1
|
Obis E, Sol J, Andres-Benito P, Martín-Gari M, Mota-Martorell N, Galo-Licona JD, Piñol-Ripoll G, Portero-Otin M, Ferrer I, Jové M, Pamplona R. Lipidomic Alterations in the Cerebral Cortex and White Matter in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1887-1916. [PMID: 37196109 PMCID: PMC10529741 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-targeted LC-MS/MS-based lipidomic analysis was conducted in post-mortem human grey matter frontal cortex area 8 (GM) and white matter of the frontal lobe centrum semi-ovale (WM) to identify lipidome fingerprints in middle-aged individuals with no neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, and cases at progressive stages of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Complementary data were obtained using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that WM presents an adaptive lipid phenotype resistant to lipid peroxidation, characterized by a lower fatty acid unsaturation, peroxidizability index, and higher ether lipid content than the GM. Changes in the lipidomic profile are more marked in the WM than in GM in AD with disease progression. Four functional categories are associated with the different lipid classes affected in sAD: membrane structural composition, bioenergetics, antioxidant protection, and bioactive lipids, with deleterious consequences affecting both neurons and glial cells favoring disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elia Obis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Sol
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
- Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Lleida, Spain, Research Support Unit (USR), Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca en Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAP JGol), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Pol Andres-Benito
- CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.
- Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), E-08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Meritxell Martín-Gari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Natàlia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - José Daniel Galo-Licona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Clinical Neuroscience Research, Santa Maria University Hospital, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.
- Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), E-08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu X, You J, Chen X, Zhou M, Ma H, Zhang T, Huang C. An overview of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning against ischemic stroke. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:855-872. [PMID: 36729260 PMCID: PMC10106353 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) has become the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the prevention of IS should be given high priority. Recent studies have indicated that hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) may be a protective nonpharmacological method, but its underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. This study comprehensively reviewed the pathophysiology of IS and revealed the underlying mechanism of HBO-PC in protection against IS. The preventive effects of HBO-PC against IS may include inducing antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis capacity; activating autophagy and immune responses; upregulating heat shock proteins, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, and erythropoietin; and exerting protective effects upon the blood-brain barrier. In addition, HBO-PC may be considered a safe and effective method to prevent IS in combination with stem cell therapy. Although the benefits of HBO-PC on IS have been widely observed in recent research, the implementation of this technique is still controversial due to regimen differences. Transferring the results to clinical application needs to be taken carefully, and screening for the optimal regimen would be a daunting task. In addition, whether we should prescribe an individualized preconditioning regimen to each stroke patient needs further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Wu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiuhong You
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianle Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang L, Zhou Y, Gou ZX, Zhang F, Lu LQ. Docosahexaenoic acid reduces hypoglycemia-induced neuronal necroptosis via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/nuclear factor-κB pathway. Brain Res 2022; 1774:147708. [PMID: 34785255 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
DHA has been shown to be neuroprotective and important to neurogenesis, but its role in HG-induced brain injury and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. To elucidate the therapeutic effect of DHA, we established a mouse model with insulin-induced hypoglycemic brain injury and an in vitro model of HT-22 cells using a sugar-free medium. DHA treatment significantly reduced neuronal death and improved HG-induced learning and memory deficits. Moreover, DHA inhibited neuronal necroptosis and decreased the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and TNFR1. DHA also activated PPAR-γ and suppressed the NF-κB pathway in mouse brain tissues. In vitro, DHA treatment restored the viability and decreased necroptosis of HT-22 cells treated with glucose deprivation. However, the inhibition of PPAR-γ with T0070907 reversed neuroprotective and anti-necroptosis effects of DHA in HG-induced brain injury, which is associated with the activation of the downstream NF-κB pathway. We conclude that DHA displays a protective effect against HG-induced brain injury through the PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway and represents a promising method to prevent HG-induced brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 290 West Second Street, Shayan Road, 610031, Sichuan, China; Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of ChengDu Medical College Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of ChengDu Medical College Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Gou
- Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of ChengDu Medical College Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of ChengDu Medical College Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Qun Lu
- Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of ChengDu Medical College Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mannan A, Garg N, Singh TG, Kang HK. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma (PPAR-ɣ): Molecular Effects and Its Importance as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Cerebral Ischemic Injury. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2800-2831. [PMID: 34282491 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic injury is a leading cause of death and long-term disability throughout the world. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-ɣ) is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor that is a member of the PPAR family. PPAR-ɣ has been shown in several in vitro and in vivo models to prevent post-ischemic inflammation and neuronal damage by negatively controlling the expression of genes modulated by cerebral ischemic injury, indicating a neuroprotective effect during cerebral ischemic injury. A extensive literature review of PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the nature of the extensive work done on the mechanistic role of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and its modulation in Cerebral ischemic injury. PPAR-ɣ can interact with specific DNA response elements to control gene transcription and expression when triggered by its ligand. It regulates lipid metabolism, improves insulin sensitivity, modulates antitumor mechanisms, reduces oxidative stress, and inhibits inflammation. This review article provides insights on the current state of research into the neuroprotective effects of PPAR-ɣ in cerebral ischemic injury, as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these effects are modulated, such as inhibition of inflammation, reduction of oxidative stress, suppression of pro-apoptotic production, modulation of transcription factors, and restoration of injured tissue through neurogenesis and angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Harmeet Kaur Kang
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lithium and Atypical Antipsychotics: The Possible WNT/β Pathway Target in Glaucoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050473. [PMID: 33925885 PMCID: PMC8146329 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that represents the major cause of irreversible blindness. Recent findings have shown which oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamatergic pathway have main roles in the causes of glaucoma. Lithium is the major commonly used drug for the therapy of chronic mental illness. Lithium therapeutic mechanisms remain complex, including several pathways and gene expression, such as neurotransmitter and receptors, circadian modulation, ion transport, and signal transduction processes. Recent studies have shown that the benefits of lithium extend beyond just the therapy of mood. Neuroprotection against excitotoxicity or brain damages are other actions of lithium. Moreover, recent findings have investigated the role of lithium in glaucoma. The combination of lithium and atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) has been the main common choice for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Due to the possible side effects gradually introduced in therapy. Currently, no studies have focused on the possible actions of AAPs in glaucoma. Recent studies have shown a down regulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway in glaucoma, associated with the overactivation of the GSK-3β signaling. The WNT/β-catenin pathway is mainly associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and glutamatergic pathway. Lithium is correlated with upregulation the WNT/β-catenin pathway and downregulation of the GSK-3β activity. Thus, this review focuses on the possible actions of lithium and AAPs, as possible therapeutic strategies, on glaucoma and some of the presumed mechanisms by which these drugs provide their possible benefit properties through the WNT/β-catenin pathway.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang R, Zhao T, Zheng B, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang F, Cen J, Duan S. Curcumin Derivative Cur20 Attenuated Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Antioxidant Effect and HIF-1α/VEGF/TFEB-Activated Angiogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:648107. [PMID: 33935747 PMCID: PMC8082391 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.648107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a curcumin derivative Cur20 was synthesized for better hydrolytic stability, which showed a higher angiogenic effect on zebrafish model than curcumin. In order to reveal the potential effects on neuroprotection, a mouse model of vascular dementia (VaD) induced by permanent right common carotid artery occlusion (rUCCAO) was established. After two weeks of curcumin administration, the cognitive function of mice was detected by Morris water maze and Y maze. The alteration on oxidative injuries and morphological damage were also analyzed by reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, GSH, malondialdehyde tests, and Nissl stain on cortex/hippocampus. The angiogenesis and related signal factors were evaluated as well. The results showed that Cur20 significantly attenuated the cognitive dysfunction and histopathological changes of the VaD mice with enhanced antioxidant system and angiogenesis. In addition, primary rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (rBMECs) with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) were applied to further verify the possible mechanisms of Cur20-induced angiogenesis. The results demonstrated that the proliferation effect and the activation of pro-angiogenesis factors such as HIF-1α, VEGF, and TFEB might contribute to the protection of ischemic injury. Based on the above, our conclusion is that Cur20 can be considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for VaD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tingkui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Beibei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Juan Cen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shaofeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Efficacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vallée A, Vallée JN, Lecarpentier Y. Lithium: a potential therapeutic strategy in obsessive-compulsive disorder by targeting the canonical WNT/β pathway. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:204. [PMID: 33828076 PMCID: PMC8027628 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized b-y recurrent and distinctive obsessions and/or compulsions. The etiologies remain unclear. Recent findings have shown that oxidative stress, inflammation, and the glutamatergic pathway play key roles in the causes of OCD. However, first-line therapies include cognitive-behavioral therapy but only 40% of the patients respond to this first-line therapy. Research for a new treatment is mandatory. This review focuses on the potential effects of lithium, as a potential therapeutic strategy, on OCD and some of the presumed mechanisms by which lithium provides its benefit properties. Lithium medication downregulates GSK-3β, the main inhibitor of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. The activation of the WNT/β-catenin could be associated with the control of oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamatergic pathway. Future prospective clinical trials could focus on lithium and its different and multiple interactions in OCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, 92150, Suresnes, France.
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), 77100, Meaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sriwastva MK, Kunjunni R, Andrabi M, Prasad K, Saxena R, Subbiah V. Neuroprotective Effects of Activated Protein C Involve the PARP/AIF Pathway against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in SH-SY5Y Cells. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120959. [PMID: 33321687 PMCID: PMC7764138 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein C, a member of the zymogen family of serine proteases in plasma, is one of the several vitamin K dependent glycoproteins known to induce anti-apoptotic activity. However, the target molecule involved in the mechanism needs to be investigated. We sought to investigate the pathways involved in the anti-apoptotic role of activated protein C (APC) on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) induced ischemic conditions in in-vitro SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to OGD in an airtight chamber containing 95% N2 and 5% CO2 and media deprived of glucose for 4 h following 24 h of reoxygenation. The cell toxicity, viability, expression of receptors such as endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR), protease-activated receptor (PAR)1, PAR3, and apoptosis-related proteins B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), BCL-2-like protein 4 (Bax), Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase-1 (PARP-1) were assessed. Administration of APC decreased the cellular injury when compared to the OGD exposed group in a dose-dependent manner and displayed increased expression of PAR-1, PAR-3, and EPCR. The APC treatment leads to a reduction in PARP-1 expression and cleavage and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) expression. The reduction of caspase-3 activity and PARP-1 and AIF expression following APC administration results in restoring mitochondrial function with decreased cellular injury and apoptosis. Our results suggested that APC has potent protective effects against in-vitro ischemia in SH-SY5Y cells by modulating mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Sriwastva
- Department of Neurobiochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (R.K.); (M.A.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-112659-4488
| | - Remesh Kunjunni
- Department of Neurobiochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (R.K.); (M.A.); (V.S.)
| | - Mutahar Andrabi
- Department of Neurobiochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (R.K.); (M.A.); (V.S.)
| | - Kameshwar Prasad
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Renu Saxena
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Vivekanandhan Subbiah
- Department of Neurobiochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (R.K.); (M.A.); (V.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ding Y, Kang J, Liu S, Xu Y, Shao B. The Protective Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:588516. [PMID: 33281727 PMCID: PMC7705069 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.588516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a complex pathological process that often occurs secondary to trauma, surgery, and shock. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a subunit of the PPAR and is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor. After being activated by its ligand, PPARγ can combine with specific DNA response elements to regulate the transcription and expression of genes. It has a wide range of biological functions, such as regulating lipid metabolism, improving insulin sensitivity, modulating anti-tumor mechanisms, and inhibiting inflammation. In recent years, some studies have shown that PPARγ exerts a protective effect during CI/RI. This article aims to summarize the research progress of studies that have investigated the protective effects of PPARγ in CI/RI and the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which these effects are modulated, including inhibition of excitatory amino acid toxicity, reduced Ca2+ overload, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, inhibition of microglial activation, maintain the BBB, promotion of angiogenesis, and neurogenesis and anti-apoptotic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Ding
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Kang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Xu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baoping Shao
- College of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cozene B, Sadanandan N, Gonzales-Portillo B, Saft M, Cho J, Park YJ, Borlongan CV. An Extra Breath of Fresh Air: Hyperbaric Oxygenation as a Stroke Therapeutic. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1279. [PMID: 32899709 PMCID: PMC7563917 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke serves as a life-threatening disease and continues to face many challenges in the development of safe and effective therapeutic options. The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) demonstrates pre-clinical effectiveness for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and reports reductions in oxidative stress, inflammation, and neural apoptosis. These pathophysiological benefits contribute to improved functional recovery. Current pre-clinical and clinical studies are testing the applications of HBOT for stroke neuroprotection, including its use as a preconditioning regimen. Mild oxidative stress may be able to prime the brain to tolerate full extensive oxidative stress that occurs during a stroke, and HBOT preconditioning has displayed efficacy in establishing such ischemic tolerance. In this review, evidence on the use of HBOT following an ischemic stroke is examined, and the potential for HBOT preconditioning as a neuroprotective strategy. Additionally, HBOT as a stem cell preconditioning is also discussed as a promising strategy, thus maximizing the use of HBOT for ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.C.); (N.S.); (B.G.-P.); (M.S.); (J.C.); (Y.J.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Weng QF, Chen GB, Xu MG, Long RT, Wang H, Wang XY, Jiang CN, Yi XN. Upregulation of PPAR-gamma activity inhibits cyclooxygenase 2 expression in cortical neurons with N-methyl-d-aspartic acid induced excitatory neurotoxicity. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1634488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Fang Weng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, PR China
| | - Guo-Bin Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, PR China
| | - Min-Guang Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, PR China
| | - Ru-Tao Long
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, PR China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, PR China
| | - Chao-Na Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, PR China
| | - Xi-Nan Yi
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Koufakis T, Karras SN, Mustafa OG, Karangelis D, Zebekakis P, Kotsa K. Into the deep blue sea: A review of the safety of recreational diving in people with diabetes mellitus. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:1-16. [PMID: 31013208 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1606286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
People with diabetes, particularly those being insulin treated, have been for many years considered ineligible for diving, because of the high risk of adverse events. Blood glucose levels tend to decline during diving, probably because of changes in insulin requirements and resistance, due to increased physical activity and effects of hyperbaric environment on glucose tolerance. Strict adherence to safety protocols, in conjunction with optimal physical status, lack of diabetic complications (especially impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia) and satisfactory baseline glycaemic control, seem to minimise the risk of complications during diving. The integration of modern technology into diabetes management, providing potential for underwater continuous glucose monitoring, can be useful in optimising metabolic control before, during and after diving. Despite the significant progress been made on safety issues, there is still a need to implement the relevant recommendations into divers' everyday practice. Existing evidence is mainly derived from small studies and there is a wide heterogeneity in terms of study designs and explored outcomes, rendering the extraction of definitive conclusions challenging. The aim of this review is to present and critically evaluate available evidence, use of technology, and gaps in existing knowledge that deserve further evaluation by future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis Koufakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyridon N Karras
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Omar G Mustafa
- Department of Diabetes, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dimos Karangelis
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Athens Medical Center, Marousi, Greece
| | - Pantelis Zebekakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tchirikov M, Saling E, Bapayeva G, Bucher M, Thews O, Seliger G. Hyperbaric oxygenation and glucose/amino acids substitution in human severe placental insufficiency. Physiol Rep 2019. [PMID: 29536649 PMCID: PMC5849598 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the first case, the AA and glucose were infused through a perinatal port system into the umbilical vein at 30 weeks' gestation due to severe IUGR. The patient received daily hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO, 100% O2) with 1.4 atmospheres absolute for 50 min for 7 days. At 31+4 weeks' gestation, the patient gave birth spontaneously to a newborn weighing 1378 g, pH 7.33, APGAR score 4/6/intubation. In follow‐up examinations at 5 years of age, the boy was doing well without any neurological disturbance or developmental delay. In the second case, the patient presented at 25/5 weeks' gestation suffering from severe IUGR received HBO and maternal AA infusions. The cardiotocography was monitored continuously during HBO treatment. The short‐time variations improved during HBO from 2.9 to 9 msec. The patient developed pathologic CTG and uterine contractions 1 day later and gave birth to a hypotrophic newborn weighing 420 g. After initial adequate stabilization, the extremely preterm newborn unfortunately died 6 days later. Fetal nutrition combined with HBO is technically possible and may allow the prolongation of the pregnancy. Fetal‐specific amino‐acid composition would facilitate the treatment options of IUGR fetuses and extremely preterm newborn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tchirikov
- Center of Fetal Surgery, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Erich Saling
- Saling Institute of Perinatal Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gauri Bapayeva
- National Research Center for Mother and Child Health, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Michael Bucher
- Center of HBO, University Clinic of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Oliver Thews
- Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Gregor Seliger
- Center of Fetal Surgery, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
王 虎, 樊 嘉, 陈 婉, 高 震, 张 桂, 吴 海, 俞 小. [Activation of PPARγ pathway enhances cellular anti-oxidant capacity to protect long-term cultured primary rat neural cells from apoptosis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:23-29. [PMID: 30692062 PMCID: PMC6765588 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect of enhanced peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathway against apoptosis of long-term cultured primary nerve cells. METHODS A natural aging model was established in primary rat nerve cells by long-term culture for 22 days. The cells were divided into control group, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10 μmol/L GW9662 intervention groups, and 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10 μmol/L pioglitazone intervention groups. The cell viability was assessed using MTT assay and the cell morphological changes were observed after the treatments to determine the optimal concentrations of GW9662 and pioglitazone. Double immunofluorescence labeling and flow cytometry were used to observe the changes in the number of viable cells and cell apoptosis following the treatments; immunocytochemical staining was used to assess the changes in the anti-oxidation ability of the treated cells. RESULTS The optimal concentrations of GW9662 and pioglitazone determined based on the cell viability and morphological changes were both 1 μmol/L. Compared with the control group, GW9662 treatment significantly lowered while pioglitazone significantly increased the total cell number and nerve cell counts (P < 0.05), and nerve cells in the cell cultures maintained a constant ratio at about 80% in all the groups (P > 0.05). GW9662 significantly enhanced while pioglitazone significantly lowered the cell apoptosis rates compared with the control group (P < 0.05). GW9662 obviously lowered SOD activity and GSH content in G group (P < 0.05) and increased MDA content in the cells (P < 0.05), and pioglitazone resulted in reverse changes in SOD, GSH and MDA contents in the cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Activation of PPARγ pathway protects long-term cultured primary nerve cells by enhancing cellular anti-oxidant capacity and reducing cell apoptosis, suggesting a potential strategy for anti-aging treatment of the nervous system through intervention of the PPARγ pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 虎清 王
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 嘉欣 樊
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 婉莹 陈
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 震 高
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 桂莲 张
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 海琴 吴
- 西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院神经内科,陕西 西安 710004Department of Neurology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - 小瑞 俞
- 西安交通大学医学院医学中心生物化学和分子生物学系,陕西 西安 710004Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao Y, Wang J, Du J, Li B, Gou X, Liu J, Hou L, Sang H, Deng B. TAT-Ngn2 Enhances Cognitive Function Recovery and Regulates Caspase-Dependent and Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathways After Experimental Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:475. [PMID: 30618628 PMCID: PMC6302814 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenin-2 (Ngn2) is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that contributes to the identification and specification of neuronal fate during neurogenesis. In our previous study, we found that Ngn2 plays an important role in alleviating neuronal apoptosis, which may be viewed as an attractive candidate target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. However, novel strategies require an understanding of the function and mechanism of Ngn2 in mature hippocampal neurons after global cerebral ischemic injury. Here, we found that the expression of Ngn2 decreased in the hippocampus after global cerebral ischemic injury in mice and in primary hippocampal neurons after oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. Then, transactivator of transcription (TAT)-Ngn2, which was constructed by fusing a TAT domain to Ngn2, was effectively transported and incorporated into hippocampal neurons after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and enhanced cognitive functional recovery in the acute stage after reperfusion. Furthermore, TAT-Ngn2 alleviated hippocampal neuronal damage and apoptosis, and inhibited the cytochrome C (CytC) leak from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm through regulating the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylation tropomyosin-related kinase B (pTrkB), Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 after reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that the downregulation of Ngn2 expression may have an important role in triggering brain injury after ischemic stroke and that the neuroprotection of TAT-Ngn2 against stroke might involve the modulation of BDNF-TrkB signaling that regulates caspase-dependent and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, which may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jinling Wang
- Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiwei Du
- Department of Nursing, Xiang'an Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Baixiang Li
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiannan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lichao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang'an Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hanfei Sang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang'an Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang'an Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu M, Yang X, Zeng Q, He H, Lu P, Huang G. BIRC5 is a novel target of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ in brain microvascular endothelium cells during cerebral ischemia. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8882-8890. [PMID: 29039513 PMCID: PMC5779969 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a leading cause of ischemic stroke, which may lead to severe disability and mortality worldwide. There are some key factors concerned in cardioprotection, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a ligand binding transcription factor involved in various biological functions including atherosclerosis, vascular dysfunction and hypertension, and baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5), which may protect human brain endothelial cells from ischemia-induced apoptosis. To determine the potential roles of PPARγ in brain microvascular endothelial (bEnd.3) cells during cerebral ischemia and the relationship between PPARγ and BIRC5, a cerebral ischemia model was established with bEnd.3 cells cells by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) treatment. OGD treatment reduced proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of bEnd.3 cells in a time-dependent manner. PPARγ expression levels were decreased in bEnd.3 cells following OGD treatment. Upregulation of PPARγ expression protected bEnd.3 cells from ischemia injury and also upregulated BIRC5 expression. PPARγ-specific binding sites in the BIRC5 promoter were predicted bioinformatically and verified by luciferase reporter experiments. Results from electrophoretic mobility shift/supershift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays suggested that BIRC5 may be a novel target of PPARγ transcriptional regulation during ischemic injury. The present results indicated that PPARγ may serve a protective role on bEnd.3 cells and that BIRC5 may be a downstream target of PPARγ regulation during cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Xianli Yang
- Department of Medical Quality Management, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - He He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Guozhi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma on Brain and Peripheral Inflammation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:121-132. [PMID: 28975471 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases involving diabetes, stroke, cancer, or obesity. It is expressed in diverse cell types, including vessels, immune and glial cells, and neurons. PPARγ plays crucial roles in the regulation of cellular differentiation, lipid metabolism, or glucose homeostasis. PPARγ ligands also exert effects on attenuating degenerative processes in the brain, as well as in peripheral systems, and it has been associated with the control of anti-inflammatory mechanisms, oxidative stress, neuronal death, neurogenesis, differentiation, and angiogenesis. This review will highlight key advances in the understanding of the PPARγ-related mechanisms responsible for neuroprotection after brain injuries, both ischemia and traumatic brain injury, and it will also cover the natural and synthetic agonist for PPARγ, angiotensin receptor blockers, and PPARγ antagonists, used in experimental and clinical research. A better understanding of the pleiotropic mechanisms and applications of these drugs to improve the recovery and to repair the acute and chronic induced neuroinflammation after brain injuries will pave the way for more effective therapeutic strategies after brain deficits.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cheng MC, Pan TM. Glyceryl 1,3-Dipalmitate Produced from Lactobacillus paracasei subspecies. paracasei NTU 101 Inhibits Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Stress via Upregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7926-7933. [PMID: 28829589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glyceryl 1,3-dipalmitate (GD) purified from Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101-fermented products has been demonstrated to possess neuroprotective properties. We determined the effect of GD on oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell death. GD ameliorated OGD/R-induced apoptosis by elevating the protein expression of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), thereby attenuating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Pretreatment with GD reduced nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) expression from 1.54 ± 0.27 to 0.84 ± 0.46, thereby attenuating the induction of pro-inflammatory mediators, and increased the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) levels from 0.81 ± 0.02 to 1.08 ± 0.06, thus reducing the levels of cytosolic Ca2+; this also correlated with reduced cell death. We conclude that GD prevents SH-SY5Y cells from injury after OGD/R insult, possibly by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chun Cheng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University , Number 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University , Number 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wnuk A, Rzemieniec J, Lasoń W, Krzeptowski W, Kajta M. Apoptosis Induced by the UV Filter Benzophenone-3 in Mouse Neuronal Cells Is Mediated via Attenuation of Erα/Pparγ and Stimulation of Erβ/Gpr30 Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2362-2383. [PMID: 28357806 PMCID: PMC5840254 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although benzophenone-3 (BP-3) has frequently been reported to play a role in endocrine disruption, there is insufficient data regarding the impact of BP-3 on the nervous system, including its possible adverse effects on the developing brain. Our study demonstrated that BP-3 caused neurotoxicity and activated apoptosis via an intrinsic pathway involving the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the activation of caspases-9 and -3 and kinases p38/MAPK and Gsk3β. These biochemical alterations were accompanied by ROS production, increased apoptotic body formation and impaired cell survival, and by an upregulation of the genes involved in apoptosis. The BP-3-induced effects were tissue-specific and age-dependent with the most pronounced effects observed in neocortical cells at 7 days in vitro. BP-3 changed the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of Erα, Erβ, Gpr30, and Pparγ in a time-dependent manner. At 3 h of exposure, BP-3 downregulated estrogen receptor mRNAs but upregulated Pparγ mRNA. After prolonged exposures, BP-3 downregulated the receptor mRNAs except for Erβ mRNA that was upregulated. The BP-3-induced patterns of mRNA expression measured at 6 and 24 h of exposure reflected alterations in the protein levels of the receptors and paralleled their immunofluorescent labeling. Erα and Pparγ agonists diminished, but Erβ and Gpr30 agonists stimulated the BP-3-induced apoptotic and neurotoxic effects. Receptor antagonists caused the opposite effects, except for ICI 182,780. This is in line with a substantial reduction in the effects of BP-3 in cells with siRNA-silenced Erβ/Gpr30 and the maintenance of BP-3 effects in Erα- and Pparγ siRNA-transfected cells. We showed for the first time that BP-3-affected mRNA and protein expression levels of Erα, Erβ, Gpr30, and Pparγ, paralleled BP-3-induced apoptosis and neurotoxicity. Therefore, we suggest that BP-3-evoked apoptosis of neuronal cells is mediated via attenuation of Erα/Pparγ and stimulation of Erβ/Gpr30 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wnuk
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna Street 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Rzemieniec
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna Street 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - W Lasoń
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna Street 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - W Krzeptowski
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Street 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Kajta
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna Street 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Deng B, Li L, Gou X, Xu H, Zhao Z, Wang Q, Xu L. TAT-PEP Enhanced Neurobehavioral Functional Recovery by Facilitating Axonal Regeneration and Corticospinal Tract Projection After Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 55:652-667. [PMID: 27987133 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB) has been identified as a new receptor for myelin-associated inhibitory (MAI) proteins, which may play important role in axonal regeneration and corticospinal tract (CST) projection associated with neurobehavioral function recovery after stroke. Here, we found that the expression of PirB was increased in the cortical penumbra from 1 to 28 days after transient focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion of rats. Then, transactivator of transcription-PirB extracellular peptide (TAT-PEP) was generated that might block the interactions between MAIs and PirB. The results showed that TAT-PEP displayed high affinity for MAIs and ameliorated their inhibitory effect on neurite growth. Furthermore, TAT-PEP can widely distribute in the penumbra after intraperitoneal injection. Then, we found that TAT-PEP enhanced neurite growth and alleviated growth cone collapse after oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. In addition, TAT-PEP promoted long-term neurobehavioral functional recovery through enhancing axonal regeneration and CST projection. Finally, the observations demonstrated that POSH/RhoA/growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) as PirB-associated downstream signaling molecules played important role in neurobehavioral functional recovery after stroke. Moreover, the underlying mechanism associated with TAT-PEP-mediated promoting axonal regeneration and CST projection was by intervening in the expression of POSH, RhoA, and GAP43. These studies suggest that TAT-PEP may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy against stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Liya Li
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- The Laboratory of Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hao Xu
- The Laboratory of Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.
| | - Lixian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nrf2/antioxidant defense pathway is involved in the neuroprotective effects of Sirt1 against focal cerebral ischemia in rats after hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning. Behav Brain Res 2016; 309:1-8. [PMID: 27131779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is a class III histone deacetylase involved in neuroprotection induced by hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) in animal models of ischemia. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be illustrated. In the present study, rats exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were used to establish an ischemic stroke model. The infarct volume ratio, neurobehavioral score, and expressions of Sirt1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were evaluated at 7 days after reperfusion, and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was used to assess oxidative stress. HBO-PC increased the expression of Sirt1 and reduced infarct volume ratio and neurobehavioral deficit in MCAO rats. Meanwhile, HBO-PC also increased expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and SOD1 and decreased MDA content. Furthermore, either Sirt1 or Nrf2 knockdown by short interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and SOD1 and eliminated the neuroprotective effects of HBO-PC. Taken together, the results suggest that the Nrf2/antioxidant defense pathway is involved in the long lasting neuroprotective effects of Sirt1 induced by HBO-PC against transient focal cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Z, Wang J, Jin Y, Luo Z, Yang W, Xie H, Huang K, Wang L. A Neuroprotective Sericin Hydrogel As an Effective Neuronal Cell Carrier for the Repair of Ischemic Stroke. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:24629-40. [PMID: 26478947 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes extensive cellular loss that impairs brain functions, resulting in severe disabilities. No effective treatments are currently available for brain tissue regeneration. The need to develop effective therapeutic approaches for treating stroke is compelling. A tissue engineering approach employing a hydrogel carrying both cells and neurotrophic cytokines to damaged regions is an encouraging alternative for neuronal repair. However, this approach is often challenged by low in vivo cell survival rate, and low encapsulation efficiency and loss of cytokines. To address these limitations, we propose to develop a biomaterial that can form a matrix capable of improving in vivo survival of transplanted cells and reducing in vivo loss of cytokines. Here, we report that using sericin, a natural protein from silk, we have fabricated a genipin-cross-linked sericin hydrogel (GSH) with porous structure and mild swelling ratio. The GSH supports the effective attachment and growth of neurons in vitro. Strikingly, our data reveal that sericin protein is intrinsically neurotrophic and neuroprotective, promoting axon extension and branching as well as preventing primary neurons from hypoxia-induced cell death. Notably, these functions are inherited by the GSH's degradation products, which might spare a need of incorporating costly cytokines. We further demonstrate that this neurotrophic effect is dependent on the Lkb1-Nuak1 pathway, while the neuroprotective effect is realized through regulating the Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio. Importantly, when transplanted in vivo, the GSH gives a high cell survival rate and allows the cells to continuously proliferate. Together, this work unmasks the neurotrophic and neuroprotective functions for sericin and provides strong evidence justifying the GSH's suitability as a potential neuronal cell delivery vehicle for ischemic stroke repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Jian Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiration, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
- Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
| | - Zhen Luo
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Wen Yang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Hongjian Xie
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
- Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, China 430022
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sun M, Deng B, Zhao X, Gao C, Yang L, Zhao H, Yu D, Zhang F, Xu L, Chen L, Sun X. Isoflurane preconditioning provides neuroprotection against stroke by regulating the expression of the TLR4 signalling pathway to alleviate microglial activation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11445. [PMID: 26086415 PMCID: PMC4471883 DOI: 10.1038/srep11445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive microglial activation often contributes to inflammation-mediated neurotoxicity in the ischemic penumbra during the acute stage of ischemic stroke. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been reported to induce microglial activation via the NF-κB pathway. Isoflurane preconditioning (IP) can provide neuroprotection and inhibit microglial activation. In this study, we investigated the roles of the TLR4 signalling pathway in IP to exert neuroprotection following ischemic stroke in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that 2% IP alleviated neurological deficits, reduced the infarct volume, attenuated apoptosis and weakened microglial activation in the ischemic penumbra. Furthermore, IP down-regulated the expression of HSP 60, TLR4 and MyD88 and up-regulated inhibitor of IκB-α expression compared with I/R group in vivo. In vitro, 2% IP and a specific inhibitor of TLR4, CLI-095, down-regulated the expression of TLR4, MyD88, IL-1β, TNF-α and Bax, and up-regulated IκB-α and Bcl-2 expression compared with OGD group. Moreover, IP and CLI-095 attenuated microglial activation-induced neuronal apoptosis, and overexpression of the TLR4 gene reversed the neuroprotective effects of IP. In conclusion, IP provided neuroprotection by regulating TLR4 expression directly, alleviating microglial activation and neuroinflammation. Thus, inhibiting the activation of microglial activation via TLR4 may be a new avenue for stroke treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
| | - Changjun Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Daihua Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Lintong Sanatorium of PLA Lanzhou Military District, Lintong, Xi'an, 710600, China
| | - Lixian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nave General Hospital, Beijing, 100059, China
| | - Xude Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bian H, Hu Q, Liang X, Chen D, Li B, Tang J, Zhang JH. Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning attenuates hemorrhagic transformation through increasing PPARγ in hyperglycemic MCAO rats. Exp Neurol 2014; 265:22-9. [PMID: 25542160 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) has been demonstrated to attenuate hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in hyperglycemic rats. However, the mechanisms remain to be illustrated. Recently, HBO-PC has been shown to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) by increasing 15d-PGJ2 in primary cultured neurons. We hypothesize that HBO-PC reduces HT by suppressing inflammation through increasing 15d-PGJ2 and activating PPARγ in hyperglycemic MCAO rats. HBO (2.5ATA) was administered for 1h daily for 5 consecutive days. The PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 was administered intraperitoneally to designated animals. Infarction volume, hemorrhage volume, neurological scores and mortality were analyzed. The levels of 15d-PGJ2, PPARγ, TNF-α and IL-1β, tight junction proteins as well as the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were evaluated 24h after MCAO. HBO-PC reduced HT, improved neurological function, down-regulated inflammatory molecules and inhibited the activation of MMP-9 by increasing 15d-PGJ2 and PPARγ at 24h after MCAO. The results suggested that HBO-PC might be an alternative measure to decrease HT in ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hetao Bian
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Xiping Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Duan S, Shao G, Yu L, Ren C. Angiogenesis contributes to the neuroprotection induced by hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning against focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Int J Neurosci 2014; 125:625-34. [PMID: 25171223 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.956101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Previous studies have indicated that hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) can induce neuroprotection against focal cerebral ischemia. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood, and the optimal regimen for preconditioning must be confirmed. In the present study, we designed eight preconditioning regimens and compared their neuroprotective effects. Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning every other day for there sessions exhibited the best neuroprotective effect; the infarct volume was reduced by almost 50% at 48 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion. We also found that HBO-PC significantly increased the microvessel density and the CD31-positive cells in the penumbra at 72 h after stroke. These results indicate that angiogenesis is involved in the neuroprotection induced by HBO-PC. Moreover, we explored the roles of HIF-1α and angiogenic factors in the angiogenesis process induced by HBO-PC. The results from western blotting demonstrated that protein expression of Ang-2 in the HBO-PC group was significantly increased. In conclusion, HBO-PC reduced brain injury and improved neurological function after focal cerebral ischemia, as partly mediated by the increased microvessel density in the penumbra, and this effect may result from the upregulation of Ang-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Duan
- 1Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 5 Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fishbein-Kaminietsky M, Gafni M, Sarne Y. Ultralow doses of cannabinoid drugs protect the mouse brain from inflammation-induced cognitive damage. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1669-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Fishbein-Kaminietsky
- The Adelson Center for the Biology of Addictive Diseases and The Mauerberger Chair in Neuropharmacology; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - Mikhal Gafni
- The Adelson Center for the Biology of Addictive Diseases and The Mauerberger Chair in Neuropharmacology; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - Yosef Sarne
- The Adelson Center for the Biology of Addictive Diseases and The Mauerberger Chair in Neuropharmacology; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
This article presents a pilot study to determine the value of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO₂) in the acute management of neonatal hypoxia (hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy) and necrotizing enterocolitis. Neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and NE were treated in a Sechrist monoplace chamber. Electroencephalogram, evoked potential, ophthalmic evaluation, ultrasonograph, laboratory exams, and radiographs were obtained before and after HBO₂. Treatment protocol was 2.0 atm abs/45 minutes. Preventive myringotomies were conducted in all patients. A follow-up was done at 3 and 6 months. All patients (n = 8) were ventilator-dependent and required bag-valve-mask ventilation by a neonatologist during the treatment. All showed a resolution after HBO₂. There was also a dramatic improvement (P < .05) in hemoglobin, hematocrit, total proteins, serum sodium, triglycerides, and pH. There were favorable changes in all other studies although they did not meet statistical significance. There was a marked reduction of the morbidity and mortality. There were no adverse effects on the ophthalmologic or Central Nervous System. When used promptly, HBO₂ can modify the local and systemic inflammatory response caused by intestinal inflammation or cerebral or systemic hypoxia. It helps to preserve the marginal tissue and recover the ischemic and metabolic penumbra. This pilot study suggests that HBO₂ could be a safe and effective treatment in the acute management of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. There is a need for a prospective, randomized, controlled, and double-blinded study to determine the real use of HBO₂ in these cases.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
This article outlines the therapeutic mechanisms of hyperbaric oxygenation in acute stroke, based on information obtained from peer-reviewed medical literature. Hyperbaric oxygen is an approved treatment modality for ischemia-reperfusion injury in several conditions. It maintains the viability of the marginal tissue, reduces the mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic penumbra, and blocks inflammatory cascades observed in acute stroke. Basic and clinical data suggest that hyperbaric oxygen could be a safe and effective treatment option in the management of acute stroke. Further work is needed to clarify its clinical utility when applied within the treatment window of "gold standard" treatments (<3-5 hours).
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen F, Qi Z, Luo Y, Hinchliffe T, Ding G, Xia Y, Ji X. Non-pharmaceutical therapies for stroke: mechanisms and clinical implications. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 115:246-69. [PMID: 24407111 PMCID: PMC3969942 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is deemed a worldwide leading cause of neurological disability and death, however, there is currently no promising pharmacotherapy for acute ischemic stroke aside from intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis. Yet because of the narrow therapeutic time window involved, thrombolytic application is very restricted in clinical settings. Accumulating data suggest that non-pharmaceutical therapies for stroke might provide new opportunities for stroke treatment. Here we review recent research progress in the mechanisms and clinical implications of non-pharmaceutical therapies, mainly including neuroprotective approaches such as hypothermia, ischemic/hypoxic conditioning, acupuncture, medical gases and transcranial laser therapy. In addition, we briefly summarize mechanical endovascular recanalization devices and recovery devices for the treatment of the chronic phase of stroke and discuss the relative merits of these devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhifeng Qi
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuming Luo
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Taylor Hinchliffe
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guanghong Ding
- Shanghai Research Center for Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Xia
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Xunming Ji
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Neuroprotective effects of sevoflurane against electromagnetic pulse-induced brain injury through inhibition of neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91019. [PMID: 24614080 PMCID: PMC3948751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) causes central nervous system damage and neurobehavioral disorders, and sevoflurane protects the brain from ischemic injury. We investigated the effects of sevoflurane on EMP-induced brain injury. Rats were exposed to EMP and immediately treated with sevoflurane. The protective effects of sevoflurane were assessed by Nissl staining, Fluoro-Jade C staining and electron microscopy. The neurobehavioral effects were assessed using the open-field test and the Morris water maze. Finally, primary cerebral cortical neurons were exposed to EMP and incubated with different concentration of sevoflurane. The cellular viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were assayed. TUNEL staining was performed, and the expression of apoptotic markers was determined. The cerebral cortexes of EMP-exposed rats presented neuronal abnormalities. Sevoflurane alleviated these effects, as well as the learning and memory deficits caused by EMP exposure. In vitro, cell viability was reduced and LDH release was increased after EMP exposure; treatment with sevoflurane ameliorated these effects. Additionally, sevoflurane increased SOD activity, decreased MDA levels and alleviated neuronal apoptosis by regulating the expression of cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2. These findings demonstrate that Sevoflurane conferred neuroprotective effects against EMP radiation-induced brain damage by inhibiting neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis.
Collapse
|
31
|
Aleshin S, Reiser G. Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-α, β/δ and γ triad in regulation of reactive oxygen species signaling in brain. Biol Chem 2013; 394:1553-70. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence shows that oxidative stress is a major cause in development of brain disorders. Low activity of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-degrading system as well as high levels of oxidative damage markers have been observed in brain tissue of patients with neurodegenerative and other brain diseases to a larger extent than in healthy individuals. Many studies aimed to develop effective and safe antioxidant strategies for the therapy or prevention of brain diseases. Nevertheless, it became clear that rigorous suppression of ROS is deleterious for normal cell functioning. Thus, approaches that can regulate the ROS levels over a wide range, from inhibition to induction, will be a powerful tool for neuroprotection. A most prominent target for such ROS management is the family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). All three members (PPAR-α, -β/δ and -γ) of this nuclear receptor subfamily form a tightly connected triad. For individual PPAR isoforms, neuroprotective properties have been well proven. Their involvement in regulation of ROS production and degradation underlies the therapeutic effects. Nevertheless, the current paradigms of the involvement of PPAR in neuroprotective therapy ignore such interconnections of PPARs and aim at antioxidant effects of individual PPAR isoforms, but do not take into account the necessity of careful regulation of ROS levels. The present review (i) summarizes the data, which support the concept of the PPAR triad in brain, (ii) demonstrates that usage of the PPAR triad allows the regulation of PPAR-dependent genes over a wide range, from inhibition to upregulation, and (iii) summarizes the known data concerning the PPAR triad involvement in regulation of ROS. Our report opens new directions in the field of PPAR/ROS-related neuroscience research.
Collapse
|
32
|
Chhor V, Canini F, De Rudnicki S, Dahmani S, Gressens P, Constantin P. [Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and inert gases in cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 32:863-71. [PMID: 24169200 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a common thread of acute cerebral lesions, whether vascular or traumatic origin. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) improves tissue oxygenation and may prevent impairment of reversible lesions. In experimental models of cerebral ischemia or traumatic brain injury, HBO has neuroprotective effects which are related to various mechanisms such as modulation of oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation or cerebral and mitochondrial metabolism. However, results of clinical trials failed to prove any neuroprotective effects for cerebral ischemia and remained to be confirmed for traumatic brain injury despite preliminary encouraging results. The addition of inert gases to HBO sessions, especially argon or xenon which show neuroprotective experimental effects, may provide an additional improvement of cerebral lesions. Further multicentric studies with a strict methodology and a better targeted definition are required before drawing definitive conclusions about the efficiency of combined therapy with HBO and inert gases in acute cerebral lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Chhor
- Fédération d'anesthésiologie-réanimation et de médecine hyperbare, hôpital d'instruction des armées du Val-de-Grâce, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm U676, hôpital Robert-Debré, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 676, 75013 Paris, France; Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London, London, Royaume-Uni.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wojtowicz AK, Szychowski KA, Kajta M. PPAR-γ agonist GW1929 but not antagonist GW9662 reduces TBBPA-induced neurotoxicity in primary neocortical cells. Neurotox Res 2013; 25:311-22. [PMID: 24132472 PMCID: PMC3936120 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-013-9434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl)propane; TBBPA) is a widely used brominated flame retardant. TBBPA induces neuronal damage, but the mechanism by which this occurs is largely unknown. We studied the possible involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) in TBBPA-induced apoptosis and toxicity in mouse primary neuronal cell cultures. TBBPA enhanced both, caspase-3 activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in neocortical cells after 6 and 24 h of exposition. These data were supported at the cellular level with Hoechst 33342 staining. Immunoblot analyses showed that, compared with control cells, 10 μM TBBPA decreased the expression of PPAR-γ protein in neocortical neurons after 1-24 h of exposure. Co-treatment with TBBPA and GW1929 inhibited the TBBPA-induced caspase-3 activity, apoptotic body formation, and LDH release as well as TBBPA-induced decrease in PPAR-γ protein expression. Thus, our data support neuroprotective potential of PPAR-γ agonists. The PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 prevented the TBBPA-induced decrease in PPAR-γ protein level, but it potentiated TBBPA-induced apoptotic and neurotoxic effects, which suggest that the mechanism of TBBPA action in neuronal cells is not only PPAR-γ-dependent. Therefore, further studies of the mechanism of TBBPA action in the nervous system are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Wojtowicz
- Laboratory of Genomics and Biotechnology, Animal Sciences Faculty, University of Agriculture, Redzina 1B, 30-248, Krakow, Poland,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Targeted delivery of neurogenin-2 protein in the treatment for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8786-97. [PMID: 23942209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenin-2 (Ngn2), as a proneural gene that promotes the survival and differentiation of neural precursor cells, is an attractive candidate for therapy against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the delivery approach limits its clinical application. To deliver Ngn2 protein into the cerebral ischemic region and exert a therapeutic effect on injured neurons after ischemia, we here reported that the fusion protein TAT-LBD-Ngn2 was constructed by fusing a transactivator of transcription (TAT) domain and a laminin-binding domain (LBD) to Ngn2. TAT-LBD-Ngn2 promoted the outgrowth of neuronal neurite, increased the survival rate and alleviated apoptosis of hippocampal neurons exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation in vitro. Furthermore, a focal cerebral ischemia model in C57BL/6 mice showed that TAT-LBD-Ngn2 efficiently crossed the blood brain barrier, aggregated in the ischemic zone and was consistently incorporated into neurons. Moreover, TAT-LBD-Ngn2 transduced into brains attenuated neuronal degeneration and apoptosis in the ischemic zone. TAT-LBD-Ngn2 treatment resulted in a reduction of infarct volume that was associated with a parallel improvement in neurological functional outcomes after reperfusion. In conclusion, the targeted delivery of TAT-LBD-Ngn2 into the ischemic zone attenuated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through the inhibition of neuronal degeneration and apoptosis, suggesting that TAT-LBD-Ngn2 is a promising target candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
|
35
|
Feng Z, Liu J, Ju R. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment promotes neural stem cell proliferation in the subventricular zone of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:1220-7. [PMID: 25206416 PMCID: PMC4107609 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.13.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage has been used clinically for many years, but its effectiveness remains controversial. In addition, the mechanism of this potential neuroprotective effect remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of hyperbaric oxygen on the proliferation of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats (7 days old) subjected to hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Six hours after modeling, rats were treated with hyperbaric oxygen once daily for 7 days. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine positive and nestin positive cells in the subventricular zone of neonatal rats increased at day 3 after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage and peaked at day 5. After hyperbaric oxygen treatment, the number of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine positive and nestin positive cells began to increase at day 1, and was significantly higher than that in normal rats and model rats until day 21. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that hyperbaric oxygen treatment could attenuate pathological changes to brain tissue in neonatal rats, and reduce the number of degenerating and necrotic nerve cells. Our experimental findings indicate that hyperbaric oxygen treatment enhances the proliferation of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, and has therapeutic potential for promoting neurological recovery following brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Feng
- Department of Neonatology & Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Bayi Children's Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Neonatology & Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Bayi Children's Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing 100700, China
- Corresponding author: Jing Liu, Chief physician, Professor, Department of Neonatology & Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Bayi Children's Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing 100700, China, (N20120314002)
| | - Rong Ju
- Department of Neonatology & Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Bayi Children's Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing 100700, China
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's & Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mahan VL. Neuroprotective, neurotherapeutic, and neurometabolic effects of carbon monoxide. Med Gas Res 2012; 2:32. [PMID: 23270619 PMCID: PMC3599315 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9912-2-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in animal models show that the primary mechanism by which heme-oxygenases impart beneficial effects is due to the gaseous molecule carbon monoxide (CO). Produced in humans mainly by the catabolism of heme by heme-oxygenase, CO is a neurotransmitter important for multiple neurologic functions and affects several intracellular pathways as a regulatory molecule. Exogenous administration of inhaled CO or carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORM’s) impart similar neurophysiological responses as the endogenous gas. Its’ involvement in important neuronal functions suggests that regulation of CO synthesis and biochemical properties may be clinically relevant to neuroprotection and the key may be a change in metabolic substrate from glucose to lactate. Currently, the drug is under development as a therapeutic agent and safety studies in humans evaluating the safety and tolerability of inhaled doses of CO show no clinically important abnormalities, effects, or changes over time in laboratory safety variables. As an important therapeutic option, inhaled CO has entered clinical trials and its clinical role as a neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic agent has been suggested. In this article, we review the neuroprotective effects of endogenous CO and discuss exogenous CO as a neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicki L Mahan
- St, Christopher's Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, 3601 A Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19134, USA.
| |
Collapse
|