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Xu Y, Tang L, Zhou C, Sun L, Hu Y, Zhang Z, Xia S, Bao X, Yang H, Xu Y. Inhibition of ADORA3 promotes microglial phagocytosis and alleviates chronic ischemic white matter injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14742. [PMID: 38715283 PMCID: PMC11076989 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine A3 receptor (ADORA3) belongs to the adenosine receptor families and the role of ADORA3 in vascular dementia (VaD) is largely unexplored. The present study sought to determine the therapeutic role of ADORA3 antagonist in a mouse model of VaD. METHODS The GSE122063 dataset was selected to screen the differential expression genes and pathways between VaD patients and controls. A mouse model of bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) was established. The cognitive functions were examined by the novel object recognition test, Y maze test, and fear of conditioning test. The white matter injury (WMI) was examined by 9.4 T MRI, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. The mechanisms of ADORA3-regulated phagocytosis by microglia were examined using qPCR, western blot, dual immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry. RESULTS The expression of ADORA3 was elevated in brain tissues of VaD patients and ADORA3 was indicated as a key gene for VaD in the GSE122063. In BCAS mice, the expression of ADORA3 was predominantly elevated in microglia in the corpus callosum. ADORA3 antagonist promotes microglial phagocytosis to myelin debris by facilitating cAMP/PKA/p-CREB pathway and thereby ameliorates WMI and cognitive impairment in BCAS mice. The therapeutic effect of ADORA3 antagonist was partially reversed by the inhibition of the cAMP/PKA pathway. CONCLUSIONS ADORA3 antagonist alleviates chronic ischemic WMI by modulating myelin clearance of microglia, which may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Limoran Tang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Yujie Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Shengnan Xia
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
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Ikegami K. Circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:14. [PMID: 38431563 PMCID: PMC10908160 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Intraocular pressure (IOP) plays a crucial role in glaucoma development, involving the dynamics of aqueous humor (AH). AH flows in from the ciliary body and exits through the trabecular meshwork (TM). IOP follows a circadian rhythm synchronized with the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the circadian pacemaker. The SCN resets peripheral clocks through sympathetic nerves or adrenal glucocorticoids (GCs). IOP's circadian rhythm is governed by circadian time signals, sympathetic noradrenaline (NE), and GCs, rather than the local clock. The activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in non-pigmented epithelial cells in the ciliary body can influence the nocturnal increase in IOP by enhancing AH inflow. Conversely, NE, not GCs, can regulate the IOP rhythm by suppressing TM macrophage phagocytosis and AH outflow. The activation of the β1-adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated EPAC-SHIP1 signal through the ablation of phosphatidylinositol triphosphate may govern phagocytic cup formation. These findings could offer insights for better glaucoma management, such as chronotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ikegami
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Matt RA, Martin RS, Evans AK, Gever JR, Vargas GA, Shamloo M, Ford AP. Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Pharmacology in Neurodegenerative Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37495851 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Adrenoceptors (ARs) throughout the brain are stimulated by noradrenaline originating mostly from neurons of the locus coeruleus, a brainstem nucleus that is ostensibly the earliest to show detectable pathology in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The α1-AR, α2-AR, and β-AR subtypes expressed in target brain regions and on a range of cell populations define the physiological responses to noradrenaline, which includes activation of cognitive function in addition to modulation of neurometabolism, cerebral blood flow, and neuroinflammation. As these heterocellular functions are critical for maintaining brain homeostasis and neuronal health, combating the loss of noradrenergic tone from locus coeruleus degeneration may therefore be an effective treatment for both cognitive symptoms and disease modification in neurodegenerative indications. Two pharmacologic approaches are receiving attention in recent clinical studies: preserving noradrenaline levels (e.g., via reuptake inhibition) and direct activation of target adrenoceptors. Here, we review the expression and role of adrenoceptors in the brain, the preclinical studies which demonstrate that adrenergic stimulation can support cognitive function and cerebral health by reversing the effects of noradrenaline depletion, and the human data provided by pharmacoepidemiologic analyses and clinical trials which together identify adrenoceptors as promising targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew K Evans
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Hu Y, Hill RA, Yoshimura M. Role of Adenylyl Cyclase Type 7 in Functions of BV-2 Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010347. [PMID: 36613790 PMCID: PMC9820266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the role of adenylyl cyclase type 7 (AC7) in microglia's immune function, we generated AC7 gene knockout (AC7 KO) clones from a mouse microglial cell line, BV-2, using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system. The ability of BV-2 cells to generate cAMP and their innate immune functions were examined in the presence or absence of ethanol. The parental BV-2 cells showed robust cAMP production when stimulated with prostaglandin-E1 (PGE1) and ethanol increased cAMP production in a dose-dependent manner. AC7 KO clones of BV-2 cells showed diminished and ethanol-insensitive cAMP production. The phagocytic activity of the parental BV-2 cells was inhibited in the presence of PGE1; AC7 KO BV-2 cells showed lower and PGE1-insensitive phagocytic activity. Innate immune activities of the parental BV-2 cells, including bacterial killing, nitric oxide synthesis, and expression of arginase 1 and interleukin 10 were activated as expected with small effects of ethanol. However, the innate immune activities of AC7 KO cells were either drastically diminished or not detected. The data presented suggest that AC7 has an important role in the innate immune functions of microglial cells. AC7's involvement in ethanol's effects on immune functions remains unclear. Further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Hu
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Hill
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Masami Yoshimura
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+1-225-578-9759
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Weidinger D, Jamal Jameel K, Alisch D, Jacobsen J, Bürger P, Ruhe M, Yusuf F, Rohde S, Störtkuhl K, Kaufmann P, Kronsbein J, Peters M, Hatt H, Giannakis N, Knobloch J. OR2AT4 and OR1A2 counterregulate molecular pathophysiological processes of steroid-resistant inflammatory lung diseases in human alveolar macrophages. Mol Med 2022; 28:150. [PMID: 36503361 PMCID: PMC9743598 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic options for steroid-resistant non-type 2 inflammation in obstructive lung diseases are lacking. Alveolar macrophages are central in the progression of these diseases by releasing proinflammatory cytokines, making them promising targets for new therapeutic approaches. Extra nasal expressed olfactory receptors (ORs) mediate various cellular processes, but clinical data are lacking. This work investigates whether ORs in human primary alveolar macrophages could impact pathophysiological processes and could be considered as therapeutic targets. METHODS Human primary alveolar macrophages were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavages of 50 patients with pulmonary diseases. The expression of ORs was validated using RT-PCR, immunocytochemical staining, and Western blot. Changes in intracellular calcium levels were analyzed in real-time by calcium imaging. A luminescent assay was used to measure the cAMP concentration after OR stimulation. Cytokine secretion was measured in cell supernatants 24 h after stimulation by ELISA. Phagocytic ability was measured by the uptake of fluorescent-labeled beads by flow cytometry. RESULTS We demonstrated the expression of functional OR2AT4 and OR1A2 on mRNA and protein levels. Both ORs were primarily located in the plasma membrane. Stimulation with Sandalore, the ligand of OR2AT4, and Citronellal, the ligand of OR1A2, triggered a transient increase of intracellular calcium and cAMP. In the case of Sandalore, this calcium increase was based on a cAMP-dependent signaling pathway. Stimulation of alveolar macrophages with Sandalore and Citronellal reduced phagocytic capacity and release of proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION These are the first indications for utilizing olfactory receptors as therapeutic target molecules in treating steroid-resistant lung diseases with non-type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weidinger
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kaschin Jamal Jameel
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Desiree Alisch
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Jacobsen
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Paul Bürger
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruhe
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Faisal Yusuf
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Simon Rohde
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Klemens Störtkuhl
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XAG Physiology of Senses, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Kaufmann
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Juliane Kronsbein
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcus Peters
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Giannakis
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Knobloch
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
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Gutiérrez IL, Dello Russo C, Novellino F, Caso JR, García-Bueno B, Leza JC, Madrigal JLM. Noradrenaline in Alzheimer's Disease: A New Potential Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116143. [PMID: 35682822 PMCID: PMC9181823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence demonstrates the important role of the noradrenergic system in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative processes, especially Alzheimer’s disease, due to its ability to control glial activation and chemokine production resulting in anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Noradrenaline involvement in this disease was first proposed after finding deficits of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus from Alzheimer’s disease patients. Based on this, it has been hypothesized that the early loss of noradrenergic projections and the subsequent reduction of noradrenaline brain levels contribute to cognitive dysfunctions and the progression of neurodegeneration. Several studies have focused on analyzing the role of noradrenaline in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. In this review we summarize some of the most relevant data describing the alterations of the noradrenergic system normally occurring in Alzheimer’s disease as well as experimental studies in which noradrenaline concentration was modified in order to further analyze how these alterations affect the behavior and viability of different nervous cells. The combination of the different studies here presented suggests that the maintenance of adequate noradrenaline levels in the central nervous system constitutes a key factor of the endogenous defense systems that help prevent or delay the development of Alzheimer’s disease. For this reason, the use of noradrenaline modulating drugs is proposed as an interesting alternative therapeutic option for Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene L. Gutiérrez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Cinzia Dello Russo
- Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Fabiana Novellino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Javier R. Caso
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Juan C. Leza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
| | - José L. M. Madrigal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-394-1463
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Ikegami K, Masubuchi S. Suppression of trabecular meshwork phagocytosis by norepinephrine is associated with nocturnal increase in intraocular pressure in mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:339. [PMID: 35396348 PMCID: PMC8993819 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important factor in glaucoma development, which involves aqueous humor (AH) dynamics, with inflow from the ciliary body and outflow through the trabecular meshwork (TM). IOP has a circadian rhythm entrained by sympathetic noradrenaline (NE) or adrenal glucocorticoids (GCs). Herein, we investigated the involvement of GC/NE in AH outflow. Pharmacological prevention of inflow/outflow in mice indicated a diurnal outflow increase, which was related to TM phagocytosis. NE showed a non-self-sustained inhibition in phagocytosis of immortalized human TM cells, but not GC. The pharmacological and reverse genetic approaches identified β1-adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated exchange proteins directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (EPAC)-SHIP1 signal activation by ablation of phosphatidylinositol triphosphate, regulating phagocytic cup formation. Furthermore, we revealed the phagocytosis involvement in the β1-AR-EPAC-SHIP1-mediated nocturnal IOP rise in mice. These suggest that TM phagocytosis suppression by NE can regulate IOP rhythm through AH outflow. This discovery may aid glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ikegami
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazako-karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Satoru Masubuchi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazako-karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
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8
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Choi KM, Haak AJ, Diaz Espinosa AM, Cummins KA, Link PA, Aravamudhan A, Wood DK, Tschumperlin DJ. GPCR-mediated YAP/TAZ inactivation in fibroblasts via EPAC1/2, RAP2C, and MAP4K7. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7759-7774. [PMID: 34046891 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) have emerged as important regulators of pathologic fibroblast activation in fibrotic diseases. Agonism of Gαs-coupled G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) provides an attractive approach to inhibit the nuclear localization and function of YAP and TAZ in fibroblasts that inhibits or reverses their pathological activation. Agonism of the dopamine D1 GPCR has proven effective in preclinical models of lung and liver fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanisms coupling GPCR agonism to YAP and TAZ inactivation in fibroblasts remain incompletely understood. Here, using human lung fibroblasts, we identify critical roles for the cAMP effectors EPAC1/2, the small GTPase RAP2c, and the serine/threonine kinase MAP4K7 as the essential elements in the downstream signaling cascade linking GPCR agonism to LATS1/2-mediated YAP and TAZ phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion in fibroblasts. We further show that this EPAC/RAP2c/MAP4K7 signaling cascade is essential to the effects of dopamine D1 receptor agonism on reducing fibroblast proliferation, contraction, and extracellular matrix production. Targeted modulation of this cascade in fibroblasts may prove a useful strategy to regulate YAP and TAZ signaling and fibroblast activities central to tissue repair and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Moo Choi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew J Haak
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ana M Diaz Espinosa
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Katherine A Cummins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Patrick A Link
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aja Aravamudhan
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David K Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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9
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Guijarro-Belmar A, Domanski DM, Bo X, Shewan D, Huang W. The therapeutic potential of targeting exchange protein directly activated by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (Epac) for central nervous system trauma. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:460-469. [PMID: 32985466 PMCID: PMC7996029 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.293256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are affected by traumatic spinal cord injury, which usually results in permanent sensorimotor disability. Damage to the spinal cord leads to a series of detrimental events including ischaemia, haemorrhage and neuroinflammation, which over time result in further neural tissue loss. Eventually, at chronic stages of traumatic spinal cord injury, the formation of a glial scar, cystic cavitation and the presence of numerous inhibitory molecules act as physical and chemical barriers to axonal regrowth. This is further hindered by a lack of intrinsic regrowth ability of adult neurons in the central nervous system. The intracellular signalling molecule, cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP), is known to play many important roles in the central nervous system, and elevating its levels as shown to improve axonal regeneration outcomes following traumatic spinal cord injury in animal models. However, therapies directly targeting cAMP have not found their way into the clinic, as cAMP is ubiquitously present in all cell types and its manipulation may have additional deleterious effects. A downstream effector of cAMP, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2 (Epac2), is mainly expressed in the adult central nervous system, and its activation has been shown to mediate the positive effects of cAMP on axonal guidance and regeneration. Recently, using ex vivo modelling of traumatic spinal cord injury, Epac2 activation was found to profoundly modulate the post-lesion environment, such as decreasing the activation of astrocytes and microglia. Pilot data with Epac2 activation also suggested functional improvement assessed by in vivo models of traumatic spinal cord injury. Therefore, targeting Epac2 in traumatic spinal cord injury could represent a novel strategy in traumatic spinal cord injury repair, and future work is needed to fully establish its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Guijarro-Belmar
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen; Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dominik Mateusz Domanski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Xuenong Bo
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Derryck Shewan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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10
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Tong R, Pan S, Pan L, Zhang L. Effects of biogenic amines on the immune response and immunoregulation mechanism in hemocytes of Litopenaeus vannamei in vitro. Mol Immunol 2020; 128:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Epac2 Elevation Reverses Inhibition by Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans In Vitro and Transforms Postlesion Inhibitory Environment to Promote Axonal Outgrowth in an Ex Vivo Model of Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurosci 2019; 39:8330-8346. [PMID: 31409666 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0374-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of patients suffer from debilitating spinal cord injury (SCI) without effective treatments. Elevating cAMP promotes CNS neuron growth in the presence of growth-inhibiting molecules. cAMP's effects on neuron growth are partly mediated by Epac, comprising Epac1 and Epac2; the latter predominantly expresses in postnatal neural tissue. Here, we hypothesized that Epac2 activation would enhance axonal outgrowth after SCI. Using in vitro assays, we demonstrated, for the first time, that Epac2 activation using a specific soluble agonist (S-220) significantly enhanced neurite outgrowth of postnatal rat cortical neurons and markedly overcame the inhibition by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and mature astrocytes on neuron growth. We further investigated the novel potential of Epac2 activation in promoting axonal outgrowth by an ex vivo rat model of SCI mimicking post-SCI environment in vivo and by delivering S-220 via a self-assembling Fmoc-based hydrogel that has suitable properties for SCI repair. We demonstrated that S-220 significantly enhanced axonal outgrowth across the lesion gaps in the organotypic spinal cord slices, compared with controls. Furthermore, we elucidated, for the first time, that Epac2 activation profoundly modulated the lesion environment by reducing astrocyte/microglial activation and transforming astrocytes into elongated morphology that guided outgrowing axons. Finally, we showed that S-220, when delivered by the gel at 3 weeks after contusion SCI in male adult rats, resulted in significantly better locomotor performance for up to 4 weeks after treatment. Our data demonstrate a promising therapeutic potential of S-220 in SCI, via beneficial effects on neurons and glia after injury to facilitate axonal outgrowth.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT During development, neuronal cAMP levels decrease significantly compared with the embryonic stage when the nervous system is established. This has important consequences following spinal cord injury, as neurons fail to regrow. Elevating cAMP levels encourages injured CNS neurons to sprout and extend neurites. We have demonstrated that activating its downstream effector, Epac2, enhances neurite outgrowth in vitro, even in the presence of an inhibitory environment. Using a novel biomaterial-based drug delivery system in the form of a hydrogel to achieve local delivery of an Epac2 agonist, we further demonstrated that specific activation of Epac2 enhances axonal outgrowth and minimizes glial activation in an ex vivo model of spinal cord injury, suggesting a new strategy for spinal cord repair.
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Abstract
Emotional memory deficit is a well-known complication in early Parkinson's disease. However, its molecular mechanism is still not well known. To address this issue, we examined the cue-related fear-conditioning task and long-term potentiation (LTP) of the thalamus to the lateral amygdala in rats treated with low doses of reserpine (Res). We found that low-dose Res treatment impaired emotional memory and LTP. We also found that exogenous upregulation of norepinephrine (NE) ameliorated the impairment of LTP by facilitating β-adrenergic receptors. Finally, acute treatment with NE or desipramine rescued the impaired emotional memory induced by a low-dose of Res. These results imply a pivotal role for NE in synaptic plasticity and associative fear memory in rats treated with low doses of Res and suggest that desipramine is a potential candidate for treating Parkinson's disease-related emotional memory deficit.
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13
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Kresinsky A, Schneble N, Schmidt C, Frister A, Bauer R, Wetzker R, Müller JP. Phagocytosis of bone marrow derived macrophages is controlled by phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ. Immunol Lett 2016; 180:9-16. [PMID: 27720677 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to their ability to phagocytise invading microbes macrophages play a key role in the innate and acquired immune system. In this article the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) for phagocytosis was studied in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM). By using genetic and pharmacological approaches our data clearly demonstrate PI3Kγ is acting as a mediator of macrophage phagocytosis. Phagocytosis of LPS activated BMDM was reduced in PI3Kγ depleted primary BMDM or macrophage cell line J774. Depletion of other class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases did not alter phagocytic activity. Partial reduction of the phagocytic index of BMDM expressing kinase inactive PI3Kγ indicate a lipid-kinase independent role of the PI3Kγ protein. Since inhibition of PI3Kγ interaction partner phosphodiesterase PDE3B reduced BMDM phagocytosis and PI3Kγ knock out super stimulated cAMP level, our data reveal that PI3Kγ protein mediated suppression of cAMP signalling is a critical for efficient phagocytosis of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kresinsky
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, Jena, Germany
| | - Nadine Schneble
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, Jena, Germany
| | - Caroline Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian Frister
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard Wetzker
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg P Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, Jena, Germany.
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Park J, Choi H, Kim B, Chae U, Lee DG, Lee SR, Lee S, Lee HS, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prx5) decreases LPS-induced microglial activation through regulation of Ca 2+/calcineurin-Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:392-404. [PMID: 27585948 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microglial activation is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. ROS activates microglia by regulating transcription factors to express pro-inflammatory genes and is associated with disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis through thiol redox modulation. Recently, we reported that Prx5 can regulate activation of microglia cells by governing ROS. In addition, LPS leads to excessive mitochondrial fission, and regulation of mitochondrial dynamics involved in a pro-inflammatory response is important for the maintenance of microglial activation. However, the precise relationship among these signals and the role of Prx5 in mitochondrial dynamics and microglial activation is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that Ca2+/calcineurin-dependent de-phosphorylation of Drp1 induces mitochondrial fission and regulates mitochondrial ROS production, which influences the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-induced microglia cells. Moreover, it is likely that cytosolic and Nox-derived ROS were upstream of mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial ROS generation in activated microglia cells. Prx5 regulates LPS-induced mitochondrial fission through modulation of Ca2+/calcineurin-dependent Drp1 de-phosphorylation by eliminating Nox-derived and cytosolic ROS. Therefore, we suggest that mitochondrial dynamics may be essential for understanding pro-inflammatory responses and that Prx5 may be used as a new therapeutic target to prevent neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyung Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonsung Choi
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Unbin Chae
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gil Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Ou Y, Chan G, Zuo J, Rattner JB, van der Hoorn FA. Purinergic A2b Receptor Activation by Extracellular Cues Affects Positioning of the Centrosome and Nucleus and Causes Reduced Cell Migration. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15388-403. [PMID: 27226580 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.721241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tight, relative positioning of the nucleus and centrosome in mammalian cells is important for the regulation of cell migration. Under pathophysiological conditions, the purinergic A2b receptor can regulate cell motility, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Expression of A2b, normally low, is increased in tissues experiencing adverse physiological conditions, including hypoxia and inflammation. ATP is released from such cells. We investigated whether extracellular cues can regulate centrosome-nucleus positioning and cell migration. We discovered that hypoxia as well as extracellular ATP cause a reversible increase in the distance between the centrosome and nucleus and reduced cell motility. We uncovered the underlying pathway: both treatments act through the A2b receptor and specifically activate the Epac1/RapGef3 pathway. We show that cells lacking A2b do not respond in this manner to hypoxia or ATP but transfection of A2b restores this response, that Epac1 is critically involved, and that Rap1B is important for the relative positioning of the centrosome and nucleus. Our results represent, to our knowledge, the first report demonstrating that pathophysiological conditions can impact the distance between the centrosome and nucleus. Furthermore, we identify the A2b receptor as a central player in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ou
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Gordon Chan
- the Department of Oncology and Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Jeremy Zuo
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Jerome B Rattner
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada and
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16
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Le Borgne M, Chartier N, Buchet-Poyau K, Destaing O, Faurobert E, Thibert C, Rouault JP, Courchet J, Nègre D, Bouvard D, Albiges-Rizo C, Rousseaux S, Khochbin S, Segretain D, Crépieux P, Guillou F, Durand P, Perrard MH, Billaud M. The RNA-binding protein Mex3b regulates the spatial organization of the Rap1 pathway. Development 2014; 141:2096-107. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.108514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The four related mammalian MEX-3 RNA-binding proteins are evolutionarily conserved molecules for which the in vivo functions have not yet been fully characterized. Here, we report that male mice deficient for the gene encoding Mex3b are subfertile. Seminiferous tubules of Mex3b-deficient mice are obstructed as a consequence of the disrupted phagocytic capacity of somatic Sertoli cells. In addition, both the formation and the integrity of the blood-testis barrier are compromised owing to mislocalization of N-cadherin and connexin 43 at the surface of Sertoli cells. We further establish that Mex3b acts to regulate the cortical level of activated Rap1, a small G protein controlling phagocytosis and cell-cell interaction, through the activation and transport of Rap1GAP. The active form of Rap1 (Rap1-GTP) is abnormally increased at the membrane cortex and chemically restoring Rap1-GTP to physiological levels rescues the phagocytic and adhesion abilities of Sertoli cells. Overall, these findings implicate Mex3b in the spatial organization of the Rap1 pathway that orchestrates Sertoli cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïlys Le Borgne
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Nicolas Chartier
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Karine Buchet-Poyau
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Eva Faurobert
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Chantal Thibert
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Rouault
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242 CNRS/INRA/UCBL/ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, Lyon 69364, Cedex 07, France
| | - Julien Courchet
- Columbia University Department of Neurosciences, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Didier Nègre
- Université de Lyon, Inserm, EVIR, U758, Human Virology Department, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69007, France
| | - Daniel Bouvard
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Dominique Segretain
- UMR S775, University Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, Paris 75006, France
- University of Versailles, Saint Quentin 78035, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA-CNRS-Université de Tours, Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Florian Guillou
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA-CNRS-Université de Tours, Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Philippe Durand
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242 CNRS/INRA/UCBL/ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, Lyon 69364, Cedex 07, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Perrard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242 CNRS/INRA/UCBL/ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, Lyon 69364, Cedex 07, France
| | - Marc Billaud
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
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17
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Schmidt C, Schneble N, Müller JP, Bauer R, Perino A, Marone R, Rybalkin SD, Wymann MP, Hirsch E, Wetzker R. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ mediates microglial phagocytosis via lipid kinase-independent control of cAMP. Neuroscience 2012; 233:44-53. [PMID: 23276671 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglial phagocytosis plays a key role in neuroprotective and neurodegenerative responses of the innate immune system in the brain. Here we investigated the regulatory function of phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) in phagocytosis of bacteria and Zymosan particles by mouse brain microglia in vitro and in vivo. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches our data revealed PI3Kγ as an essential mediator of microglial phagocytosis. Unexpectedly, microglia expressing lipid kinase deficient mutant PI3Kγ exhibited similar phagocytosis as wild-type cells. These data suggest kinase-independent stimulation of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity by PI3Kγ as a crucial mediator of phagocytosis. In sum our findings indicate PI3Kγ-dependent suppression of cAMP signaling as a critical regulatory element of microglial phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany
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18
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O’Donnell J, Zeppenfeld D, McConnell E, Pena S, Nedergaard M. Norepinephrine: a neuromodulator that boosts the function of multiple cell types to optimize CNS performance. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:2496-512. [PMID: 22717696 PMCID: PMC3548657 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) is a neuromodulator that in multiple ways regulates the activity of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. NE participates in the rapid modulation of cortical circuits and cellular energy metabolism, and on a slower time scale in neuroplasticity and inflammation. Of the multiple sources of NE in the brain, the locus coeruleus (LC) plays a major role in noradrenergic signaling. Processes from the LC primarily release NE over widespread brain regions via non-junctional varicosities. We here review the actions of NE in astrocytes, microglial cells, and neurons based on the idea that the overarching effect of signaling from the LC is to maximize brain power, which is accomplished via an orchestrated cellular response involving most, if not all cell types in CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O’Donnell
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Douglas Zeppenfeld
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Evan McConnell
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Salvador Pena
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Ghosh M, Garcia-Castillo D, Aguirre V, Golshani R, Atkins CM, Bramlett HM, Dietrich WD, Pearse DD. Proinflammatory cytokine regulation of cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase 4 signaling in microglia in vitro and following CNS injury. Glia 2012; 60:1839-59. [PMID: 22865690 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP suppresses immune cell activation and inflammation. The positive feedback loop of proinflammatory cytokine production and immune activation implies that cytokines may not only be regulated by cyclic AMP but also conversely regulate cyclic AMP. This study examined the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β on cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) signaling in microglia in vitro and after spinal cord injury (SCI) or traumatic brain injury (TBI). TNF-α or IL-1β stimulation produced a profound reduction (>90%) of cyclic AMP within EOC2 microglia from 30 min that then recovered after IL-1β but remained suppressed with TNF-α through 24 h. Cyclic AMP was also reduced in TNF-α-stimulated primary microglia, albeit to a lesser extent. Accompanying TNF-α-induced cyclic AMP reductions, but not IL-1β, was increased cyclic AMP-PDE activity. The role of PDE4 activity in cyclic AMP reductions was confirmed by using Rolipram. Examination of pde4 mRNA revealed an immediate, persistent increase in pde4b with TNF-α; IL-1β increased all pde4 mRNAs. Immunoblotting for PDE4 showed that both cytokines increased PDE4A1, but only TNF-α increased PDE4B2. Immunocytochemistry revealed PDE4B nuclear translocation with TNF-α but not IL-1β. Acutely after SCI/TBI, where cyclic AMP levels are reduced, PDE4B was localized to activated OX-42(+) microglia; PDE4B was absent in OX-42(+) cells in uninjured spinal cord/cortex or inactive microglia. Immunoblotting showed PDE4B2 up-regulation from 24 h to 1 wk post-SCI, the peak of microglia activation. These studies show that TNF-α and IL-1β differentially affect cyclic AMP-PDE signaling in microglia. Targeting PDE4B2 may be a putative therapeutic direction for reducing microglia activation in CNS injury and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Ghosh
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA
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