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Alves SAS, Teixeira DE, Peruchetti DB, Silva LS, Brandão LFP, Caruso-Neves C, Pinheiro AAS. Bradykinin produced during Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic cycle drives monocyte adhesion to human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Brain Res 2024; 1822:148669. [PMID: 37951562 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) pathogenesis is described as a multistep mechanism. In this context, monocytes have been implicated in CM pathogenesis by increasing the sequestration of infected red blood cells to the brain microvasculature. In disease, endothelial activation is followed by reduced monocyte rolling and increased adhesion. Nowadays, an important challenge is to identify potential pro-inflammatory stimuli that can modulate monocytes behavior. Our group have demonstrated that bradykinin (BK), a pro-inflammatory peptide involved in CM, is generated during the erythrocytic cycle of P. falciparum and is detected in culture supernatant (conditioned medium). Herein we investigated the role of BK in the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells of blood brain barrier (BBB). To address this issue human monocytic cell line (THP-1) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) were used. It was observed that 20% conditioned medium from P. falciparum infected erythrocytes (Pf-iRBC sup) increased the adhesion of THP-1 cells to hBMECs. This effect was mediated by BK through the activation of B2 and B1 receptors and involves the increase in ICAM-1 expression in THP-1 cells. Additionally, it was observed that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril, enhanced the effect of both BK and Pf-iRBC sup on THP-1 adhesion. Together these data show that BK, generated during the erythrocytic cycle of P. falciparum, could play an important role in adhesion of monocytes in endothelial cells lining the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A S Alves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas E Teixeira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo B Peruchetti
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe P Brandão
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, INCT-Regenera, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCTIC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health - NanoSAUDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Acacia S Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health - NanoSAUDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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2
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Lapi D, Cammalleri M, Dal Monte M, Di Maro M, Santillo M, Belfiore A, Nasti G, Damiano S, Trio R, Chiurazzi M, De Conno B, Serao N, Mondola P, Colantuoni A, Guida B. The Effects of Angiotensin II or Angiotensin 1-7 on Rat Pial Microcirculation during Hypoperfusion and Reperfusion Injury: Role of Redox Stress. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121861. [PMID: 34944506 PMCID: PMC8699607 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin systems produce angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), which are able to induce opposite effects on circulation. This study in vivo assessed the effects induced by Ang II or Ang 1-7 on rat pial microcirculation during hypoperfusion-reperfusion, clarifying the mechanisms causing the imbalance between Ang II and Ang 1-7. The fluorescence microscopy was used to quantify the microvascular parameters. Hypoperfusion and reperfusion caused vasoconstriction, disruption of blood-brain barrier, reduction of capillary perfusion and an increase in reactive oxygen species production. Rats treated with Ang II showed exacerbated microvascular damage with stronger vasoconstriction compared to hypoperfused rats, a further increase in leakage, higher decrease in capillary perfusion and marker oxidative stress. Candesartan cilexetil (specific Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist) administration prior to Ang II prevented the effects induced by Ang II, blunting the hypoperfusion-reperfusion injury. Ang 1-7 or ACE2 activator administration, preserved the pial microcirculation from hypoperfusion-reperfusion damage. These effects of Ang 1-7 were blunted by a Mas (Mas oncogene-encoded protein) receptor antagonist, while Ang II type 2 receptor antagonists did not affect Ang 1-7-induced changes. In conclusion, Ang II and Ang 1-7 triggered different mechanisms through AT1R or MAS receptors able to affect cerebral microvascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominga Lapi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno, 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2211433
| | - Maurizio Cammalleri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno, 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Massimo Dal Monte
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno, 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Martina Di Maro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (G.N.); (S.D.); (R.T.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (N.S.); (P.M.); (A.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Mariarosaria Santillo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (G.N.); (S.D.); (R.T.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (N.S.); (P.M.); (A.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Anna Belfiore
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (G.N.); (S.D.); (R.T.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (N.S.); (P.M.); (A.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Gilda Nasti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (G.N.); (S.D.); (R.T.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (N.S.); (P.M.); (A.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Simona Damiano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (G.N.); (S.D.); (R.T.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (N.S.); (P.M.); (A.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Rossella Trio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (G.N.); (S.D.); (R.T.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (N.S.); (P.M.); (A.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Martina Chiurazzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (G.N.); (S.D.); (R.T.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (N.S.); (P.M.); (A.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Barbara De Conno
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (G.N.); (S.D.); (R.T.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (N.S.); (P.M.); (A.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Nicola Serao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (G.N.); (S.D.); (R.T.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (N.S.); (P.M.); (A.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Paolo Mondola
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (G.N.); (S.D.); (R.T.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (N.S.); (P.M.); (A.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Antonio Colantuoni
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (G.N.); (S.D.); (R.T.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (N.S.); (P.M.); (A.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Bruna Guida
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (G.N.); (S.D.); (R.T.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (N.S.); (P.M.); (A.C.); (B.G.)
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Astragaloside and/or Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Attenuates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Cultured Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cell Death through Downregulation of PHLPP-1. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3597527. [PMID: 33381198 PMCID: PMC7755473 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3597527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of ischemic stroke, a life-threatening condition in humans, amongst Asians is high and the prognosis is poor. In the absence of effective therapeutics, traditional Chinese medicines have been used that have shown promising results. It is crucial to identify traditional Chinese medicine formulas that protect the blood-brain barrier, which is damaged by an ischemic stroke. In this study, we aimed to elucidate such formulas. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were used to establish an in vitro ischemia-reperfusion model for oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) experiments to evaluate the function of two traditional Chinese medicines, namely, astragaloside (AS-IV) and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), in protecting against BMEC. Our results revealed that AS-IV and HSYA attenuated the cell loss caused by OGD by increasing cell proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis. In addition, these compounds promoted the migration and invasion of BMECs in vitro. Furthermore, we found that BMECs rescued by AS-IV and HSYA could be functionally activated in vitro, with AS-IV and HSYA showing synergetic effects in rescuing BMECs survival in vitro by reducing the expression of PHLPP-1 and activating Akt signaling. Our results elucidated the potential of AS-IV and HSYA in the prevention and treatment of stroke by protecting against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Mahmudpour M, Roozbeh J, Keshavarz M, Farrokhi S, Nabipour I. COVID-19 cytokine storm: The anger of inflammation. Cytokine 2020; 133:155151. [PMID: 32544563 PMCID: PMC7260598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with COVID-19 who require ICU admission might have the cytokine storm. It is a state of out-of-control release of a variety of inflammatory cytokines. The molecular mechanism of the cytokine storm has not been explored extensively yet. The attachment of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as its cellular receptor, triggers complex molecular events that leads to hyperinflammation. Four molecular axes that may be involved in SARS-CoV-2 driven inflammatory cytokine overproduction are addressed in this work. The virus-mediated down-regulation of ACE2 causes a burst of inflammatory cytokine release through dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (ACE/angiotensin II/AT1R axis), attenuation of Mas receptor (ACE2/MasR axis), increased activation of [des-Arg9]-bradykinin (ACE2/bradykinin B1R/DABK axis), and activation of the complement system including C5a and C5b-9 components. The molecular clarification of these axes will elucidate an array of therapeutic strategies to confront the cytokine storm in order to prevent and treat COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mahmudpour
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Jamshid Roozbeh
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Keshavarz
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Shokrollah Farrokhi
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Future Studies Group, The Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R., Iran.
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5
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Thrombosis in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through the prism of Virchow's triad. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:2529-2543. [PMID: 32654082 PMCID: PMC7353835 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is gradually being comprehended. A high number of thrombotic episodes are reported, along with the mortality benefits of heparin. COVID-19 can be viewed as a prothrombotic disease. We overviewed the available evidence to explore this possibility. We identified various histopathology reports and clinical case series reporting thromboses in COVID-19. Also, multiple coagulation markers support this. COVID-19 can be regarded as a risk factor for thrombosis. Applying the principles of Virchow's triad, we described abnormalities in the vascular endothelium, altered blood flow, and platelet function abnormalities that lead to venous and arterial thromboses in COVID-19. Endothelial dysfunction, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) with the release of procoagulant plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and hyperimmune response with activated platelets seem to be significant contributors to thrombogenesis in COVID-19. Stratifying risk of COVID-19 thromboses should be based on age, presence of comorbidities, D-dimer, CT scoring, and various blood cell ratios. Isolated heparin therapy may not be sufficient to combat thrombosis in this disease. There is an urgent need to explore newer avenues like activated protein C, PAI-1 antagonists, and tissue plasminogen activators (tPA). These should be augmented with therapies targeting RAAS, antiplatelet drugs, repurposed antiinflammatory, and antirheumatic drugs. Key Points • Venous and arterial thromboses in COVID-19 can be viewed through the prism of Virchow's triad. • Endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, hyperviscosity, and blood flow abnormalities due to hypoxia, immune reactions, and hypercoagulability lead to thrombogenesis in COVID-19. • There is an urgent need to stratify COVID-19 patients at risk for thrombosis using age, comorbidities, D-dimer, and CT scoring. • Patients with COVID-19 at high risk for thrombosis should be put on high dose heparin therapy.
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6
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Gauberti M, Potzeha F, Vivien D, Martinez de Lizarrondo S. Impact of Bradykinin Generation During Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:195. [PMID: 30018956 PMCID: PMC6037726 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Current medical management in the acute phase is based on the activation of the fibrinolytic cascade by intravenous injection of a plasminogen activator (such as tissue-type plasminogen activator, tPA) that promotes restauration of the cerebral blood flow and improves stroke outcome. Unfortunately, the use of tPA is associated with deleterious effects such as hemorrhagic transformation, symptomatic brain edema, and angioedema, which limit the efficacy of this therapeutic strategy. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that intravenous thrombolysis generates large amounts of bradykinin, a peptide with potent pro-inflammatory, and pro-edematous effects. This tPA-triggered generation of bradykinin could participate in the deleterious effects of thrombolysis and is a potential target to improve neurological outcome in tPA-treated patients. The present review aims at summarizing current evidence linking thrombolysis, bradykinin generation, and neurovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauberti
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S U1237, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" PhIND, Caen, France.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Caen Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Fanny Potzeha
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S U1237, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" PhIND, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S U1237, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" PhIND, Caen, France.,Department of Clinical Research, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Caen, Caen, France
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S U1237, "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" PhIND, Caen, France
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Nokkari A, Abou-El-Hassan H, Mechref Y, Mondello S, Kindy MS, Jaffa AA, Kobeissy F. Implication of the Kallikrein-Kinin system in neurological disorders: Quest for potential biomarkers and mechanisms. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 165-167:26-50. [PMID: 29355711 PMCID: PMC6026079 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders represent major health concerns in terms of comorbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite a tremendous increase in our understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved in disease progression and prevention, the accumulated knowledge so far resulted in relatively moderate translational benefits in terms of therapeutic interventions and enhanced clinical outcomes. Aiming at specific neural molecular pathways, different strategies have been geared to target the development and progression of such disorders. The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is among the most delineated candidate systems due to its ubiquitous roles mediating several of the pathophysiological features of these neurological disorders as well as being implicated in regulating various brain functions. Several experimental KKS models revealed that the inhibition or stimulation of the two receptors of the KKS system (B1R and B2R) can exhibit neuroprotective and/or adverse pathological outcomes. This updated review provides background details of the KKS components and their functions in different neurological disorders including temporal lobe epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, stroke, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and glioma. Finally, this work will highlight the putative roles of the KKS components as potential neurotherapeutic targets and provide future perspectives on the possibility of translating these findings into potential clinical biomarkers in neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaly Nokkari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mark S Kindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; James A. Haley VA Medical Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ayad A Jaffa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Medicine, Medical University of South, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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8
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Sodhi CP, Wohlford-Lenane C, Yamaguchi Y, Prindle T, Fulton WB, Wang S, McCray PB, Chappell M, Hackam DJ, Jia H. Attenuation of pulmonary ACE2 activity impairs inactivation of des-Arg 9 bradykinin/BKB1R axis and facilitates LPS-induced neutrophil infiltration. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L17-L31. [PMID: 28935640 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00498.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a terminal carboxypeptidase with important functions in the renin-angiotensin system and plays a critical role in inflammatory lung diseases. ACE2 cleaves single-terminal residues from several bioactive peptides such as angiotensin II. However, few of its substrates in the respiratory tract have been identified, and the mechanism underlying the role of ACE2 in inflammatory lung disease has not been fully characterized. In an effort to identify biological targets of ACE2 in the lung, we tested its effects on des-Arg9 bradykinin (DABK) in airway epithelial cells on the basis of the hypothesis that DABK is a biological substrate of ACE2 in the lung and ACE2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute lung inflammation partly through modulating DABK/bradykinin receptor B1 (BKB1R) axis signaling. We found that loss of ACE2 function in mouse lung in the setting of endotoxin inhalation led to activation of the DABK/BKB1R axis, release of proinflammatory chemokines such as C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP2), C-X-C motif chemokine 1 (KC), and TNF-α from airway epithelia, increased neutrophil infiltration, and exaggerated lung inflammation and injury. These results indicate that a reduction in pulmonary ACE2 activity contributes to the pathogenesis of lung inflammation, in part because of an impaired ability to inhibit DABK/BKB1R axis-mediated signaling, resulting in more prompt onset of neutrophil infiltration and more severe inflammation in the lung. Our study identifies a biological substrate of ACE2 within the airways, as well as a potential new therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhinder P Sodhi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Yukihiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas Prindle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William B Fulton
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sanxia Wang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Paul B McCray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mark Chappell
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - David J Hackam
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hongpeng Jia
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
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9
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Nemethova M, Talian I, Danielisova V, Tkacikova S, Bonova P, Bober P, Matiasova M, Sabo J, Burda J. Delayed bradykinin postconditioning modulates intrinsic neuroprotective enzyme expression in the rat CA1 region after cerebral ischemia: a proteomic study. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:1391-1403. [PMID: 27393013 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyramidal cells in the CA1 brain region exhibit an ischemic tolerance after delayed postconditioning; therefore, this approach seems to be a promising neuroprotective procedure in cerebral postischemic injury improvement. However, little is known about the effect of postconditioning on protein expression patterns in the brain, especially in the affected hippocampal neurons after global cerebral ischemia. This study is focused on the examination of the ischemia-vulnerable CA1 neuronal layer and on the acquisition of protection from delayed neuronal death after ischemia. Ischemic-reperfusion injury was induced in Wistar rats and bradykinin was applied 2 days after the ischemic insult in an attempt to overcome delayed cell death. Analysis of complex peptide CA1 samples was performed by automated two dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) fractionation coupled to tandem matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry instrumentation. We devoted our attention to differences in protein expression mapping in ischemic injured CA1 neurons in comparison with equally affected neurons, but with bradykinin application. Proteomic analysis identified several proteins occurring only after postconditioning and control, which could have a potentially neuroprotective influence on ischemic injured neurons. Among them, the prominent position occupies a regulator of glutamate level aspartate transaminase AATC, a scavenger of glutamate in brain neuroprotection after ischemia-reperfusion. We identified this enzyme in controls and after postconditioning, but AATC presence was not detected in the ischemic injured CA1 region. This finding was confirmed by two-dimensional differential electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS identification. Results suggest that bradykinin as delayed postconditioning may be associated with modulation of protein expression after ischemic injury and thus this procedure can be involved in neuroprotective metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Talian
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | | | - Sona Tkacikova
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Petra Bonova
- Institute of Neurobiology, SAS, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Bober
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | | | - Jan Sabo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Burda
- Institute of Neurobiology, SAS, Kosice, Slovakia
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10
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Yu QJ, Tao H, Wang X, Li MC. Targeting brain microvascular endothelial cells: a therapeutic approach to neuroprotection against stroke. Neural Regen Res 2016; 10:1882-91. [PMID: 26807131 PMCID: PMC4705808 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.170324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain microvascular endothelial cells form the interface between nervous tissue and circulating blood, and regulate central nervous system homeostasis. Brain microvascular endothelial cells differ from peripheral endothelial cells with regards expression of specific ion transporters and receptors, and contain fewer fenestrations and pinocytotic vesicles. Brain microvascular endothelial cells also synthesize several factors that influence blood vessel function. This review describes the morphological characteristics and functions of brain microvascular endothelial cells, and summarizes current knowledge regarding changes in brain microvascular endothelial cells during stroke progression and therapies. Future studies should focus on identifying mechanisms underlying such changes and developing possible neuroprotective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jin Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming-Chang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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