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Sadri I, Nikookheslat SD, Karimi P, Khani M, Nadimi S. Aerobic exercise training improves memory function through modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and synaptic proteins in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of type 2 diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:849-858. [PMID: 38932906 PMCID: PMC11196465 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Defective insulin signaling in the brain may disrupt hippocampal neuroplasticity resulting in learning and memory impairments. Thus, this study investigated the effect of aerobic exercise training on cognitive function and synaptic protein markers in diabetic rats. Materials and methods Twenty male Wistar rats (200-250 g), were fed on high-fat diet and received a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, i.p) to induce type 2 diabetes. Then diabetic animals were randomly divided into sedentary and training groups. The exercise training program was treadmill running at 27 m/min for 60 min/day for 8 weeks. One day after the last training session, Morris Water Maze (MWM) task was performed to evaluate spatial learning and memory. Then, the hippocamp and prefrontal cortex tissues were instantly dissected for immunoblotting assay of BDNF, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, P38, p-P38, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, heat shock protein-27 (HSP27), SNAP-25, synaptophysin, and PSD-95. Independent t-test analysis and two-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences under significance level of 0.05 using the 26th version of IBM SPSS statistical software. Results The results showed that aerobic exercise improved memory as assessed in the MWM task. Moreover, aerobic exercise up-regulated HSP27 and BDNF protein levels in the prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus coincided with robust elevations in SNAP25 and PSD-95 levels. Moreover, exercise reduced phosphorylated P38, while increased p-ERK1/2 and p-GSK-3β (p). Conclusion Our findings suggest that aerobic exercise may debilitate the harmful effects of diabetes on the cognitive function possibly through enhancing synaptic protein markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Sadri
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, 5381637181 Iran
| | - Saeid Dabbagh Nikookheslat
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Blvd, Tabriz, 5166616471 Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Khani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Blvd, Tabriz, 5166616471 Iran
| | - Sanaz Nadimi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON Canada
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Ma T, Feng L, Wei S, Wang Y, Li G, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Chu Y, Wang W, Zhang H. Antisense oligonucleotides targeting basal forebrain ATXN2 enhances spatial memory and ameliorates sleep deprivation-induced fear memory impairment in mice. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3013. [PMID: 37072935 PMCID: PMC10275523 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the basal forebrain ameliorates sleep deprivation-induced fear memory impairments in rodents. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting ATXN2 was a potential therapy for spinocerebellar ataxia, whose pathogenic mechanism associates with reduced BDNF expression. We tested the hypothesis that ASO7 targeting ATXN2 could affect BDNF levels in mouse basal forebrain and ameliorate sleep deprivation-induced fear memory impairments. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 mice were used to evaluate the effects of ASO7 targeting ATXN2 microinjected into the bilateral basal forebrain (1 μg, 0.5 μL, each side) on spatial memory, fear memory and sleep deprivation-induced fear memory impairments. Spatial memory and fear memory were detected by the Morris water maze and step-down inhibitory avoidance test, respectively. Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blot were used to evaluate the changes of levels of BDNF, ATXN2, and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) protein as well as ATXN2 mRNA. The morphological changes in neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region were detected by HE staining and Nissl staining. RESULTS ASO7 targeting ATXN2 microinjected into the basal forebrain could suppress ATXN2 mRNA and protein expression for more than 1 month and enhance spatial memory but not fear memory in mice. BDNF mRNA and protein expression in basal forebrain and hippocampus was increased by ASO7. Moreover, PSD95 expression and synapse formation were increased in the hippocampus. Furthermore, ASO7 microinjected into the basal forebrain increased BDNF and PSD95 protein expression in the basal forebrain of sleep-deprived mice and counteracted sleep deprivation-induced fear memory impairments. CONCLUSION ASOs targeting ATXN2 may provide effective interventions for sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Department of AnesthesiologyPLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Long Feng
- Department of AnesthesiologyPLA General Hospital of Hainan HospitalHainanChina
| | - Shi‐Nan Wei
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ying‐Ying Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyBeijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Guan‐Hua Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyPLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of NeurologyPLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Ying‐Xin Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyPLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yang Chu
- Department of AnesthesiologyPLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyPLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyPLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijingChina
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Kholghi G, Alipour V, Rezaie M, Zarrindast MR, Vaseghi S. The Interaction Effect of Sleep Deprivation and Treadmill Exercise in Various Durations on Spatial Memory with Respect to the Oxidative Status of Rats. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2077-2092. [PMID: 36786943 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) has deleterious effects on cognitive functions including learning and memory. However, some studies have shown that SD can improve cognitive functions. Interestingly, treadmill exercise has both impairment and improvement effects on memory function. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of SD for 4 (short-term) and 24 (long-term) hours, and two protocols of treadmill exercise (mild short-term and moderate long-term) on spatial memory performance, and oxidative and antioxidant markers in the serum of rats. Morris Water Maze apparatus was used to assess spatial memory performance. Also, SD was done using gentle handling method. In addition, the serum level of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was measured. The results showed that 24 h SD (but not 4 h) had negative effect on spatial memory performance, decreased SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px level, and increased MDA level. Long-term moderate (but not short-term mild) treadmill exercise had also negative effect on spatial memory performance, decreased SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px level, and increased MDA level. Interestingly, both protocols of treadmill exercise reversed spatial memory impairment and oxidative stress induced by 24 h SD. In conclusion, it seems that SD and treadmill exercise interact with each other, and moderate long-term exercise can reverse the negative effects of long-term SD on memory and oxidative status; although, it disrupted memory function and increased oxidative stress by itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Kholghi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Vahide Alipour
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maede Rezaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1419815477, Karaj, Iran.
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Roig M, Cristini J, Parwanta Z, Ayotte B, Rodrigues L, de Las Heras B, Nepveu JF, Huber R, Carrier J, Steib S, Youngstedt SD, Wright DL. Exercising the Sleepy-ing Brain: Exercise, Sleep, and Sleep Loss on Memory. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 50:38-48. [PMID: 34669627 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We examine the novel hypothesis that physical exercise and sleep have synergistic effects on memory. Exercise can trigger mechanisms that can create an optimal brain state during sleep to facilitate memory processing. The possibility that exercise could counteract the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation on memory by protecting neuroplasticity is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Roig
- Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation, Laval, Canada. School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. Integrative Program of Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. Human Movement, Training and Active Aging Department, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Heidelberg University, Germany. College of Nursing and Health Innovation and College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA. Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
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Tuan LH, Tsao CY, Lee LJH, Lee LJ. Voluntary exercise ameliorates synaptic pruning deficits in sleep-deprived adolescent mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:96-110. [PMID: 33358980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for brain development and adequate sleep during this period is essential for physical function and mental health. Emerging evidence has detailed the neurological impacts of sleep insufficiency on adolescents, as was unveiled by our previous study, microglia, one of the crucial contributors to synaptic pruning, is functionally disrupted by lack of sleep. Here, we provided evidence featuring the protective effect and the underlying mechanisms of voluntary exercise (VE) on microglial functions in an adolescent 72 h sleep deprivation (SD) model. We identified that the aberrant hippocampal neuronal activity and impaired short-term memory performance in sleep-deprived mice were prevented by 11 days of VE. VE significantly normalized the SD-induced dendritic spine increment and maintained the microglial phagocytic ability in sleep-deprived mice. Moreover, we found that the amendment of the noradrenergic signal in the central nervous system may explain the preventative effects of VE on the abnormalities of microglial and neuronal functions caused by SD. These data suggested that VE may confer protection to the microglia-mediated synaptic pruning in the sleep-deprived adolescent brains. Therefore, physical exercise could be a beneficial health practice for the adolescents that copes the adverse influence of inevitable sleep insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Heng Tuan
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yu Tsao
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Jen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Golbar SJ, Gaeini AA, Jahromi MK. The Effects of Exercise on Cerebellar Growth-Associated Protein 43 and Adenylyl Cyclase- Associated Protein 1 Gene Expression and Proteins in Diabetic-Induced Neuropathy and Healthy Male Wistar Rats. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:137. [PMID: 34912513 PMCID: PMC8631120 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_416_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of exercise on the cerebellum cells in diabetic-induced neuropathy and healthy situations is not clear yet. Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP-1) proteins can restore nerve cells. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on GAP-43 and CAP-1 and their mRNA in the cerebellar tissue of diabetic-induced neuropathy and healthy Wistar rats. METHODS Around 40 healthy male Wistar rats with a mean weight of 271 ± 11.2 g were divided randomly into four groups; healthy aerobic exercise, diabetic-aerobic exercise, healthy-control, and diabetic-control. The exercise group performed aerobic exercise 5 days per week for 6 weeks. RESULTS Exercise increased CAP1 protein in the cerebellum tissue of healthy (P = 0.002) and diabetic (P = 0.002) groups compared with matched control groups. The effect of exercise on CAP1 was greater in diabetic compared with the healthy group (P = 0.002). The expression of CAP1 mRNA in the cerebellum was higher in the healthy exercise compared with the healthy control group (P = 0.002) and in the healthy exercise compared with the diabetic exercise group (P = 0.026). GAP43 protein was lower in the healthy exercise compared with the healthy control group (P = 0.002) while it was higher in diabetic exercise compared to the healthy exercise group (P = 0.002). Expression of GAP43 mRNA in the cerebellum was higher in the healthy (P = 0.002) and diabetic (P = 0.002) exercise groups compared to non-exercise matched groups and in the diabetic control group compared with the healthy control group (P = 0.002). Exercise improved latency in diabetic (P = 0.001) and healthy exercise groups (P = 0.02). No significant difference was found in blood glucose between exercise and control groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Exercise improved cerebellar functions in healthy and diabetic rats, probably mediating by CAP1 protein, even without changing blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Ali Gaeini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Koushkie Jahromi
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Maryam Koushkie Jahromi, Department of Sport Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. E-mail:
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Soporific Effect of Modified Suanzaoren Decoction and Its Effects on the Expression of CCK-8 and Orexin-A. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6984087. [PMID: 32617111 PMCID: PMC7315314 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6984087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Suanzaoren decoction (SZRT), a classic Chinese herbal prescription, has been used as a treatment for insomnia for more than a thousand years. However, recent studies have found no significant effects of SZRT as a treatment for insomnia caused by gastric discomfort. Herein, we studied the effects of modified Suanzaoren decoction (MSZRD) on gastrointestinal disorder-related insomnia. The main constituents of MSZRD were spinosin (2.21 mg/g) and 6-feruloylspinosin (0.78 mg/g). A pentobarbital-induced animal model of insomnia showed that MSZRD shortened sleep latency and prolonged sleep time of the male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice treated for 7 days with oral MSZRD. Sprague-Dawley male rats were treated daily with oral MSZRD or placebo for 11 days and then deprived of sleep for the last 4 days to establish a model of insomnia. Of note, MSZRD-treated animals had significantly improved body weight, organ index scores, and fecal moisture relative to placebo-treated animals, as well as reduced temperature. Sleep-deprived rats exhibited more exploratory behaviors in an open-field anxiety test; however, this effect was significantly reduced in MSZRD-treated animals. We found that MSZRD treatment decreased gastric acid pH, decreased the production of gastrin, pepsin, and Orexin-A, and increased the expression of MTL and CCK-8. Importantly, serum GABA concentration was increased by treatment with MSZRD, as reflected by a decreased Glu/GABA ratio. Treated animals had increased the expression of GAD1, GABARA1, and CCKBR but decreased the expression of Orexin R1. In summary, these results suggest that MSZRD has soporific and gastroprotective effects that may be mediated by differential expression of CCK-8 and Orexin-A.
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Wang P, Liang Y, Chen K, Yau SY, Sun X, Cheng KKY, Xu A, So KF, Li A. Potential Involvement of Adiponectin Signaling in Regulating Physical Exercise-Elicited Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Dendritic Morphology in Stressed Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:189. [PMID: 32774242 PMCID: PMC7381385 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, a cytokine secreted by mature adipocytes, proves to be neuroprotective. We have previously reported that running triggers adiponectin up-regulation which subsequently promotes generation of hippocampal neurons and thereby alleviates depression-like behaviors in non-stressed mice. However, under the stressing condition, whether adiponectin could still exert antidepressant-like effects following exercise remained unexplored. In this study, by means of repeated corticosterone injections to mimic stress insult and voluntary wheel running as physical exercise intervention, we examined whether exercise-elicited antidepressive effects might involve adiponectin's regulation on hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic plasticity in stressed mice. Here we show that repeated injections of corticosterone inhibited hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired dendritic morphology of neurons in the dentate gyrus of both wild-type and adiponectin-knockout mice comparably, which subsequently evoked depression-like behaviors. Voluntary wheel running attenuated corticosterone-suppressed neurogenesis and enhanced dendritic plasticity in the hippocampus, ultimately reducing depression-like behaviors in wild-type, but not adiponectin-knockout mice. We further demonstrate that such proneurogenic effects were potentially achieved through activation of the AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) pathway. Our study provides the first evidence that adiponectin signaling is essential for physical exercise-triggered effects on stress-elicited depression by retaining the normal proliferation of neural progenitors and dendritic morphology of neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, which may depend on activation of the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingjie Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyao Liang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Sun
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kenneth King-Yip Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ang Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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Almaspour MB, Nasehi M, Khalifeh S, Zarrindast MR. The effect of fish oil on social interaction memory in total sleep-deprived rats with respect to the hippocampal level of stathmin, TFEB, synaptophysin and LAMP-1 proteins. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 157:102097. [PMID: 32388317 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fish oil (FO) is one of the richest natural sources of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). DHA is essential for brain functions and EPA has been approved for brain health. On the other hand, stathmin, TFEB, synaptophysin and LAMP-1 proteins are involved in synaptic plasticity, lysosome biogenesis and synaptic vesicles biogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of FO on social interaction memory in sleep-deprived rats with respect to level of stathmin, TFEB, synaptophysin and LAMP-1 in the hippocampus of rats. All rats received FO through oral gavage at the doses of 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg/kg. The water box was used to induce total sleep deprivation (TSD) and the three-chamber paradigm test was used to assess social behavior. Hippocampal level of proteins was assessed using Western blot. The results showed, FO impaired social memory at the dose of 1 mg/kg in normal and sham groups. SD impaired social memory and FO did not restore this effect. Furthermore, FO at the dose of 0.75 mg/kg decreased social affiliation and social memory in all groups of normal rats, compared with related saline groups, and at the dose of 1 mg/kg impaired social memory for stranger 2 compared with saline group. In sham groups, FO at the dose of 1 mg/kg impaired social memory for stranger 2 compared with saline group. SD decreased hippocampal level of all proteins (except stathmin), and FO (1 mg/kg) restored these effects. In conclusion, FO negatively affects social interaction memory in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Iran.
| | - Solmaz Khalifeh
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Moon GJ, Shin M, Kim SR. Upregulation of Neuronal Rheb(S16H) for Hippocampal Protection in the Adult Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2023. [PMID: 32188096 PMCID: PMC7139780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras homolog protein enriched in brain (Rheb) is a key activator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). The activation of mTORC1 by Rheb is associated with various processes such as protein synthesis, neuronal growth, differentiation, axonal regeneration, energy homeostasis, autophagy, and amino acid uptake. In addition, Rheb-mTORC1 signaling plays a crucial role in preventing the neurodegeneration of hippocampal neurons in the adult brain. Increasing evidence suggests that the constitutive activation of Rheb has beneficial effects against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Our recent studies revealed that adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (AAV1) transduction with Rheb(S16H), a constitutively active form of Rheb, exhibits neuroprotective properties through the induction of various neurotrophic factors, promoting neurotrophic interactions between neurons and astrocytes in the hippocampus of the adult brain. This review provides compelling evidence for the therapeutic potential of AAV1-Rheb(S16H) transduction in the hippocampus of the adult brain by exploring its neuroprotective effects and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Joon Moon
- BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Minsang Shin
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
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Rajizadeh MA, Esmaeilpour K, Haghparast E, Ebrahimi MN, Sheibani V. Voluntary exercise modulates learning & memory and synaptic plasticity impairments in sleep deprived female rats. Brain Res 2019; 1729:146598. [PMID: 31866363 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that forced exercise plays a preventive role in synaptic plasticity deficits in the hippocampus and behavioral impairments in sleep-deprived male and female rats. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of voluntary exercise on early long-term potentiation (E-LTP) at the Cornu Ammonis (CA1) area of the hippocampus and behavioral functions by barnes maze and novel location tests in sleep-deprived female rats. Intact female Wistar rats were used in the present study. The exercise protocol was four weeks wheel running and the multiple platform method was applied to induce 72 h Sleep deprivation (SD). We examine the effect of exercise and/or SD on synaptic plasticity using in vivo extracellular recording in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. Spatial learning and memory examined by Barnes maze and recognition memory assessed by novel location test. Field potential recording indicated that the induction and maintenance phase of E-LTP impaired in the sleep deprived animals compared to the other groups. After 72 h SD, LTP impairments were reduced by 4 weeks of voluntary exercise but do not go back to control values. SD impairs learning and memory and exercise could improve these deficits. In conclusion, the synaptic plasticity deficit in sleep-deprived female rats was improved by voluntary exercise. Further studies are suggested to evaluate the possible underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Esmaeilpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Elham Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Navid Ebrahimi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Sauvet F, Arnal PJ, Tardo-Dino PE, Drogou C, Van Beers P, Erblang M, Guillard M, Rabat A, Malgoyre A, Bourrilhon C, Léger D, Gomez-Mérino D, Chennaoui M. Beneficial effects of exercise training on cognitive performances during total sleep deprivation in healthy subjects. Sleep Med 2019; 65:26-35. [PMID: 31706189 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise training has been shown to improve learning and memory, and to protect against the negative impact of sleep deprivation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of seven weeks of moderate- and high-intensity interval exercise training on vigilance/sustained attention, inhibition processes and working memory during 40-h total sleep deprivation (TSD) in 16 healthy young men. METHODS The subjects were evaluated before (Baseline, BAS) and during TSD, and the day after a night of recovery sleep (Recovery, REC). RESULTS Exercise training significantly decreased errors and increased speed assessed by the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) during TSD and REC while no difference was found in executive inhibition (Go-noGo task) and working memory (2-Back task) performances. The multiple sleep latency test results were higher during BAS and REC at Post-exercise training, and no difference occurred in subjective sleepiness and daytime microsleeps over the 40-h TSD. The PVT speed was positively correlated with maximal oxygen consumption and maximal aerobic power measured before entry in the in-laboratory TSD protocol, and stage 3 sleep duration measured during the first night in the in-laboratory TSD protocol (N-1). Exercise training effects on sleep were found during the night recovery with lower stage-3 sleep and higher rapid eye movement (REM) sleep durations. An exercise training effect was also found on free insulin-like growth factor I levels with lower levels during TSD at Post-exercise training. CONCLUSIONS In healthy young men, exercise training reduced sleep pressure at baseline and protected against sustained attention deficits induced by TSD with persistent effect after one night of recovery sleep. Nevertheless, exercise training was not effective in reducing deficits in executive inhibition and working memory induced by TSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Sauvet
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France.
| | - Pierrick J Arnal
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France; Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice, Université de Lyon, Saint Etienne, France
| | | | - Catherine Drogou
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France
| | - Pascal Van Beers
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France
| | - Mégane Erblang
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France
| | - Mathias Guillard
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Rabat
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Malgoyre
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Cyprien Bourrilhon
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Damien Léger
- EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France; APHP, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Gomez-Mérino
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France
| | - Mounir Chennaoui
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université de Paris, France
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13
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Rahmati M, Kazemi A. Various exercise intensities differentially regulate GAP-43 and CAP-1 expression in the rat hippocampus. Gene 2019; 692:185-194. [PMID: 30682386 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exercise intensity is known to affect neuroplasticity. Although corticosterone and lactate levels have been linked to neuroplasticity, the effect of different endurance exercise intensity-dependent production of these biochemicals on the behaviour of hippocampal growth cone markers remains incompletely explored. Here, we investigated the effects of three different endurance treadmill training episodes for six weeks on GAP-43 and CAP-1 expression in the hippocampus of adult male Wistar rats. Our findings showed that mild exercise intensity (MEI) with a lactate production slightly higher than the lactate threshold (LT) is the optimal form of physical activity for elevating GAP-43 without changing CAP-1 expression. It was further observed that high exercise intensity (HEI) with the highest level of corticosterone and lactate production, reduced GAP-43 expression, yet increased CAP-1 expression in the hippocampus. Like HEI, we further identified similar expression patterns for these markers in low exercise intensity (LEI) with blood lactate production below LT and corticosterone level similar to MEI. The findings suggested that in high-intensity exercise, the negative pattern of hippocampal neuroplasticity depends on both corticosterone and lactate levels, whereas in low-intensity exercise, the most important factor determining this negative pattern is the lactate level. Generally, MEI with a lactate production of slightly higher than LT is the most optimal intensity for improving hippocampal neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Abdolreza Kazemi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Vali E Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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14
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Jahangiri Z, Gholamnezhad Z, Hosseini M. Neuroprotective effects of exercise in rodent models of memory deficit and Alzheimer's. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:21-37. [PMID: 30443769 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fastest growing neurodegenerative condition with no standard treatment. There are growing evidence about the beneficial effects of exercise in brain health promotion and slowing the cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to review the protective mechanisms of treadmill exercise in different models of rodent memory deficits. Online literature database, including PubMed-Medline, Scopus, Google scholar were searched from 2003 till 2017. Original article with English language were chosen according to following key words in the title: (exercise OR physical activity) AND (memory OR learning). Ninety studies were finally included in the qualitative synthesis. The results of these studies showed the protective effects of exercise on AD induced neurodegerative and neuroinflammatory process. Neuroperotective effects of exercise on the hippocampus seem to be increasing in immediate-early gene c-Fos expression in dentate gyrus; enhancing the Wnt3 expression and inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3β expression; increasing the 5-bro-mo-2'-deoxyridine-positive and doublecortin-positive cells (dentate gyrus); increasing the level of astrocytes glial fibrillary acidic protein and decrease in S100B protein, increasing in blood brain barrier integrity; prevention of oxidative stress injury, inducing morphological changes in astrocytes in the stratum radiatum of cornu ammonis 1(CA1) area; increase in cell proliferation and suppress apoptosis in dentate gyrus; increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B expressions; enhancing the glycogen levels and normalizing the monocarboxylate transporter 2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jahangiri
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
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15
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Fernandes J, Vieira AS, Kramer-Soares JC, Da Silva EA, Lee KS, Lopes-Cendes I, Arida RM. Hippocampal microRNA-mRNA regulatory network is affected by physical exercise. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1711-1720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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D'Arcangelo G, Triossi T, Buglione A, Melchiorri G, Tancredi V. Modulation of synaptic plasticity by short-term aerobic exercise in adult mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 332:59-63. [PMID: 28559180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Physiological effects of different types, of continuous and interval aerobic training, have been largely described and studied in the adult man. It was previously indicated that interval training plays an important role in maximizing both peripheral muscle and central cardiorespiratory adaptations, permitting significant functional improvement even in healthy sedentary subjects. Since the outcome of different aerobic training trials on cognitive processes had never been evaluated, we compared, on an experimental mouse model, the effects of four training exercise protocols, named respectively C100, I100, C50 and I50 depending on the volume and on the type of training proposed, continuous or interval method. Therefore, to asses quantitative and qualitative functional changes, we analyzed several physical parameters before and after 6 weeks training in all four groups with respect to the control sedentary animals and we studied synaptic plasticity, by extracellular in vitro recordings, in hippocampal mouse slices, a region involved in learning and memory processes. We found that all four protocols of exercise applied in this study exerted positive effects on both physical and training parameters inducing weight augmentation, strength endurance and aerobic endurance increase, and potentiation of motor coordination. However, the improvement observed failed to induce an enhancement in synaptic plasticity in three out of four exercise protocols and only in the slices from mice trained with the interval 50% volume exercise the long term potentiation (LTP) increased with respect to the sedentary group. These findings suggest that motor activity exerts positive effects on cognitive processes provided that certain principles are respected, such as the training load and the elements of which it is composed, in order to plan the right quantitative and qualitative parameters and the appropriate recovery periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D'Arcangelo
- Department of Medical Systems, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - T Triossi
- Department of Medical Systems, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - A Buglione
- Department of Medical Systems, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - G Melchiorri
- Department of Medical Systems, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - V Tancredi
- Department of Medical Systems, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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17
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Lloyd BA, Hake HS, Ishiwata T, Farmer CE, Loetz EC, Fleshner M, Bland ST, Greenwood BN. Exercise increases mTOR signaling in brain regions involved in cognition and emotional behavior. Behav Brain Res 2017; 323:56-67. [PMID: 28130174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise can enhance learning and memory and produce resistance against stress-related psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. In rats, these beneficial effects of exercise occur regardless of exercise controllability: both voluntary and forced wheel running produce stress-protective effects. The mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects of exercise remain unknown. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a translation regulator important for cell growth, proliferation, and survival. mTOR has been implicated in enhancing learning and memory as well as antidepressant effects. Moreover, mTOR is sensitive to exercise signals such as metabolic factors. The effects of exercise on mTOR signaling, however, remain unknown. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that exercise, regardless of controllability, increases levels of phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) in brain regions important for learning and emotional behavior. Rats were exposed to 6 weeks of either sedentary (locked wheel), voluntary, or forced wheel running conditions. At 6 weeks, rats were sacrificed during peak running and levels of p-mTOR were measured using immunohistochemistry. Overall, both voluntary and forced exercise increased p-mTOR-positive neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and amygdala compared to locked wheel controls. Exercise, regardless of controllability, also increased numbers of p-mTOR-positive glia in the striatum, hippocampus, and amygdala. For both neurons and glia, the largest increase in p-mTOR positive cells was observed after voluntary running, with forced exercise causing a more modest increase. Interestingly, voluntary exercise preferentially increased p-mTOR in astrocytes (GFAP+), while forced running increased p-mTOR in microglia (CD11+) in the inferior dentate gyrus. Results suggest that mTOR signaling is sensitive to exercise, but subtle differences exist depending on exercise controllability. Increases in mTOR signaling could contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise on cognitive function and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Lloyd
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, United States
| | - Holly S Hake
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, United States
| | | | - Caroline E Farmer
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, United States
| | - Esteban C Loetz
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, United States
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
| | - Sondra T Bland
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, United States
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18
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Xie F, Li X, Bao M, Shi R, Yue Y, Guan Y, Wang Y. Anesthetic propofol normalized the increased release of glutamate and γ-amino butyric acid in hippocampus after paradoxical sleep deprivation in rats. Neurol Res 2016; 37:1102-7. [PMID: 26923580 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2015.1114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xueyang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Mengmeng Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yun Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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19
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Nie J, Yang X. Modulation of Synaptic Plasticity by Exercise Training as a Basis for Ischemic Stroke Rehabilitation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:5-16. [PMID: 26910247 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, rehabilitation of ischemic stroke draws more and more attention in the world, and has been linked to changes of synaptic plasticity. Exercise training improves motor function of ischemia as well as cognition which is associated with formation of learning and memory. The molecular basis of learning and memory might be synaptic plasticity. Research has therefore been conducted in an attempt to relate effects of exercise training to neuroprotection and neurogenesis adjacent to the ischemic injury brain. The present paper reviews the current literature addressing this question and discusses the possible mechanisms involved in modulation of synaptic plasticity by exercise training. This review shows the pathological process of synaptic dysfunction in ischemic roughly and then discusses the effects of exercise training on scaffold proteins and regulatory protein expression. The expression of scaffold proteins generally increased after training, but the effects on regulatory proteins were mixed. Moreover, the compositions of postsynaptic receptors were changed and the strength of synaptic transmission was enhanced after training. Finally, the recovery of cognition is critically associated with synaptic remodeling in an injured brain, and the remodeling occurs through a number of local regulations including mRNA translation, remodeling of cytoskeleton, and receptor trafficking into and out of the synapse. We do provide a comprehensive knowledge of synaptic plasticity enhancement obtained by exercise training in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Nie
- Department of Neurology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Xiang Ya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaosu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Xiang Ya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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20
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Salari M, Sheibani V, Saadati H, Pourrahimi A, khaksarihadad M, Esmaeelpour K, Khodamoradi M. The compensatory effect of regular exercise on long-term memory impairment in sleep deprived female rats. Behav Processes 2015; 119:50-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Chennaoui M, Gomez-Merino D, Drogou C, Geoffroy H, Dispersyn G, Langrume C, Ciret S, Gallopin T, Sauvet F. Effects of exercise on brain and peripheral inflammatory biomarkers induced by total sleep deprivation in rats. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:56. [PMID: 26425116 PMCID: PMC4588685 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Physical exercise induces neuroprotection through anti-inflammatory effects and total sleep deprivation is reported an inflammatory process. We examined whether 7 weeks of exercise training attenuates markers of inflammation during total sleep deprivation (24-h wakefulness) in the rat brain and periphery. Methods Four groups of 10 rats were investigated: Sedentary control, Sedentary sleep-deprived, Exercised control, and Exercised sleep-deprived. Sleep deprivation and exercise training were induced using slowly rotating wheels and a motorized treadmill. We examined mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) cytokine-related genes using real-time PCR, and protein levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, as well as circulating concentrations. Results Compared to Sedentary control rats, hippocampal and cortical IL-1β mRNA expressions in Sedentary sleep-deprived rats were up-regulated (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively). At the protein level, hippocampal IL-1β and TNF-α and cortical IL-6 contents were higher in Sedentary sleep-deprived rats (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). Peripherally, TNF-α, IL-6 and norepinephrine concentrations were higher in Sedentary sleep-deprived rats compared to Sedentary control (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively). Exercise training reduced the sleep deprivation-induced hippocampal IL-1β increases (mRNA expression and protein content) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), and TNF-α content (p < 0.001). At the periphery, exercise reduced sleep deprivation-induced increase of IL-6 concentration (p < 0.05) without effect on TNF-α and norepinephrine. Conclusions We demonstrate that a 7-week exercise training program before acute total sleep deprivation prevents pro-inflammatory responses in the rat hippocampus, particularly the IL-1β cytokine at the gene expression level and protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chennaoui
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM, Paris, France ; Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), B.P.73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, Cedex France
| | - D Gomez-Merino
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM, Paris, France
| | - C Drogou
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM, Paris, France
| | - H Geoffroy
- Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8249, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France ; Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI-ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - G Dispersyn
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM, Paris, France
| | - C Langrume
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - S Ciret
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - T Gallopin
- Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8249, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France ; Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI-ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - F Sauvet
- Département Neurosciences et contraintes opérationnelles, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA7330 VIFASOM, Paris, France
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22
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Intense exercise can cause excessive apoptosis and synapse plasticity damage in rat hippocampus through Ca2+ overload and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis pathway. Chin Med J (Engl) 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-201409200-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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23
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Saadati H, Sheibani V, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Hajali V, Mazhari S. Prior regular exercise prevents synaptic plasticity impairment in sleep deprived female rats. Brain Res Bull 2014; 108:100-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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