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Zestos AG, Carpenter C, Kim Y, Low MJ, Kennedy RT, Gnegy ME. Ruboxistaurin Reduces Cocaine-Stimulated Increases in Extracellular Dopamine by Modifying Dopamine-Autoreceptor Activity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1960-1969. [PMID: 30384585 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine is a highly abused drug, and cocaine addiction affects millions of individuals worldwide. Cocaine blocks normal uptake function at the dopamine transporter (DAT), thus increasing extracellular dopamine. Currently, no chemical therapies are available to treat cocaine abuse. Previous works showed that the selective inhibitors of protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ), enzastaurin and ruboxistaurin, attenuate dopamine overflow and locomotion stimulated by another psychostimulant drug, amphetamine. We now test if ruboxistaurin similarly affects cocaine action. Perfusion of 1 μM ruboxistaurin directly into the core of the nucleus accumbens via retrodialysis reduced cocaine-stimulated increases in dopamine overflow, measured using microdialysis sampling, with simultaneous reductions in locomotor behavior. Because cocaine activity is highly regulated by dopamine autoreceptors, we examined whether ruboxistaurin was acting at the level of the D2 autoreceptor. Perfusion of 5 μM raclopride, a selective D2-like receptor antagonist, before addition of ruboxistaurin, abrogated the effect of ruboxistaurin on cocaine-stimulated dopamine overflow and hyperlocomotion. Further, ruboxistaurin was inactive against cocaine-stimulated locomotor activity in mice with a genetic deletion in D2 receptors as compared to wild-type mice. In contrast, blockade or deletion of dopamine D2 receptors did not abolish the attenuating effect of ruboxistaurin on amphetamine-stimulated activities. Therefore, the inhibition of PKCβ reduces dopamine overflow and locomotor activity stimulated by both cocaine and amphetamine, but the mechanism of action differs for each stimulant. These data suggest that inhibition of PKCβ would serve as a target to reduce the abuse of either amphetamine or cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Zestos
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, United States
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Cabana-Domínguez J, Arenas C, Cormand B, Fernàndez-Castillo N. MiR-9, miR-153 and miR-124 are down-regulated by acute exposure to cocaine in a dopaminergic cell model and may contribute to cocaine dependence. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:173. [PMID: 30166527 PMCID: PMC6117282 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine is one of the most used psychostimulant drugs worldwide. MicroRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that are highly expressed in brain, and several studies have shown that cocaine can alter their expression. In a previous study, we identified several protein-coding genes that are differentially expressed in a dopaminergic neuron-like model after an acute exposure to cocaine. Now, we used the prediction tool WebGestalt to identify miRNA molecules potentially involved in the regulation of these genes. Using the same cellular model, we found that seven of these miRNAs are down-regulated by cocaine: miR-124-3p, miR-124-5p, miR-137, miR-101-3p, miR-9-5p, miR-369-3p and miR-153-3p, the last three not previously related to cocaine. Furthermore, we found that three of the miRNA genes that are differentially expressed in our model (hsa-miR-9-1, hsa-miR-153-1 and hsa-miR-124-3) are nominally associated with cocaine dependence in a case-control study (2,085 cases and 4,293 controls). In summary, we highlighted novel miRNAs that may be involved in those cocaine-induced changes of gene expression that underlie addiction. Moreover, we identified genetic variants that contribute to cocaine dependence in three of these miRNA genes, supporting the idea that genes differentially expressed under cocaine may play an important role in the susceptibility to cocaine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Cabana-Domínguez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Concepció Arenas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.
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Miller BW, Wroten MG, Sacramento AD, Silva HE, Shin CB, Vieira PA, Ben-Shahar O, Kippin TE, Szumlinski KK. Cocaine craving during protracted withdrawal requires PKCε priming within vmPFC. Addict Biol 2017; 22:629-639. [PMID: 26769453 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In individuals with a history of drug taking, the capacity of drug-associated cues to elicit indices of drug craving intensifies or incubates with the passage of time during drug abstinence. This incubation of cocaine craving, as well as difficulties with learning to suppress drug-seeking behavior during protracted withdrawal, are associated with a time-dependent deregulation of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) function. As the molecular bases for cocaine-related vmPFC deregulation remain elusive, the present study assayed the consequences of extended access to intravenous cocaine (6 hours/day; 0.25 mg/infusion for 10 day) on the activational state of protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε), an enzyme highly implicated in drug-induced neuroplasticity. The opportunity to engage in cocaine seeking during cocaine abstinence time-dependently altered PKCε phosphorylation within vmPFC, with reduced and increased p-PKCε expression observed in early (3 days) and protracted (30 days) withdrawal, respectively. This effect was more robust within the ventromedial versus dorsomedial PFC, was not observed in comparable cocaine-experienced rats not tested for drug-seeking behavior and was distinct from the rise in phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase observed in cocaine-seeking rats. Further, the impact of inhibiting PKCε translocation within the vmPFC using TAT infusion proteins upon cue-elicited responding was determined and inhibition coinciding with the period of testing attenuated cocaine-seeking behavior, with an effect also apparent the next day. In contrast, inhibitor pretreatment prior to testing during early withdrawal was without effect. Thus, a history of excessive cocaine taking influences the cue reactivity of important intracellular signaling molecules within the vmPFC, with PKCε playing a critical role in the manifestation of cue-elicited cocaine seeking during protracted drug withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey W. Miller
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; University of California Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Melissa G. Wroten
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; University of California Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Arianne D. Sacramento
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; University of California Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Hannah E. Silva
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; University of California Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Christina B. Shin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; University of California Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Philip A. Vieira
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; University of California Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Osnat Ben-Shahar
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; University of California Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Tod E. Kippin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; University of California Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Karen K. Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; University of California Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara CA USA
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García-Pardo MP, Roger-Sanchez C, Rodríguez-Arias M, Miñarro J, Aguilar MA. Pharmacological modulation of protein kinases as a new approach to treat addiction to cocaine and opiates. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 781:10-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Jung YH, Lee SJ, Oh SY, Lee HJ, Ryu JM, Han HJ. Oleic acid enhances the motility of umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells through EphB2-dependent F-actin formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1905-17. [PMID: 25962624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) is essential for determining stem cell functions. Eph/Ephrin interactions are important for regulation of stem cell fate and localization within their niche, which is significant for a wide range of stem cell behavior. Although oleic acid (OA) and Ephrin receptors (Ephs) have critical roles in the maintenance of stem cell functions, interrelation between Ephs and OA has not been explored. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of OA-pretreated UCB-MSCs in skin wound-healing and underlying mechanism of Eph expression. OA promoted the motility of UCB-MSCs via EphB2 expression. OA-mediated GPR40 activation leads to Gαq-dependent PKCα phosphorylation. In addition, OA-induced phosphorylation of GSK3β was followed by β-catenin nuclear translocation in UCB-MSCs. Activation of β-catenin was blocked by PKC inhibitors, and OA-induced EphB2 expression was suppressed by β-cateninsiRNA transfection. Of those Rho-GTPases, Rac1 was activated in an EphB2-dependent manner. Accordingly, knocking down EphB2 suppressed F-actin expression. In vivo skin wound-healing assay revealed that OA-treated UCB-MSCs enhanced skin wound repair compared to UCB-MSCs pretreated with EphB2siRNA and OA. In conclusion, we showed that OA enhances UCB-MSC motility through EphB2-dependent F-actin formation involving PKCα/GSK3β/β-catenin and Rac1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea; BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea
| | - Sei-Jung Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea; BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea
| | - Sang Yub Oh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea; BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea; BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Ryu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea; BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea; BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-741, South Korea.
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Chen R, Daining CP, Sun H, Fraser R, Stokes SL, Leitges M, Gnegy ME. Protein kinase Cβ is a modulator of the dopamine D2 autoreceptor-activated trafficking of the dopamine transporter. J Neurochem 2013; 125:663-72. [PMID: 23458603 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The strength and duration of extracellular dopamine concentrations are regulated by the presynaptic dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine D2 autoreceptors (D2autoRs). There is a functional interaction between these two proteins. Activation of D2autoRs increases DAT trafficking to the surface whereas disruption of this interaction compromises activities of both proteins and alters dopaminergic transmission. Previously we reported that DAT expression and activity are subject to modulation by protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ). Here, we further demonstrate that PKCβ is integral for the interaction between DAT and D2autoR. Inhibition or absence of PKCβ abolished the communication between DAT and D2autoR. In mouse striatal synaptosomes and transfected N2A cells, the D2autoR-stimulated membrane insertion of DAT was abolished by PKCβ inhibition. Moreover, D2autoR-stimulated DAT trafficking is mediated by a PKCβ-extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling cascade where PKCβ is upstream of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. The increased surface DAT expression upon D2autoR activation resulted from enhanced DAT recycling as opposed to reduced internalization. Further, PKCβ promoted accelerated DAT recycling. Our study demonstrates that PKCβ critically regulates D2autoR-activated DAT trafficking and dopaminergic signaling. PKCβ is a potential drug target for correcting abnormal extracellular dopamine levels in diseases such as drug addiction and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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