1
|
Olek RA, Kujach S, Radak Z. Current knowledge about pyruvate supplementation: A brief review. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:295-301. [PMID: 39309457 PMCID: PMC11411338 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate is a three-carbon ketoacid that occurs naturally in cells. It is produced through enzymatic reactions in the glycolytic pathway and plays a crucial role in energy metabolism. Despite promising early results, later well-controlled studies of physically active people have shown that pyruvate supplementation lasting more than 1 week has no ergogenic effects. However, some data suggest that ingested pyruvate may be preferentially metabolized without accumulation in the bloodstream. Pyruvate exhibits antioxidant activity and can affect the cellular redox state, and exogenous pyruvate can influence metabolism by affecting the acid-base balance of the blood. This brief review focuses on the potential effects of pyruvate as a supplement for active people. The current state of understanding suggests that studies of the effects of pyruvate supplementation should prioritize investigating the timing of pyruvate intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Olek
- Department of Athletics, Strength, and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylwester Kujach
- Department of Neurophysiology, Neuropsychology and Neuroinformatics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ryou MG, Burton S. Intermittent hypoxic training - derived exosomes in stroke rehabilitation. Front Integr Neurosci 2024; 18:1475234. [PMID: 39323911 PMCID: PMC11422222 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2024.1475234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the fourth leading cause of adult disability in the US, and it is a huge social burden all over the world. However, the efficient treatment of ischemic stroke is not available. An apparent reason for failing to find or develop an intervention for ischemic stroke is contributed to the tight blood-brain barrier (BBB). The unique characteristics of exosomes that can traverse BBB have been highlighted among researchers investigating interventions for ischemic stroke conditions. Additionally, intermittent hypoxic training has been considered a potential intervention in the treatment or rehabilitation process of ischemic stroke patients. In this mini-review, we are going to review the possibility of applying exosomes produced by a subject who does intermittent hypoxic conditioning in a treatment program for ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Gwi Ryou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Public Health, and Nutrition Science, College of Health Science, Tarleton State University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Summer Burton
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Public Health, and Nutrition Science, College of Health Science, Tarleton State University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pegadraju H, Abby Thomas J, Kumar R. Mechanistic and therapeutic role of Drp1 in the pathogenesis of stroke. Gene 2023; 855:147130. [PMID: 36543307 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stroke had emerged as one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability across the globe. Emerging evidence suggests a significant increase in the incidence of stroke with age, which is further expected to increase dramatically owing to an ever-expanding elderly population. The current situation imposes a significant burden on the healthcare system and requires a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and development of novel interventions. It is well established that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the onset of stroke. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), is a key regulator of mitochondria fission, and plays a crucial role during the pathogenesis of stroke. Drp1 protein levels significantly increase after stroke potentially in a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) dependent manner. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) facilitate mitochondrial fission and cell death by dephosphorylating the mitochondrial fission enzyme Drp1 at the inhibitory phosphorylation site serine 637. Outer mitochondrial membrane A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins 1 (AKAP 1) and protein kinase A complex (PKA) complex inhibits Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission by phosphorylating serine 637. Drp1 activation promotes the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria and therefore leads to apoptosis. In addition, Drp1 activation inhibits mitochondrial glutathione dependent free radical scavenging, which further enhances the ROS level and exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction. Drp1 translocate p53 to mitochondrial membrane and leads to mitochondria-related necrosis. The current review article discusses the possible mechanistic pathways by which Drp1 can influence the pathogenesis of stroke. Besides, it will describe various inhibitors for Drp1 and their potential role as therapeutics for stroke in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himaja Pegadraju
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Joshua Abby Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rizzo SA, Bartley O, Rosser AE, Newland B. Oxygen-glucose deprivation in neurons: implications for cell transplantation therapies. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 205:102126. [PMID: 34339808 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell replacement therapies hold the potential to restore neuronal networks compromised by neurodegenerative diseases (such as Parkinson's disease or Huntington's disease), or focal tissue damage (via a stroke or spinal cord injury). Despite some promising results achieved to date, transplanted cells typically exhibit poor survival in the central nervous system, thus limiting therapeutic efficacy of the graft. Although cell death post-transplantation is likely to be multifactorial in causality, growing evidence suggests that the lack of vascularisation at the graft site, and the resulting ischemic host environment, may play a fundamental role in the fate of grafted cells. Herein, we summarise data showing how the deprivation of either oxygen, glucose, or both in combination, impacts the survival of neurons and review strategies which may improve graft survival in the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Bartley
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Anne E Rosser
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and B.R.A.I.N Unit, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ben Newland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Wales, UK; Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo Z, DeLoid GM, Cao X, Bitounis D, Sampathkumar K, Woei Ng K, Joachim Loo SC, Philip D. Effects of ingested nanocellulose and nanochitosan materials on carbohydrate digestion and absorption in an in vitro small intestinal epithelium model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2021; 8:2554-2568. [PMID: 34840801 PMCID: PMC8622715 DOI: 10.1039/d1en00233c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale materials derived from natural biopolymers like cellulose and chitosan have many potentially useful agri-food and oral drug delivery applications. Because of their large and potentially bioactive surface areas and other unique physico-chemical properties, it is essential when evaluating their toxicological impact to assess potential effects on the digestion and absorption of co-ingested nutrients. Here, the effects of cellulose nanofibers (CNF), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and chitosan nanoparticles (Chnp) on the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates were studied. Starch digestion was assessed by measuring maltose released during simulated digestion of starch solutions. Glucose absorption was assessed by measuring translocation from the resulting digestas across an in vitro transwell tri-culture model of the small intestinal epithelium and calculating the area under the curve increase in absorbed glucose, analogous to the glycemic index. At 1% w/w, CNF and Chnp had small but significant effects (11% decrease and 14% increase, respectively) and CNC had no effect on starch hydrolysis during simulated digestion of a 1% w/w rice starch solution. In addition, at 2% w/w CNC had no effect on amylolysis in 1% solutions of either rice, corn, or wheat starch. Similarly, absorption of glucose from digestas of starch solutions (i.e., from maltose), was unaffected by 1% w/w CNF or CNC, but was slightly increased (10%, p<0.05) by 1% Chnp, possibly due to the slightly higher maltose concentration in the Chnp-containing digestas. In contrast, all of the test materials caused sharp increases (~1.2, 1.5, and 1.6 fold for CNC, CNF, and Chnp, respectively) in absorption of glucose from starch-free digestas spiked with free glucose at a concentration corresponding to complete hydrolysis of 1% w/w starch. The potential for ingested cellulose and chitosan nanomaterials to increase glucose absorption could have important health implications. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the observed increases and to evaluate the potential glycemic effects in an intact in vivo system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Guo
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Glen M DeLoid
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoqiong Cao
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaarunya Sampathkumar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141
| | - Say Chye Joachim Loo
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Demokritou Philip
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Krabbendam IE, Honrath B, Dilberger B, Iannetti EF, Branicky RS, Meyer T, Evers B, Dekker FJ, Koopman WJH, Beyrath J, Bano D, Schmidt M, Bakker BM, Hekimi S, Culmsee C, Eckert GP, Dolga AM. SK channel-mediated metabolic escape to glycolysis inhibits ferroptosis and supports stress resistance in C. elegans. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:263. [PMID: 32327637 PMCID: PMC7181639 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility is an essential characteristic of eukaryotic cells in order to adapt to physiological and environmental changes. Especially in mammalian cells, the metabolic switch from mitochondrial respiration to aerobic glycolysis provides flexibility to sustain cellular energy in pathophysiological conditions. For example, attenuation of mitochondrial respiration and/or metabolic shifts to glycolysis result in a metabolic rewiring that provide beneficial effects in neurodegenerative processes. Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of cell death triggered by an impaired redox balance is gaining attention in the field of neurodegeneration. We showed recently that activation of small-conductance calcium-activated K+ (SK) channels modulated mitochondrial respiration and protected neuronal cells from oxidative death. Here, we investigated whether SK channel activation with CyPPA induces a glycolytic shift thereby increasing resilience of neuronal cells against ferroptosis, induced by erastin in vitro and in the nematode C. elegans exposed to mitochondrial poisons in vivo. High-resolution respirometry and extracellular flux analysis revealed that CyPPA, a positive modulator of SK channels, slightly reduced mitochondrial complex I activity, while increasing glycolysis and lactate production. Concomitantly, CyPPA rescued the neuronal cells from ferroptosis, while scavenging mitochondrial ROS and inhibiting glycolysis reduced its protection. Furthermore, SK channel activation increased survival of C. elegans challenged with mitochondrial toxins. Our findings shed light on metabolic mechanisms promoted through SK channel activation through mitohormesis, which enhances neuronal resilience against ferroptosis in vitro and promotes longevity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge E Krabbendam
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit Honrath
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) e.V., Sigmund-Freud-Straße 27, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 2, Marburg, 35032, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dilberger
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nutritional Sciences, and Environmental Management, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eligio F Iannetti
- Khondrion, Philips van Leydenlaan 15, 6525EX, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robyn S Branicky
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Ave Docteur Penfield, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Tammo Meyer
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Evers
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signalling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Dekker
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry (286), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Beyrath
- Khondrion, Philips van Leydenlaan 15, 6525EX, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) e.V., Sigmund-Freud-Straße 27, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signalling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Ave Docteur Penfield, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 2, Marburg, 35032, Germany
- Center for Mind Brain and Behavior-CMBB, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nutritional Sciences, and Environmental Management, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Amalia M Dolga
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen H, Chen X, Luo Y, Shen J. Potential molecular targets of peroxynitrite in mediating blood–brain barrier damage and haemorrhagic transformation in acute ischaemic stroke with delayed tissue plasminogen activator treatment. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1220-1239. [PMID: 30468092 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1521519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Core Facility, the People’s Hospital of Bao-an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, PR China
- The 8th People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, the Affiliated Bao-an Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yunhao Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin SP, Li W, Winters A, Liu R, Yang SH. Artemisinin Prevents Glutamate-Induced Neuronal Cell Death Via Akt Pathway Activation. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:108. [PMID: 29731711 PMCID: PMC5919952 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin is an anti-malarial drug that has been in use for almost half century. Recently, novel biological effects of artemisinin on cancer, inflammation-related disorders and cardiovascular disease were reported. However, neuroprotective actions of artemisinin against glutamate-induced oxidative stress have not been investigated. In the current study, we determined the effect of artemisinin against oxidative insult in HT-22 mouse hippocampal cell line. We found that pretreatment of artemisinin declined reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, attenuated the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by glutamate and rescued HT-22 cells from glutamate-induced cell death. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that artemisinin activated Akt/Bcl-2 signaling and that neuroprotective effect of artemisinin was blocked by Akt-specific inhibitor, MK2206. Taken together, our study indicated that artemisinin prevented neuronal HT-22 cell from glutamate-induced oxidative injury by activation of Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Peng Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States.,Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Ali Winters
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Shao-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tikamdas R, Singhal S, Zhang P, Smith JA, Krause EG, Stevens SM, Song S, Liu B. Ischemia-responsive protein 94 is a key mediator of ischemic neuronal injury-induced microglial activation. J Neurochem 2017. [PMID: 28640931 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, especially activation of microglia, the key immune cells in the brain, has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. However, the dynamics and the potential mediators of microglial activation following ischemic neuronal injury are not well understood. In this study, using oxygen/glucose deprivation and reoxygenation with neuronal and microglial cell cultures as an in vitro model of ischemic neuronal injury, we set out to identify neuronal factors released from injured neurons that are capable of inducing microglial activation. Conditioned media (CM) from hippocampal and cortical neurons exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation and reoxygenation induced significant activation of microglial cells as well as primary microglia, evidenced by up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, increased production of nitrite and reactive oxygen species, and increased expression of microglial markers. Mechanistically, neuronal ischemia-responsive protein 94 (Irp94) was a key contributor to microglial activation since significant increase in Irp94 was detected in the neuronal CM following ischemic insult and immunodepletion of Irp94 rendered ischemic neuronal CM ineffective in inducing microglial activation. Ischemic insult-augmented oxidative stress was a major facilitator of neuronal Irp94 release, and pharmacological inhibition of NADPH oxidase significantly reduced the ischemic injury-induced neuronal reactive oxygen species production and Irp94 release. Taken together, these results indicate that neuronal Irp94 may play a pivotal role in the propagation of ischemic neuronal damage. Continued studies may help identify Irp94 and/or related proteins as potential therapeutic targets and/or diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for managing ischemia-associated brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Tikamdas
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sarthak Singhal
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Justin A Smith
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Eric G Krause
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Stanley M Stevens
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Sihong Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu R, Hu XH, Wang SM, Guo SJ, Li ZY, Bai XD, Zhou FQ, Hu S. Pyruvate in oral rehydration salt improves hemodynamics, vasopermeability and survival after burns in dogs. Burns 2016; 42:797-806. [PMID: 27130433 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate whether pyruvate-enriched oral rehydration solution (Pyr-ORS), compared with citrate-enriched ORS (Cit-ORS), improves hemodynamics and organ function by alleviating vasopermeability and plasma volume loss during intra-gastric fluid rehydration in dogs with severe burn. METHODS Forty dogs subjected to severe burn were randomly divided into four groups (n=10): two oral rehydrated groups with Pyr-ORS and Cit-ORS (group PR and group CR), respectively, according to the Parkland formula during the first 24h after burns. Other two groups were the intravenous (IV) resuscitation (group VR) with lactated Ringer's solution with the same dosage and no fluid rehydration (group NR). During the next 24h, all groups received the same IV infusion. The hemodynamics, plasma volume, vasopermeability and water contents and function of various organs were determined. Plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet activating factor (PAF) were detected by ELISA. RESULTS Hemodynamics parameters were significantly improved in group PR superior to group CR after burns. Levels of VEGF and PAF were significantly lower in group PR than in group CR. Organ function parameters were also greatly preserved in group PR, relative to groups CR and NR. Lactic acidosis was fully corrected and survival increased in group PR (50.0%), compared to group CR (20.0%). CONCLUSION Pyr-ORS was more effective than Cit-ORS in improving hemodynamics, visceral blood perfusion and organ function by alleviating vasopermeability-induced visceral edema and plasma volume loss in dogs with severe burn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Burns, the Fifth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiao-Hang Hu
- Laboratory for Shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction of Burns Institute, Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury and Repair Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China; School of Medical Science, Faculty of Science Office, Level 2, Carslaw Building (F07), University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shu-Ming Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Si-Jia Guo
- Department of Human Resources, the First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Zong-Yu Li
- Department of Burns, the Fifth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Bai
- Department of Burn Surgery, the General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Fang-Qiang Zhou
- Shanghai Sandai Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Sen Hu
- Laboratory for Shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction of Burns Institute, Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury and Repair Regeneration, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Koivisto H, Leinonen H, Puurula M, Hafez HS, Barrera GA, Stridh MH, Waagepetersen HS, Tiainen M, Soininen P, Zilberter Y, Tanila H. Chronic Pyruvate Supplementation Increases Exploratory Activity and Brain Energy Reserves in Young and Middle-Aged Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:41. [PMID: 27014054 PMCID: PMC4794631 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported neuroprotective effects of pyruvate when given in systemic injections. Impaired glucose uptake and metabolism are found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in AD mouse models. We tested whether dietary pyruvate supplementation is able to provide added energy supply to brain and thereby attenuate aging- or AD-related cognitive impairment. Mice received ~800 mg/kg/day Na-pyruvate in their chow for 2-6 months. In middle-aged wild-type mice and in 6.5-month-old APP/PS1 mice, pyruvate facilitated spatial learning and increased exploration of a novel odor. However, in passive avoidance task for fear memory, the treatment group was clearly impaired. Independent of age, long-term pyruvate increased explorative behavior, which likely explains the paradoxical impairment in passive avoidance. We also assessed pyruvate effects on body weight, muscle force, and endurance, and found no effects. Metabolic postmortem assays revealed increased energy compounds in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as increased brain glycogen storages in the pyruvate group. Pyruvate supplementation may counteract aging-related behavioral impairment, but its beneficial effect seems related to increased explorative activity rather than direct memory enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Henri Leinonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Mari Puurula
- A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Hani Sayed Hafez
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University , Suez , Egypt
| | | | - Malin H Stridh
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Mika Tiainen
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Pasi Soininen
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Yuri Zilberter
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale UMR_S 1106, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Université , Marseille , France
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ryou MG, Choudhury GR, Li W, Winters A, Yuan F, Liu R, Yang SH. Methylene blue-induced neuronal protective mechanism against hypoxia-reoxygenation stress. Neuroscience 2015; 301:193-203. [PMID: 26047733 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Brain ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs in various pathological conditions, but there is no effective treatment currently available in clinical practice. Methylene blue (MB) is a century-old drug with a newly discovered protective function in the ischemic stroke model. In the current investigation we studied the MB-induced neuroprotective mechanism focusing on stabilization and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in an in vitro oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-reoxygenation model. METHODS HT22 cells were exposed to OGD (0.1% O2, 6h) and reoxygenation (21% O2, 24h). Cell viability was determined with the calcein AM assay. The dynamic change of intracellular O2 concentration was monitored by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLTIM). Glucose uptake was quantified using the 2-[N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-Oxa-1,3-Diazol-4-yl)Amino]-2-Deoxy-d-Glucose (2-NBDG) assay. ATP concentration and glycolytic enzyme activity were examined by spectrophotometry. Protein content changes were measured by immunoblot: HIF-1α, prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), erythropoietin (EPO), Akt, mTOR, and PIP5K. The contribution of HIF-1α activation in the MB-induced neuroprotective mechanism was confirmed by blocking HIF-1α activation with 2-methoxyestradiol-2 (2-MeOE2) and by transiently transfecting constitutively active HIF-1α. RESULTS MB increases cell viability by about 50% vs. OGD control. Compared to the corresponding control, MB increases intracellular O2 concentration and glucose uptake as well as the activities of hexokinase and G-6-PDH, and ATP concentration. MB activates the EPO signaling pathway with a corresponding increase in HIF-1α. Phosphorylation of Akt was significantly increased with MB treatment followed by activation of the mTOR pathway. Importantly, we observed, MB increased nuclear translocation of HIF-1α vs. control (about three folds), which was shown by a ratio of nuclear:cytoplasmic HIF-1α protein content. CONCLUSION We conclude that MB protects the hippocampus-derived neuronal cells against OGD-reoxygenation injury by enhancing energy metabolism and increasing HIF-1α protein content accompanied by an activation of the EPO signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M-G Ryou
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
| | - G R Choudhury
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - W Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - A Winters
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - F Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - R Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - S-H Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nguyen AQ, Cherry BH, Scott GF, Ryou MG, Mallet RT. Erythropoietin: powerful protection of ischemic and post-ischemic brain. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1461-75. [PMID: 24595981 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214523703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic brain injury inflicted by stroke and cardiac arrest ranks among the leading causes of death and long-term disability in the United States. The brain consumes large amounts of metabolic substrates and oxygen to sustain its energy requirements. Consequently, the brain is exquisitely sensitive to interruptions in its blood supply, and suffers irreversible damage after 10-15 min of severe ischemia. Effective treatments to protect the brain from stroke and cardiac arrest have proven elusive, due to the complexities of the injury cascades ignited by ischemia and reperfusion. Although recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and therapeutic hypothermia have proven efficacious for stroke and cardiac arrest, respectively, these treatments are constrained by narrow therapeutic windows, potentially detrimental side-effects and the limited availability of hypothermia equipment. Mounting evidence demonstrates the cytokine hormone erythropoietin (EPO) to be a powerful neuroprotective agent and a potential adjuvant to established therapies. Classically, EPO originating primarily in the kidneys promotes erythrocyte production by suppressing apoptosis of proerythroid progenitors in bone marrow. However, the brain is capable of producing EPO, and EPO's membrane receptors and signaling components also are expressed in neurons and astrocytes. EPO activates signaling cascades that increase the brain's resistance to ischemia-reperfusion stress by stabilizing mitochondrial membranes, limiting formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, and suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine production and neutrophil infiltration. Collectively, these mechanisms preserve functional brain tissue and, thus, improve neurocognitive recovery from brain ischemia. This article reviews the mechanisms mediating EPO-induced brain protection, critiques the clinical utility of exogenous EPO to preserve brain threatened by ischemic stroke and cardiac arrest, and discusses the prospects for induction of EPO production within the brain by the intermediary metabolite, pyruvate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Q Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699
| | - Brandon H Cherry
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699
| | - Gary F Scott
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699
| | - Myoung-Gwi Ryou
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699
| | - Robert T Mallet
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699
| |
Collapse
|