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Kennard AS, Velle KB, Ranjan R, Schulz D, Fritz-Laylin LK. An internally controlled system to study microtubule network diversification links tubulin evolution to the use of distinct microtubule regulators. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.08.573270. [PMID: 38260630 PMCID: PMC10802493 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.08.573270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Diverse eukaryotic cells assemble microtubule networks that vary in structure and composition. While we understand how cells build microtubule networks with specialized functions, we do not know how microtubule networks diversify across deep evolutionary timescales. This problem has remained unresolved because most organisms use shared pools of tubulins for multiple networks, making it impossible to trace the evolution of any single network. In contrast, the amoeboflagellate Naegleria uses distinct tubulin genes to build distinct microtubule networks: while Naegleria builds flagella from conserved tubulins during differentiation, it uses divergent tubulins to build its mitotic spindle. This genetic separation makes for an internally controlled system to study independent microtubule networks in a single organismal and genomic context. To explore the evolution of these microtubule networks, we identified conserved microtubule binding proteins and used transcriptional profiling of mitosis and differentiation to determine which are upregulated during the assembly of each network. Surprisingly, most microtubule binding proteins are upregulated during only one process, suggesting that Naegleria uses distinct component pools to specialize its microtubule networks. Furthermore, the divergent residues of mitotic tubulins tend to fall within the binding sites of differentiation-specific microtubule regulators, suggesting that interactions between microtubules and their binding proteins constrain tubulin sequence diversification. We therefore propose a model for cytoskeletal evolution in which pools of microtubule network components constrain and guide the diversification of the entire network, so that the evolution of tubulin is inextricably linked to that of its binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Kennard
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA, United States
| | - Katrina B. Velle
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA, United States
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- Genomics Resource Laboratory, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA, United States
| | - Danae Schulz
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont CA, United States
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2
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Puri D, Barry BJ, Engle EC. TUBB3 and KIF21A in neurodevelopment and disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1226181. [PMID: 37600020 PMCID: PMC10436312 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1226181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration and axon growth and guidance require precise control of microtubule dynamics and microtubule-based cargo transport. TUBB3 encodes the neuronal-specific β-tubulin isotype III, TUBB3, a component of neuronal microtubules expressed throughout the life of central and peripheral neurons. Human pathogenic TUBB3 missense variants result in altered TUBB3 function and cause errors either in the growth and guidance of cranial and, to a lesser extent, central axons, or in cortical neuronal migration and organization, and rarely in both. Moreover, human pathogenic missense variants in KIF21A, which encodes an anterograde kinesin motor protein that interacts directly with microtubules, alter KIF21A function and cause errors in cranial axon growth and guidance that can phenocopy TUBB3 variants. Here, we review reported TUBB3 and KIF21A variants, resulting phenotypes, and corresponding functional studies of both wildtype and mutant proteins. We summarize the evidence that, in vitro and in mouse models, loss-of-function and missense variants can alter microtubule dynamics and microtubule-kinesin interactions. Lastly, we highlight additional studies that might contribute to our understanding of the relationship between specific tubulin isotypes and specific kinesin motor proteins in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Puri
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Brenda J. Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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3
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Kumari A, Prassanawar SS, Panda D. β-III Tubulin Levels Determine the Neurotoxicity Induced by Colchicine-Site Binding Agent Indibulin. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:19-34. [PMID: 36541944 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Indibulin, a microtubule-depolymerizing agent, produces minimal neurotoxicity in animals. It is also less cytotoxic toward differentiated neuronal cells than undifferentiated cells. We found that the levels of β-III tubulin, acetylated tubulin, and polyglutamylated tubulin were significantly increased in differentiated neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Since neuronal cells express β-tubulin isotypes differently from other cell types, we explored the binding of indibulin to different β-tubulin isotypes. Our molecular docking analysis suggested that indibulin binds to β-III tubulin with lower affinity than to other β-tubulin isotypes. We therefore studied the implications of different β-tubulin isotypes on the cytotoxic effects of indibulin, colchicine, and vinblastine in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Upon depletion of β-III tubulin in the differentiated cells, the toxicity of indibulin and colchicine significantly increased, while sensitivity to vinblastine was unaffected. Using biochemical, bioinformatics, and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques, we have identified the binding site of indibulin on tubulin, which had not previously been established. Indibulin inhibited the binding of colchicine and C12 (a colchicine-site binder) to tubulin and also increased the dissociation constant of the interaction between tubulin and colchicine. Indibulin did not inhibit the binding of vinblastine or taxol to tubulin. Interestingly, indibulin antagonized colchicine treatment but synergized with vinblastine treatment in a combination study performed in MDA-MB-231 cells. The results indicate that indibulin is a colchicine-site binder and that the efficacy of colchicine-site binders is affected by the β-III tubulin levels in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kumari
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shweta S Prassanawar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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β-II tubulin isotype directs stiffness and differentiation of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022:10.1007/s11010-022-04649-0. [PMID: 36585545 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
β-tubulin isotypes regulate the structure and bundling of microtubule (MT) lattice, its dynamics, and resulting functions. They exhibit differential tissue expression, varying due to physical and biochemical cues. In this work, we investigated the effect of transient heat shock at 42 °C on the nuclear and cytoplasmic stiffness of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells through atomic force microscopy. Moreover, the variations in the expression of β-tubulin isotypes as a heat shock response were also monitored. The heat-exposed cells endured a recovery at 37 °C for 24 h and they manifested an increase of cytoplasmic stiffness by 130 ± 25% with respect to untreated controls. The expression of β-II tubulin isotype in heat-recovered cells is augmented by 51 ± 5% whereas the levels of total tubulin and β-III tubulin isotype remain unaltered. Upon depletion of β-II tubulin isotype using shRNA, the increase in cytoplasmic stiffness was dampened. However, it remained unaffected upon depletion with β-III tubulin isotype shRNA. This features the role of the β-II tubulin isotype in regulating cellular stiffness. In addition, neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells undergo differentiation by initiating neuritogenesis and prior evidence suggests the indispensable role of β-II tubulin isotype in this process. The heat-recovered cells which expressed higher levels of β-II tubulin isotype expedited the differentiation process in 3-day which was around 5-day for control cells, however, upon depletion of β-II tubulin isotype, the cells almost lost their differentiation potential. Altogether, this work highlights the role of β-II tubulin isotype as a biomarker for cellular stiffness.
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Ciliate Microtubule Diversities: Insights from the EFBTU3 Tubulin in the Antarctic Ciliate Euplotes focardii. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122415. [PMID: 36557668 PMCID: PMC9784925 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protozoans of the Phylum Ciliophora (ciliates) assemble many diverse microtubular structures in a single cell throughout the life cycle, a feature that made them useful models to study microtubule complexity and the role of tubulin isotypes. In the Antarctic ciliate Euplotes focardii we identified five β-tubulin isotypes by genome sequencing, named EFBTU1, EFBTU2, EFBTU3, EFBTU4 and EFBTU5. By using polyclonal antibodies directed against EFBTU2/EFBTU1 and EFBTU3, we show that the former isotypes appear to be involved in the formation of all microtubular structures and are particularly abundant in cilia, whereas the latter specifically localizes at the bases of cilia. By RNA interference (RNAi) technology, we silenced the EFBTU3 gene and provided evidence that this isotype has a relevant role in cilia regeneration upon deciliation and in cell division. These results support the long-standing concept that tubulin isotypes possess functional specificity in building diverse microtubular structures.
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Daume D, Offner T, Hassenklöver T, Manzini I. Patterns of tubb2b Promoter-Driven Fluorescence in the Forebrain of Larval Xenopus laevis. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:914281. [PMID: 35873659 PMCID: PMC9304554 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.914281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are essential components of the cytoskeleton of all eukaryotic cells and consist of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers. Several tissue-specific isotypes of α- and β-tubulins, encoded by distinct genes, have been described in vertebrates. In the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), class II β-tubulin (tubb2b) is expressed exclusively in neurons, and its promoter is used to establish different transgenic frog lines. However, a thorough investigation of the expression pattern of tubb2b has not been carried out yet. In this study, we describe the expression of tubb2b-dependent Katushka fluorescence in the forebrain of premetamorphic Xenopus laevis at cellular resolution. To determine the exact location of Katushka-positive neurons in the forebrain nuclei and to verify the extent of neuronal Katushka expression, we used a transgenic frog line and performed several additional antibody stainings. We found tubb2b-dependent fluorescence throughout the Xenopus forebrain, but not in all neurons. In the olfactory bulb, tubb2b-dependent fluorescence is present in axonal projections from the olfactory epithelium, cells in the mitral cell layer, and fibers of the extrabulbar system, but not in interneurons. We also detected tubb2b-dependent fluorescence in parts of the basal ganglia, the amygdaloid complex, the pallium, the optic nerve, the preoptic area, and the hypothalamus. In the diencephalon, tubb2b-dependent fluorescence occurred mainly in the prethalamus and thalamus. As in the olfactory system, not all neurons of these forebrain regions exhibited tubb2b-dependent fluorescence. Together, our results present a detailed overview of the distribution of tubb2b-dependent fluorescence in neurons of the forebrain of larval Xenopus laevis and clearly show that tubb2b-dependent fluorescence cannot be used as a pan-neuronal marker.
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Ludueña RF, Walss-Bass C, Portyanko A, Guo J, Yeh IT. Nuclear βII-Tubulin and its Possible Utility in Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:870088. [PMID: 35706904 PMCID: PMC9190298 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.870088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are organelles that usually occur only in the cytosol. Walss et al. (1999) discovered the βII isotype of tubulin, complexed with α, in the nuclei of certain cultured cells, in non-microtubule form. When fluorescently labeled tubulins were microinjected into the cells, only αβII appeared in the nucleus, and only after one cycle of nuclear disassembly and reassembly. It appeared as if αβII does not cross the nuclear envelope but is trapped in the nucleus by the re-forming nuclear envelope in whose reassembly βII may be involved. βII is present in the cytoplasm and nuclei of many tumor cells. With some exceptions, normal tissues that expressed βII rarely had βII in their nuclei. It is possible that βII is involved in nuclear reassembly and then disappears from the nucleus. Ruksha et al. (2019) observed that patients whose colon cancer cells in the invasive front showed no βII had a median survival of about 5.5 years, which was more than halved if they had cytosolic βII and further lessened if they had nuclear βII, suggesting that the presence and location of βII in biopsies could be a useful prognostic indicator and also that βII may be involved in cancer progression. Yeh and Ludueña. (2004) observed that many tumors were surrounded by non-cancerous cells exhibiting cytosolic and nuclear βII, suggesting a signaling pathway that causes βII to be synthesized in nearby cells and localized to their nuclei. βII could be useful in cancer diagnosis, since the presence of βII in non-cancerous cells could indicate a nearby tumor. Investigation of this pathway might reveal novel targets for chemotherapy. Another possibility would be to combine αβII with CRISPR-Cas9. This complex would likely enter the nucleus of a cancer cell and, if guided to the appropriate gene, might destroy the cancer cell or make it less aggressive; possible targets will be discussed here. The possibilities raised here about the utility of βII in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, biology and therapy may repay further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Ludueña
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - I-Tien Yeh
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Roll-Mecak A. The Tubulin Code in Microtubule Dynamics and Information Encoding. Dev Cell 2020; 54:7-20. [PMID: 32634400 PMCID: PMC11042690 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are non-covalent mesoscale polymers central to the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Microtubule structure, dynamics, and mechanics are modulated by a cell's choice of tubulin isoforms and post-translational modifications, a "tubulin code," which is thought to support the diverse morphology and dynamics of microtubule arrays across various cell types, cell cycle, and developmental stages. We give a brief historical overview of research into tubulin diversity and highlight recent progress toward uncovering the mechanistic underpinnings of the tubulin code. As a large number of essential pathways converge upon the microtubule cytoskeleton, understanding how cells utilize tubulin diversity is crucial to understanding cellular physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Roll-Mecak
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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9
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Hausrat TJ, Radwitz J, Lombino FL, Breiden P, Kneussel M. Alpha- and beta-tubulin isotypes are differentially expressed during brain development. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 81:333-350. [PMID: 32293117 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alpha- and beta-tubulin dimers polymerize into protofilaments that associate laterally to constitute a hollow tube, the microtubule. A dynamic network of interlinking filaments forms the microtubule cytoskeleton, which maintains the structure of cells and is key to various cellular processes including cell division, cell migration, and intracellular transport. Individual microtubules have an identity that depends on the differential integration of specific alpha- and beta-tubulin isotypes and is further specified by a variety of posttranslational modifications (PTMs). It is barely understood to which extent neighboring microtubules differ in their tubulin composition or whether specific tubulin isotypes cluster along the polymer. Furthermore, our knowledge about the spatio-temporal expression patterns of tubulin isotypes is limited, not at least due to the lack of antibodies or antibody cross-reactivities. Here, we asked which alpha- and beta-tubulin mRNAs and proteins are expressed in developing hippocampal neuron cultures and ex vivo brain tissue lysates. Using heterologous expression of GFP-tubulin fusion proteins, we systematically tested antibody-specificities against various tubulin isotypes. Our data provide quantitative information about tubulin expression levels in the mouse brain and classify tubulin isotypes during pre- and postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben J Hausrat
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Radwitz
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franco L Lombino
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Breiden
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Department of Molecular Neurogenetics, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Bittermann E, Abdelhamed Z, Liegel RP, Menke C, Timms A, Beier DR, Stottmann RW. Differential requirements of tubulin genes in mammalian forebrain development. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008243. [PMID: 31386652 PMCID: PMC6697361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin genes encode a series of homologous proteins used to construct microtubules which are essential for multiple cellular processes. Neural development is particularly reliant on functional microtubule structures. Tubulin genes comprise a large family of genes with very high sequence similarity between multiple family members. Human genetics has demonstrated that a large spectrum of cortical malformations are associated with de novo heterozygous mutations in tubulin genes. However, the absolute requirement for many of these genes in development and disease has not been previously tested in genetic loss of function models. Here we directly test the requirement for Tuba1a, Tubb2a and Tubb2b in the mouse by deleting each gene individually using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. We show that loss of Tubb2a or Tubb2b does not impair survival but does lead to relatively mild cortical malformation phenotypes. In contrast, loss of Tuba1a is perinatal lethal and leads to significant forebrain dysmorphology. We also present a novel mouse ENU allele of Tuba1a with phenotypes similar to the null allele. This demonstrates the requirements for each of the tubulin genes and levels of functional redundancy are quite different throughout the gene family. The ability of the mouse to survive in the absence of some tubulin genes known to cause disease in humans suggests future intervention strategies for these devastating tubulinopathy diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bittermann
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zakia Abdelhamed
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine (Girl’s Section), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ryan P. Liegel
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chelsea Menke
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Andrew Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David R. Beier
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rolf W. Stottmann
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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Lan SY, Tan MA, Yang SH, Cai JZ, Chen B, Li PW, Fan DM, Liu FB, Yu T, Chen QK. Musashi 1-positive cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells treated with LY294002 are prone to differentiate into intestinal epithelial-like tissues. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:2471-2480. [PMID: 30942388 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of Musashi 1 (Msi1)‑positive cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are prone to differentiate into neural epithelial‑like cells, and only a small proportion of Msi1‑positive cells differentiate into intestinal epithelial‑like cells. Whether inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K) signaling of mESCs can promote the differentiation of Msi1‑positive cells into intestinal epithelial‑like cells remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, to inhibit PI3K signaling, mESCs were treated with LY294002. A pMsi1‑green fluorescence protein reporter plasmid was used to sort the Msi1‑positive cells from mESCs treated and untreated with LY294002 (5 µmol/l). The Msi1‑positive cells were hypodermically engrafted into the backs of non‑obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice. The presence of neural and intestinal epithelial‑like cells in the grafts was detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemistry. Compared with the Msi1‑positive cells derived from mESCs without LY294002 treatment, Msi1‑positive cells derived from mESCs treated with LY294002 expressed higher levels of leucine‑rich repeat‑containing G‑protein coupled receptor, a marker of intestinal epithelial stem cells, and lower levels of Nestin, a marker of neural epithelial stem cells. The grafts from Msi1‑positive cells treated with LY294002 contained more intestinal epithelial‑like tissues and fewer neural epithelial‑like tissues, compared with those from untreated Msi1‑positive cells. LY294002 had the ability to promote the differentiation of mESCs into intestinal epithelial‑like tissues. The Msi1‑positive cells selected from the cell population derived from mESCs treated with LY294002 exhibited more characteristics of intestinal epithelial stem cells than those from the untreated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yang Lan
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ao Tan
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Hui Yang
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Zhong Cai
- Pi‑Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Wu Li
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Fan
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Bin Liu
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Kui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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Ruksha K, Mezheyeuski A, Nerovnya A, Bich T, Tur G, Gorgun J, Luduena R, Portyanko A. Over-Expression of βII-Tubulin and Especially Its Localization in Cell Nuclei Correlates with Poorer Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010025. [PMID: 30621030 PMCID: PMC6357106 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin is a heterodimer of α and β subunits, both existing as isotypes differing in amino acid sequence encoded by different genes. Specific isotypes of tubulin have associations with cancer that are not well understood. Previous studies found that βII-tubulin is expressed in a number of transformed cells and that this isotype is found in cell nuclei in non-microtubule form. The association of βII expression and its nuclear localization with cancer progression has not previously been addressed. We here used a monoclonal antibody to βII to examine patients with colorectal cancer and found that patients whose tumors over-express βII have a greatly decreased life expectancy which is even shorter in those patients with nuclear βII. Our results suggest that βII-tubulin may facilitate cancer growth and metastasis and, to accomplish this, may not need to be in microtubule form. Furthermore, βII expression and localization could be a useful prognostic marker. We also found that βII appears in the nuclei of otherwise normal cells adjacent to the tumor. It is possible therefore that cancer cells expressing βII influence nearby cells to do the same and to localize βII in their nuclei by an as yet uncharacterized regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya Ruksha
- N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus, 223040 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Artur Mezheyeuski
- Department of Pathology, Belarusian State Medical University, 220116 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Alexander Nerovnya
- Department of Pathology, Belarusian State Medical University, 220116 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Tatyana Bich
- Department of Pathology, Belarusian State Medical University, 220116 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Gennady Tur
- Minsk City Clinical Oncologic Dispensary, 220013 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Julia Gorgun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Belarusian Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, 220013 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Richard Luduena
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Anna Portyanko
- Department of Pathology, Belarusian State Medical University, 220116 Minsk, Belarus.
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Tóth C, Sükösd F, Valicsek E, Herpel E, Schirmacher P, Renner M, Mader C, Tiszlavicz L, Kriegsmann J. Expression of ERCC1, RRM1, TUBB3 in correlation with apoptosis repressor ARC, DNA mismatch repair proteins and p53 in liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1457-1465. [PMID: 28949378 PMCID: PMC5627886 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis in colorectal cancer is common and the primary treatment is chemotherapy. To date, there is no routinely used test in clinical practice to predict the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy. Therefore, biomarkers with predictive value for conventional chemotherapy would be of considerable benefit in treatment planning. We analysed three proteins [excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1), ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 1 (RRM1) and class III β-tubulin (TUBB3)] in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. We used tissue microarray slides with 101 liver metastasis samples, stained for ERCC1, RRM1 and TUBB3 and established scoring systems (fitted for tissue microarray) for each protein. In statistical analysis, we compared the expression of ERCC1, RRM1 and TUBB3 to mismatch proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2), p53 and to apoptosis repressor protein (ARC). Statistically significant correlations were found between ERCC1, TUBB3 and MLH1, MSH2 and RRM1 and MSH2, MSH6. Noteworthy, our analysis revealed a strong significant correlation between cytoplasmic ARC expression and RRM1, TUBB3 (p=0.000 and p=0.001, respectively), implying an additional role of TUBB3 and RRM1 not only in therapy resistance, but also in the apoptotic machinery. Our data strengthens the importance of ERCC1, TUBB3 and RRM1 in the prediction of chemotherapy effectiveness and suggest new functional connections in DNA repair, microtubule network and apoptotic signaling (i.e. ARC protein). In conclusion, we showed the importance and need of predictive biomarkers in metastasized colorectal cancer and pointed out the relevance not only of single predictive markers but also of their interactions with other known and newly explored relations between different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Tóth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Farkas Sükösd
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Valicsek
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Renner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Mader
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - László Tiszlavicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jörg Kriegsmann
- MVZ for Histology, Cytology and Molecular Diagnostics, Trier, D-54296 Trier, Germany
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Yu J, Yang H, Fang B, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Dai Y. mfat-1transgene protects cultured adult neural stem cells against cobalt chloride-mediated hypoxic injury by activatingNrf2/AREpathways. J Neurosci Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyuan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Huaian First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University; Huai'an People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
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Killinger BA, Moszczynska A. Epothilone D prevents binge methamphetamine-mediated loss of striatal dopaminergic markers. J Neurochem 2015; 136:510-25. [PMID: 26465779 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to binge methamphetamine (METH) can result in a permanent or transient loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) markers such as dopamine (DA), dopamine transporter, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the striatum. We hypothesized that the METH-induced loss of striatal DAergic markers was, in part, due to a destabilization of microtubules (MTs) in the nigrostriatal DA pathway that ultimately impedes anterograde axonal transport of these markers. To test this hypothesis, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with binge METH or saline in the presence or absence of epothilone D (EpoD), a MT-stabilizing compound, and assessed 3 days after the treatments for the levels of several DAergic markers as well as for the levels of tubulins and their post-translational modifications (PMTs). Binge METH induced a loss of stable long-lived MTs within the striatum but not within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Treatment with a low dose of EpoD increased the levels of markers of stable MTs and prevented METH-mediated deficits in several DAergic markers in the striatum. In contrast, administration of a high dose of EpoD appeared to destabilize MTs and potentiated the METH-induced deficits in several DAergic markers. The low-dose EpoD also prevented the METH-induced increase in striatal DA turnover and increased behavioral stereotypy during METH treatment. Together, these results demonstrate that MT dynamics plays a role in the development of METH-induced losses of several DAergic markers in the striatum and may mediate METH-induced degeneration of terminals in the nigrostriatal DA pathway. Our study also demonstrates that MT-stabilizing drugs such as EpoD have a potential to serve as useful therapeutic agents to restore function of DAergic nerve terminals following METH exposure when administered at low doses. Administration of binge methamphetamine (METH) negatively impacts neurotransmission in the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system. The effects of METH include decreasing the levels of DAergic markers in the striatum. We have determined that high-dose METH destabilizes microtubules in this pathway, which is manifested by decreased levels of acetylated (Acetyl) and detyrosinated (Detyr) α-tubulin (I). A microtubule stabilizing agent epothilone D protects striatal microtubules form the METH-induced loss of DAergic markers (II). These findings provide a new strategy for protection form METH - restoration of proper axonal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Killinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Anna Moszczynska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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16
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Katsetos CD, Reginato MJ, Baas PW, D'Agostino L, Legido A, Tuszyn Ski JA, Dráberová E, Dráber P. Emerging microtubule targets in glioma therapy. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2015; 22:49-72. [PMID: 25976261 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Major advances in the genomics and epigenomics of diffuse gliomas and glioblastoma to date have not been translated into effective therapy, necessitating pursuit of alternative treatment approaches for these therapeutically challenging tumors. Current knowledge of microtubules in cancer and the development of new microtubule-based treatment strategies for high-grade gliomas are the topic in this review article. Discussed are cellular, molecular, and pharmacologic aspects of the microtubule cytoskeleton underlying mitosis and interactions with other cellular partners involved in cell cycle progression, directional cell migration, and tumor invasion. Special focus is placed on (1) the aberrant overexpression of βIII-tubulin, a survival factor associated with hypoxic tumor microenvironment and dynamic instability of microtubules; (2) the ectopic overexpression of γ-tubulin, which in addition to its conventional role as a microtubule-nucleating protein has recently emerged as a transcription factor interacting with oncogenes and kinases; (3) the microtubule-severing ATPase spastin and its emerging role in cell motility of glioblastoma cells; and (4) the modulating role of posttranslational modifications of tubulin in the context of interaction of microtubules with motor proteins. Specific antineoplastic strategies discussed include downregulation of targeted molecules aimed at achieving a sensitization effect on currently used mainstay therapies. The potential role of new classes of tubulin-binding agents and ATPase inhibitors is also examined. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning the distinct behaviors of microtubules in glioma tumorigenesis and drug resistance is key to the discovery of novel molecular targets that will fundamentally change the prognostic outlook of patients with diffuse high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos D Katsetos
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Section of Neurology and Pediatric Neuro-oncology Program, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter W Baas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Luca D'Agostino
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Section of Neurology and Pediatric Neuro-oncology Program, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Agustin Legido
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Section of Neurology and Pediatric Neuro-oncology Program, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jack A Tuszyn Ski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eduarda Dráberová
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dráber
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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McCarroll JA, Sharbeen G, Liu J, Youkhana J, Goldstein D, McCarthy N, Limbri LF, Dischl D, Ceyhan GO, Erkan M, Johns AL, Biankin AV, Kavallaris M, Phillips PA. βIII-tubulin: a novel mediator of chemoresistance and metastases in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2235-49. [PMID: 25544769 PMCID: PMC4385848 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Western societies. This poor prognosis is due to chemotherapeutic drug resistance and metastatic spread. Evidence suggests that microtubule proteins namely, β-tubulins are dysregulated in tumor cells and are involved in regulating chemosensitivity. However, the role of β-tubulins in pancreatic cancer are unknown. We measured the expression of different β-tubulin isotypes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue and pancreatic cancer cells. Next, we used RNAi to silence βIII-tubulin expression in pancreatic cancer cells, and measured cell growth in the absence and presence of chemotherapeutic drugs. Finally, we assessed the role of βIII-tubulin in regulating tumor growth and metastases using an orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse model. We found that βIII-tubulin is highly expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue and pancreatic cancer cells. Further, we demonstrated that silencing βIII-tubulin expression reduced pancreatic cancer cell growth and tumorigenic potential in the absence and presence of chemotherapeutic drugs. Finally, we demonstrated that suppression of βIII-tubulin reduced tumor growth and metastases in vivo. Our novel data demonstrate that βIII-tubulin is a key player in promoting pancreatic cancer growth and survival, and silencing its expression may be a potential therapeutic strategy to increase the long-term survival of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Australia
| | - George Sharbeen
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW Australia), Sydney, Australia
| | - Jie Liu
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW Australia), Sydney, Australia
| | - Janet Youkhana
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW Australia), Sydney, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW Australia), Sydney, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel McCarthy
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lydia F. Limbri
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW Australia), Sydney, Australia
| | - Dominic Dischl
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Güralp O. Ceyhan
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mert Erkan
- Department of Surgery Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amber L. Johns
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew V. Biankin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, Scotland G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Australia
| | - Phoebe A. Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW Australia), Sydney, Australia
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18
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Bhattacherjee A, Liao Z, Smith PG. Trophic factor and hormonal regulation of neurite outgrowth in sensory neuron-like 50B11 cells. Neurosci Lett 2013; 558:120-5. [PMID: 24269872 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sensory axon integrity and regenerative capacity are important considerations in understanding neuropathological conditions characterized by hyper- or insensitivity. However, our knowledge of mechanisms regulating axon outgrowth are limited by an absence of suitable high-throughput assay systems. The 50B11 cell line generated from rat embryonic dorsal root ganglion neurons offers a promising model for screening assays. Prior characterization shows that these cells express cytoskeletal proteins and genes encoding ion channels and neurotrophin receptors in common with sensory nociceptor neurons. In the present study we further characterized 50B11 cells in regard to their phenotypes and responsiveness to neurotrophic and hormonal factors. 50B11 cells express neuronal cytoplasmic proteins including beta-3 tubulin, peripherin (a marker of unmyelinated neurons), and the pan-neuronal ubiquitin hydrolase, PGP9.5. Only PGP9.5 immunoreactivity was uniformly distributed throughout soma and axons, and therefore presents the best means for visualizing the entire axon arbor. All cells co-express both NGF and GDNF receptors and addition of ligands increased neurite length. 50B11 cells also showed immunoreactivity for the estrogen receptor-α and the angiotensin receptor type II, and both 17-β estradiol and angiotensin II increased outgrowth by differentiated cells. 50B11 cells therefore show features reported previously for primary unmyelinated nociceptor neurons, including responsiveness to classical neurotrophins and hormonal modulators. Coupled with their ease of culture and predictable differentiation, 50B11 cells represent a promising cell line on which to base assays that more clearly reveal mechanisms regulating axon outgrowth and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Bhattacherjee
- Institute for Neurological Discoveries, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Zhaohui Liao
- Institute for Neurological Discoveries, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Peter G Smith
- Institute for Neurological Discoveries, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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19
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Ludueña RF. A Hypothesis on the Origin and Evolution of Tubulin. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 302:41-185. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407699-0.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Oz S, Ivashko-Pachima Y, Gozes I. The ADNP derived peptide, NAP modulates the tubulin pool: implication for neurotrophic and neuroprotective activities. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51458. [PMID: 23272107 PMCID: PMC3522725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs), key cytoskeletal elements in living cells, are critical for axonal transport, synaptic transmission, and maintenance of neuronal morphology. NAP (NAPVSIPQ) is a neuroprotective peptide derived from the essential activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP). In Alzheimer’s disease models, NAP protects against tauopathy and cognitive decline. Here, we show that NAP treatment significantly affected the alpha tubulin tyrosination cycle in the neuronal differentiation model, rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and in rat cortical astrocytes. The effect on tubulin tyrosination/detyrosination was coupled to increased MT network area (measured in PC12 cells), which is directly related to neurite outgrowth. Tubulin beta3, a marker for neurite outgrowth/neuronal differentiation significantly increased after NAP treatment. In rat cortical neurons, NAP doubled the area of dynamic MT invasion (Tyr-tubulin) into the neuronal growth cone periphery. NAP was previously shown to protect against zinc-induced MT/neurite destruction and neuronal death, here, in PC12 cells, NAP treatment reversed zinc-decreased tau-tubulin-MT interaction and protected against death. NAP effects on the MT pool, coupled with increased tau engagement on compromised MTs imply an important role in neuronal plasticity, protecting against free tau accumulation leading to tauopathy. With tauopathy representing a major pathological hallmark in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders, the current findings provide a mechanistic basis for further development. NAP (davunetide) is in phase 2/3 clinical trial in progressive supranuclear palsy, a disease presenting MT deficiency and tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saar Oz
- The Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yanina Ivashko-Pachima
- The Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Illana Gozes
- The Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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21
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Allen A, Messier C. Plastic changes in the astrocyte GLUT1 glucose transporter and beta-tubulin microtubule protein following voluntary exercise in mice. Behav Brain Res 2012. [PMID: 23201358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucose, the predominant energy substrate of the central and peripheral nervous system, is delivered to neurons via a family of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT). The majority of glucose is transported to the brain via glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) located on epithelial cells of capillaries and on the astrocytes that wrap around them. Changes in neuronal activity are linked to increases in glucose demand and local cerebral glucose utilization. Current research has indicated a corresponding change in GLUT1 expression in response to increased metabolic demand in operant tasks. The purpose of this study was to examine, in the mouse brain, the effects of neuronal activation induced by voluntary running on the plastic expression of vascular GLUT1 and neuronal plasticity as measured by the microtubule protein beta-tubulin III (Tuj). The results showed that access to a running wheel for 48h induced plastic changes in the expression of GLUT1, Tuj and GLUT1-associated estimate of astrocyte vascular endfeet in motor regions. The results tend to support the plastic association between mechanisms of energy supply and plastic reorganization of neurons following a new training experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Allen
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Room 2076A, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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