Tippett DC, Godin BR, Oishi K, Oishi K, Davis C, Gomez Y, Trupe LA, Kim EH, Hillis AE. Impaired Recognition of Emotional Faces after Stroke Involving Right Amygdala or Insula. Semin Speech Lang 2018; 39:87-100. [PMID: 29359308 PMCID: PMC5837057 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite its basic and translational importance, the neural circuitry supporting the perception of emotional faces remains incompletely understood. Functional imaging studies and chronic lesion studies indicate distinct roles of the amygdala and insula in recognition of fear and disgust in facial expressions, whereas intracranial encephalography studies, which are not encumbered by variations in human anatomy, indicate a somewhat different role of these structures. In this article, we leveraged lesion-mapping techniques in individuals with acute right hemisphere stroke to investigate lesions associated with impaired recognition of prototypic emotional faces before significant neural reorganization can occur during recovery from stroke. Right hemisphere stroke patients were significantly less accurate than controls on a test of emotional facial recognition for both positive and negative emotions. Patients with right amygdala or anterior insula lesions had significantly lower scores than other right hemisphere stroke patients on recognition of angry and happy faces. Lesion volume within several regions, including the right amygdala and anterior insula, each independently contributed to the error rate in recognition of individual emotions. Results provide additional support for a necessary role of the right amygdala and anterior insula within a network of regions underlying recognition of facial expressions, particularly those that have biological importance or motivational relevance and have implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna C. Tippett
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA, 21287
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA, 21287
- Department of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA, 21287
| | - Brittany R. Godin
- Rehabilitation Services, University of Maryland Charles Regional Medical Center, La Plata, Maryland
| | - Kumiko Oishi
- Center for Imaging Science, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kenichi Oishi
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA, 21287
| | - Cameron Davis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA, 21287
| | - Yessenia Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA, 21287
| | - Lydia A. Trupe
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA, 21287
| | - Eun Hye Kim
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA, 21287
| | - Argye E. Hillis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA, 21287
- Department of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA, 21287
- Department of Cognitive Science, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Bayer M, Rubens MT, Johnstone T. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI reveals attention-dependent coupling of early face processing with a distributed cortical network. Biol Psychol 2017; 132:133-142. [PMID: 29246813 PMCID: PMC5809026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Distributed cortical activation to faces covaries with ERPs as early as 100 ms. Covariations depend on both sustained attention and trial-by-trial cognitive conflict. Top-down gating might apply to earlier visual processing stages than previously known.
The speed of visual processing is central to our understanding of face perception. Yet the extent to which early visual processing influences later processing in distributed face processing networks, and the top-down modulation of such bottom-up effects, remains unclear. We used simultaneous EEG-fMRI to investigate cortical activity that showed unique covariation with ERP components of face processing (C1, P1, N170, P3), while manipulating sustained attention and transient cognitive conflict employing an emotional face-word Stroop task. ERP markers of visual processing within 100 ms after stimulus onset showed covariation with brain activation in precuneous, posterior cingulate gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus and frontal operculum, and a left lateral parietal-occipital cluster, illustrating the impact of early stage processing on higher-order mechanisms. Crucially, this covariation depended on sustained attentional focus and was absent for incongruent trials, suggesting flexible top-down gating of bottom-up processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Bayer
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Michael T Rubens
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Tom Johnstone
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Murphy K, Ward Z. Repetition Blindness for Faces: A Comparison of Face Identity, Expression, and Gender Judgments. Adv Cogn Psychol 2017; 13:214-223. [PMID: 29038663 PMCID: PMC5636015 DOI: 10.5709/acp-0221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetition blindness (RB) refers to the impairment in reporting two identical targets within a rapid serial visual presentation stream. While numerous studies have demonstrated RB for words and picture of objects, very few studies have examined RB for faces. This study extended this research by examining RB when the two faces were complete repeats (same emotion and identity), identity repeats (same individual, different emotion), and emotion repeats (different individual, same emotion) for identity, gender, and expression judgment tasks. Complete RB and identity RB effects were evident for all three judgment tasks. Emotion RB was only evident for the expression and gender judgments. Complete RB effects were larger than emotion or identity RB effects across all judgment tasks. For the expression judgments, there was more emotion than identity RB. The identity RB effect was larger than the emotion RB effect for the gender judgments. Cross task comparisons revealed larger complete RB effects for the expression and gender judgments than the identity decisions. There was a larger emotion RB effect for the expression than gender judgments and the identity RB effect was larger for the gender than for the identity and expression judgments. These results indicate that while faces are subject to RB, this is affected by the type of repeated information and relevance of the facial characteristic to the judgment decision. This study provides further support for the operation of separate processing mechanisms for face gender, emotion, and identity information within models of face recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Murphy
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast,
Queensland, Australia
| | - Zoe Ward
- School of Applied Psychology, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University,
Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, representing the primary cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults. Cognitive dysfunction can affect patients at any time during the disease process and might alter the six core functional domains. Social cognition is a multi-component construct that includes the theory of mind, empathy and social perception of emotions from facial, bodily and vocal cues. Deficits in this cognitive faculty might have a drastic impact on interpersonal relationships and quality of life (QoL). Although exhaustive data exist for non-social cognitive functions in MS, only a little attention has been paid for social cognition. The objectives of the present work are to reappraise the definition and anatomy of social cognition and evaluate the integrity of this domain across MS studies. We will put special emphasis on neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies concerning social cognitive performance in MS. METHODS Studies were selected in conformity with PRISMA guidelines. We looked for computerized databases (PubMed, Medline, and Scopus) that index peer-reviewed journals to identify published reports in English and French languages that mention social cognition and multiple sclerosis, regardless of publication year. We combined keywords as follows: (facial emotion or facial expression or emotional facial expressions or theory of mind or social cognition or empathy or affective prosody) AND multiple sclerosis AND (MRI or functional MRI or positron emission tomography or functional imaging or structural imaging). We also scanned references from articles aiming to get additional relevant studies. RESULTS In total, 26 studies matched the abovementioned criteria (26 neuropsychological studies including five neuroimaging studies). Available data support the presence of social cognitive deficits even at early stages of MS. The increase in disease burden along with the "multiple disconnection syndrome" resulting from gray and white matters pathology might exceed the "threshold for cerebral tolerance" and can manifest as deficits in social cognition. Admitting the impact of the latter on patients' social functioning, a thorough screening for such deficits is crucial to improving patients' QoL. (JINS, 2017, 23, 266-286).
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Meaux E, Vuilleumier P. Facing mixed emotions: Analytic and holistic perception of facial emotion expressions engages separate brain networks. Neuroimage 2016; 141:154-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Neural Modulation in Aversive Emotion Processing: An Independent Component Analysis Study. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2816567. [PMID: 27579051 PMCID: PMC4992784 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2816567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Emotional processing has an important role in social interaction. We report the findings about the Independent Component Analysis carried out on a fMRI set obtained with a paradigm of face emotional processing. The results showed that an independent component, mainly cerebellar-medial-frontal, had a positive modulation associated with fear processing. Also, another independent component, mainly parahippocampal-prefrontal, showed a negative modulation that could be associated with implicit reappraisal of emotional stimuli. Independent Component Analysis could serve as a method to understand complex cognitive processes and their underlying neural dynamics.
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23
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Kim KW, Lee SW, Choi J, Kim TM, Jeong B. Neural correlates of text-based emoticons: a preliminary fMRI study. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00500. [PMID: 27547502 PMCID: PMC4980471 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Like nonverbal cues in oral interactions, text-based emoticons, which are textual portrayals of a writer's facial expressions, are commonly used in electronic device-mediated communication. Little is known, however, about how text-based emoticons are processed in the human brain. With this study, we investigated whether the text-based emoticons are processed as face expressions using fMRI. METHODS During fMRI scan, subjects were asked to respond by pressing a button, indicating whether text-based emoticons represented positive or negative emotions. Voxel-wise analyses were performed to compare the responses and contrasted with emotional versus scrambled emoticons and among emoticons with different emotions. To explore processing strategies for text-based emoticons, brain activity in the bilateral occipital and fusiform face areas were compared. RESULTS In the voxel-wise analysis, both emotional and scrambled emoticons were processed mainly in the bilateral fusiform gyri, inferior division of lateral occipital cortex, inferior frontal gyri, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and parietal cortex. In a percent signal change analysis, the right occipital and fusiform face areas showed significantly higher activation than left ones. In comparisons among emoticons, sad one showed significant BOLD signal decrease in the dACC, the left AIC, the bilateral thalamus, and the precuneus as compared with other conditions. CONCLUSION The results of this study imply that people recognize text-based emoticons as pictures representing face expressions. Even though text-based emoticons contain emotional meaning, they are not associated with the amygdala while previous studies using emotional stimuli documented amygdala activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Woon Kim
- Clinical Neuroscience and Development Laboratory Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea; Department of Neurology Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Clinical Neuroscience and Development Laboratory Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea
| | - Jeewook Choi
- Department of Psychiatry Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Daejeon Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry Eulji University Daejeon Korea
| | - Bumseok Jeong
- Clinical Neuroscience and Development Laboratory Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea
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Koenig-Robert R, VanRullen R, Tsuchiya N. Semantic Wavelet-Induced Frequency-Tagging (SWIFT) Periodically Activates Category Selective Areas While Steadily Activating Early Visual Areas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144858. [PMID: 26691722 PMCID: PMC4686956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primate visual systems process natural images in a hierarchical manner: at the early stage, neurons are tuned to local image features, while neurons in high-level areas are tuned to abstract object categories. Standard models of visual processing assume that the transition of tuning from image features to object categories emerges gradually along the visual hierarchy. Direct tests of such models remain difficult due to confounding alteration in low-level image properties when contrasting distinct object categories. When such contrast is performed in a classic functional localizer method, the desired activation in high-level visual areas is typically accompanied with activation in early visual areas. Here we used a novel image-modulation method called SWIFT (semantic wavelet-induced frequency-tagging), a variant of frequency-tagging techniques. Natural images modulated by SWIFT reveal object semantics periodically while keeping low-level properties constant. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we indeed found that faces and scenes modulated with SWIFT periodically activated the prototypical category-selective areas while they elicited sustained and constant responses in early visual areas. SWIFT and the localizer were selective and specific to a similar extent in activating category-selective areas. Only SWIFT progressively activated the visual pathway from low- to high-level areas, consistent with predictions from standard hierarchical models. We confirmed these results with criterion-free methods, generalizing the validity of our approach and show that it is possible to dissociate neural activation in early and category-selective areas. Our results provide direct evidence for the hierarchical nature of the representation of visual objects along the visual stream and open up future applications of frequency-tagging methods in fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Koenig-Robert
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail: (RK); (NT)
| | - Rufin VanRullen
- CNRS, UMR5549, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Faculté de Médecine de Purpan, 31052 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université Paul Sabatier, 31052 Toulouse, France
| | - Naotsugu Tsuchiya
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Decoding and Controlling Brain Information, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 102–8266
- * E-mail: (RK); (NT)
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Lee J, Lee S, Chun JW, Cho H, Kim DJ, Jung YC. Compromised Prefrontal Cognitive Control Over Emotional Interference in Adolescents with Internet Gaming Disorder. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2015; 18:661-8. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2015.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junghan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seojung Lee
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Chun
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dai-jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Chul Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Social information processing following resection of the insular cortex. Neuropsychologia 2015; 71:1-10. [PMID: 25770480 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The insula has been implicated in social cognition and empathy in several neuroimaging paradigms. Impairments in social information processing, including specific deficits in disgust recognition, have been described following isolated insular damage, although the evidence remains limited to a few case studies. The present study examines social cognition and empathy in a group of fifteen patients for whom the insula was removed as part of their epilepsy surgery. These patients were compared to a lesion-control group of 15 epileptic patients who had a surgery in the anterior temporal lobe that spared the insula, and to 20 healthy volunteers matched on age, sex, and education. Participants were assessed on an Emotion Recognition Task (ERT), the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test, and a self-administered empathy questionnaire. Patients who underwent insular resection showed poorer ability to recognize facial expressions of emotions and had lower scores of perspective taking on the empathy questionnaire than healthy controls. Using results from healthy controls as normative data, emotion recognition deficits were more frequent in insular patients than in both other groups. Specific emotion analyses revealed impairments in fear recognition in both groups of patients, whereas happiness and surprise recognition was only impaired in patients with insular resection. There was no evidence for a deficit in disgust recognition. The findings suggest that unilateral damage to the operculo-insular region may be associated with subtle impairments in emotion recognition, and provide further clinical evidence of a role of the insula in empathic processes. However, the description of 15 consecutive cases of insula-damaged patients with no specific deficit in disgust recognition seriously challenges the assumptions, based on previous case reports, that the insula is specifically involved in disgust processing.
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Trick L, Kempton MJ, Williams SCR, Duka T. Impaired fear recognition and attentional set-shifting is associated with brain structural changes in alcoholic patients. Addict Biol 2014; 19:1041-54. [PMID: 25123156 PMCID: PMC4282104 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic patients with multiple detoxifications/relapses show cognitive and emotional deficits. We performed structural magnetic resonance imaging and examined performance on a cognitive flexibility task (intra-extradimensional set shift and reversal; IED). We also presented subjects with fearful, disgust and anger facial emotional expressions. Participants were abstaining, multiply detoxified (MDTx; n = 12) or singly detoxified patients (SDTx; n = 17) and social drinker controls (n = 31). Alcoholic patients were less able than controls to change their behavior in accordance with the changing of the rules in the IED and they were less accurate in recognizing fearful expressions in particular. They also showed lower gray matter volume compared with controls in frontal brain areas, including inferior frontal cortex (IFC) and insula that mediate emotional processing, inferior parietal lobule and medial frontal cortex that mediate attentional and motor planning processes, respectively. Impairments in performance and some of the regional decreases in gray matter were greater in MDTx. Gray matter volume in IFC in patients was negatively correlated with the number of detoxifications, whereas inferior parietal lobule was negatively correlated with the control over drinking score (impaired control over drinking questionnaire). Performance in IED was also negatively correlated with gray matter volume in IFC/BA47, whereas recognition of fearful faces was positively correlated with the IFC gray matter. Repeated episodes of detoxification from alcohol, related to severity of dependency, are coupled with altered brain structure in areas of emotional regulation, attention and motor planning. Such changes may confer increased inability to switch behavior according to environmental demands and social incompetence, contributing to relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J. Kempton
- Department of Neuroimaging; Institute of Psychiatry; King's College London; UK
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28
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Gallo M, Gámiz F, Perez-García M, Del Moral RG, Rolls ET. Taste and olfactory status in a gourmand with a right amygdala lesion. Neurocase 2014; 20:421-33. [PMID: 23668221 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2013.791862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In a patient with a lesion of the right amygdala and temporal pole who had the characteristics of the gourmand syndrome, sensory and hedonic testing was performed to examine the processing of taste, olfactory, and some emotional stimuli. The gourmand syndrome describes a preoccupation with food and a preference for fine eating and is associated with right anterior lesions. It was found that the taste thresholds for sweet, salt, bitter, and sour were normal; that the patient did not dislike the taste of salt (NaCl) at low and moderate concentrations as much as age-matched controls; that this also occurred for monosodium glutamate (MSG); that there were some olfactory differences from normal controls; and that there was a marked reduction in the ability to detect face expressions of disgust.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gallo
- a Department of Psychobiology, Instituto de Neurociencias F. Olóriz , Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CIBM, Universidad de Granada , Granada , Spain
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Banks SJ, Bellerose J, Douglas D, Jones-Gotman M. The Insular Cortex: Relationship to Skin Conductance Responses to Facial Expression of Emotion in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2013; 39:1-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10484-013-9236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Villalta-Gil V, Meléndez-Pérez I, Russell T, Surguladze S, Radua J, Fusté M, Stephan-Otto C, Haro JM. Functional similarity of facial emotion processing between people with a first episode of psychosis and healthy subjects. Schizophr Res 2013; 149:35-41. [PMID: 23830857 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofunctional and behavioral abnormalities in facial emotion processing (FEmoP) have been consistently found in schizophrenia patients, but studies assessing brain functioning in early phases are scarce and the variety of experimental paradigms in current literature make comparisons difficult. The present work focuses on assessing FEmoP in people experiencing a psychotic episode for the first time with different experimental paradigm approaches. METHODS Twenty-two patients with a first psychotic episode (FPe) (13 males) took part in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study (1.5T) examining neural responses to explicit and implicit processing of fearful and happy facial expressions presented at two different intensities: 50% and 100%. Their brain activation was compared to that of 31 healthy subjects (15 males). RESULTS Control subjects show differential patterns of brain activation regarding the task demands (implicit or explicit processing), the emotional content (happy or fear) and the intensities of the emotion (50% or 100%); such differences are not found in participants with a first psychotic episode (FPe). No interaction or group effects are seen between control and FPe participants with any of the emotional tasks assessed, although FPe subjects show worse behavioral performance. CONCLUSIONS No brain areas recruited for FEmoP emerge as significantly different between people with a FPe and healthy subjects, independently on the demands of the task, the emotion processed, or the intensity of the emotion; but FPe participants show a limited recruitment of differential brain regions that could be associated with poor emotional processing in the short term. Our results outline the need of investigating the underlying processes that lead FPe participants to worse FEmoP performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Villalta-Gil
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERSAM), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Shi H, Wang X, Yao S. Comparison of activation patterns between masking and inattention tasks: a coordinate-based meta-analysis of implicit emotional face processing. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:459. [PMID: 23986672 PMCID: PMC3752438 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies of implicit emotional processing are important for understanding the neural mechanisms and its social and evolutionary significance. Two major experimental tasks are used to explore the mechanisms of implicit emotional processing: masking tasks and inattention tasks, both using emotional faces as stimuli. However, it is unclear whether they have identical or distinct neural substrates since few studies have compared the two tasks. The purpose of the present study was to explore the mechanisms of implicit processing of emotional faces, and compare the activation patterns between different tasks. Through a literature search, 41 studies exploring implicit processing of emotional faces were collected. A total of 830 healthy subjects and 513 foci were obtained. Separate activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses were conducted for the entire group of studies and for different tasks for comparison purposes. The results showed that there were differences, as well as overlap, in activation patterns between masking and inattention tasks. Bilateral amygdala, middle occipital gyrus and fusiform gyrus were activated across both tasks. While masking tasks were more associated with inferior temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala, inattention tasks were more associated with right fusiform gyrus. The differences in activation patterns between masking and inattention tasks may be indicative of separate mechanisms underlying early and late stages of implicit emotional face processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huqing Shi
- Medical Psychological Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
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32
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Ernst J, Northoff G, Böker H, Seifritz E, Grimm S. Interoceptive awareness enhances neural activity during empathy. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 34:1615-24. [PMID: 22359353 PMCID: PMC6869919 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Empathy is a multicomponent function that includes sensorimotor, affective, and cognitive components. Although especially the affective component may implicate interoception and interoceptive awareness, the impact of interoception on empathy has never been evaluated behaviorally or neurophysiologically. Here, we tested how a preceding period of interoceptive awareness impacts and modulates neural activity during subsequent empathy. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and measured the sequential interaction between interoception and empathy using fMRI in 18 healthy subjects. We found that the preceding interoceptive awareness period significantly enhanced neural activity during empathy in bilateral anterior insula and various cortical midline regions. The enhancement of neural activity during empathy in both interoceptive and empathy networks by preceding interoceptive awareness suggests a close relationship between interoception and empathy; thereby, interoception seems to be implicated to yielding empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Ernst
- Clinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Northoff
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Heinz Böker
- Clinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Clinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Grimm
- Clinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité, 14050 Berlin, Germany
- Languages of Emotion Cluster of Excellence, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Germany
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Carvajal F, Rubio S, Serrano JM, Ríos-Lago M, Alvarez-Linera J, Pacheco L, Martín P. Is a neutral expression also a neutral stimulus? A study with functional magnetic resonance. Exp Brain Res 2013; 228:467-79. [PMID: 23727881 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although neutral faces do not initially convey an explicit emotional message, it has been found that individuals tend to assign them an affective content. Moreover, previous research has shown that affective judgments are mediated by the task they have to perform. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 21 healthy participants, we focus this study on the cerebral activity patterns triggered by neutral and emotional faces in two different tasks (social or gender judgments). Results obtained, using conjunction analyses, indicated that viewing both emotional and neutral faces evokes activity in several similar brain areas indicating a common neural substrate. Moreover, neutral faces specifically elicit activation of cerebellum, frontal and temporal areas, while emotional faces involve the cuneus, anterior cingulated gyrus, medial orbitofrontal cortex, posterior superior temporal gyrus, precentral/postcentral gyrus and insula. The task selected was also found to influence brain activity, in that the social task recruited frontal areas while the gender task involved the posterior cingulated, inferior parietal lobule and middle temporal gyrus to a greater extent. Specifically, in the social task viewing neutral faces was associated with longer reaction times and increased activity of left dorsolateral frontal cortex compared with viewing facial expressions of emotions. In contrast, in the same task emotional expressions distinctively activated the left amygdale. The results are discussed taking into consideration the fact that, like other facial expressions, neutral expressions are usually assigned some emotional significance. However, neutral faces evoke a greater activation of circuits probably involved in more elaborate cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carvajal
- Department of Biological Psychology and Health, Facultad de Psicologia, Autonomous University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco s/n, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Identification des émotions chez des patients atteints de gliomes de bas grade versus accidents vasculaires cérébraux. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2013; 169:249-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Weisenbach SL, Rapport LJ, Briceno EM, Haase BD, Vederman AC, Bieliauskas LA, Welsh RC, Starkman MN, McInnis MG, Zubieta JK, Langenecker SA. Reduced emotion processing efficiency in healthy males relative to females. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2012. [PMID: 23196633 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nss137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined sex differences in categorization of facial emotions and activation of brain regions supportive of those classifications. In Experiment 1, performance on the Facial Emotion Perception Test (FEPT) was examined among 75 healthy females and 63 healthy males. Females were more accurate in the categorization of fearful expressions relative to males. In Experiment 2, 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired for a separate sample of 21 healthy females and 17 healthy males while performing the FEPT. Activation to neutral facial expressions was subtracted from activation to sad, angry, fearful and happy facial expressions. Although females and males demonstrated activation in some overlapping regions for all emotions, many regions were exclusive to females or males. For anger, sad and happy, males displayed a larger extent of activation than did females, and greater height of activation was detected in diffuse cortical and subcortical regions. For fear, males displayed greater activation than females only in right postcentral gyri. With one exception in females, performance was not associated with activation. Results suggest that females and males process emotions using different neural pathways, and these differences cannot be explained by performance variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Weisenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, 2101 Commonwealth Boulevard, Suite C, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Mu YG, Huang LJ, Li SY, Ke C, Chen Y, Jin Y, Chen ZP. Working memory and the identification of facial expression in patients with left frontal glioma. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14 Suppl 4:iv81-9. [PMID: 23095835 PMCID: PMC3480252 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with brain tumors may have cognitive dysfunctions including memory deterioration, such as working memory, that affect quality of life. This study was to explore the presence of defects in working memory and the identification of facial expressions in patients with left frontal glioma. This case-control study recruited 11 matched pairs of patients and healthy control subjects (mean age ± standard deviation, 37.00 ± 10.96 years vs 36.73 ± 11.20 years; 7 male and 4 female) from March through December 2011. The psychological tests contained tests that estimate verbal/visual-spatial working memory, executive function, and the identification of facial expressions. According to the paired samples analysis, there were no differences in the anxiety and depression scores or in the intelligence quotients between the 2 groups (P > .05). All indices of the Digit Span Test were significantly worse in patients than in control subjects (P < .05), but the Tapping Test scores did not differ between patient and control groups. Of all 7 Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) indexes, only the Preservative Response was significantly different between patients and control subjects (P < .05). Patients were significantly less accurate in detecting angry facial expressions than were control subjects (30.3% vs 57.6%; P < .05) but showed no deficits in the identification of other expressions. The backward indexes of the Digit Span Test were associated with emotion scores and tumor size and grade (P < .05). Patients with left frontal glioma had deficits in verbal working memory and the ability to identify anger. These may have resulted from damage to functional frontal cortex regions, in which roles in these 2 capabilities have not been confirmed. However, verbal working memory performance might be affected by emotional and tumor-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gao Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Frick C, Lang S, Kotchoubey B, Sieswerda S, Dinu-Biringer R, Berger M, Veser S, Essig M, Barnow S. Hypersensitivity in borderline personality disorder during mindreading. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41650. [PMID: 22870240 PMCID: PMC3411703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the core symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is the instability in interpersonal relationships. This might be related to existent differences in mindreading between BPD patients and healthy individuals. METHODS We examined the behavioural and neurophysiological (fMRI) responses of BPD patients and healthy controls (HC) during performance of the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' test (RMET). RESULTS Mental state discrimination was significantly better and faster for affective eye gazes in BPD patients than in HC. At the neurophysiological level, this was manifested in a stronger activation of the amygdala and greater activity of the medial frontal gyrus, the left temporal pole and the middle temporal gyrus during affective eye gazes. In contrast, HC subjects showed a greater activation in the insula and the superior temporal gyri. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that BPD patients are highly vigilant to social stimuli, maybe because they resonate intuitively with mental states of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Frick
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Lang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Boris Kotchoubey
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Simkje Sieswerda
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ramona Dinu-Biringer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Berger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Veser
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marco Essig
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Barnow
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Taddei M, Tettamanti M, Zanoni A, Cappa S, Battaglia M. Brain white matter organisation in adolescence is related to childhood cerebral responses to facial expressions and harm avoidance. Neuroimage 2012; 61:1394-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Pitel AL, Chanraud S, Rohlfing T, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV. Face-name association learning and brain structural substrates in alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 36:1171-9. [PMID: 22509954 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associative learning is required for face-name association and is impaired in alcoholism, but the cognitive processes and brain structural components underlying this deficit remain unclear. It is also unknown whether prompting alcoholics to implement a deep level of processing during face-name encoding would enhance performance. METHODS Abstinent alcoholics and controls performed a levels-of-processing face-name learning task. Participants indicated whether the face was that of an honest person (deep encoding) or that of a man (shallow encoding). Retrieval was examined using an associative (face-name) recognition task and a single-item (face or name only) recognition task. Participants also underwent 3T structural MRI. RESULTS Compared with controls, alcoholics had poorer associative and single-item learning and performed at similar levels. Level of processing at encoding had little effect on recognition performance but affected reaction time (RT). Correlations with brain volumes were generally modest and based primarily on RT in alcoholics, where the deeper the processing at encoding, the more restricted the correlations with brain volumes. In alcoholics, longer control task RTs correlated modestly with smaller tissue volumes across several anterior to posterior brain regions; shallow encoding correlated with calcarine and striatal volumes; deep encoding correlated with precuneus and parietal volumes; and associative recognition RT correlated with cerebellar volumes. In controls, poorer associative recognition with deep encoding correlated significantly with smaller volumes of frontal and striatal structures. CONCLUSIONS Despite prompting, alcoholics did not take advantage of encoding memoranda at a deep level to enhance face-name recognition accuracy. Nonetheless, conditions of deeper encoding resulted in faster RTs and more specific relations with regional brain volumes than did shallow encoding. The normal relation between associative recognition and corticostriatal volumes was not present in alcoholics. Rather, their speeded RTs occurred at the expense of accuracy and were related most robustly to cerebellar volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Pitel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5723, USA
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40
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Paul VG, Rauch AV, Kugel H, Ter Horst L, Bauer J, Dannlowski U, Ohrmann P, Lindner C, Donges US, Kersting A, Egloff B, Suslow T. High responsivity to threat during the initial stage of perception in repression: a 3 T fMRI study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2011; 7:980-90. [PMID: 22133562 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsr080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repression designates coping strategies such as avoidance, or denial that aim to shield the organism from threatening stimuli. Derakshan et al. have proposed the vigilance-avoidance theory of repressive coping. It is assumed that repressors have an initial rapid vigilant response triggering physiological responses to threat stimuli. In the following second stage repressors manifest avoidant cognitive biases. Functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T was used to study neural correlates of repressive coping during the first stages of perception of threat. Pictures of human faces bearing fearful, angry, happy and neutral expressions were briefly presented masked by neutral faces. Forty study participants (20 repressive and 20 sensitizing individuals) were selected from a sample of 150 female students on the basis of their scores on the Mainz Coping Inventory. Repressors exhibited stronger neural activation than sensitizers primarily in response to masked threatening faces (vs neutral baseline) in the frontal, parietal and temporal cortex as well as in the cingulate gyrus, basal ganglia and insula. There was no brain region in which sensitizers showed increased activation to emotion expression compared to repressors. The present results are in line with the vigilance-avoidance theory which predicts heightened automatic responsivity to threatening stimuli in repression.
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Jehna M, Langkammer C, Wallner-Blazek M, Neuper C, Loitfelder M, Ropele S, Fuchs S, Khalil M, Pluta-Fuerst A, Fazekas F, Enzinger C. Cognitively preserved MS patients demonstrate functional differences in processing neutral and emotional faces. Brain Imaging Behav 2011; 5:241-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-011-9128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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