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Novakoski PV, de Vitt MG, Molosse VL, Xavier ACH, Wagner R, Klein B, Milarch CF, Leonardi LE, Kozloski GV, Vedovatto M, da Silva AS. The addition of curcumin to the diet of post-weaning dairy calves: effects on ruminal fermentation, immunological, and oxidative responses. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:142. [PMID: 38662082 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Incorporating Curcumin into animal diets holds significant promise for enhancing both animal health and productivity, with demonstrated positive impacts on antioxidant activity, anti-microbial responses. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether adding Curcumin to the diet of dairy calves would influence ruminal fermentation, hematologic, immunological, oxidative, and metabolism variables. Fourteen Jersey calves were divided into a control group (GCON) and a treatment group (GTRA). The animals in the GTRA received a diet containing 65.1 mg/kg of dry matter (DM) Curcumin (74% purity) for an experimental period of 90 days. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 15, 45, and 90. Serum levels of total protein and globulins were higher in the GTRA group (P < 0.05) than the GCON group. In the GTRA group, there was a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß and IL-6) (P < 0.05) and an increase in IL-10 (which acts on anti-inflammatory responses) (P < 0.05) when compared to the GCON. There was a significantly higher (P < 0.05) concentration of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the serum of the GTRA than the GCON. A Treatment × Day interaction was observed for haptoglobin levels, which were higher on day 90 in animals that consumed Curcumin than the GCON (P < 0.05). The catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in GTRA, reducing lipid peroxidation when compared to the GCONT. Hematologic variables did not differ significantly between groups. Among the metabolic variables, only urea was higher in the GTRA group when compared to the GCON. Body weight and feed efficiency did not differ between groups (meaning the percentage of apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). There was a tendency (P = 0.09) for treatment effect and a treatment x day interaction (P = 0.05) for levels of short-chain fatty acids in rumen fluid, being lower in animals that consumed curcumin. There was a treatment vs. day interaction (P < 0.05) for the concentration of acetate in the rumen fluid (i.e., on day 45, had a reduction in acetate; on day 90, values were higher in the GTRA group when compared to the GCON). We conclude that there was no evidence in the results from this preliminary trial that Curcumin in the diet of dairy calves interfered with feed digestibility. Curcumin may have potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune effects that may be desirable for the production system of dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vinicius Novakoski
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó - SC, Brazil
| | - Maksuel Gatto de Vitt
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó - SC, Brazil
| | - Vitor Luiz Molosse
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó - SC, Brazil
| | | | - Roger Wagner
- Department of Food Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Bruna Klein
- Department of Animal Science, UDESC, R. Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E - Santo Ant?nio, Chapecó - SC, 89815-630, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Vedovatto
- Dean Lee Research and Extension Center, Louisiana State University, Alexandria, LA, 71302, USA
| | - Aleksandro S da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, UDESC, R. Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E - Santo Ant?nio, Chapecó - SC, 89815-630, Brazil.
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2
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Ni H, Guo Z, Wu Y, Wang J, Yang Y, Zhu Z, Wang D. The crucial role that hippocampus Cyclooxygenase-2 plays in memory. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:4123-4136. [PMID: 37867375 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is activated to cause inflammation. However, COX-2 is also constitutively expressed at the postsynaptic dendrites and excitatory terminals of the cortical and spinal cord neurons. Although some evidence suggests that COX-2 release during neuronal signalling may be pivotal for regulating the function of memory, the significance of constitutively expressed COX-2 in neuron is still unclear. This research aims to discover the role of COX-2 in memory beyond neuroinflammation and to determine whether the inhibition of COX-2 can cause cognitive dysfunction by influencing dendritic plasticity and its underlying mechanism. We found COX-2 gene knockout (KO) could significantly impact the learning and memory ability, cause neuronal structure disorder and influence gamma oscillations. These might be mediated by the inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) E2/cAMP pathway and phosphorylated protein kinase A (p-PKA)-phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB)-brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) axis. It suggested COX-2 might play a critical role in learning, regulating neuronal structure and gamma oscillations in the hippocampus CA1 by regulating COX-2/BDNF signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ni
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongzhao Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilu Zhu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Deheng Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Kępińska-Pacelik J, Biel W. Turmeric and Curcumin-Health-Promoting Properties in Humans versus Dogs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14561. [PMID: 37834009 PMCID: PMC10572432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing popularity of the use of nutraceuticals in the prevention and alleviation of symptoms of many diseases in humans and dogs means that they are increasingly the subject of research. A representative of the nutraceutical that deserves special attention is turmeric. Turmeric belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and is grown extensively in Asia. It is a plant used as a spice and food coloring, and it is also used in traditional medicine. The biologically active factors that give turmeric its unusual properties and color are curcuminoids. It is a group of substances that includes curcumin, de-methoxycurcumin, and bis-demethoxycurcumin. Curcumin is used as a yellow-orange food coloring. The most important pro-health effects observed after taking curcuminoids include anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to characterize turmeric and its main substance, curcumin, in terms of their properties, advantages, and disadvantages, based on literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Kępińska-Pacelik
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wioletta Biel
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
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4
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Ulaganathan S, Pitchaimani A. Spontaneous and familial models of Alzheimer's disease: Challenges and advances in preclinical research. Life Sci 2023:121918. [PMID: 37422070 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that is progressive and irreversible in nature. Even after decades of dedicated research and paradigm-shifting hypotheses of AD etiology, very few well-founded credible improvements have been foreseen in understanding the actual underlying mechanisms involved in the development of the disorder. As for any disease to be well-comprehended, AD also requires optimal modelling strategies, which will then pave way for effective therapeutic interventions. Most of the clinical trials and research towards better treatment of AD fail in translation, due to the inefficacy of explored animal models to mimic the actual AD pathology, precisely. The majority of the existing AD models are developed based on the mutations found in the familial form of AD (fAD) which accounts for less than 5 % of the incidence of AD. Further, the investigations also face more challenges due to the additional complexities and lacunae found in etiology of sporadic form of AD (sAD), which accounts for 95 % of total AD. This review illustrates the gaps found in different models of AD, both sporadic and familial variants with additional focus on recent avenues for accurate simulation of AD pathology using in vitro and chimeric AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryapriya Ulaganathan
- Precision Nanomedicine and Microfluidic Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India
| | - Arunkumar Pitchaimani
- Precision Nanomedicine and Microfluidic Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India; School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, TN, India.
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Sun W, Shahrajabian MH. Therapeutic Potential of Phenolic Compounds in Medicinal Plants-Natural Health Products for Human Health. Molecules 2023; 28:1845. [PMID: 36838831 PMCID: PMC9960276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds and flavonoids are potential substitutes for bioactive agents in pharmaceutical and medicinal sections to promote human health and prevent and cure different diseases. The most common flavonoids found in nature are anthocyanins, flavones, flavanones, flavonols, flavanonols, isoflavones, and other sub-classes. The impacts of plant flavonoids and other phenolics on human health promoting and diseases curing and preventing are antioxidant effects, antibacterial impacts, cardioprotective effects, anticancer impacts, immune system promoting, anti-inflammatory effects, and skin protective effects from UV radiation. This work aims to provide an overview of phenolic compounds and flavonoids as potential and important sources of pharmaceutical and medical application according to recently published studies, as well as some interesting directions for future research. The keyword searches for flavonoids, phenolics, isoflavones, tannins, coumarins, lignans, quinones, xanthones, curcuminoids, stilbenes, cucurmin, phenylethanoids, and secoiridoids medicinal plant were performed by using Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar, and PubMed. Phenolic acids contain a carboxylic acid group in addition to the basic phenolic structure and are mainly divided into hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxybenzoic acids are based on a C6-C1 skeleton and are often found bound to small organic acids, glycosyl moieties, or cell structural components. Common hydroxybenzoic acids include gallic, syringic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, gentistic, and salicylic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are based on a C6-C3 skeleton and are also often bound to other molecules such as quinic acid and glucose. The main hydroxycinnamic acids are caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Sun
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13-4260-83836
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Lu B, Chen X, Chen H, Li Q, Li H, Xu Y, Li Y, Shen X, Jiang R. Demethoxycurcumin mitigates inflammatory responses in lumbar disc herniation via MAPK and NF-κB pathways in vivo and in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shabbir A, Rehman K, Akbar M, Hamid Akash MS. Neuroprotective potential of curcuminoids in modulating Alzheimer's Disease via multiple signaling pathways. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5560-5581. [PMID: 35674299 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220607161328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and frequent neurodegenerative disease of elderly people. In the 21st century, owing to the increasing prevalence of AD, there is a crucial need for finding better and effective pharmacotherapeutic approaches. This review article demonstrated the various sources and possible metabolic pathways of curcuminoids obtained from Curcuma longa herb, to prevent and treat AD but the information related to the metabolic fate of curcuminoids is deficient. Different in vitro and in vivo research studies demonstrating the mechanisms by which curcuminoids attenuated AD have been summarized. Administration of curcuminoids has been indicated to inhibit hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, deposition, and oligomerization of amyloid beta plaques in several AD models. Curcuminoids also chelate metals and form complexes, have antioxidant properties, mediates neuroinflammatory signaling pathways by modifying microglial cells activity, inhibit acetylcholinesterase activities and also modulates other associated signaling pathways including insulin signaling pathways and heme-oxygenase pathway. Briefly curcuminoids exhibit the capability to be more productive and efficacious compared to many recent treatments due to their antioxidant, delayed neuron degeneration and anti-inflammatory potential. Although their effectiveness as a curative agent is considered to be reduced due to their low bioavailability, If the issue of curcuminoids' low bioavailability is resolved then curcuminoid-based medications are hopefully on the horizon against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Shabbir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Moazzama Akbar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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8
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Effect of Curcumin in Experimental Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Antimycobacterial Activity in the Lungs and Anti-Inflammatory Effect in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041964. [PMID: 35216083 PMCID: PMC8876821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide. Patients with TB have been observed to suffer from depression and anxiety linked to social variables. Previous experiments found that the substantial pulmonary inflammation associated with TB causes neuroinflammation, neuronal death, and behavioral impairments in the absence of brain infection. Curcumin (CUR) is a natural product with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. In this work, we evaluated the CUR effect on the growth control of mycobacteria in the lungs and the anti-inflammatory effect in the brain using a model of progressive pulmonary TB in BALB/c mice infected with drug-sensitive mycobacteria (strain H37Rv). The results have shown that CUR decreased lung bacilli load and pneumonia of infected animals. Finally, CUR significantly decreased neuroinflammation (expression of TNFα, IFNγ and IL12) and slightly increased the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related to factor 2 (Nrf2) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, improving behavioral status. These results suggest that CUR has a bactericidal effect and can control pulmonary mycobacterial infection and reduce neuroinflammation. It seems that CUR has a promising potential as adjuvant therapy in TB treatment.
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9
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Himalian R, Singh SK, Singh MP. Ameliorative Role of Nutraceuticals on Neurodegenerative Diseases Using the Drosophila melanogaster as a Discovery Model to Define Bioefficacy. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:511-539. [PMID: 34125661 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1904305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is the destruction of neurons, and once the neurons degenerate they can't revive. This is one of the most concerned health conditions among aged population, more than ∼70% of the elderly people are suffering from neurodegeneration. Among all of the neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Poly-glutamine disease (Poly-Q) are the major one and affecting most of the people around the world and posing excessive burden on the society. In order to understand this disease in non-human animal models it is pertinent to examine in model organism and various animal model are being used for such diseases like rat, mice and non-vertebrate model like Drosophila. Drosophila melanogaster is one of the best animal proven by several eminent scientist and had received several Nobel prizes for uncovering mechanism of human related genes and highly efficient model for studying neurodegenerative diseases due to its great affinity with human disease-related genes. Another factor is also employed to act as therapeutic or preventive method that is nutraceuticals. Nutraceuticals are functional natural compounds with antioxidant properties and had extensively showed the neuroprotective effect in different organisms. These nutraceuticals having antioxidant properties act through scavenging free radicals or by increasing endogenous cellular antioxidant defense molecules. For the best benefit, we are trying to utilize these nutraceuticals, which will have no or negligible side effects. In this review, we are dealing with various types of such nutraceuticals which have potent value in the prevention and curing of the diseases related to neurodegeneration.HighlightsNeurodegeneration is the silently progressing disease which shows its symptoms when it is well rooted.Many chemical drugs (almost all) have only symptomatic relief with side effects.Potent mechanism of neurodegeneration and improvement effect by nutraceuticals is proposed.Based on the Indian Cuisine scientists are trying to find the medicine from the food or food components having antioxidant properties.The best model to study the neurodegenerative diseases is Drosophila melanogaster.Many nutraceuticals having antioxidant properties have been studied and attenuated various diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Himalian
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology (ISET) Foundation, Lucknow, India
| | - Mahendra Pratap Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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10
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Zahoor M, Yousaf Z, Yasin H, Shinwari ZK, Haroon M, Saleh N, Younas A, Aftab A, Shamsheer B, Qamar NR, Rashid M. Ethnobotanicals and commercial trends of herbal markets in Punjab, Pakistan. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Mehla J, Gupta P, Pahuja M, Diwan D, Diksha D. Indian Medicinal Herbs and Formulations for Alzheimer's Disease, from Traditional Knowledge to Scientific Assessment. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E964. [PMID: 33321899 PMCID: PMC7764187 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment, associated with ageing, stress, hypertension and various neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease and epilepsy, is a major health issue. The present review focuses on Alzheimer's disease (AD), since it is the most important cause of cognitive impairment. It is characterized by progressive memory loss, language deficits, depression, agitation, mood disturbances and psychosis. Although the hallmarks of AD are cholinergic dysfunction, β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangle formation, it is also associated with derangement of other neurotransmitters, elevated levels of advanced glycation end products, oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, genetic and environmental factors. On one hand, this complex etiopathology makes a response to commonly used drugs such as donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine and memantine less predictable and often unsatisfactory. On the other hand, it supports the use of herbal medicines due to their nonspecific antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and specific cholinesterase inhibitory activity. The popularity of herbal medicines is also increasing due to their perceived effectiveness, safety and affordability. In the present article, the experimental and clinical evidence have been reviewed for various Indian herbal medicines such as Centella asiatica, Bacopa monnieri, Curcuma longa, Clitoria ternatea, Withania somnifera, Celastrus paniculatus, Evolvulus alsinoides, Desmodium gangeticum, Eclipta alba, Moringa oleifera and Convolvulus pluricaulis, which have shown potential in cognitive impairment. Some commonly available herbal formulations for memory impairment in India have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogender Mehla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Monika Pahuja
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, V. Ramalingaswamy Bhawan, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Deepti Diwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Diksha Diksha
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
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12
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Yoon AJ, Wu H, Pan RD, Teter B, Cipolla J, Chang E, Avila LZ, Basak SK, Srivatsan ES, Wang MB, Cole GM, Frautschy SA, Hampton PD, Faull KF. A sensitive LC-MS assay using derivatization with boron trifluoride to quantify curcuminoids in biological samples. Anal Biochem 2020; 596:113636. [PMID: 32081619 PMCID: PMC10631463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A procedure is described to measure curcumin (C), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), tetrahydrocurcumim (TC) and their glucuronidated metabolites (CG, DMCG, and BDMCG) in plasma, brain, liver and tumor samples. The procedure involves converting the analytes to their boron difluoride derivatives and analyzing them by combined liquid chromatography coupled to an ion trap mass spectrometer operating in the negative ion MSn scan mode. The method has superb limits of detection of 0.01 nM for all curcuminoids and 0.5 nM for TC and the glucuroniated metabolites, and several representative chromatograms of biological samples containing these analytes are provided. In addition, the pharmacokinetic profile of these compounds in one human who daily consumed an over-the-counter curcuminoid product shows the peak and changes in circulating concentrations achieved by this mode of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Yoon
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Haiqiang Wu
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Roy D Pan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Bruce Teter
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jack Cipolla
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Edwin Chang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Saroj K Basak
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Health System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Surgery, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Health System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Eri S Srivatsan
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Health System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Surgery, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Health System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Head & Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Marilene B Wang
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Chemistry, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | - Greg M Cole
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sally A Frautschy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Phillip D Hampton
- Department of Chemistry, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | - Kym F Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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13
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Hamed MA, Mohammed MA, Aboul Naser AF, Matloub AA, Fayed DB, Ali SA, Khalil WK. Optimization of Curcuminoids Extraction for Evaluation Against Parkinson’s Disease in Rats. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PRODUCTS FROM NATURE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2019.1698317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manal A. Hamed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona A. Mohammed
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F. Aboul Naser
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azaa A. Matloub
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia B. Fayed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A. Ali
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K.B. Khalil
- Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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14
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Przybyłek M, Recki Ł, Mroczyńska K, Jeliński T, Cysewski P. Experimental and theoretical solubility advantage screening of bi-component solid curcumin formulations. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Qian Q, Zhang J, He FP, Bao WX, Zheng TT, Zhou DM, Pan HY, Zhang H, Zhang XQ, He X, Sun BG, Luo BY, Chen C, Peng GP. Down-regulated expression of microRNA-338-5p contributes to neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J 2018; 33:4404-4417. [PMID: 30576233 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801846r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia. However, the mechanisms responsible for development of AD, especially for the sporadic variant, are still not clear. In our previous study, we discovered that a small noncoding RNA (miR-188-3p) targeting β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE)-1, a key enzyme responsible for Aβ formation, plays an important role in the development of neuropathology in AD. In the present study, we identified that miR-338-5p, a new miRNA that also targets BACE1, contributes to AD neuropathology. We observed that expression of miR-338-5p was significantly down-regulated in the hippocampus of patients with AD and 5XFAD transgenic (TG) mice, an animal model of AD. Overexpression of miR-338-5p in the hippocampus of TG mice reduced BACE1 expression, Aβ formation, and neuroinflammation. Overexpression of miR-338-5p functionally prevented impairments in long-term synaptic plasticity, learning ability, and memory retention in TG mice. In addition, we provide evidence that down-regulated expression of miR-338-5p in AD is regulated through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results suggest that down-regulated expression of miR-338-5p plays an important role in the development of AD.-Qian, Q., Zhang, J., He, F.-P., Bao, W.-X., Zheng, T.-T., Zhou, D.-M., Pan, H.-Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, X.-Q., He, X., Sun, B.-G., Luo, B.-Y., Chen, C., Peng, G.-P. Down-regulated expression of microRNA-338-5p contributes to neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qian
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Jian Zhang
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Fang-Ping He
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wang-Xiao Bao
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yu Pan
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Gui Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ben-Yan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Guo-Ping Peng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Lin W, Zhang J, Liu Y, Wu R, Yang H, Hu X, Ling X. Studies on diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic mechanism of Alzheimer's disease through metabolomics and hippocampal proteomics. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 105:119-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ramkumar M, Rajasankar S, Gobi VV, Dhanalakshmi C, Manivasagam T, Justin Thenmozhi A, Essa MM, Kalandar A, Chidambaram R. Neuroprotective effect of Demethoxycurcumin, a natural derivative of Curcumin on rotenone induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY 5Y Neuroblastoma cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:217. [PMID: 28420370 PMCID: PMC5395846 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are the main toxic events leading to dopaminergic neuronal death in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and identified as vital objective for therapeutic intercession. This study investigated the neuro-protective effects of the demethoxycurcumin (DMC), a derivative of curcumin against rotenone induced neurotoxicity. Methods SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells are divided into four experimental groups: untreated cells, cells incubated with rotenone (100 nM), cells treated with DMC (50 nM) + rotenone (100 nM) and DMC alone treated. 24 h after treatment with rotenone and 28 h after treatment with DMC, cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, and levels of ROS and MMP, plus expression of apoptotic protein were analysed. Results Rotenone induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells was significantly reduced by DMC pretreatment in a dose-dependent manner, indicating the potent neuroprotective effects of DMC. Rotenone treatment significantly increases the levels of ROS, loss of MMP, release of Cyt-c and expression of pro-apoptotic markers and decreases the expression of anti-apoptotic markers. Conclusions Even though the results of the present study indicated that the DMC may serve as a potent therapeutic agent particularly for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like PD, further pre-clinical and clinical studies are required. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1720-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Amalraj A, Pius A, Gopi S, Gopi S. Biological activities of curcuminoids, other biomolecules from turmeric and their derivatives - A review. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 7:205-233. [PMID: 28417091 PMCID: PMC5388087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several drugs have been developed deriving from traditional products and current drug research is actively investigating the possible therapeutic roles of many Ayruvedic and Traditional Indian medicinal therapies. Among those being investigated is Turmeric. Its most important active ingredient is curcuminoids. Curcuminoids are phenolic compounds commonly used as a spice, pigment and additive also utilized as a therapeutic agent used in several foods. Comprehensive research over the last century has revealed several important functions of curcuminoids. Various preclinical cell culture and animals studies suggest that curcuminoids have extensive biological activity as an antioxidant, neuroprotective, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-acidogenic, radioprotective and arthritis. Different clinical trials also suggest a potential therapeutic role for curcuminoids in numerous chronic diseases such as colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the chemistry, analog, metal complex, formulations of curcuminoids and their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anitha Pius
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed University, Gandhigram, Dindigul, 624 302, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sreerag Gopi
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed University, Gandhigram, Dindigul, 624 302, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sreeraj Gopi
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs Pvt Ltd, Kolenchery, Cochin, India
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Ahmed T, Zahid S, Mahboob A, Farhat SM. Cholinergic System and Post-translational Modifications: An Insight on the Role in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:480-494. [PMID: 27012953 PMCID: PMC5543671 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160325121145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of old age dementia. The formation of amyloid plaques (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles and loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are the hallmark events in the pathology of AD. LITERATURE REVIEW Cholinergic system is one of the most important neurotransmitter system involved in learning and memory which preferentially degenerates in the initial stages of AD. Activation of cholinergic receptors (muscarinic and nicotinic) activates multiple pathways which result in post translational modifications (PTMs) in multiple proteins which bring changes in nervous system. Cholinergic receptors-mediated PTMs "in-part" substantially affect the biosynthesis, proteolysis, degradation and expression of many proteins and in particular, amyloid precursor protein (APP). APP is subjected to several PTMs (proteolytic processing, glycosylation, sulfation, and phosphorylation) during its course of processing, resulting in Aβ deposition, leading to AD. Aβ also alters the PTMs of tau which is a microtubule associated protein. Therefore, post-translationally modified tau and Aβ collectively aggravate the neuronal loss that leads to cholinergic hypofunction. CONCLUSION Despite the accumulating evidences, the interaction between cholinergic neurotransmission and the physiological significance of PTM events remain speculative and still needs further exploration. This review focuses on the role of cholinergic system and discusses the significance of PTMs in pathological progression of AD and highlights some important future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Zahid
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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Natural products against Alzheimer's disease: Pharmaco-therapeutics and biotechnological interventions. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 35:178-216. [PMID: 28043897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe, chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with memory and cognition impairment ultimately leading to death. It is the commonest reason of dementia in elderly populations mostly affecting beyond the age of 65. The pathogenesis is indicated by accumulation of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in brain tissues and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in neurons. The main cause is considered to be the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to oxidative stress. The current treatment provides only symptomatic relief by offering temporary palliative therapy which declines the rate of cognitive impairment associated with AD. Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is considered as one of the major therapeutic strategies offering only symptomatic relief and moderate disease-modifying effect. Other non-cholinergic therapeutic approaches include antioxidant and vitamin therapy, stem cell therapy, hormonal therapy, use of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications and selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, inhibition of β-secretase and γ-secretase and Aβ aggregation, inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation and intracellular NFT, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), transition metal chelators, insulin resistance drugs, etanercept, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) etc. Medicinal plants have been reported for possible anti-AD activity in a number of preclinical and clinical trials. Ethnobotany, being popular in China and in the Far East and possibly less emphasized in Europe, plays a substantial role in the discovery of anti-AD agents from botanicals. Chinese Material Medica (CMM) involving Chinese medicinal plants has been used traditionally in China in the treatment of AD. Ayurveda has already provided numerous lead compounds in drug discovery and many of these are also undergoing clinical investigations. A number of medicinal plants either in their crude forms or as isolated compounds have exhibited to reduce the pathological features associated with AD. In this present review, an attempt has been made to elucidate the molecular mode of action of various plant extracts, phytochemicals and traditional herbal formulations investigated against AD as reported in various preclinical and clinical tests. Herbal synergism often found in polyherbal formulations were found effective to combat disease heterogeneity as found in complex pathogenesis of AD. Finally a note has been added to describe biotechnological improvement, genetic and genomic resources and mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building associated with anti-AD plant secondary metabolites and their source botanicals.
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Kuruva CS, Reddy PH. Amyloid beta modulators and neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease: a critical appraisal. Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:223-233. [PMID: 27794478 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cellular changes have been identified as being involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, including mitochondrial damage, synaptic loss, amyloid beta (Aβ) production and/or accumulation, inflammatory responses, and phosphorylated tau formation and/or accumulation. Studies have established that Aβ-induced synaptic dysfunction is dependent on abnormal amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing caused by β- and γ-secretases, resulting in the generation of Aβ. The Aβ formed as a result of abnormal APP processing induces phosphorylated tau and activates glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5). Here, we review the latest research on the development of Aβ modulators for neuroprotection in AD. We also review the use of molecular inhibitors as therapeutic targets in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Sekhar Kuruva
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Ste. E, MS 7495, Lubbock, TX 79413, USA.
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Curcumin in depressive disorders: An overview of potential mechanisms, preclinical and clinical findings. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 784:192-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Rizwan S, Idrees A, Ashraf M, Ahmed T. Memory-enhancing effect of aspirin is mediated through opioid system modulation in an AlCl 3-induced neurotoxicity mouse model. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1961-1970. [PMID: 27168835 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimers disease (AD) are multifaceted and there are currently a limited number of therapeutic strategies available to treat them. Aspirin is known to act on multiple therapeutic targets and is a successful anti-inflammatory agent in various tissues. The present study aimed to ascertain the performance of aspirin when employed as a therapeutic agent to treat neurodegeneration on novel targets, including opioid system genes, in an AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity mouse model. The effects of two doses of aspirin (5 and 20 mg/kg aspirin for 12 days) were investigated in an AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity mouse model (150 mg/kg AlCl3 for 12 days). Neurological improvements were assessed through different behavioral tests and the effects of aspirin on opioid system gene expression levels were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Both doses resulted in improvements in cognitive behavior. A 5 mg/kg dose of aspirin was revealed to be effective for spatial memory improvement (7.14±0.84 sec), whilst a 20 mg/kg dose was superior for improving extinction learning (7.63±4.04%). Aspirin (5 mg/kg) also significantly improved contextual memory (48.05±10.6%) when compared with the AlCl3-treated group (1.49±0.62%; P<0.001). Aspirin was also observed to significantly decrease δ-opioid receptor expression in the cortex (1.09±0.08 and 1.27±0.08, respectively) at both doses (5 and 20 mg/kg) when compared with the AlCl3-treated group (3.69±1.43; P<0.05). Furthermore, aspirin at 5 mg/kg significantly reduced expression of prodynorphin in the cortex (0.57±0.20) when compared with the AlCl3-treated group (1.95±0.84; P<0.05). Notably, the effect of aspirin was significant in the cortex but not in the hippocampus. In summary, aspirin was effective in ameliorating the AD-like symptoms via the modulation of opioid systems. However, additional studies are required to determine the long term effects of aspirin on such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Rizwan
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Idrees
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Huang X, Tang G, Liao Y, Zhuang X, Dong X, Liu H, Huang XJ, Ye WC, Wang Y, Shi L. 7-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-4 E-hepten-3-one, a Diarylheptanoid from Alpinia officinarum, Protects Neurons against Amyloid-β Induced Toxicity. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1961-1967. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Huang
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, Jinan University
| | - Genyun Tang
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, Jinan University
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine
| | - Yumei Liao
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, Jinan University
| | - Xiaoji Zhuang
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, Jinan University
| | - Xiao Dong
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, Jinan University
| | - Hui Liu
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, Jinan University
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, Jinan University
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, Jinan University
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University
| | - Ying Wang
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, Jinan University
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University
| | - Lei Shi
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, Jinan University
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Jamil A, Mahboob A, Ahmed T. Ibuprofen targets neuronal pentraxins expresion and improves cognitive function in mouse model of AlCl 3-induced neurotoxicity. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:601-606. [PMID: 26893653 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum is known to exert neurotoxic effects associated with various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ibuprofen is a well-known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which has demonstrated potential efficacy in the treatment of numerous inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ibuprofen on cognitive function, and the expression levels of neuronal pentraxins (NPs) and interleukin (IL)-1β in an aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced mouse model of neurotoxicity. The effects of ibuprofen (100 mg/kg/day for 12 days) on learning and memory were evaluated in the AlCl3-induced neurotoxic mice using a Morris water maze and open field tests. In addition, ibuprofen was assessed for its effects on the expression levels of NPs and IL-1β in the hippocampus, cortex and amygdala of the brain. Treatment of the AlCl3-treated mice with ibuprofen decreased anxiety levels (6.90±0.34 min) compared with the AlCl3-treated group (1.80±0.29 min), as indicated by the time spent in the central area in an open field test. Furthermore, the expression levels of NP1 (1.32±0.47) and IL-1β (0.99±0.21) were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of mice following ibuprofen treatment, as compared with the AlCl3-treated mice (8.62±1.54 and 7.47±0.53, respectively). In the present study, ibuprofen was able to target novel structures in order to attenuate the inflammation associated with an AlCl3-induced mouse model of neurotoxicity; thus suggesting that ibuprofen may be considered a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Jamil
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Aamra Mahboob
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Syed H, Ikram MF, Yaqinuddin A, Ahmed T. Cyclooxygenase I and II inhibitors distinctly enhance hippocampal- and cortex-dependent cognitive functions in mice. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7649-56. [PMID: 26398269 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes are expressed in the brain; however, their role in hippocampus-dependent and cortex-dependent cognitive functions remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to comparatively investigate the effects of piroxicam, a selective COX-I inhibitor, and celecoxib, a selective COX‑II inhibitor, on cognitive functions in an AlCl3‑induced neurotoxicity mouse model to understand the specific role of each COX enzyme in the hippocampus and cortex. The AlCl3 (250 mg/kg) was administered to the mice in drinking water and the drugs were administered in feed for 30 days. Assessments of memory, including a Morris water maze, social behavior and nesting behavior were performed in control and treated mice. The RNA expression of the COX enzymes were analyzed using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. An ex‑vivo 2,2‑Diphenyl‑1‑picrylhydrazyl assay was performed in the hippocampus and cortex. Following 30 days of treatment with thedrugs, the mice in the celecoxib‑ and piroxicam‑treated groups exhibited enhanced learning (6.84 ± 0.76 and 9.20 ± 1.08, respectively), compared with the AlCl3‑induced neurotoxicity group (21.14 ± 0.76) on the fifth day of the Morris water maze test. Celecoxib treatment improved social affiliation in the AlCl3‑induced neurotoxicity group, the results of which were superior to piroxicam. Piroxicam led to better improvement in nesting score in the AlCl3‑induced neurotoxicity group. Both drugs decreased the expression levels of COX‑I and COX‑II in the hippocampus and cortex, and rescued oxidative stress levels. These findings suggested that each drug distinctly affected cognitive functions, highlighting the distinctive roles of COX-I and COX-II in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Syed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Atta‑ur‑Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Atta‑ur‑Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Malik S, Ahmad S, Sadiq A, Alam K, Wariss HM, Ahmad I, Hayat MQ, Anjum S, Mukhtar M. A comparative ethno-botanical study of Cholistan (an arid area) and Pothwar (a semi-arid area) of Pakistan for traditional medicines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2015; 11:31. [PMID: 25925727 PMCID: PMC4460735 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-015-0018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study is intended to compare and document the therapeutic flora, their remedial use, and the traditional knowledge used frequently by the residents of the Cholistan desert and Pothwar (Potohar) Plateau of Punjab, Pakistan. The old endemic remedies of these areas are diminishing due to lack of qualitative and quantitative research. METHODS The data was generated by unstructured-interviews, informal meetings, open-ended conversations and group discussions with local people and traditional health healers of the study area. Reported literature was also utilized. RESULTS The study recorded a list of various medicinal plants used as traditional medicines by local people. Total 86 numbers of plant species belonging to 38 families and 67 plant species belonging to 29 families have been reported in the Pothwar and Cholistan respectively. Only 10.5% of similar plant species were present in the studied areas. CONCLUSION The investigation revealed that the local people of study areas inherit a rich traditional knowledge but there is great danger of losing this wealth of knowledge in the near future. Documentation of the knowledge exclusively from desert area of Cholistan, Pakistan is unique information in its nature. The study presents the undocumented knowledge worth recognition that will not only help in conservation of medicinal plant species but will highlight the pharmacological capacity for improved human healthcare regarding many common ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Malik
- Medicinal Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Alia Sadiq
- Medicinal Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Khurshid Alam
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies (CIDS), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Wariss
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies (CIDS), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Imtiaz Ahmad
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies (CIDS), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Qasim Hayat
- Medicinal Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shazia Anjum
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies (CIDS), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Mukhtar
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, PO Box 10021, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.
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Srinivasan M, Lahiri DK. Significance of NF-κB as a pivotal therapeutic target in the neurodegenerative pathologies of Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:471-87. [PMID: 25652642 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.989834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in molecular pathogenesis suggest that the chronic inflammation is a shared mechanism in the initiation and progression of multiple neurodegenerative diseases with diverse clinical manifestations such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Multiple sclerosis (MS). Restricted cell renewal and regenerative capacity make the neural tissues extremely vulnerable to the uncontrolled inflammatory process leading to irreversible tissue damage. AREAS COVERED A predominant consequence of increased inflammatory signaling is the upregulation of the transcription factor, NF-κB with subsequent neuroprotective or deleterious effects depending on the strength of the signal and the type of NF-κB dimers activated. We discuss the interplay between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration keeping in focus NF-κB signaling as the point of convergence of multiple pathways associated with the development of the neurodegenerative pathologies, AD and MS. EXPERT OPINION Considerable interest exists in developing efficient NF-κB inhibitors for neurodegenerative diseases. The review includes an overview of natural compounds and rationally designed agents that inhibit NF-κB and mediate neuroprotection in AD and MS. The key chemical moieties of the natural and the synthetic compounds provide efficient leads for the development of effective small molecule inhibitors that selectively target NF-κB activation; this would result in the desired benefit to risk therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythily Srinivasan
- Indiana University School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine , Indianapolis, IN , USA +1 317 278 9686 ; +1 317 278 3018 ;
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Bigford GE, Del Rossi G. Supplemental substances derived from foods as adjunctive therapeutic agents for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. Adv Nutr 2014; 5:394-403. [PMID: 25022989 PMCID: PMC4085188 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.005264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders and diseases (NDDs) that are either chronically acquired or triggered by a singular detrimental event are a rapidly growing cause of disability and/or death. In recent times, there have been major advancements in our understanding of various neurodegenerative disease states that have revealed common pathologic features or mechanisms. The many mechanistic parallels discovered between various neurodegenerative diseases suggest that a single therapeutic approach may be used to treat multiple disease conditions. Of late, natural compounds and supplemental substances have become an increasingly attractive option to treat NDDs because there is growing evidence that these nutritional constituents have potential adjunctive therapeutic effects (be it protective or restorative) on various neurodegenerative diseases. Here we review relevant experimental and clinical data on supplemental substances (i.e., curcuminoids, rosmarinic acid, resveratrol, acetyl-L-carnitine, and ω-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids) that have demonstrated encouraging therapeutic effects on chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and neurodegeneration resulting from acute adverse events, such as traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E Bigford
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - Gianluca Del Rossi
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
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Liu Y, Song M, Che TM, Lee JJ, Bravo D, Maddox CW, Pettigrew JE. Dietary plant extracts modulate gene expression profiles in ileal mucosa of weaned pigs after an Escherichia coli infection. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2050-62. [PMID: 24663182 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to characterize the effects of infection with a pathogenic F-18 Escherichia coli and 3 different plant extracts on gene expression of ileal mucosa in weaned pigs. Weaned pigs (total = 64, 6.3 ± 0.2 kg BW, and 21-d old) were housed in individual pens for 15 d, 4 d before and 11 d after the first inoculation (d 0). Treatments were in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement: with or without an F-18 E. coli challenge and 4 diets (a nursery basal, control diet [CON], 10 ppm of capsicum oleoresin [CAP], garlic botanical [GAR], or turmeric oleoresin [TUR]). Results reported elsewhere showed that the plant extracts reduced diarrhea in challenged pigs. Total RNA (4 pigs/treatment) was extracted from ileal mucosa of pigs at d 5 post inoculation. Double-stranded cDNA was amplified, labeled, and further hybridized to the microarray, and data were analyzed in R. Differential gene expression was tested by fitting a mixed linear model in a 2 × 4 factorial ANOVA. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted by DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.7 (DAVID; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [NIAID, NIH], http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov). The E. coli infection altered (P < 0.05) the expression of 240 genes in pigs fed the CON (148 up- and 92 down-regulated). Compared with the infected CON, feeding CAP, GAR, or TUR altered (P < 0.05) the expression of 52 genes (18 up, 34 down), 117 genes (34 up- and 83 down-regulated), or 84 genes (16 up- and 68 down-regulated), respectively, often counteracting the effects of E. coli. The E. coli infection up-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes related to the activation of immune response and complement and coagulation cascades, but down-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes involved in protein synthesis and accumulation. Compared with the CON, feeding CAP and GAR increased (P < 0.05) the expression of genes related to integrity of membranes in infected pigs, indicating enhanced gut mucosa health. Moreover, feeding all 3 plant extracts reduced (P < 0.05) the expression of genes associated with antigen presentation or other biological processes of immune responses, indicating they attenuated overstimulation of immune responses caused by E. coli. These findings may explain why diarrhea was reduced and clinical immune responses were ameliorated in infected pigs fed plant extracts. In conclusion, plant extracts altered the expression of genes in ileal mucosa of E. coli-infected pigs, perhaps leading to the reduction in diarrhea reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Animal Sciences and
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Ahmed T, Gilani AH. Therapeutic potential of turmeric in Alzheimer's disease: curcumin or curcuminoids? Phytother Res 2013; 28:517-25. [PMID: 23873854 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. There is limited choice in modern therapeutics, and drugs available have limited success with multiple side effects in addition to high cost. Hence, newer and alternate treatment options are being explored for effective and safer therapeutic targets to address AD. Turmeric possesses multiple medicinal uses including treatment for AD. Curcuminoids, a mixture of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, are vital constituents of turmeric. It is generally believed that curcumin is the most important constituent of the curcuminoid mixture that contributes to the pharmacological profile of parent curcuminoid mixture or turmeric. A careful literature study reveals that the other two constituents of the curcuminoid mixture also contribute significantly to the effectiveness of curcuminoids in AD. Therefore, it is emphasized in this review that each component of the curcuminoid mixture plays a distinct role in making curcuminoid mixture useful in AD, and hence, the curcuminoid mixture represents turmeric in its medicinal value better than curcumin alone. The progress in understanding the disease etiology demands a multiple-site-targeted therapy, and the curcuminoid mixture of all components, each with different merits, makes this mixture more promising in combating the challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touqeer Ahmed
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12 Kashmir Highway, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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Abstract
Curcumin is a component of turmeric, a spice used in many types of cooking. Epidemiological evidence suggesting that populations that eat food with a substantial amount of curcumin were at lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) led to the idea that this compound might have a neuroprotective effect. Curcumin has substantial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and is being used as a potential preventative agent or treatment for many types of cancer. There is evidence to suggest that the addition of curcumin to cultured neuronal cells decreases brain inflammation and protects against β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Curcumin also protects against toxicity when β-amyloid is administered to produce animal models of AD. Curcumin decreases β-amyloid formation from amyloid precursor protein, and also inhibits aggregation of β-amyloid into pleated sheets. Studies in transgenic mice with overproduction of β-amyloid demonstrate a neuroprotective effect of curcumin as well. Cognitive function was also improved in these animal models. Clinical trials of curcumin in AD have not been very promising. It is possible that this is due to poor oral bioavailability of curcumin in humans, and thus several approaches are being developed to improve delivery systems or to create analogs that will mimic the neuroprotective effects and easily reach the brain. The lack of efficacy of curcumin in humans with AD may also result from treating for too short a time or starting treatment too late in the course of the disease, where substantial neuronal death has already occurred and cannot be reversed. Curcumin may be beneficial in protecting against development or progression of AD if taken over the long term and started before symptoms of AD become apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela E Potter
- Department of Pharmacology, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
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Lecanu L, Papadopoulos V. Modeling Alzheimer's disease with non-transgenic rat models. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2013; 5:17. [PMID: 23634826 PMCID: PMC3706888 DOI: 10.1186/alzrt171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), for which there is no cure, is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Despite tremendous efforts by the scientific community, the AD drug development pipeline remains extremely limited. Animal models of disease are a cornerstone of any drug development program and should be as relevant as possible to the disease, recapitulating the disease phenotype with high fidelity, to meaningfully contribute to the development of a successful therapeutic agent. Over the past two decades, transgenic models of AD based on the known genetic origins of familial AD have significantly contributed to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of the disease. These models were extensively used in AD drug development. The numerous reported failures of new treatments for AD in clinical trials indicate that the use of genetic models of AD may not represent the complete picture of AD in humans and that other types of animal models relevant to the sporadic form of the disease, which represents 95% of AD cases, should be developed. In this review, we will discuss the evolution of non-transgenic rat models of AD and how these models may open new avenues for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Lecanu
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine avenue West, room L2-05, Montreal H3A 1A1, QC, Canada ; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine avenue West, room L2-05, Montreal H3A 1A1, QC, Canada
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine avenue West, room L2-05, Montreal H3A 1A1, QC, Canada ; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine avenue West, room L2-05, Montreal H3A 1A1, QC, Canada ; Departments of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Sciences Bldg, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, room 1325, Montreal Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
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The effect of cyclodextrin-solubilized curcuminoids on amyloid plaques in Alzheimer transgenic mice: brain uptake and metabolism after intravenous and subcutaneous injection. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2013; 5:16. [PMID: 23537472 PMCID: PMC3706801 DOI: 10.1186/alzrt170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Curcuminoids may improve pathological conditions associated with Alzheimer's disease. However, their therapeutic potential is limited by their exceedingly low bioavailability after oral administration. A method to deliver solubilized curcuminoids by injection was evaluated in Alzheimer transgenic mice. Methods Amyloid protein precursor (APP)SWE, PS1dE9 mice were intravenously or subcutaneously injected at weekly intervals between the ages of 4 and 12 months with serum- or cyclodextrin-solubilized curcuminoids to assess their potential for plaque prevention. Alternatively, mice between the ages of 11 and 12 months were intravenously injected with cyclodextrin-solubilized curcuminoids at biweekly intervals to evaluate their ability to eliminate existing plaques. Plasma and brain levels of curcuminoids and their metabolites were also determined after subcutaneous and intravenous injection. Results Weekly long-term injections did not result in a significant plaque load reduction. However, intravenous injection of cyclodextrin-solubilized curcuminoids at higher curcuminoid concentrations and at a biweekly frequency between the ages of 11 and 12 months reduced the plaque load to approximately 70% of the control value. After intravenous injection, plasma levels of 100 μM curcuminoids and brain levels of 47 nmol/g could initially be achieved that declined to essentially undetectable levels within 20 minutes. The primary curcuminoid metabolites in plasma were the conjugates of glucuronide or sulfate and hexahydrocurcuminoids as reduction products. In the brain, both hexahydrocurcuminoids and octahydrocurcuminoids were detected as major metabolites. After subcutaneous injection, maximal curcuminoid plasma levels of 23 μM and brain levels of 8 nmol/g were observed at 30 minutes after injection and curcuminoids remained detectable for 2 to 3 h. Conclusion Curcuminoids are rapidly metabolized after injection and their effect on reducing plaque load associated with Alzheimer's disease may be dependent on the frequency of administration.
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Aqeel Y, Iqbal J, Siddiqui R, Gilani AH, Khan NA. Anti-Acanthamoebic properties of resveratrol and demethoxycurcumin. Exp Parasitol 2012; 132:519-23. [PMID: 23010569 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba is an opportunist protist pathogen that is known to infect the cornea to produce eye keratitis and the central nervous system to produce fatal granulomatous encephalitis. Early diagnosis, followed by aggressive treatment using a combination of drugs is a prerequisite in successful treatment but even then, prognosis remains poor due to lack of effective drugs. The overall aim of the present study was to determine the anti-Acanthamoebic potential of natural compounds, resveratrol and curcuminoids. Adhesion and cytotoxicity assays were performed using primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells, which constitute the blood-brain barrier. Pre-exposure of organisms to 100 μg resveratrol and demethoxy curcumin prevented amoeba binding by 57% and 73%, respectively, while cytotoxicity of host cells was inhibited by 86%. In an assay for viability of amoebae in the absence of host cells, resveratrol and de-methoxy curcumin exhibited significant amoebicidal effects (23% and 25%, respectively) at 100 μg concentrations (P<0.01). Neither resveratrol nor demethoxycurcumin had any effect on the proteolytic activities of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Of both compounds, resveratrol is of most interest for further investigation, because of the selective toxicity of resveratrol on A. castellanii but not the human brain microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf Aqeel
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Narasingappa RB, Narasingapa RB, Javagal MR, Jargaval MR, Pullabhatla S, Htoo HH, Rao JKS, Hernandez JF, Govitrapong P, Vincent B. Activation of α-secretase by curcumin-aminoacid conjugates. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 424:691-6. [PMID: 22796219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular senile plaques observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients are mainly composed of amyloid peptides produced from the β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) by β- and γ-secretases. A third non-amyloidogenic α-secretase activity performed by the disintegrins ADAM10 and ADAM17 occurs in the middle of the amyloid-β peptide Aβ and liberates the large sAPPα neuroprotective fragment. Since the activation of α-secretase recently emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to treat AD, the identification of natural compounds able to trigger this cleavage is highly required. Here we describe new curcumin-based modified compounds as α-secretase activators. We established that the aminoacid conjugates curcumin-isoleucine, curcumin-phenylalanine and curcumin-valine promote the constitutive α-secretase activity and increase ADAM10 immunoreactivity. Strickingly, experiments carried out under conditions mimicking the PKC/muscarinic receptor-regulated pathway display different patterns of activation by these compounds. Altogether, our data identified new lead natural compounds for the future development of powerful and stable α-secretase activators and established that some of these molecules are able to discriminate between the constitutive and regulated α-secretase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh B Narasingappa
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Demethoxycurcumin Retards Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Human Brain Malignant Glioma GBM 8401 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:396573. [PMID: 22454662 PMCID: PMC3291079 DOI: 10.1155/2012/396573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Demethoxycurcumin (DMC; a curcumin-related demethoxy compound) has been recently shown to display antioxidant and antitumor activities. It has also produced a potent chemopreventive action against cancer. In the present study, the antiproliferation (using the MTT assay, DMC was found to have cytotoxic activities against GBM 8401 cell with IC50 values at 22.71 μM) and induced apoptosis effects of DMC have been investigated in human brain malignant glioma GBM 8401 cells. We have studied the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), DNA fragmentation, caspase activation, and NF-κB transcriptional factor activity. By these approaches, our results indicated that DMC has produced an inhibition of cell proliferation as well as the activation of apoptosis in GBM 8401 cells. Both effects were observed to increase in proportion with the dosage of DMC treatment, and the apoptosis was induced by DMC in human brain malignant glioma GBM 8401 cells via mitochondria- and caspase-dependent pathways.
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