1
|
Zhou N, Liu YD, Zhang Y, Gu TW, Peng LH. Pharmacological Functions, Synthesis, and Delivery Progress for Collagen as Biodrug and Biomaterial. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051443. [PMID: 37242685 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen has been widely applied as a functional biomaterial in regulating tissue regeneration and drug delivery by participating in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, intercellular signal transmission, tissue formation, and blood coagulation. However, traditional extraction of collagen from animals potentially induces immunogenicity and requires complicated material treatment and purification steps. Although semi-synthesis strategies such as utilizing recombinant E. coli or yeast expression systems have been explored as alternative methods, the influence of unwanted by-products, foreign substances, and immature synthetic processes have limited its industrial production and clinical applications. Meanwhile, macromolecule collagen products encounter a bottleneck in delivery and absorption by conventional oral and injection vehicles, which promotes the studies of transdermal and topical delivery strategies and implant methods. This review illustrates the physiological and therapeutic effects, synthesis strategies, and delivery technologies of collagen to provide a reference and outlook for the research and development of collagen as a biodrug and biomaterial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu-Da Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting-Wei Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li-Hua Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yifan H, Peng G, Tao Q, Bo C, Tao X, Jiang Y, Qian W, Zhenqi Y, Tao J, Jin F, Shujie Z, Wei Z, Jian C, Guoyong Y. Delayed inhibition of collagen deposition by targeting bone morphogenetic protein 1 promotes recovery after spinal cord injury. Matrix Biol 2023; 118:69-91. [PMID: 36918086 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic scars appear after spinal cord injury (SCI) and are mainly composed of fibroblasts and excess extracellular matrix (ECM), including different types of collagen. The temporal and spatial distribution and role of excess collagens and ECM after SCI are not yet fully understood. Here, we identified that the procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide (PICP), a marker of collagen type I deposition, and bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1), a secreted procollagen c-proteinase (PCP) for type I collagen maturation, were significantly elevatedin cerebrospinal fluid of patients with SCI compared with healthy controls, and were associated with spinal cord compression and neurological symptoms. We revealed the deposition of type I collagen in the area damaged by SCI in mice and confirmed that BMP1 was the only expressed PCP and induced collagen deposition. Furthermore, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) can activate the expression of BMP1. However, inhibition of BMP1 at the acute phase eliminated fibrotic scars in the damaged area and inhibited activation and enrichment of astrocytes, which made the damage difficult to repair and increased hematoma. Unexpectedly, knockdown of Bmp1 by adeno-associated virus or the inhibition of BMP1 biological function by specific inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies at different time points after injury led to distinct therapeutic effects. Only delayed inhibition of BMP1 improved axonal regeneration and myelin repair at the subacute stage post-injury, and led to the recovery of motor function, suggesting that scarring had a dual effect. Early inhibition of the scarring was not conducive to limiting inflammation, while excessive scar formation inhibited the growth of axons. After SCI, the collagen deposition indicators increased in both human cerebrospinal fluid and mouse spinal cord. Therefore, suppression of BMP1 during the subacute phase improves nerve function after SCI and is a potential target for scar reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huang Yifan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Gao Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Qin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Chu Bo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xu Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Wang Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yang Zhenqi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jiang Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Fan Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Zhao Shujie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Zhou Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Chen Jian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Yin Guoyong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sousa JPM, Stratakis E, Mano J, Marques PAAP. Anisotropic 3D scaffolds for spinal cord guided repair: Current concepts. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 148:213353. [PMID: 36848743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
A spinal cord injury (SCI) can be caused by unforeseen events such as a fall, a vehicle accident, a gunshot, or a malignant illness, which has a significant impact on the quality of life of the patient. Due to the limited regenerative potential of the central nervous system (CNS), SCI is one of the most daunting medical challenges of modern medicine. Great advances have been made in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, which include the transition from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) biomaterials. Combinatory treatments that use 3D scaffolds may significantly enhance the repair and regeneration of functional neural tissue. In an effort to mimic the chemical and physical properties of neural tissue, scientists are researching the development of the ideal scaffold made of synthetic and/or natural polymers. Moreover, in order to restore the architecture and function of neural networks, 3D scaffolds with anisotropic properties that replicate the native longitudinal orientation of spinal cord nerve fibres are being designed. In an effort to determine if scaffold anisotropy is a crucial property for neural tissue regeneration, this review focuses on the most current technological developments relevant to anisotropic scaffolds for SCI. Special consideration is given to the architectural characteristics of scaffolds containing axially oriented fibres, channels, and pores. By analysing neural cell behaviour in vitro and tissue integration and functional recovery in animal models of SCI, the therapeutic efficacy is evaluated for its successes and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana P M Sousa
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; LASI - Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Portugal; Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Greece; CICECO - Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Greece
| | - João Mano
- CICECO - Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Paula A A P Marques
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; LASI - Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Suzuki H, Imajo Y, Funaba M, Ikeda H, Nishida N, Sakai T. Current Concepts of Biomaterial Scaffolds and Regenerative Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032528. [PMID: 36768846 PMCID: PMC9917245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic condition associated with significant neurological deficit and social and financial burdens. It is currently being managed symptomatically, with no real therapeutic strategies available. In recent years, a number of innovative regenerative strategies have emerged and have been continuously investigated in preclinical research and clinical trials. In the near future, several more are expected to come down the translational pipeline. Among ongoing and completed trials are those reporting the use of biomaterial scaffolds. The advancements in biomaterial technology, combined with stem cell therapy or other regenerative therapy, can now accelerate the progress of promising novel therapeutic strategies from bench to bedside. Various types of approaches to regeneration therapy for SCI have been combined with the use of supportive biomaterial scaffolds as a drug and cell delivery system to facilitate favorable cell-material interactions and the supportive effect of neuroprotection. In this review, we summarize some of the most recent insights of preclinical and clinical studies using biomaterial scaffolds in regenerative therapy for SCI and summarized the biomaterial strategies for treatment with simplified results data. One hundred and sixty-eight articles were selected in the present review, in which we focused on biomaterial scaffolds. We conducted our search of articles using PubMed and Medline, a medical database. We used a combination of "Spinal cord injury" and ["Biomaterial", or "Scaffold"] as search terms and searched articles published up until 30 April 2022. Successful future therapies will require these biomaterial scaffolds and other synergistic approaches to address the persistent barriers to regeneration, including glial scarring, the loss of a structural framework, and biocompatibility. This database could serve as a benchmark to progress in future clinical trials for SCI using biomaterial scaffolds.
Collapse
|
5
|
Agarwal G, Roy A, Kumar H, Srivastava A. Graphene-collagen cryogel controls neuroinflammation and fosters accelerated axonal regeneration in spinal cord injury. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:212971. [PMID: 35882128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition resulting in loss of motor function. The pathology of SCI is multifaceted and involves a cascade of events, including neuroinflammation and neuronal degeneration at the epicenter, limiting repair process. We developed a supermacroporous, mechanically elastic, electro-conductive, graphene crosslinked collagen (Gr-Col) cryogels for the regeneration of the spinal cord post-injury. The effects of graphene in controlling astrocytes reactivity and microglia polarization are evaluated in spinal cord slice organotypic culture and rat spinal cord lateral hemisection model of SCI. In our work, the application of external electric stimulus results in the enhanced expression of neuronal markers in an organotypic culture. The implantation of Gr-Col cryogels in rat thoracic T9-T11 hemisection model demonstrates an improved functional recovery within 14 days post-injury (DPI), promoted myelination, and decreases the lesion volume at the injury site. Decrease in the expression of STAT3 in the implanted Gr-Col cryogels may be responsible for the decrease in astrocytes reactivity. Microglia cells within the implanted cryogels shows higher anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2) than inflammatory (M1) phenotype. The higher expression of mature axonal markers like β-tubulin III, GAP43, doublecortin, and neurofilament 200 in the implanted Gr-Col cryogel confirms the axonal regeneration after 28 DPI. Gr-Col cryogels also modulate the production of ECM matrix, favouring the axonal regeneration. This study shows that Gr-Col cryogels decreases neuroinflammation and accelerate axonal regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educational and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educational and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educational and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India.
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- Department of Medical Device, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educational and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Characterization of a Novel Aspect of Tissue Scarring Following Experimental Spinal Cord Injury and the Implantation of Bioengineered Type-I Collagen Scaffolds in the Adult Rat: Involvement of Perineurial-like Cells? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063221. [PMID: 35328642 PMCID: PMC8954100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous intervention strategies have been developed to promote functional tissue repair following experimental spinal cord injury (SCI), including the bridging of lesion-induced cystic cavities with bioengineered scaffolds. Integration between such implanted scaffolds and the lesioned host spinal cord is critical for supporting regenerative growth, but only moderate-to-low degrees of success have been reported. Light and electron microscopy were employed to better characterise the fibroadhesive scarring process taking place after implantation of a longitudinally microstructured type-I collagen scaffold into unilateral mid-cervical resection injuries of the adult rat spinal cord. At long survival times (10 weeks post-surgery), sheets of tightly packed cells (of uniform morphology) could be seen lining the inner surface of the repaired dura mater of lesion-only control animals, as well as forming a barrier along the implant–host interface of the scaffold-implanted animals. The highly uniform ultrastructural features of these scarring cells and their anatomical continuity with the local, reactive spinal nerve roots strongly suggest their identity to be perineurial-like cells. This novel aspect of the cellular composition of reactive spinal cord tissue highlights the increasingly complex nature of fibroadhesive scarring involved in traumatic injury, and particularly in response to the implantation of bioengineered collagen scaffolds.
Collapse
|
7
|
Shafiei M, Ansari MNM, Razak SIA, Khan MUA. A Comprehensive Review on the Applications of Exosomes and Liposomes in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2529. [PMID: 34372132 PMCID: PMC8347192 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are generally concerned with reconstructing cells, tissues, or organs to restore typical biological characteristics. Liposomes are round vesicles with a hydrophilic center and bilayers of amphiphiles which are the most influential family of nanomedicine. Liposomes have extensive research, engineering, and medicine uses, particularly in a drug delivery system, genes, and vaccines for treatments. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry various biomolecular cargos such as miRNA, mRNA, DNA, and proteins. As exosomal cargo changes with adjustments in parent cells and position, research of exosomal cargo constituents provides a rare chance for sicknesses prognosis and care. Exosomes have a more substantial degree of bioactivity and immunogenicity than liposomes as they are distinctly chiefly formed by cells, which improves their steadiness in the bloodstream, and enhances their absorption potential and medicinal effectiveness in vitro and in vivo. In this review, the crucial challenges of exosome and liposome science and their functions in disease improvement and therapeutic applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies are prominently highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shafiei
- Bioinspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Johor, Malaysia; (M.S.); (M.U.A.K.)
| | | | - Saiful Izwan Abd Razak
- Bioinspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Johor, Malaysia; (M.S.); (M.U.A.K.)
| | - Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan
- Bioinspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Johor, Malaysia; (M.S.); (M.U.A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Srivastava E, Singh A, Kumar A. Spinal cord regeneration: A brief overview of the present scenario and a sneak peek into the future. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100167. [PMID: 34080314 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) portrays appreciable complexity in developing from a neural tube to controlling major functions of the body and orchestrated co-ordination in maintaining its homeostasis. Any insult or pathology to such an organized tissue leads to a plethora of events ranging from local hypoxia, ischemia, oxidative stress to reactive gliosis and scarring. Despite unravelling the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) and linked cellular and molecular mechanism, the over exhaustive inflammatory response at the site of injury, limited intrinsic regeneration capability of CNS, and the dual role of glial scar halts the expected accomplishment. The review discusses major current treatment approaches for traumatic SCI, addressing their limitation and scope for further development in the field under three main categories- neuroprotection, neuro-regeneration, and neuroplasticity. We further propose that a multi-disciplinary combinatorial treatment approach exploring any two or all three heads simultaneously might alleviate the inhibitory milieu and ameliorate functional recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Srivastava
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anamika Singh
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.,The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang M, Li C, Zhou LP, Pi W, Zhang PX. Polymer Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications in Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092712. [PMID: 34063072 PMCID: PMC8124340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system is a significant part of the human body, and peripheral nerve injury caused by trauma can cause various functional disorders. When the broken end defect is large and cannot be repaired by direct suture, small gap sutures of nerve conduits can effectively replace nerve transplantation and avoid the side effect of donor area disorders. There are many choices for nerve conduits, and natural materials and synthetic polymers have their advantages. Among them, the nerve scaffold should meet the requirements of good degradability, biocompatibility, promoting axon growth, supporting axon expansion and regeneration, and higher cell adhesion. Polymer biological scaffolds can change some shortcomings of raw materials by using electrospinning filling technology and surface modification technology to make them more suitable for nerve regeneration. Therefore, polymer scaffolds have a substantial prospect in the field of biomedicine in future. This paper reviews the application of nerve conduits in the field of repairing peripheral nerve injury, and we discuss the latest progress of materials and fabrication techniques of these polymer scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Z.); (C.L.); (W.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ci Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Z.); (C.L.); (W.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Wei Pi
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Z.); (C.L.); (W.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pei-Xun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Z.); (C.L.); (W.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Collagen-based scaffolds: An auspicious tool to support repair, recovery, and regeneration post spinal cord injury. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120559. [PMID: 33831486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a perplexing traumatic disease that habitually gives ride to permanent disability, motor, and sensory impairment. Despite the existence of several therapeutic approaches for the injured motor or sensory neurons, they can't promote axonal regeneration. Whether prepared by conventional or rapid prototyping techniques, scaffolds can be applied to refurbish the continuity of the injured site, by creating a suitable environment for tissue repair, axonal regeneration, and vascularization. Collagen is a multi-sourced protein, found in animals skin, tendons, cartilage, bones, and human placenta, in addition to marine biomass. Collagen is highly abundant in the extracellular matrix and is known for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, porous structure, good permeability, low immunogenicity and thus is extensively applied in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries as well as the tissue engineering field. Collagen in scaffolds is usually functionalized with different ligands and factors such as, stem cells, embryonic or human cells to augment its binding specificity and activity. The review summarizes the significance of collagen-based scaffolds and their influence on regeneration, repair and recovery of spinal cord injuries.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yeh JZ, Wang DH, Cherng JH, Wang YW, Fan GY, Liou NH, Liu JC, Chou CH. A Collagen-Based Scaffold for Promoting Neural Plasticity in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2245. [PMID: 33003601 PMCID: PMC7600216 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In spinal cord injury (SCI) therapy, glial scarring formed by activated astrocytes is a primary problem that needs to be solved to enhance axonal regeneration. In this study, we developed and used a collagen scaffold for glial scar replacement to create an appropriate environment in an SCI rat model and determined whether neural plasticity can be manipulated using this approach. We used four experimental groups, as follows: SCI-collagen scaffold, SCI control, normal spinal cord-collagen scaffold, and normal control. The collagen scaffold showed excellent in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. Immunofluorescence staining revealed increased expression of neurofilament and fibronectin and reduced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and anti-chondroitin sulfate in the collagen scaffold-treated SCI rats at 1 and 4 weeks post-implantation compared with that in untreated SCI control. This indicates that the collagen scaffold implantation promoted neuronal survival and axonal growth within the injured site and prevented glial scar formation by controlling astrocyte production for their normal functioning. Our study highlights the feasibility of using the collagen scaffold in SCI repair. The collagen scaffold was found to exert beneficial effects on neuronal activity and may help in manipulating synaptic plasticity, implying its great potential for clinical application in SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jue-Zong Yeh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Ding-Han Wang
- School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Juin-Hong Cherng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (Y.-W.W.); (N.-H.L.); (J.-C.L.)
- Department of Gerontological Health Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (Y.-W.W.); (N.-H.L.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Gang-Yi Fan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Nien-Hsien Liou
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (Y.-W.W.); (N.-H.L.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Jiang-Chuan Liu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (Y.-W.W.); (N.-H.L.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Chung-Hsing Chou
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Altinova H, Hammes S, Palm M, Achenbach P, Gerardo-Nava J, Deumens R, Führmann T, van Neerven SGA, Hermans E, Weis J, Brook GA. Dense fibroadhesive scarring and poor blood vessel-maturation hamper the integration of implanted collagen scaffolds in an experimental model of spinal cord injury. Biomed Mater 2020; 15:015012. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab5e52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
13
|
Morgado PI, Palacios M, Larrain J. In situ injectable hydrogels for spinal cord regeneration: advances from the last 10 years. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019; 6:012002. [PMID: 33438588 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab52e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a tremendously devastating disorder with no effective therapy. Neuroprotective strategies have been applied aiming to prevent secondary cell death but no successful and robust effects have been observed. Recently, combinatorial approaches using biomaterials with cells and/or growth factors have demonstrated promising therapeutic effects because of the improvement of axonal growth and in vivo functional recovery in model organisms. In situ injectable hydrogels are a particularly attractive neuroregenerative approach to improve spinal cord repair and regeneration since they can be precisely injected into the lesion site filling the space prior to gelification, decrease scarring and promote axon growth due to the hydrogel's soft structure. Important advances regarding the use of hydrogels as potential therapeutic approaches has been reported during the last 10 years. Injectable alginate hydrogel loaded with GDNF, thermoresponsives heparin-poloxamer loaded with NGF and imidazole-poly(organophosphazenes) hydrogels are just three examples of biomaterials that can promote neurite, axon growth and improve functional recovery in hemisected and resected rats. Here we will review the status of in situ injectable hydrogels for spinal cord regeneration with special focus in the advantages of using hydrogel scaffolds, the ideal polymers to be used, the gelification process and the cells or growth factors combined. The in vitro and in vivo results reported for those biomaterials will be presented, compared and discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang X, Botchway BOA, Zhang Y, Yuan J, Liu X. Combinational Treatment of Bioscaffolds and Extracellular Vesicles in Spinal Cord Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:81. [PMID: 31031590 PMCID: PMC6474389 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in an irreversible disability due to loss of sensorimotor function below the lesion. Presently, clinical treatments for SCI mainly include surgery, drugs and postoperative rehabilitation. The prospective roles of bioscaffolds and exosomes in several neurological diseases have been reported. Bioscaffolds can reconnect lesion gaps as well as transport cells and bioactive factors, which in turn can improve axonal and functional regeneration. Herein, we explicate the respective roles of bioscaffolds and exosomes in SCI, and elucidate on the usage of combinational therapy involving bioscaffolds and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in improving SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xizhi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaying Yuan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Altinova H, Hammes S, Palm M, Gerardo-Nava J, Achenbach P, Deumens R, Hermans E, Führmann T, Boecker A, van Neerven SGA, Bozkurt A, Weis J, Brook GA. Fibroadhesive scarring of grafted collagen scaffolds interferes with implant-host neural tissue integration and bridging in experimental spinal cord injury. Regen Biomater 2019; 6:75-87. [PMID: 30967962 PMCID: PMC6447003 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a devastating and permanent loss of function, and is currently an incurable condition. It is generally accepted that future intervention strategies will require combinational approaches, including bioengineered scaffolds, to support axon growth across tissue scarring and cystic cavitation. Previously, we demonstrated that implantation of a microporous type-I collagen scaffold into an experimental model of SCI was capable of supporting functional recovery in the absence of extensive implant–host neural tissue integration. Here, we demonstrate the reactive host cellular responses that may be detrimental to neural tissue integration after implantation of collagen scaffolds into unilateral resection injuries of the adult rat spinal cord. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated scattered fibroblast-like cell infiltration throughout the scaffolds as well as the presence of variable layers of densely packed cells, the fine processes of which extended along the graft–host interface. Few reactive astroglial or regenerating axonal profiles could be seen traversing this layer. Such encapsulation-type behaviour around bioengineered scaffolds impedes the integration of host neural tissues and reduces the intended bridging role of the implant. Characterization of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning this behaviour will be pivotal in the future design of collagen-based bridging scaffolds intended for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haktan Altinova
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Police Headquarters Berlin, Medical Commission, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hammes
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Moniek Palm
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jose Gerardo-Nava
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pascal Achenbach
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ronald Deumens
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Hermans
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tobias Führmann
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arne Boecker
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Centre Trauma Centre, BG Trauma Centre Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Burn Centre, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabien Geraldine Antonia van Neerven
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Burn Centre, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ahmet Bozkurt
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Burn Centre, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Burn Surgery, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gary Anthony Brook
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yen CM, Shen CC, Yang YC, Liu BS, Lee HT, Sheu ML, Tsai MH, Cheng WY. Novel electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)/type I collagen nanofiber conduits for repair of peripheral nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1617-1625. [PMID: 31089062 PMCID: PMC6557087 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.255997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the potential of artificially synthesized conduits in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. Natural biopolymers have received much attention because of their biocompatibility. To investigate the effects of novel electrospun absorbable poly(ε-caprolactone)/type I collagen nanofiber conduits (biopolymer nanofiber conduits) on the repair of peripheral nerve injury, we bridged 10-mm-long sciatic nerve defects with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits, poly(ε-caprolactone) or silicone conduits in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rat neurologica1 function was weekly evaluated using sciatic function index within 8 weeks after repair. Eight weeks after repair, sciatic nerve myelin sheaths and axon morphology were observed by osmium tetroxide staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and transmission electron microscopy. S-100 (Schwann cell marker) and CD4 (inflammatory marker) immunoreactivities in sciatic nerve were detected by immunohistochemistry. In rats subjected to repair with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits, no serious inflammatory reactions were observed in rat hind limbs, the morphology of myelin sheaths in the injured sciatic nerve was close to normal. CD4 immunoreactivity was obviously weaker in rats subjected to repair with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits than in those subjected to repair with poly(ε-caprolactone) or silicone. Rats subjected to repair with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits tended to have greater sciatic nerve function recovery than those receiving poly(ε-caprolactone) or silicone repair. These results suggest that electrospun absorbable poly(ε-caprolactone)/type I collagen nanofiber conduits have the potential of repairing sciatic nerve defects and exhibit good biocompatibility. All experimental procedures were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taiwan, China (La-1031218) on October 2, 2014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ming Yen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Chiung-Chyi Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy, Hungkuang University; Basic Medical Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Yi-Chin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Bai-Shuan Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Hsu-Tung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Meei-Ling Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University; Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Meng-Hsiun Tsai
- Department of Management Information System, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Wen-Yu Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang B, Yan W, Zhu Y, Yang W, Le W, Chen B, Zhu R, Cheng L. Nanomaterials in Neural-Stem-Cell-Mediated Regenerative Medicine: Imaging and Treatment of Neurological Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705694. [PMID: 29543350 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Patients are increasingly being diagnosed with neuropathic diseases, but are rarely cured because of the loss of neurons in damaged tissues. This situation creates an urgent clinical need to develop alternative treatment strategies for effective repair and regeneration of injured or diseased tissues. Neural stem cells (NSCs), highly pluripotent cells with the ability of self-renewal and potential for multidirectional differentiation, provide a promising solution to meet this demand. However, some serious challenges remaining to be addressed are the regulation of implanted NSCs, tracking their fate, monitoring their interaction with and responsiveness to the tissue environment, and evaluating their treatment efficacy. Nanomaterials have been envisioned as innovative components to further empower the field of NSC-based regenerative medicine, because their unique physicochemical characteristics provide unparalleled solutions to the imaging and treatment of diseases. By building on the advantages of nanomaterials, tremendous efforts have been devoted to facilitate research into the clinical translation of NSC-based therapy. Here, recent work on emerging nanomaterials is highlighted and their performance in the imaging and treatment of neurological diseases is evaluated, comparing the strengths and weaknesses of various imaging modalities currently used. The underlying mechanisms of therapeutic efficacy are discussed, and future research directions are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbo Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yanjing Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Weitao Yang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Wenjun Le
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Bingdi Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Biomaterial Scaffolds in Regenerative Therapy of the Central Nervous System. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7848901. [PMID: 29805977 PMCID: PMC5899851 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7848901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is the most important section of the nervous system as it regulates the function of various organs. Injury to the CNS causes impairment of neurological functions in corresponding sites and further leads to long-term patient disability. CNS regeneration is difficult because of its poor response to treatment and, to date, no effective therapies have been found to rectify CNS injuries. Biomaterial scaffolds have been applied with promising results in regeneration medicine. They also show great potential in CNS regeneration for tissue repair and functional recovery. Biomaterial scaffolds are applied in CNS regeneration predominantly as hydrogels and biodegradable scaffolds. They can act as cellular supportive scaffolds to facilitate cell infiltration and proliferation. They can also be combined with cell therapy to repair CNS injury. This review discusses the categories and progression of the biomaterial scaffolds that are applied in CNS regeneration.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang L, Shi Q, Dai J, Gu Y, Feng Y, Chen L. Increased vascularization promotes functional recovery in the transected spinal cord rats by implanted vascular endothelial growth factor-targeting collagen scaffold. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1024-1034. [PMID: 28786500 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is global health concern. The effective strategies for SCI are relevant to the improvement on nerve regeneration microenvironment. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important cytokine for inducing angiogenesis and accelerating nerve system function recovery from injury. We proposed that VEGF could improve nerve regeneration in SCI. However, an uncontrolled delivery system target to injury site not only decreases the therapeutic efficacy but also increases the risk of tumor information. We implanted collagen scaffold (CS) targeted with a constructed protein, collagen-binding VEGF (CBD-VEGF), to bridge transected spine cord gap in a rat transected SCI model. Functional and histological examinations were conducted to assess the repair capacity of the delivery system CS/CBD-VEGF. The results indicated that the implantation of CS/CBD-VEGF into the model rats improved the survival rate and exerted beneficial effect on functional recovery. The controlled intervention improved the microenvironment, guided axon growth, and promoted neovascularization at the injury site. Therefore, the delivery system with stable binding of VEGF potentially provides a better therapeutic option for SCI. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1024-1034, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P.R. China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Beijing, 100000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Faccendini A, Vigani B, Rossi S, Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Caramella CM, Ferrari F. Nanofiber Scaffolds as Drug Delivery Systems to Bridge Spinal Cord Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10030063. [PMID: 28678209 PMCID: PMC5620607 DOI: 10.3390/ph10030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) may explain the current lack of an effective therapeutic approach for the regeneration of damaged neuronal cells and the recovery of motor functions. A primary mechanical injury in the spinal cord triggers a cascade of secondary events, which are involved in SCI instauration and progression. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the therapeutic neuro-protective and neuro-regenerative approaches, which involve the use of nanofibers as local drug delivery systems. Drugs released by nanofibers aim at preventing the cascade of secondary damage (neuro-protection), whereas nanofibrous structures are intended to re-establish neuronal connectivity through axonal sprouting (neuro-regeneration) promotion, in order to achieve a rapid functional recovery of spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Faccendini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Führmann T, Anandakumaran PN, Shoichet MS. Combinatorial Therapies After Spinal Cord Injury: How Can Biomaterials Help? Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28247563 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in an immediate loss of motor and sensory function below the injury site and is associated with a poor prognosis. The inhibitory environment that develops in response to the injury is mainly due to local expression of inhibitory factors, scarring and the formation of cystic cavitations, all of which limit the regenerative capacity of endogenous or transplanted cells. Strategies that demonstrate promising results induce a change in the microenvironment at- and around the lesion site to promote endogenous cell repair, including axonal regeneration or the integration of transplanted cells. To date, many of these strategies target only a single aspect of SCI; however, the multifaceted nature of SCI suggests that combinatorial strategies will likely be more effective. Biomaterials are a key component of combinatorial strategies, as they have the potential to deliver drugs locally over a prolonged period of time and aid in cell survival, integration and differentiation. Here we summarize the advantages and limitations of widely used strategies to promote recovery after injury and highlight recent research where biomaterials aided combinatorial strategies to overcome some of the barriers of spinal cord regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Führmann
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research; 160 College Street, Room 514 Toronto ON M5S 3E1 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; 200 College Street Toronto ON M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Priya N. Anandakumaran
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research; 160 College Street, Room 514 Toronto ON M5S 3E1 Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; 164 College Street Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
| | - Molly S. Shoichet
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research; 160 College Street, Room 514 Toronto ON M5S 3E1 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; 200 College Street Toronto ON M5S 3E5 Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; 164 College Street Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St George St Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Drobnik J, Pietrucha K, Kudzin M, Mader K, Szymański J, Szczepanowska A. Comparison of various types of collagenous scaffolds applied for embryonic nerve cell culture. Biologicals 2017; 46:74-80. [PMID: 28108210 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to confirm whether collagen-based scaffolds using different cross-linking methods are suitable elaborate environments for embryonic nerve cell culture. Three 3D sponge-shaped porous scaffolds were composed using collagen alone, collagen with chondroitin sulphate modified by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, and collagen cross-linked by 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). Embryonic nerve cells from rats were applied to the scaffolds and stained with bisbenzimide to study cell entrapment within the scaffolds. The metabolic activity of the cells cultured in the scaffolds was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The majority of cells were differentiated into neurocytes or oligodendrocytes. Collagen and collagen-chondroitin sulphate scaffolds entrapped a low number of cells. The highest cell density was found in the collagen-DAC scaffold. Moreover, in collagen-DAC scaffolds, the metabolic activity was markedly higher than in the other samples. Although all used scaffolds are suitable for the culture of embryonic nerve cells, the collagen-DAC scaffold properties are the most favorable. This scaffold entraps the highest number of cells and constitutes a favorable environment for their culture. Hence, the Col-DAC scaffold is recommended as an effective carrier for embryonic nerve cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Drobnik
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue Metabolism, Department of Neuropeptides Research, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Pietrucha
- Department of Material and Commodity Sciences and Textile Metrology, Lodz University of Technology, Poland
| | | | | | - Jacek Szymański
- Central Scientific Laboratory, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Alicja Szczepanowska
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue Metabolism, Department of Neuropeptides Research, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Altinova H, Möllers S, Deumens R, Gerardo-Nava J, Führmann T, van Neerven SGA, Bozkurt A, Mueller CA, Hoff HJ, Heschel I, Weis J, Brook GA. Functional recovery not correlated with axon regeneration through olfactory ensheathing cell-seeded scaffolds in a model of acute spinal cord injury. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:585-600. [PMID: 30603440 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-9115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The implantation of bioengineered scaffolds into lesion-induced gaps of the spinal cord is a promising strategy for promoting functional tissue repair because it can be combined with other intervention strategies. Our previous investigations showed that functional improvement following the implantation of a longitudinally microstructured collagen scaffold into unilateral mid-cervical spinal cord resection injuries of adult Lewis rats was associated with only poor axon regeneration within the scaffold. In an attempt to improve graft-host integration as well as functional recovery, scaffolds were seeded with highly enriched populations of syngeneic, olfactory bulb-derived ensheathing cells (OECs) prior to implantation into the same lesion model. Regenerating neurofilament-positive axons closely followed the trajectory of the donor OECs, as well as that of the migrating host cells within the scaffold. However, there was only a trend for increased numbers of regenerating axons above that supported by non-seeded scaffolds or in the untreated lesions. Nonetheless, significant functional recovery in skilled forelimb motor function was observed following the implantation of both seeded and non-seeded scaffolds which could not be correlated to the extent of axon regeneration within the scaffold. Mechanisms other than simple bridging of axon regeneration across the lesion must be responsible for the improved motor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haktan Altinova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelic Hospital Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany.,2Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance-Translational Brain Medicine (JARA Brain), Jülich, Germany.,4Department of Neurosurgery, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven Möllers
- 5Charité Stem Cell Facility, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronald Deumens
- 2Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance-Translational Brain Medicine (JARA Brain), Jülich, Germany.,6Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jose Gerardo-Nava
- 2Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance-Translational Brain Medicine (JARA Brain), Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Führmann
- 7Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ahmet Bozkurt
- 8Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Burn Centre, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,9Department of Plastic and Aesthetic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Center for Reconstructive Microsurgery and Peripheral Nerve Surgery (ZEMPEN), Agaplesion Markus Hospital Frankfurt, Academic Hospital of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Hans Joachim Hoff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelic Hospital Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Weis
- 2Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance-Translational Brain Medicine (JARA Brain), Jülich, Germany
| | - Gary Anthony Brook
- 2Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance-Translational Brain Medicine (JARA Brain), Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Palejwala AH, Fridley JS, Mata JA, Samuel ELG, Luerssen TG, Perlaky L, Kent TA, Tour JM, Jea A. Biocompatibility of reduced graphene oxide nanoscaffolds following acute spinal cord injury in rats. Surg Neurol Int 2016; 7:75. [PMID: 27625885 PMCID: PMC5009578 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.188905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Graphene has unique electrical, physical, and chemical properties that may have great potential as a bioscaffold for neuronal regeneration after spinal cord injury. These nanoscaffolds have previously been shown to be biocompatible in vitro; in the present study, we wished to evaluate its biocompatibility in an in vivo spinal cord injury model. Methods: Graphene nanoscaffolds were prepared by the mild chemical reduction of graphene oxide. Twenty Wistar rats (19 male and 1 female) underwent hemispinal cord transection at approximately the T2 level. To bridge the lesion, graphene nanoscaffolds with a hydrogel were implanted immediately after spinal cord transection. Control animals were treated with hydrogel matrix alone. Histologic evaluation was performed 3 months after the spinal cord transection to assess in vivo biocompatibility of graphene and to measure the ingrowth of tissue elements adjacent to the graphene nanoscaffold. Results: The graphene nanoscaffolds adhered well to the spinal cord tissue. There was no area of pseudocyst around the scaffolds suggestive of cytotoxicity. Instead, histological evaluation showed an ingrowth of connective tissue elements, blood vessels, neurofilaments, and Schwann cells around the graphene nanoscaffolds. Conclusions: Graphene is a nanomaterial that is biocompatible with neurons and may have significant biomedical application. It may provide a scaffold for the ingrowth of regenerating axons after spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Palejwala
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jared S Fridley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Javier A Mata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Thomas G Luerssen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Laszlo Perlaky
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Research and Tissue Support Services Core Laboratory, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Services, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas A Kent
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew Jea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Snider S, Cavalli A, Colombo F, Gallotti AL, Quattrini A, Salvatore L, Madaghiele M, Terreni MR, Sannino A, Mortini P. A novel composite type I collagen scaffold with micropatterned porosity regulates the entrance of phagocytes in a severe model of spinal cord injury. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:1040-1053. [PMID: 26958814 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a damage to the spinal cord that results in loss or impaired motor and/or sensory function. SCI is a sudden and unexpected event characterized by high morbidity and mortality rate during both acute and chronic stages, and it can be devastating in human, social and economical terms. Despite significant progresses in the clinical management of SCI, there remain no effective treatments to improve neurological outcomes. Among experimental strategies, bioengineered scaffolds have the potential to support and guide injured axons contributing to neural repair. The major aim of this study was to investigate a novel composite type I collagen scaffold with micropatterned porosity in a rodent model of severe spinal cord injury. After segment resection of the thoracic spinal cord we implanted the scaffold in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Controls were injured without receiving implantation. Behavioral analysis of the locomotor performance was monitored up to 55 days postinjury. Two months after injury histopathological analysis were performed to evaluate the extent of scar and demyelination, the presence of connective tissue and axonal regrowth through the scaffold and to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration at the injured site. We provided evidence that the new collagen scaffold was well integrated with the host tissue, slightly ameliorated locomotor function, and limited the robust recruitment of the inflammatory cells at the injury site during both the acute and chronic stage in spinal cord injured rats. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1040-1053, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Snider
- Division of Neurosurgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Division of Neurosurgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Division of Neurosurgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Luigi Gallotti
- Division of Neurosurgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Division of Neuroscience and INSPE, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Salvatore
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Madaghiele
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Terreni
- Division of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sannino
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Pietro Mortini
- Division of Neurosurgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
López-Dolado E, González-Mayorga A, Portolés MT, Feito MJ, Ferrer ML, del Monte F, Gutiérrez MC, Serrano MC. Subacute Tissue Response to 3D Graphene Oxide Scaffolds Implanted in the Injured Rat Spinal Cord. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1861-8. [PMID: 26115359 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence and high sanitary costs of lesions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) at the spinal cord are encouraging experts in different fields to explore new avenues for neural repair. In this context, graphene and its derivatives are attracting significant attention, although their toxicity and performance in the CNS in vivo remains unclear. Here, the subacute tissue response to 3D flexible and porous scaffolds composed of partially reduced graphene oxide is investigated when implanted in the injured rat spinal cord. The interest of these structures as potentially useful platforms for CNS regeneration mainly relies on their mechanical compliance with neural tissues, adequate biocompatibility with neural cells in vitro and versatility to carry topographical and biological guidance cues. Early tissue responses are thoroughly investigated locally (spinal cord at C6 level) and in the major organs (i.e., kidney, liver, lung, and spleen). The absence of local and systemic toxic responses, along with the positive signs found at the lesion site (e.g., filler effect, soft interface for no additional scaring, preservation of cell populations at the perilesional area, presence of M2 macrophages), encourages further investigation of these materials as promising components of more efficient material-based platforms for CNS repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa López-Dolado
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM); Finca de La Peraleda s/n 45071 Toledo Spain
| | | | - María Teresa Portolés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - María José Feito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - María Luisa Ferrer
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Francisco del Monte
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - María Concepción Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|