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Constantinou C, Meliou K, Skouras A, Siafaka P, Christodoulou P. Liposomes against Alzheimer's Disease: Current Research and Future Prospects. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1519. [PMID: 39062092 PMCID: PMC11275096 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the most common neurodegenerative disease, affects more than 60 million people worldwide, a number that is estimated to double by 2050. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive memory loss, the impairment of behavior, and mood changes, as well as the disturbed daily routine of the patient. Although there are some active molecules that can be beneficial by halting the progression of the disease, the blood-brain barrier and other physiological barriers hinder their delivery and, consequently, the appropriate management of the disease. Therefore, drug delivery systems that effectively target and overcome the blood-brain barrier to reach the targeted brain area would improve treatment effectiveness. Liposomes are lipophilic carriers that consist of a phospholipid bilayer structure, simulating the physiological lipidic layer of the blood-brain barrier and enabling better delivery of the drug to the brain. Given that pure liposomes may have less targeting affinity than functionalized liposomes, modification with groups such as lactoferrin, poly(ethylene glycol), and transferrin may improve specificity. In this mini-review, we summarize the literature on the use of liposomes for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, focusing on the functionalization moieties of liposomes. In addition, challenges in brain delivery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Constantinou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Pharmacy Program, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus; (C.C.); (K.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Katerina Meliou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Pharmacy Program, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus; (C.C.); (K.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Athanasios Skouras
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - Panoraia Siafaka
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Pharmacy Program, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus; (C.C.); (K.M.); (P.S.)
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Campana M, Yakimov V, Moussiopoulou J, Maurus I, Löhrs L, Raabe F, Jäger I, Mortazavi M, Benros ME, Jeppesen R, Meyer Zu Hörste G, Heming M, Giné-Servén E, Labad J, Boix E, Lennox B, Yeeles K, Steiner J, Meyer-Lotz G, Dobrowolny H, Malchow B, Hansen N, Falkai P, Siafis S, Leucht S, Halstead S, Warren N, Siskind D, Strube W, Hasan A, Wagner E. Association of symptom severity and cerebrospinal fluid alterations in recent onset psychosis in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders - An individual patient data meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:353-362. [PMID: 38608742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) disruption could be key elements in schizophrenia-spectrum disorderś(SSDs) etiology and symptom modulation. We present the largest two-stage individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis, investigating the association of BCB disruption and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alterations with symptom severity in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and recent onset psychotic disorder (ROP) individuals, with a focus on sex-related differences. Data was collected from PubMed and EMBASE databases. FEP, ROP and high-risk syndromes for psychosis IPD were included if routine basic CSF-diagnostics were reported. Risk of bias of the included studies was evaluated. Random-effects meta-analyses and mixed-effects linear regression models were employed to assess the impact of BCB alterations on symptom severity. Published (6 studies) and unpublished IPD from n = 531 individuals was included in the analyses. CSF was altered in 38.8 % of individuals. No significant differences in symptom severity were found between individuals with and without CSF alterations (SMD = -0.17, 95 %CI -0.55-0.22, p = 0.341). However, males with elevated CSF/serum albumin ratios or any CSF alteration had significantly higher positive symptom scores than those without alterations (SMD = 0.34, 95 %CI 0.05-0.64, p = 0.037 and SMD = 0.29, 95 %CI 0.17-0.41p = 0.005, respectively). Mixed-effects and simple regression models showed no association (p > 0.1) between CSF parameters and symptomatic outcomes. No interaction between sex and CSF parameters was found (p > 0.1). BCB disruption appears highly prevalent in early psychosis and could be involved in positive symptomś severity in males, indicating potential difficult-to-treat states. This work highlights the need for considering BCB breakdownand sex-related differences in SSDs clinical trials and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Campana
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nussbaumstraße 7, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Vladislav Yakimov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nussbaumstraße 7, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Joanna Moussiopoulou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nussbaumstraße 7, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Maurus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nussbaumstraße 7, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Löhrs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nussbaumstraße 7, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Raabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nussbaumstraße 7, D-80336 Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Iris Jäger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nussbaumstraße 7, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Matin Mortazavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, BKH Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael E Benros
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Biological and Precision Psychiatry. Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rose Jeppesen
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Biological and Precision Psychiatry. Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerd Meyer Zu Hörste
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Heming
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eloi Giné-Servén
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Labad
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Spain; Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Institut de Innovació i Investigació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital de Mataró, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Spain
| | - Belinda Lennox
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Ksenija Yeeles
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Magdeburg University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry, Magdeburg University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Berend Malchow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nussbaumstraße 7, D-80336 Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site München/Augsburg, Germany
| | - Spyridon Siafis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Leucht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sean Halstead
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicola Warren
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dan Siskind
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Strube
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, BKH Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, BKH Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site München/Augsburg, Germany
| | - Elias Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Nussbaumstraße 7, D-80336 Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, BKH Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Evidence-based Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Ritson M, Wheeler-Jones CPD, Stolp HB. Endothelial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease: Is endothelial inflammation an overlooked druggable target? J Neuroimmunol 2024; 391:578363. [PMID: 38728929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurological diseases with a neurodegenerative component have been associated with alterations in the cerebrovasculature. At the anatomical level, these are centred around changes in cerebral blood flow and vessel organisation. At the molecular level, there is extensive expression of cellular adhesion molecules and increased release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Together, these has been found to negatively impact blood-brain barrier integrity. Systemic inflammation has been found to accelerate and exacerbate endothelial dysfunction, neuroinflammation and degeneration. Here, we review the role of cerebrovasculature dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease and discuss the potential contribution of intermittent pro-inflammatory systemic disease in causing endothelial pathology, highlighting a possible mechanism that may allow broad-spectrum therapeutic targeting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Ritson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | | | - Helen B Stolp
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK.
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Okamura T, Kikuchi T, Ogawa M, Zhang MR. Improved synthesis of 6-bromo-7-[ 11C]methylpurine for clinical use. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:10. [PMID: 38334858 PMCID: PMC10857989 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), an energy-dependent efflux pump, is expressed widely in various tissues and contributes to many physiological and pathophysiological processes. 6-Bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine ([11C]7m6BP) is expected to be useful for the assessment of MRP1 activity in the human brain and lungs. However, the radiochemical yield (RCY) in the synthesis of [11C]7m6BP was low, limiting its clinical application, because the methylation of the precursor with [11C]CH3I provided primarily the undesired isomer, 6-bromo-9-[11C]methylpurine ([11C]9m6BP). To increase the RCY of [11C]7m6BP, we investigated conditions for improving the [11C]7m6BP/[11C]9m6BP selectivity of the methylation reaction. RESULTS [11C]7m6BP was manually synthesized via the methylation of 6-bromopurine with [11C]CH3I in various solvents and at different temperatures in the presence of potassium carbonate for 5 min. Several less polar solvents, including tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF), and ethyl acetate (AcOEt) improved the [11C]7m6BP/[11C]9m6BP selectivity from 1:1 to 2:1, compared with the conventionally used solvents for the alkylation of 6-halopurines, acetone, acetonitrile, and N,N-dimethylformamide. However, a higher temperature (140 °C or 180 °C) was needed to progress the 11C-methylation in the less polar solvents, and the manual conditions could not be directly translated to an automated synthesis. [11C]Methyl triflate ([11C]CH3OTf) was thus used as a methylating agent to increase the conversion at a lower temperature. The 11C-methylation using [11C]CH3OTf at 100 °C proceeded efficiently in THF, 2-MeTHF, and AcOEt with maintenance of the improved selectivity. Starting from 28 to 34 GBq [11C]CO2, [11C]7m6BP was produced with 2.3-2.6 GBq for THF, 2.7-3.3 GBq for AcOEt, and 2.8-3.9 GBq for 2-MeTHF at approximately 30 min after the end of bombardment (n = 3 per solvent). The isolated RCYs (decay corrected) for THF, 2-MeTHF, and AcOEt were 24-28%, 29-35%, and 22-31% (n = 3), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The use of THF, 2-MeTHF, and AcOEt improved the [11C]7m6BP/[11C]9m6BP selectivity in the methylation reaction, and the improved method provided [11C]7m6BP with sufficient radioactivity for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Okamura
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kikuchi
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masanao Ogawa
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd., 7-1-1 Nishigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0031, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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Chaves JCS, Dando SJ, White AR, Oikari LE. Blood-brain barrier transporters: An overview of function, dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and strategies for treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166967. [PMID: 38008230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) has a major function in maintaining brain homeostasis by regulating the entry of molecules from the blood to the brain. Key players in BBB function are BBB transporters which are highly expressed in brain endothelial cells (BECs) and critical in mediating the exchange of nutrients and waste products. BBB transporters can also influence drug delivery into the brain by inhibiting or facilitating the entry of brain targeting therapeutics for the treatment of brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have shown that AD is associated with a disrupted BBB and transporter dysfunction, although their roles in the development in AD are not fully understand. Modulation of BBB transporter activity may pose a novel approach to enhance the delivery of drugs to the brain for enhanced treatment of AD. In this review, we will give an overview of key functions of BBB transporters and known changes in AD. In addition, we will discuss current strategies for transporter modulation for enhanced drug delivery into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C S Chaves
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Samantha J Dando
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony R White
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lotta E Oikari
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Liang C, Huang C, Nong Z, Li S, Lin M, Qin Z. Correlation between ABCB1 and OLIG2 polymorphisms and the severity and prognosis of patients with cerebral infarction. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20230841. [PMID: 38221931 PMCID: PMC10787307 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1) and OLIG2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and neurological injury severity and outcome in cerebral infarction (CI). The neurological injury severity of 298 CI patients was evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. The prognosis of CI patients at 30 days after admission was evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale. And 322 healthy people were selected as the control group. The SNPs of the ABCB1 gene (rs1045642) and OLIG2 gene (rs1059004 and rs9653711) were detected by TaqMan probe PCR, and the distribution of SNPs genotype was analyzed. SNP rs9653711 was correlated with CI. Recessive models of rs1045642 and rs9653711 were correlated with CI. The genotypes of rs1045642 and rs9653711 and genetic models were associated with CI severity. rs1045642 had no correlation with CI prognosis, while rs9653711 had less correlation. The genotype distribution and recessive model were associated with CI prognosis. SNP rs1059004 was not associated with CI severity and prognosis. Alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and high levels of homocysteine (HCY) were independent risk factors for CI, while hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and HCY were associated with poor prognosis of CI. ABCB1 rs1045642 and OLOG2 rs9653711 are associated with CI severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChaoYing Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 535099, China
| | - CuiYan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 535099, China
| | - ZhenRu Nong
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 535099, China
| | - SongLiang Li
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 535099, China
| | - MinShi Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 535099, China
| | - ZuYe Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 535099, China
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Pinkiewicz M, Pinkiewicz M, Walecki J, Zaczyński A, Zawadzki M. Breaking Barriers in Neuro-Oncology: A Scoping Literature Review on Invasive and Non-Invasive Techniques for Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:236. [PMID: 38201663 PMCID: PMC10778052 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a significant challenge to drug delivery for brain tumors, with most chemotherapeutics having limited permeability into non-malignant brain tissue and only restricted access to primary and metastatic brain cancers. Consequently, due to the drug's inability to effectively penetrate the BBB, outcomes following brain chemotherapy continue to be suboptimal. Several methods to open the BBB and obtain higher drug concentrations in tumors have been proposed, with the selection of the optimal method depending on the size of the targeted tumor volume, the chosen therapeutic agent, and individual patient characteristics. Herein, we aim to comprehensively describe osmotic disruption with intra-arterial drug administration, intrathecal/intraventricular administration, laser interstitial thermal therapy, convection-enhanced delivery, and ultrasound methods, including high-intensity focused and low-intensity ultrasound as well as tumor-treating fields. We explain the scientific concept behind each method, preclinical/clinical research, advantages and disadvantages, indications, and potential avenues for improvement. Given that each method has its limitations, it is unlikely that the future of BBB disruption will rely on a single method but rather on a synergistic effect of a combined approach. Disruption of the BBB with osmotic infusion or high-intensity focused ultrasound, followed by the intra-arterial delivery of drugs, is a promising approach. Real-time monitoring of drug delivery will be necessary for optimal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Pinkiewicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Pinkiewicz
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Mazowiecki Regional Hospital in Siedlce, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Jerzy Walecki
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, The National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Zaczyński
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Zawadzki
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, The National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Radiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Chaves JCS, Wasielewska JM, Cuní-López C, Rantanen LM, Lee S, Koistinaho J, White AR, Oikari LE. Alzheimer's disease brain endothelial-like cells reveal differential drug transporter expression and modulation by potentially therapeutic focused ultrasound. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00299. [PMID: 38241156 PMCID: PMC10903103 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has a key function in maintaining homeostasis in the brain, partly modulated by transporters, which are highly expressed in brain endothelial cells (BECs). Transporters mediate the uptake or efflux of compounds to and from the brain and they can also challenge the delivery of drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently there is a limited understanding of changes in BBB transporters in AD. To investigate this, we generated brain endothelial-like cells (iBECs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with familial AD (FAD) Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mutation and identified AD-specific differences in transporter expression compared to control (ctrl) iBECs. We first characterized the expression levels of 12 BBB transporters in AD-, Ctrl-, and isogenic (PSEN1 corrected) iBECs to identify any AD specific differences. We then exposed the cells to focused ultrasound (FUS) in the absence (FUSonly) or presence of microbubbles (MB) (FUS+MB), which is a novel therapeutic method that can be used to transiently open the BBB to increase drug delivery into the brain, however its effects on BBB transporter expression are largely unknown. Following FUSonly and FUS+MB, we investigated whether the expression or activity of key transporters could be modulated. Our findings demonstrate that PSEN1 mutant FAD (PSEN1AD) possess phenotypical differences compared to control iBECs in BBB transporter expression and function. Additionally, we show that FUSonly and FUS+MB can modulate BBB transporter expression and functional activity in iBECs, having potential implications on drug penetration and amyloid clearance. These findings highlight the differential responses of patient cells to FUS treatment, with patient-derived models likely providing an important tool for modelling therapeutic effects of FUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C S Chaves
- Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joanna M Wasielewska
- Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carla Cuní-López
- Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura M Rantanen
- Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Serine Lee
- Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neuroscience Center, Kuopio, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anthony R White
- Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lotta E Oikari
- Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Silva S, Fonseca C, Bicker J, Falcão A, Fortuna A. Intranasal administration of sertraline ensures sustained brain delivery and antidepressant effect in a mouse model of depression. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 194:118-130. [PMID: 38092320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of more potent and efficacious antidepressant therapies is of utmost significance. Herein, the intranasal (IN) route was investigated for sertraline brain delivery, encompassing a comparative pharmacokinetic study after a single-dose administration to mice by IN, intravenous (IV) (4.87 mg/kg) and oral (10 mg/kg) routes, and an efficacy/toxicity study to explore the therapeutic effect in mice subjected to the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) protocol. Neurotransmitters and melatonin were quantified in prefrontal cortex and plasma, respectively. A different drug biodistribution behavior was unveiled for a CNS-acting drug administered by means of the IN route. For the first time, IN administration of sertraline exhibited heightened systemic exposure (bioavailability = 166 %), and a sustained drug release into the brain, in opposition to IV and oral routes, avoiding drug fluctuation. The lower lung exposition (given by normalized area under the curve) observed after IN instillation envisions the reduction of sertraline pulmonary side effects and similarly other peripheral side effects. IN sertraline treatment displayed significant efficacy in ameliorating anhedonia after one week of administration while the 14-day IN treatment regimen translated into decreased immobility time and increased swimming time in the forced swimming test, suggesting an improvement of the depressive-like behavior displayed by the animal depressive-model. Remarkably, these effects were absent with oral sertraline, despite the higher used dose. Noteworthy neurotransmitter alterations were observed, with IN sertraline markedly reducing adrenaline in the prefrontal cortex, while serotonin and melatonin increased following both administration routes. With its sustained brain delivery and serotonin- and melatonin-enhancing potential, the innovative strategy of IN sertraline holds the potential not only to effectively address depressive symptoms but also to mitigate challenges inherent to classic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Fonseca
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Bicker
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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10
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Ho YS, Torres-Vergara P, Penny J. Regulation of the ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCB1, ABCG2 and ABCC5 by nuclear receptors in porcine blood-brain barrier endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:3092-3109. [PMID: 37476954 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Blood-brain barrier (BBB) ABCB1, ABCG2 and ABCC5 transporters influence central therapeutic drug distribution. Transporter expression is regulated by the NR3C1, NR1I3 and NR1I2 nuclear receptors, but their precise roles in brain are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of selective ligand-based activation of NR3C1, NR1I3, NR1I2 and NR2B1 in porcine brain endothelial cells (PBECs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Primary cultures of PBECs were exposed to NR3C1, NR1I3 and NR1I2 ligands and ABCB1, ABCG2 and ABCC5 transporter activities determined by measuring intracellular accumulation of fluorescent probes. Western blotting was used to determine the effects of receptor ligands on expression of ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC5, NR1I2, NR1I3, NR3C1 and NR2B1. Fluorescent immunocytochemistry was employed to assess the effects of receptor ligands on the cellular localisation of NR1I2 and NR1I3. KEY RESULTS The NR1I2 agonist rifampicin significantly up-regulated ABCG2 activity, which is counteracted by co-treatment with NR1I2 antagonist l-sulforaphane. The NR1I3 agonist 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde and inverse agonist meclizine significantly down-regulated ABCB1, ABCG2 and ABCC5 activity. NR3C1 agonist dexamethasone significantly increased ABCB1, ABCG2 and ABCC5 activity and ABCG2 and ABCC5 protein expression, which was counteracted by co-treatment with the NR3C1 antagonist mifepristone. This first study demonstrates that NR1I3 and NR3C1 regulate ABCC5 activity and protein expression in BBB endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In PBECs, expression of key ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and nuclear receptors is differentially regulated by NR1I3, NR1I2, NR3C1 and NR2B1. This will help to better understand the response of the BBB to physiological and pharmacological activation of nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Siong Ho
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pablo Torres-Vergara
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jeffrey Penny
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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11
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Sharma S, Chepurna O, Sun T. Drug resistance in glioblastoma: from chemo- to immunotherapy. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:688-708. [PMID: 38239396 PMCID: PMC10792484 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
As the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor in adults, glioblastoma is estimated to end over 10,000 lives each year in the United States alone. Stand treatment for glioblastoma, including surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy (i.e., Temozolomide), has been largely unchanged since early 2000. Cancer immunotherapy has significantly shifted the paradigm of cancer management in the past decade with various degrees of success in treating many hematopoietic cancers and some solid tumors, such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, little progress has been made in the field of neuro-oncology, especially in the application of immunotherapy to glioblastoma treatment. In this review, we attempted to summarize the common drug resistance mechanisms in glioblastoma from Temozolomide to immunotherapy. Our intent is not to repeat the well-known difficulty in the area of neuro-oncology, such as the blood-brain barrier, but to provide some fresh insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance by summarizing some of the most recent literature. Through this review, we also hope to share some new ideas for improving the immunotherapy outcome of glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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12
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Tsukahara T, Sasaki M, Haniu H, Matsuda Y. Lysophospholipids transport across blood-brain barrier in an in vitro reconstruction model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 676:91-96. [PMID: 37499369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study builds on our previous study, which highlighted the need for further research on the potential use of lysophospholipid (LPL) supplementation to prevent chronic and age-related diseases. We aimed to evaluate the transmembrane transport of LPL across rat and monkey blood-brain barrier (BBB) models. An in vitro monkey BBB model is required to elucidate the differences between rat and primate BBB-related data and to measure the permeability of LPLs being researched in relation to the human BBB. Based on our previous experiment, porcine liver decomposition product-derived phospholipids (PEL) strongly inhibit α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation. We have identified several candidates potentially relevant for the inhibition of α-Syn aggregation, such as LPC18:1, LPE18:1, and LPI18:0; however, the BBB permeability of these LPLs remains unclear. In the present study, we assessed the ability of these LPLs to pass through the in vitro rat and monkey BBB models. LPC18:1 showed high BBB permeability, LPI18:0 showed medium permeability, and the BBB permeation of LPE18:1 was negligible. Our results suggest that LPC18:1 and LPI18:0 are functional food factors that can cross the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Masanori Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, 362-0806, Japan
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13
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Nitta H, Takizawa H, Mitsumori T, Iizuka-Honma H, Araki Y, Fujishiro M, Tomita S, Kishikawa S, Hashizume A, Sawada T, Okubo M, Sekiguchi Y, Ando M, Noguchi M. Possible New Histological Prognostic Index for Large B-Cell Lymphoma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6324. [PMID: 37834968 PMCID: PMC10573887 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a retrospective analysis of GRP94 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, an ER stress protein, on large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) cells, intracellular p53, and 15 factors involved in the metabolism of the CHOP regimen: AKR1C3 (HO metabolism), CYP3A4 (CHOP metabolism), and HO efflux pumps (MDR1 and MRP1). The study subjects were 42 patients with LBCL at our hospital. The IHC staining used antibodies against the 17 factors. The odds ratios by logistic regression analysis used a dichotomous variable of CR and non-CR/relapse were statistically significant for MDR1, MRP1, and AKR1C3. The overall survival (OS) after R-CHOP was compared by the log-rank test. The four groups showed that Very good (5-year OS, 100%) consisted of four patients who showed negative IHC staining for both GRP94 and CYP3A4. Very poor (1-year OS, 0%) consisted of three patients who showed positive results in IHC for both GRP94 and CYP3A4. The remaining 35 patients comprised two subgroups: Good (5-year OS 60-80%): 15 patients who showed negative staining for both MDR1 and AKR1C3 and Poor (5-year OS, 10-20%): 20 patients who showed positive staining for either MDR, AKR1C3, MRP1, or p53. The Histological Prognostic Index (HPI) (the four groups: Very poor, Poor, Good, and Very good) is a breakthrough method for stratifying patients based on the factors involved in the development of treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nitta
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi 279-0021, Japan; (H.N.); (H.T.); (T.M.); (H.I.-H.)
| | - Haruko Takizawa
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi 279-0021, Japan; (H.N.); (H.T.); (T.M.); (H.I.-H.)
| | - Toru Mitsumori
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi 279-0021, Japan; (H.N.); (H.T.); (T.M.); (H.I.-H.)
| | - Hiroko Iizuka-Honma
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi 279-0021, Japan; (H.N.); (H.T.); (T.M.); (H.I.-H.)
| | - Yoshihiko Araki
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
| | - Maki Fujishiro
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba 279-0021, Japan;
| | - Shigeki Tomita
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (S.T.); (S.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Satsuki Kishikawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (S.T.); (S.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Akane Hashizume
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (S.T.); (S.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Tomohiro Sawada
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba 279-0021, Japan;
| | - Mitsuo Okubo
- Laboratory of Blood Transfusion, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba 279-0021, Japan;
| | | | - Miki Ando
- Division of Hematology, Juntendo University Juntendo Hospital, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Masaaki Noguchi
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi 279-0021, Japan; (H.N.); (H.T.); (T.M.); (H.I.-H.)
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14
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Schulz JA, Hartz AMS, Bauer B. ABCB1 and ABCG2 Regulation at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Potential New Targets to Improve Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:815-853. [PMID: 36973040 PMCID: PMC10441638 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug efflux transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier limit the delivery of drugs into the brain. Strategies to overcome ABCB1/ABCG2 have been largely unsuccessful, which poses a tremendous clinical problem to successfully treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Understanding basic transporter biology, including intracellular regulation mechanisms that control these transporters, is critical to solving this clinical problem.In this comprehensive review, we summarize current knowledge on signaling pathways that regulate ABCB1/ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier. In Section I, we give a historical overview on blood-brain barrier research and introduce the role that ABCB1 and ABCG2 play in this context. In Section II, we summarize the most important strategies that have been tested to overcome the ABCB1/ABCG2 efflux system at the blood-brain barrier. In Section III, the main component of this review, we provide detailed information on the signaling pathways that have been identified to control ABCB1/ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier and their potential clinical relevance. This is followed by Section IV, where we explain the clinical implications of ABCB1/ABCG2 regulation in the context of CNS disease. Lastly, in Section V, we conclude by highlighting examples of how transporter regulation could be targeted for therapeutic purposes in the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The ABCB1/ABCG2 drug efflux system at the blood-brain barrier poses a significant problem to successful drug delivery to the brain. The article reviews signaling pathways that regulate blood-brain barrier ABCB1/ABCG2 and could potentially be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Schulz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Anika M S Hartz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Björn Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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15
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Bai Y, Mi W, Meng X, Dong B, Jiang Y, Lu Y, Yu Y. Hydrogen alleviated cognitive impairment and blood‒brain barrier damage in sepsis-associated encephalopathy by regulating ABC efflux transporters in a PPARα-dependent manner. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:37. [PMID: 37474902 PMCID: PMC10360271 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) can protect against blood‒brain barrier (BBB) damage in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), but the mechanism is still unclear. We examined whether it is related to PPARα and its regulatory targets, ABC efflux transporters. After injection with DMSO/GW6471 (a PPARα inhibitor), the mice subjected to sham/caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery were treated with H2 for 60 min postoperation. Additionally, bEnd.3 cells were grown in DMSO/GW6471-containing or saline medium with LPS. In addition to the survival rates, cognitive function was assessed using the Y-maze and fear conditioning tests. Brain tissues were stained with TUNEL and Nissl staining. Additionally, inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB1, and IL-1β) were evaluated with ELISA, and PPARα, ZO-1, occludin, VE-cadherin, P-gp, BCRP and MRP2 were detected using Western blotting. BBB destruction was assessed by brain water content and Evans blue (EB) extravasation. Finally, we found that H2 improved survival rates and brain dysfunction and decreased inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, H2 decreased water content in the brain and EB extravasation and increased ZO-1, occludin, VE-cadherin and ABC efflux transporters regulated by PPARα. Thus, we concluded that H2 decreases BBB permeability to protect against brain dysfunction in sepsis; this effect is mediated by PPARα and its regulation of ABC efflux transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Wen Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 301800, China
| | - Xiaoyin Meng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Beibei Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Yuechun Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China.
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16
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Chavarria D, Abbaspour A, Celestino N, Shah N, Sankar S, Baker AB. A high throughput blood-brain barrier model incorporating shear stress with improved predictive power for drug discovery. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:044105. [PMID: 37614679 PMCID: PMC10444201 DOI: 10.1063/5.0150887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is a key structure regulating the health of the brain and access of drugs and pathogens to neural tissue. Shear stress is a key regulator of the blood-brain barrier; however, the commonly used multi-well vitro models of the blood-brain barrier do not incorporate shear stress. In this work, we designed and validated a high-throughput system for simulating the blood-brain barrier that incorporates physiological flow and incorporates an optimized cellular model of the blood-brain barrier. This system can perform assays of blood-brain barrier function with shear stress, with 48 independent assays simultaneously. Using the high throughput assay, we conducted drug screening assays to explore the effects of compounds for opening or closing blood-brain barrier. Our studies revealed that assays with shear stress were more predictive and were able to identify compounds known to modify the blood-brain barrier function while static assays were not. Overall, we demonstrate an optimized, high throughput assay for simulating the blood-brain barrier that incorporates shear stress and is practical for use in drug screening and other high throughput studies of toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chavarria
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Ali Abbaspour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Natalie Celestino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Nehali Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - Aaron B. Baker
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.:+512-232-7114
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17
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Fonseca-Barriendos D, Castañeda-Cabral JL, Martínez-Cuevas F, Besio W, Valdés-Cruz A, Rocha L. Transcranial Focal Electric Stimulation Avoids P-Glycoprotein Over-Expression during Electrical Amygdala Kindling and Delays Epileptogenesis in Rats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1294. [PMID: 37374077 DOI: 10.3390/life13061294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression mediates hyperexcitability and is associated with epileptogenesis. Transcranial focal electrical stimulation (TFS) delays epileptogenesis and inhibits P-gp overexpression after a generalized seizure. Here, first we measured P-gp expression during epileptogenesis and second, we assessed if TFS antiepileptogenic effect was related with P-gp overexpression avoidance. Male Wistar rats were implanted in right basolateral amygdala and stimulated daily for electrical amygdala kindling (EAK), P-gp expression was assessed during epileptogenesis in relevant brain areas. Stage I group showed 85% increase in P-gp in ipsilateral hippocampus (p < 0.001). Stage III group presented 58% and 57% increase in P-gp in both hippocampi (p < 0.05). Kindled group had 92% and 90% increase in P-gp in both hippocampi (p < 0.01), and 93% and 143% increase in both neocortices (p < 0.01). For the second experiment, TFS was administrated daily after each EAK stimulation for 20 days and P-gp concentration was assessed. No changes were found in the TFS group (p > 0.05). Kindled group showed 132% and 138% increase in P-gp in both hippocampi (p < 0.001) and 51% and 92% increase in both cortices (p < 0.001). Kindled + TFS group presented no changes (p > 0.05). Our experiments revealed that progression of EAK is associated with increased P-gp expression. These changes are structure-specific and dependent on seizure severity. EAK-induced P-gp overexpression would be associated with neuronal hyperexcitability and thus, epileptogenesis. P-gp could be a novel therapeutical target to avoid epileptogenesis. In accordance with this, TFS inhibited P-gp overexpression and interfered with EAK. An important limitation of the present study is that P-gp neuronal expression was not evaluated under the different experimental conditions. Future studies should be carried out to determine P-gp neuronal overexpression in hyperexcitable networks during epileptogenesis. The TFS-induced lessening of P-gp overexpression could be a novel therapeutical strategy to avoid epileptogenesis in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fonseca-Barriendos
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México C.P. 14330, Mexico
| | - José Luis Castañeda-Cabral
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitrio de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuaias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan C.P. 44600, Mexico
| | - Frida Martínez-Cuevas
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México C.P. 14330, Mexico
| | - Walter Besio
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 028881, USA
| | - Alejandro Valdés-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Ciudad de México C.P. 14370, Mexico
| | - Luisa Rocha
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México C.P. 14330, Mexico
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18
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Zhang W, Liu QY, Haqqani AS, Liu Z, Sodja C, Leclerc S, Baumann E, Delaney CE, Brunette E, Stanimirovic DB. Differential Expression of ABC Transporter Genes in Brain Vessels vs. Peripheral Tissues and Vessels from Human, Mouse and Rat. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051563. [PMID: 37242805 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters comprise a superfamily of genes encoding membrane proteins with nucleotide-binding domains (NBD). These transporters, including drug efflux across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), carry a variety of substrates through plasma membranes against substrate gradients, fueled by hydrolyzing ATP. The expression patterns/enrichment of ABC transporter genes in brain microvessels compared to peripheral vessels and tissues are largely uncharacterized. METHODS In this study, the expression patterns of ABC transporter genes in brain microvessels, peripheral tissues (lung, liver and spleen) and lung vessels were investigated using RNA-seq and WesTM analyses in three species: human, mouse and rat. RESULTS The study demonstrated that ABC drug efflux transporter genes (including ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC4 and ABCC5) were highly expressed in isolated brain microvessels in all three species studied; the expression of ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC1, ABCC4 and ABCC5 was generally higher in rodent brain microvessels compared to those of humans. In contrast, ABCC2 and ABCC3 expression was low in brain microvessels, but high in rodent liver and lung vessels. Overall, most ABC transporters (with the exception of drug efflux transporters) were enriched in peripheral tissues compared to brain microvessels in humans, while in rodent species, additional ABC transporters were found to be enriched in brain microvessels. CONCLUSIONS This study furthers the understanding of species similarities and differences in the expression patterns of ABC transporter genes; this is important for translational studies in drug development. In particular, CNS drug delivery and toxicity may vary among species depending on their unique profiles of ABC transporter expression in brain microvessels and BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandong Zhang
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Qing Yan Liu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Arsalan S Haqqani
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Ziying Liu
- Scientific Data Mining/Digital Technology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Caroline Sodja
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Sonia Leclerc
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Ewa Baumann
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Christie E Delaney
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Eric Brunette
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Danica B Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
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19
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Nasyrova RF, Shnayder NA, Osipova SM, Khasanova AK, Efremov IS, Al-Zamil M, Petrova MM, Narodova EA, Garganeeva NP, Shipulin GA. Genetic Predictors of Antipsychotic Efflux Impairment via Blood-Brain Barrier: Role of Transport Proteins. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051085. [PMID: 37239445 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic (AP)-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a current problem of biological and clinical psychiatry. Despite the development of new generations of APs, the problem of AP-induced ADRs has not been solved and continues to be actively studied. One of the important mechanisms for the development of AP-induced ADRs is a genetically-determined impairment of AP efflux across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We present a narrative review of publications in databases (PubMed, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science E-Library) and online resources: The Human Protein Atlas; GeneCards: The Human Gene Database; US National Library of Medicine; SNPedia; OMIM Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man; The PharmGKB. The role of 15 transport proteins involved in the efflux of drugs and other xenobiotics across cell membranes (P-gp, TAP1, TAP2, MDR3, BSEP, MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, MRP5, MRP6, MRP7, MRP8, MRP9, BCRP) was analyzed. The important role of three transporter proteins (P-gp, BCRP, MRP1) in the efflux of APs through the BBB was shown, as well as the association of the functional activity and expression of these transport proteins with low-functional and non-functional single nucleotide variants (SNVs)/polymorphisms of the ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC1 genes, encoding these transport proteins, respectively, in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). The authors propose a new pharmacogenetic panel "Transporter protein (PT)-Antipsychotic (AP) Pharmacogenetic test (PGx)" (PTAP-PGx), which allows the evaluation of the cumulative contribution of the studied genetic biomarkers of the impairment of AP efflux through the BBB. The authors also propose a riskometer for PTAP-PGx and a decision-making algorithm for psychiatrists. Conclusions: Understanding the role of the transportation of impaired APs across the BBB and the use of genetic biomarkers for its disruption may make it possible to reduce the frequency and severity of AP-induced ADRs, since this risk can be partially modified by the personalized selection of APs and their dosing rates, taking into account the genetic predisposition of the patient with SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina F Nasyrova
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg 192019, Russia
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443016, Russia
| | - Natalia A Shnayder
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg 192019, Russia
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Sofia M Osipova
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg 192019, Russia
| | - Aiperi K Khasanova
- Department of Psychiatry, Russian Medical Academy for Continual Professional Education, Moscow 125993, Russia
| | - Ilya S Efremov
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russia
| | - Mustafa Al-Zamil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Marina M Petrova
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Narodova
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Natalia P Garganeeva
- Department of General Medical Practice and Outpatient Therapy, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - German A Shipulin
- Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks Management, Moscow 119121, Russia
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20
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Cresto N, Forner-Piquer I, Baig A, Chatterjee M, Perroy J, Goracci J, Marchi N. Pesticides at brain borders: Impact on the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and neurological risk trajectories. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138251. [PMID: 36878369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are omnipresent, and they pose significant environmental and health risks. Translational studies indicate that acute exposure to high pesticide levels is detrimental, and prolonged contact with low concentrations of pesticides, as single and cocktail, could represent a risk factor for multi-organ pathophysiology, including the brain. Within this research template, we focus on pesticides' impact on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neuroinflammation, physical and immunological borders for the homeostatic control of the central nervous system (CNS) neuronal networks. We examine the evidence supporting a link between pre- and postnatal pesticide exposure, neuroinflammatory responses, and time-depend vulnerability footprints in the brain. Because of the pathological influence of BBB damage and inflammation on neuronal transmission from early development, varying exposures to pesticides could represent a danger, perhaps accelerating adverse neurological trajectories during aging. Refining our understanding of how pesticides influence brain barriers and borders could enable the implementation of pesticide-specific regulatory measures directly relevant to environmental neuroethics, the exposome, and one-health frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemie Cresto
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabel Forner-Piquer
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
| | - Asma Baig
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Mousumi Chatterjee
- Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Perroy
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Nicola Marchi
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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21
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Selective protection of normal cells from chemotherapy, while killing drug-resistant cancer cells. Oncotarget 2023; 14:193-206. [PMID: 36913303 PMCID: PMC10010629 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is limited by toxicity in normal cells and drug-resistance in cancer cells. Paradoxically, cancer resistance to certain therapies can be exploited for protection of normal cells, simultaneously enabling the selective killing of resistant cancer cells by using antagonistic drug combinations, which include cytotoxic and protective drugs. Depending on the mechanisms of drug-resistance in cancer cells, the protection of normal cells can be achieved with inhibitors of CDK4/6, caspases, Mdm2, mTOR, and mitogenic kinases. When normal cells are protected, the selectivity and potency of multi-drug combinations can be further enhanced by adding synergistic drugs, in theory, eliminating the deadliest cancer clones with minimal side effects. I also discuss how the recent success of Trilaciclib may foster similar approaches into clinical practice, how to mitigate systemic side effects of chemotherapy in patients with brain tumors and how to ensure that protective drugs would only protect normal cells (not cancer cells) in a particular patient.
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22
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Wang Y, Wu J, Wang J, He L, Lai H, Zhang T, Wang X, Li W. Mitochondrial oxidative stress in brain microvascular endothelial cells: Triggering blood-brain barrier disruption. Mitochondrion 2023; 69:71-82. [PMID: 36709855 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier disruption plays an important role in central nervous system diseases. This review provides information on the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in brain microvascular endothelial cells in cellular dysfunction, the disruption of intercellular junctions, transporter dysfunction, abnormal angiogenesis, neurovascular decoupling, and the involvement and aggravation of vascular inflammation and illustrates related molecular mechanisms. In addition, recent drug and nondrug therapies targeting cerebral vascular endothelial cell mitochondria to repair the blood-brain barrier are discussed. This review shows that mitochondrial oxidative stress disorder in brain microvascular endothelial cells plays a key role in the occurrence and development of blood-brain barrier damage and may be critical in various pathological mechanisms of blood-brain barrier damage. These new findings suggest a potential new strategy for the treatment of central nervous system diseases through mitochondrial modulation of cerebral vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Jiexin Wang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Linxi He
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Han Lai
- School of Foreign Languages, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Weihong Li
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
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23
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Harris WJ, Asselin MC, Hinz R, Parkes LM, Allan S, Schiessl I, Boutin H, Dickie BR. In vivo methods for imaging blood-brain barrier function and dysfunction. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1051-1083. [PMID: 36437425 PMCID: PMC9931809 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the interface between the central nervous system and systemic circulation. It tightly regulates what enters and is removed from the brain parenchyma and is fundamental in maintaining brain homeostasis. Increasingly, the BBB is recognised as having a significant role in numerous neurological disorders, ranging from acute disorders (traumatic brain injury, stroke, seizures) to chronic neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, small vessel disease). Numerous approaches have been developed to study the BBB in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. The complex multicellular structure and effects of disease are difficult to recreate accurately in vitro, and functional aspects of the BBB cannot be easily studied ex vivo. As such, the value of in vivo methods to study the intact BBB cannot be overstated. This review discusses the structure and function of the BBB and how these are affected in diseases. It then discusses in depth several established and novel methods for imaging the BBB in vivo, with a focus on MRI, nuclear imaging, and high-resolution intravital fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William James Harris
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Marie-Claude Asselin
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rainer Hinz
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Michelle Parkes
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart Allan
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Ingo Schiessl
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Herve Boutin
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ben Robert Dickie
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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24
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Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms as Biomarkers of Antipsychotic-Induced Akathisia: Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030616. [PMID: 36980888 PMCID: PMC10048266 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic-induced akathisia (AIA) is a movement disorder characterized by a subjective feeling of inner restlessness or nervousness with an irresistible urge to move, resulting in repetitive movements of the limbs and torso, while taking antipsychotics (APs). In recent years, there have been some associative genetic studies of the predisposition to the development of AIA. Objective: The goal of our study was to review the results of associative genetic and genome-wide studies and to systematize and update the knowledge on the genetic predictors of AIA in patients with schizophrenia (Sch). Methods: We searched full-text publications in PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, Google Scholar, and e-Library databases from 1977 to 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) quality scale was used for the critical selection of the studies. Results: We identified 37 articles, of which 3 were included in the review. Thus, the C allele of rs1800498 (59414 C>T) and the A allele of rs1800497 (17316 G>A) (TaqIA) from the DRD2 gene as well as the TT genotype rs13212041 (77461407 C>T) from the HTR1B gene were found to be associated with AIA. Conclusions: Uncovering the genetic biomarkers of AIA may provide a key to developing a strategy for the personalized prevention and treatment of this adverse neurological drug reaction of APs in patients with Sch in real clinical practice.
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25
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Lye P, Bloise E, Matthews SG. Effects of bacterial and viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters in brain endothelial cells of the developing human blood-brain barrier. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:8. [PMID: 36721242 PMCID: PMC9887585 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters, P-glycoprotein (P-gp, encoded by ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) contribute to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), protecting the brain from drug exposure. The impact of infection on MDR in the developing human BBB remains to be determined. We hypothesized that exposure to bacterial and viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) modify MDR expression and activity in human fetal brain endothelial cells (hfBECs) isolated from early and mid-gestation brain microvessels. METHODS We modelled infection (4 h and 24 h) using the bacterial PAMP, lipopolysaccharide (LPS; a toll-like receptor [TLR]-4 ligand) or the viral PAMPs, polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C; TLR-3 ligand) and single-stranded RNA (ssRNA; TLR-7/8 ligand). mRNA expression was assessed by qPCR, whereas protein expression was assessed by Western blot or immunofluorescence. P-gp and BCRP activity was evaluated by Calcein-AM and Chlorin-6 assays. RESULTS TLRs-3,4 and 8 were expressed by the isolated hfBECs. Infection mimics induced specific pro-inflammatory responses as well as changes in P-gp/ABCB1 or BCRP/ABCG2 expression (P < 0.05). LPS and ssRNA significantly decreased P-gp activity at 4 and 24 h in early and mid-gestation (P < 0.03-P < 0.001), but significantly increased BCRP activity in hfBECs in a dose-dependent pattern (P < 0.05-P < 0.002). In contrast, Poly-IC significantly decreased P-gp activity after 4 h in early (P < 0.01) and mid gestation (P < 0.04), but not 24 h, and had no overall effect on BCRP activity, though BCRP activity was increased with the highest dose at 24 h in mid-gestation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Infectious PAMPs significantly modify the expression and function of MDR transporters in hfBECs, though effects are PAMP-, time- and dose-specific. In conclusion, bacterial and viral infections during pregnancy likely have profound effects on exposure of the fetal brain to physiological and pharmacological substrates of P-gp and BCRP, potentially leading to altered trajectories of fetal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phetcharawan Lye
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building Room 3207, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Enrrico Bloise
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, N3-292, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Stephen G Matthews
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building Room 3207, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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26
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Torres-Vergara P, Rivera R, Escudero C, Penny J. Maternal and Fetal Expression of ATP-Binding Cassette and Solute Carrier Transporters Involved in the Brain Disposition of Drugs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1428:149-177. [PMID: 37466773 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32554-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate that pregnancy is a physiological state capable of modifying drug disposition. Factors including increased hepatic metabolism and renal excretion are responsible for impacting disposition, and the role of membrane transporters expressed in biological barriers, including the placental- and blood-brain barriers, has received considerable attention. In this regard, the brain disposition of drugs in the mother and fetus has been the subject of studies attempting to characterize the mechanisms by which pregnancy could alter the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters. This chapter will summarize findings of the influence of pregnancy on the maternal and fetal expression of ABC and SLC transporters in the brain and the consequences of such changes on the disposition of therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Torres-Vergara
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
- Grupo de Investigación Vascular (GRIVAS), Universidad del Bio-Bio, Chillán, Chile.
| | - Robin Rivera
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Grupo de Investigación Vascular (GRIVAS), Universidad del Bio-Bio, Chillán, Chile
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vascular, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bio Bio, Chillán, Chile
| | - Jeffrey Penny
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Health and Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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27
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Mesentier-Louro LA, Suhy N, Broekaart D, Bula M, Pereira AC, Blanchard JW. Modeling the Blood-Brain Barrier Using Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2683:135-151. [PMID: 37300772 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3287-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a key physiological component of the brain, protecting the brain from peripheral processes and pathogens. The BBB is a dynamic structure that is heavily involved in cerebral blood flow, angiogenesis, and other neural functions. However, the BBB also creates a challenging barrier for the entry of therapeutics into the brain, blocking more than 98% of drugs from contact with the brain. Neurovascular comorbidities are common in several neurological diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease, suggesting that BBB dysfunction or break down likely has a causal role in neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms by which the human BBB is formed, maintained, and degenerated in diseases remain largely unknown due to limited access to human BBB tissue. To address these limitations, we have developed an in vitro induced human BBB (iBBB) derived from pluripotent stem cells. The iBBB model can be used for discovery of disease mechanisms, drug targets, drug screening, and medicinal chemistry studies to optimize brain penetration of central nervous system therapeutics. In this chapter, we will explain the steps to differentiate the three cellular components (endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes) from induced pluripotent stem cells, and how to assemble them into the iBBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Mesentier-Louro
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalie Suhy
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diede Broekaart
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Bula
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ana C Pereira
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel W Blanchard
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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28
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Aragón-González A, Shaw PJ, Ferraiuolo L. Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Its Involvement in Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315271. [PMID: 36499600 PMCID: PMC9737531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized and dynamic compartment which regulates the uptake of molecules and solutes from the blood. The relevance of the maintenance of a healthy BBB underpinning disease prevention as well as the main pathomechanisms affecting BBB function will be detailed in this review. Barrier disruption is a common aspect in both neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and neurodevelopmental diseases, including autism spectrum disorders. Throughout this review, conditions altering the BBB during the earliest and latest stages of life will be discussed, revealing common factors involved. Due to the barrier's role in protecting the brain from exogenous components and xenobiotics, drug delivery across the BBB is challenging. Potential therapies based on the BBB properties as molecular Trojan horses, among others, will be reviewed, as well as innovative treatments such as stem cell therapies. Additionally, due to the microbiome influence on the normal function of the brain, microflora modulation strategies will be discussed. Finally, future research directions are highlighted to address the current gaps in the literature, emphasizing the idea that common therapies for both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative pathologies exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aragón-González
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, SITraN, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, SITraN, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Laura Ferraiuolo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, SITraN, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)114-222-2257; Fax: +44-(0)114-222-2290
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29
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Liang R, Wu C, Liu S, Zhao W. Targeting interleukin-13 receptor α2 (IL-13Rα2) for glioblastoma therapy with surface functionalized nanocarriers. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1620-1630. [PMID: 35612318 PMCID: PMC9135425 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2075986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite surgical and therapeutic advances, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most fatal primary brain tumor that is aggressive in nature. Patients with GBM have a median lifespan of just 15 months when treated with the current standard of therapy, which includes surgical resection and concomitant chemo-radiotherapy. In recent years, nanotechnology has shown considerable promise in treating a variety of illnesses, and certain nanomaterials have been proven to pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and stay in glioblastoma tissues. Recent preclinical research suggests that the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumor is significantly explored through the intervention of nanomaterials that has showed enhanced effect. In order to elicit an antitumor response, it is necessary to retain the therapeutic candidates within glioblastoma tissues and this job is effectively carried out by nanocarrier particularly functionalized nanocarriers. In the arena of neoplastic diseases including GBM have achieved great attention in recent decades. Furthermore, interleukin-13 receptor α chain variant 2 (IL13Rα2) is a highly expressed and studied target in GBM that is lacked by the surrounding environment. The absence of IL13Rα2 in surrounding normal tissues has made it a suitable target in glioblastoma therapy. In this review article, we highlighted the role of IL13Rα2 as a potential target in GBM along with design and fabrication of efficient targeting strategies for IL13Rα2 through surface functionalized nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou Medical College Affiliated Lin’an People’s Hospital, The First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Lin’an District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Center for General Practice Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
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Knopp RC, Banks WA, Erickson MA. Physical associations of microglia and the vascular blood-brain barrier and their importance in development, health, and disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 77:102648. [PMID: 36347075 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Brain endothelial cells (BEC) of the vascular blood-brain barrier (BBB) interact with many different cell types in the brain, including microglia, the brain's resident immune cells. Physical associations of microglia with the BBB and the importance of these interactions in health and disease are an emerging area of study and likely involved in neuroimmune communication. In this mini-review, we consider how microglia and the BBB are intrinsically linked in the developing brain, discuss possible mechanisms that attract microglia to the vasculature in healthy physiological conditions, and examine the known microglial-vascular associated changes in systemic infection and various disease states. Our findings shed light on the complexities of microglial-vascular interactions and highlight the contributions of microglia to the functions of the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Knopp
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA USA, 98108; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - William A Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA USA, 98108; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Michelle A Erickson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA USA, 98108; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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31
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Chai AB, Callaghan R, Gelissen IC. Regulation of P-Glycoprotein in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314667. [PMID: 36498995 PMCID: PMC9740459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of the tightly regulated homeostatic environment of the brain is facilitated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-binding cassette transporter, is expressed on the luminal surface of the endothelial cells in the BBB, and actively exports a wide variety of substrates to limit exposure of the vulnerable brain environment to waste buildup and neurotoxic compounds. Downregulation of P-gp expression and activity at the BBB have been reported with ageing and in neurodegenerative diseases. Upregulation of P-gp at the BBB contributes to poor therapeutic outcomes due to altered pharmacokinetics of CNS-acting drugs. The regulation of P-gp is highly complex, but unravelling the mechanisms involved may help the development of novel and nuanced strategies to modulate P-gp expression for therapeutic benefit. This review summarises the current understanding of P-gp regulation in the brain, encompassing the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms that have been identified to affect P-gp expression and transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B. Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard Callaghan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ingrid C. Gelissen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-8627-0357
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Lawal SK, Olojede SO, Faborode OS, Aladeyelu OS, Matshipi MN, Sulaiman SO, Naidu ECS, Rennie CO, Azu OO. Nanodelivery of antiretroviral drugs to nervous tissues. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1025160. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1025160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of effective combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the neurocognitive impairments associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remain challenging. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCFB) impedes the adequate penetration of certain antiretroviral drugs into the brain. In addition, reports have shown that some antiretroviral drugs cause neurotoxicity resulting from their interaction with nervous tissues due to long-term systemic exposure. Therefore, the research into the effective therapeutic modality that would cater for the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and ART toxicity is now receiving broad research attention. Thus, this review explores the latest information in managing HAND using a nanoparticle drug delivery system (NDDS). We discussed the neurotoxicity profile of various approved ART. Also, we explained the applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in medicine, their different synthesis methods and their interaction with nervous tissues. Lastly, while proposing AgNPs as useful nanoparticles in properly delivering ART to enhance effectiveness and minimize neurocognitive disorders, we hypothesize that the perceived toxicity of AgNPs could be minimized by taking appropriate precautions. One such precaution is using appropriate reducing and stabilizing agents such as trisodium citrate to reduce silver ion Ag + to ground state Ag0 during the synthesis. Also, the usage of medium-sized, spherical-shaped AgNPs is encouraged in AgNPs-based drug delivery to the brain due to their ability to deliver therapeutic agents across BBB. In addition, characterization and functionalization of the synthesized AgNPs are required during the drug delivery approach. Putting all these factors in place would minimize toxicity and enhance the usage of AgNPs in delivering therapeutic agents across the BBB to the targeted brain tissue and could cater for the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and neurotoxic effects of antiretroviral drugs (ARDs).
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Grigoreva TA, Sagaidak AV, Novikova DS, Tribulovich VG. Implication of ABC transporters in non-proliferative diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 935:175327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wang L, Shi Y, Jiang J, Li C, Zhang H, Zhang X, Jiang T, Wang L, Wang Y, Feng L. Micro-Nanocarriers Based Drug Delivery Technology for Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing and Brain Tumor Targeting Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203678. [PMID: 36103614 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The greatest obstacle to using drugs to treat brain tumors is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), making it difficult for conventional drug molecules to enter the brain. Therefore, how to safely and effectively penetrate the BBB to achieve targeted drug delivery to brain tumors has been a challenging research problem. With the intensive research in micro- and nanotechnology in recent years, nano drug-targeted delivery technologies have shown great potential to overcome this challenge, such as inorganic nanocarriers, organic polymer-carriers, liposomes, and biobased carriers, which can be designed in different sizes, shapes, and surface functional groups to enhance their ability to penetrate the BBB and targeted drug delivery for brain tumors. In this review, the composition and overcoming patterns of the BBB are detailed, and then the hot research topics of drug delivery carriers for brain tumors in recent years are summarized, and their mechanisms of action on the BBB and the factors affecting drug delivery are described in detail, and the effectiveness of targeted therapy for brain tumors is evaluated. Finally, the challenges and dilemmas in developing brain tumor drug delivery systems are discussed, which will be promising in the future for targeted drug delivery to brain tumors based on micro-nanocarriers technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Youyuan Shi
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingzhen Jiang
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Chan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hengrui Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yinyan Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Correia AC, Monteiro AR, Silva R, Moreira JN, Sousa Lobo JM, Silva AC. Lipid nanoparticles strategies to modify pharmacokinetics of central nervous system targeting drugs: Crossing or circumventing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to manage neurological disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114485. [PMID: 35970274 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The main limitation to the success of central nervous system (CNS) therapies lies in the difficulty for drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach the brain. Regarding its structure and enzymatic complexity, crossing the BBB is a challenge, although several alternatives have been identified. For instance, the use of drugs encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles has been described as one of the most efficient approaches to bypass the BBB, as they allow the passage of drugs through this barrier, improving brain bioavailability. In particular, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) have been a focus of research related to drug delivery to the brain. These systems provide protection of lipophilic drugs, improved delivery and bioavailability, having a major impact on treatments outcomes. In addition, the use of lipid nanoparticles administered via routes that transport drugs directly into the brain seems a promising solution to avoid the difficulties in crossing the BBB. For instance, the nose-to-brain route has gained considerable interest, as it has shown efficacy in 3D human nasal models and in animal models. This review addresses the state of the art on the use of lipid nanoparticles to modify the pharmacokinetics of drugs employed in the management of neurological disorders. A description of the structural components of the BBB, the role of the neurovascular unit and limitations for drugs to entry into the CNS is first addressed, along with the developments to increase drug delivery to the brain, with a special focus on lipid nanoparticles. In addition, the obstacle of BBB complexity in the creation of new effective drugs for the treatment of the most prevalent neurological disorders is also addressed. Finally, the proposed strategies for lipid nanoparticles to reach the CNS, crossing or circumventing the BBB, are described. Although promising results have been reported, especially with the nose-to-brain route, they are still ongoing to assess its real efficacy in vivo in the management of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Correia
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - A R Monteiro
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal.
| | - J N Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra - University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J M Sousa Lobo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - A C Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; FP-I3ID (Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento), FP-BHS (Biomedical and Health Sciences Research Unit), Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249 004 Porto, Portugal.
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36
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Scioli-Montoto S, Sbaraglini ML, Cisneros JS, Chain CY, Ferretti V, León IE, Alvarez VA, Castro GR, Islan GA, Talevi A, Ruiz ME. Novel Phenobarbital-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Epilepsy Treatment: From QbD to In Vivo Evaluation. Front Chem 2022; 10:908386. [PMID: 36059881 PMCID: PMC9428247 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.908386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological treatments of central nervous system diseases are always challenging due to the restrictions imposed by the blood–brain barrier: while some drugs can effectively cross it, many others, some antiepileptic drugs among them, display permeability issues to reach the site of action and exert their pharmacological effects. The development of last-generation therapeutic nanosystems capable of enhancing drug biodistribution has gained ground in the past few years. Lipid-based nanoparticles are promising systems aimed to improve or facilitate the passage of drugs through biological barriers, which have demonstrated their effectiveness in various therapeutic fields, without signs of associated toxicity. In the present work, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) containing the antiepileptic drug phenobarbital were designed and optimized by a quality by design approach (QbD). The optimized formulation was characterized by its entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index, and Z potential. Thermal properties were analyzed by DSC and TGA, and morphology and crystal properties were analyzed by AFM, TEM, and XRD. Drug localization and possible interactions between the drug and the formulation components were evaluated using FTIR. In vitro release kinetic, cytotoxicity on non-tumoral mouse fibroblasts L929, and in vivo anticonvulsant activity in an animal model of acute seizures were studied as well. The optimized formulation resulted in spherical particles with a mean size of ca. 178 nm and 98.2% of entrapment efficiency, physically stable for more than a month. Results obtained from the physicochemical and in vitro release characterization suggested that the drug was incorporated into the lipid matrix losing its crystalline structure after the synthesis process and was then released following a slower kinetic in comparison with the conventional immediate-release formulation. The NLC was non-toxic against the selected cell line and capable of delivering the drug to the site of action in an adequate amount and time for therapeutic effects, with no appreciable neurotoxicity. Therefore, the developed system represents a promising alternative for the treatment of one of the most prevalent neurological diseases, epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Scioli-Montoto
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Research and Development, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Maria Laura Sbaraglini
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Research and Development, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jose Sebastian Cisneros
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
- Research Institute of Theoretical and Applied Physical Chemistry (INIFTA—CONICET—UNLP), Department of Chemistry, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Yamil Chain
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
- Research Institute of Theoretical and Applied Physical Chemistry (INIFTA—CONICET—UNLP), Department of Chemistry, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Valeria Ferretti
- Inorganic Chemistry Center (CEQUINOR—CONICET—UNLP), Department of Chemistry, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Esteban León
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
- Inorganic Chemistry Center (CEQUINOR—CONICET—UNLP), Department of Chemistry, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- Physiopathology Chair, Biological Sciences Department, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Vera Alejandra Alvarez
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology Research (INTEMA—CONICET—UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Raul Castro
- Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC), Partner Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIbpC, MPG), Center for Interdisciplinary Studies (CEI—CONICET), National University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - German Abel Islan
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
- Nanobiomaterials Laboratory, Center for Research and Development of Industrial Fermentations (CINDEFI—CONICET—UNLP), School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alan Talevi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Research and Development, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Maria Esperanza Ruiz
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Research and Development, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Maria Esperanza Ruiz, ,
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Functional Expression of Multidrug-Resistance (MDR) Transporters in Developing Human Fetal Brain Endothelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142259. [PMID: 35883702 PMCID: PMC9323234 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little information about the functional expression of the multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp, encoded by ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in the developing blood−brain barrier (BBB). We isolated and cultured primary human fetal brain endothelial cells (hfBECs) from early and mid-gestation brains and assessed P-gp/ABCB1 and BCRP/ABCG2 expression and function, as well as tube formation capability. Immunolocalization of the von Willebrand factor (marker of endothelial cells), zonula occludens-1 and claudin-5 (tight junctions) was detected in early and mid-gestation-derived hfBECs, which also formed capillary-like tube structures, confirming their BEC phenotype. P-gp and BCRP immunostaining was detected in capillary-like tubes and in the cytoplasm and nucleus of hfBECs. P-gp protein levels in the plasma membrane and nuclear protein fractions, as well as P-gp protein/ABCB1 mRNA and BCRP protein levels decreased (p < 0.05) in hfBECs, from early to mid-gestation. No differences in P-gp or BCRP activity in hfBECs were observed between the two age groups. The hfBECs from early and mid-gestation express functionally competent P-gp and BCRP drug transporters and may thus contribute to the BBB protective phenotype in the conceptus from early stages of pregnancy.
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Eng ME, Imperio GE, Bloise E, Matthews SG. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters in the developing blood-brain barrier: role in fetal brain protection. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:415. [PMID: 35821142 PMCID: PMC11071850 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides essential neuroprotection from environmental toxins and xenobiotics, through high expression of drug efflux transporters in endothelial cells of the cerebral capillaries. However, xenobiotic exposure, stress, and inflammatory stimuli have the potential to disrupt BBB permeability in fetal and post-natal life. Understanding the role and ability of the BBB in protecting the developing brain, particularly with respect to drug/toxin transport, is key to promoting long-term brain health. Drug transporters, particularly P-gp and BCRP are expressed in early gestation at the developing BBB and have a crucial role in developmental homeostasis and fetal brain protection. We have highlighted several factors that modulate drug transporters at the developing BBB, including synthetic glucocorticoid (sGC), cytokines, maternal infection, and growth factors. Some factors have the potential to increase expression and function of drug transporters and increase brain protection (e.g., sGC, transforming growth factor [TGF]-β). However, others inhibit drug transporters expression and function at the BBB, increasing brain exposure to xenobiotics (e.g., tumor necrosis factor [TNF], interleukin [IL]-6), negatively impacting brain development. This has implications for pregnant women and neonates, who represent a vulnerable population and may be exposed to drugs and environmental toxins, many of which are P-gp and BCRP substrates. Thus, alterations in regulated transport across the developing BBB may induce long-term changes in brain health and compromise pregnancy outcome. Furthermore, a large portion of neonatal adverse drug reactions are attributed to agents that target or access the nervous system, such as stimulants (e.g., caffeine), anesthetics (e.g., midazolam), analgesics (e.g., morphine) and antiretrovirals (e.g., Zidovudine); thus, understanding brain protection is key for the development of strategies to protect the fetal and neonatal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Eng
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Bldg. Rm. 3207. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Enrrico Bloise
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Bldg. Rm. 3207. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stephen G Matthews
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Bldg. Rm. 3207. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Wölfl-Duchek M, Mairinger S, Hernández-Lozano I, Filip T, Zoufal V, Löbsch M, Stanek J, Kuntner C, Wanek T, Bauer M, Pahnke J, Langer O. Use of PET Imaging to Assess the Efficacy of Thiethylperazine to Stimulate Cerebral MRP1 Transport Activity in Wild-Type and APP/PS1-21 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6514. [PMID: 35742960 PMCID: PMC9224167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1, encoded by the ABCC1 gene) may contribute to the clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides from the brain into the blood and stimulation of MRP1 transport activity may be a therapeutic approach to enhance brain Aβ clearance. In this study, we assessed the effect of thiethylperazine, an antiemetic drug which was shown to stimulate MRP1 activity in vitro and to decrease Aβ load in a rapid β-amyloidosis mouse model (APP/PS1-21), on MRP1 transport activity by means of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the MRP1 tracer 6-bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine. Groups of wild-type, APP/PS1-21 and Abcc1(-/-) mice underwent PET scans before and after a 5-day oral treatment period with thiethylperazine (15 mg/kg, once daily). The elimination rate constant of radioactivity (kelim) was calculated from time-activity curves in the brain and the lungs as a measure of tissue MRP1 activity. Treatment with thiethylperazine had no significant effect on MRP1 activity in the brain and the lungs of wild-type and APP/PS1-21 mice. This may either be related to a lack of an MRP1-stimulating effect of thiethylperazine in vivo or to other factors, such as substrate-dependent MRP1 stimulation, insufficient target tissue exposure to thiethylperazine or limited sensitivity of the PET tracer to measure MRP1 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wölfl-Duchek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.W.-D.); (S.M.); (I.H.-L.); (M.B.)
| | - Severin Mairinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.W.-D.); (S.M.); (I.H.-L.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.S.); (C.K.); (T.W.)
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (T.F.); (V.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Irene Hernández-Lozano
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.W.-D.); (S.M.); (I.H.-L.); (M.B.)
| | - Thomas Filip
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (T.F.); (V.Z.); (M.L.)
- Core Facility Laboratory Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Zoufal
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (T.F.); (V.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Mathilde Löbsch
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (T.F.); (V.Z.); (M.L.)
- Core Facility Laboratory Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Stanek
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.S.); (C.K.); (T.W.)
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (T.F.); (V.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Claudia Kuntner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.S.); (C.K.); (T.W.)
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (T.F.); (V.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.S.); (C.K.); (T.W.)
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (T.F.); (V.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.W.-D.); (S.M.); (I.H.-L.); (M.B.)
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Oslo University Hospital (OUS), University of Oslo (UiO), 0424 Oslo, Norway;
- LIED, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 1586 Rīga, Latvia
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.W.-D.); (S.M.); (I.H.-L.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.S.); (C.K.); (T.W.)
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (T.F.); (V.Z.); (M.L.)
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Pinto M, Silva V, Barreiro S, Silva R, Remião F, Borges F, Fernandes C. Brain drug delivery and neurodegenerative diseases: Polymeric PLGA-based nanoparticles as a forefront platform. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101658. [PMID: 35660114 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of effective drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) is a deadlock. Due to their complex etiology and high heterogeneity, progresses in the development of novel NDs therapies have been slow, raising social/economic and medical concerns. Nanotechnology and nanomedicine evolved exponentially in recent years and presented a panoply of tools projected to improve diagnosis and treatment. Drug-loaded nanosystems, particularly nanoparticles (NPs), were successfully used to address numerous drug glitches, such as efficacy, bioavailability and safety. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), mainly based on polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), have been already validated and approved for the treatment of cancer, neurologic dysfunctions and hormonal-related diseases. Despite promising no PNPs-based therapy for neurodegenerative disorders is available up to date. To stimulate the research in the area the studies performed so far with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles as well as the techniques aimed to improve PNPs BBB permeability and drug targeting were revised. Bearing in mind NDs pharmacological therapy landscape huge efforts must be done in finding new therapeutic solutions along with the translation of the most promising results to the clinic, which hopefully will converge in the development of effective drugs in a foreseeable future.
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Guo X, Cao X, Fang X, Guo A, Li E. Involvement of phase II enzymes and efflux transporters in the metabolism and absorption of naringin, hesperidin and their aglycones in rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:480-490. [PMID: 34974785 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.2012562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of phase II metabolism and efflux transportation on the bioavailability of naringin, hesperidin, and their aglycones (naringenin and hesperetin) in rats. Results indicated naringin and hesperidin have a lower oral bioavailability than their aglycones. Of all the phase II enzymes tested, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, UGT1A2, UGT1A3, UGT1A7 and SULT sulfotransferase (SULT) 1B1 were of minor importance regarding the phase II metabolism of naringenin and hesperetin in the small intestine. Naringin, hesperidin, and their aglycones were all extensively metabolised in the liver. Naringin and hesperidin were more extensively transported by efflux transporters compared to their aglycones. Significant correlations between phase II enzymes and efflux transporters were detected. In conclusion, more extensive metabolism of naringin and hesperidin than their aglycones in the small intestine, and the interplay of phase II enzymes and efflux transporters in the small intestine explain the lower relative oral bioavailability of naringin and hesperidin than their aglycones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuedan Cao
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiugui Fang
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Ailing Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Erhu Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Ding Y, Jiang X, Kim Y. Relational graph convolutional networks for predicting blood-brain barrier penetration of drug molecules. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:2826-2831. [PMID: 35561199 PMCID: PMC9113341 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Evaluating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of drug molecules is a critical step in brain drug development. Traditional methods for the evaluation require complicated in vitro or in vivo testing. Alternatively, in silico predictions based on machine learning have proved to be a cost-efficient way to complement the in vitro and in vivo methods. However, the performance of the established models has been limited by their incapability of dealing with the interactions between drugs and proteins, which play an important role in the mechanism behind the BBB penetrating behaviors. To address this limitation, we employed the relational graph convolutional network (RGCN) to handle the drug-protein interactions as well as the properties of each individual drug. RESULTS The RGCN model achieved an overall accuracy of 0.872, an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.919 and an area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.838 for the testing dataset with the drug-protein interactions and the Mordred descriptors as the input. Introducing drug-drug similarity to connect structurally similar drugs in the data graph further improved the testing results, giving an overall accuracy of 0.876, an AUROC of 0.926 and an AUPRC of 0.865. In particular, the RGCN model was found to greatly outperform the LightGBM base model when evaluated with the drugs whose BBB penetration was dependent on drug-protein interactions. Our model is expected to provide high-confidence predictions of BBB permeability for drug prioritization in the experimental screening of BBB-penetrating drugs. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The data and the codes are freely available at https://github.com/dingyan20/BBB-Penetration-Prediction. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Center for Secure Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- Center for Secure Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yejin Kim
- To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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Wang X, Wu C, Liu S, Peng D. Combinatorial therapeutic strategies for enhanced delivery of therapeutics to brain cancer cells through nanocarriers: current trends and future perspectives. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1370-1383. [PMID: 35532094 PMCID: PMC9090367 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2069881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cancer is the most aggressive one among various cancers. It has a drastic impact on people's lives because of the failure in treatment efficacy of the currently employed strategies. Various strategies used to relieve pain in brain cancer patients and to prolong survival time include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Nevertheless, several inevitable limitations are accompanied by such treatments due to unsatisfactory curative effects. Generally, the treatment of cancers is very challenging due to many reasons including drugs’ intrinsic factors and physiological barriers. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) are the two additional hurdles in the way of therapeutic agents to brain tumors delivery. Combinatorial and targeted therapies specifically in cancer show a very promising role where nanocarriers’ based formulations are designed primarily to achieve tumor-specific drug release. A dual-targeting strategy is a versatile way of chemotherapeutics delivery to brain tumors that gets the aid of combined ligands and mediators that cross the BBB and reaches the target site efficiently. In contrast to single targeting where one receptor or mediator is targeted, the dual-targeting strategy is expected to produce a multiple-fold increase in therapeutic efficacy for cancer therapy, especially in brain tumors. In a nutshell, a dual-targeting strategy for brain tumors enhances the delivery efficiency of chemotherapeutic agents via penetration across the blood-brain barrier and enhances the targeting of tumor cells. This review article highlights the ongoing status of the brain tumor therapy enhanced by nanoparticle based delivery with the aid of dual-targeting strategies. The future perspectives in this regard have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiande Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou Medical College Affiliated Lin'an People's Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou Lin'an District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Deqing Peng
- Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
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Construction and Functional Evaluation of a Three-Dimensional Blood–Brain Barrier Model Equipped With Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1535-1547. [PMID: 35411503 PMCID: PMC9246774 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to construct and validate an in vivo three-dimensional blood–brain barrier (3D-BBB) model system equipped with brain microvascular endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS-BMECs).
Methods
The 3D-BBB system was constructed by seeding hiPS-BMECs onto the capillary lane of a MIMETAS OrganoPlate® 3-lane coated with fibronectin/collagen IV. hiPS-BMECs were incubated under continuous switchback flow with an OrganoFlow® for 2 days. The 3D capillary structure and expression of tight-junction proteins and transporters were confirmed by immunocytochemistry. The mRNA expression of transporters in the 3D environment was determined using qRT-PCR, and the permeability of endogenous substances and drugs was evaluated under various conditions.
Results and Discussion
The expression of tight-junction proteins, including claudin-5 and ZO-1, was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The permeability rate constant of lucifer yellow through hiPS-BMECs was undetectably low, indicating that paracellular transport is highly restricted by tight junctions in the 3D-BBB system. The mRNA expression levels of transporters and receptors in the 3D-BBB system differed from those in the 2D-culture system by 0.2- to 5.8-fold. The 3D-cultured hiPS-BMECs showed asymmetric transport of substrates of BCRP, CAT1 and LAT1 between the luminal (blood) and abluminal (brain) sides. Proton-coupled symport function of MCT1 was also confirmed.
Conclusion
The 3D-BBB system constructed in this study mimics several important characteristics of the human BBB, and is expected to be a useful high-throughput evaluation tool in the development of CNS drugs.
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Brouwer KLR, Evers R, Hayden E, Hu S, Li CY, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE, Neuhoff S, Oswald S, Piquette-Miller M, Saran C, Sjöstedt N, Sprowl JA, Stahl SH, Yue W. Regulation of Drug Transport Proteins-From Mechanisms to Clinical Impact: A White Paper on Behalf of the International Transporter Consortium. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:461-484. [PMID: 35390174 PMCID: PMC9398928 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transport proteins are involved in the absorption, disposition, efficacy, and/or toxicity of many drugs. Numerous mechanisms (e.g., nuclear receptors, epigenetic gene regulation, microRNAs, alternative splicing, post‐translational modifications, and trafficking) regulate transport protein levels, localization, and function. Various factors associated with disease, medications, and dietary constituents, for example, may alter the regulation and activity of transport proteins in the intestine, liver, kidneys, brain, lungs, placenta, and other important sites, such as tumor tissue. This white paper reviews key mechanisms and regulatory factors that alter the function of clinically relevant transport proteins involved in drug disposition. Current considerations with in vitro and in vivo models that are used to investigate transporter regulation are discussed, including strengths, limitations, and the inherent challenges in predicting the impact of changes due to regulation of one transporter on compensatory pathways and overall drug disposition. In addition, translation and scaling of in vitro observations to in vivo outcomes are considered. The importance of incorporating altered transporter regulation in modeling and simulation approaches to predict the clinical impact on drug disposition is also discussed. Regulation of transporters is highly complex and, therefore, identification of knowledge gaps will aid in directing future research to expand our understanding of clinically relevant molecular mechanisms of transporter regulation. This information is critical to the development of tools and approaches to improve therapeutic outcomes by predicting more accurately the impact of regulation‐mediated changes in transporter function on drug disposition and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raymond Evers
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety, Johnson & Johnson, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hayden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shuiying Hu
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Oswald
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Chitra Saran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Noora Sjöstedt
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jason A Sprowl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Simone H Stahl
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Torres-Vergara P, Rivera R, Escudero C. How Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 Could Contribute to Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Preeclampsia? Front Physiol 2022; 12:805082. [PMID: 35211027 PMCID: PMC8862682 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.805082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related syndrome that courses with severe cerebrovascular complications if not properly managed. Findings from pre-clinical and clinical studies have proposed that the imbalance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors exhibited in preeclampsia is a major component of its pathophysiology. In this regard, measurement of circulating levels of soluble tyrosine kinase-1 similar to fms (sFlt-1), a decoy receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is a moderately reliable biomarker for the diagnosis of preeclampsia. However, few studies have established a mechanistic approach to determine how the high levels of sFlt-1 are responsible for the endothelial dysfunction, and even less is known about its effects at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Since the expression pattern of VEGF receptors type 1 and 2 in brain endothelial cells differs from the observed in peripheral endothelial cells, and components of the neurovascular unit of the BBB provide paracrine secretion of VEGF, this compartmentalization of VEGF signaling could help to see in a different viewpoint the role of sFlt-1 in the development of endothelial dysfunction. In this article, we provide a hypothesis of how sFlt-1 could eventually be a protective factor for brain endothelial cells of the BBB under preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Torres-Vergara
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillán, Chile
| | - Robin Rivera
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillán, Chile.,Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
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47
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Poustforoosh A, Nematollahi MH, Hashemipour H, Pardakhty A. Recent advances in Bio-conjugated nanocarriers for crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier in (pre-)clinical studies with an emphasis on vesicles. J Control Release 2022; 343:777-797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Steadman D, Atkinson BN, Zhao Y, Willis NJ, Frew S, Monaghan A, Patel C, Armstrong E, Costelloe K, Magno L, Bictash M, Jones EY, Fish PV, Svensson F. Virtual Screening Directly Identifies New Fragment-Sized Inhibitors of Carboxylesterase Notum with Nanomolar Activity. J Med Chem 2022; 65:562-578. [PMID: 34939789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Notum is a negative regulator of Wnt signaling acting through the hydrolysis of a palmitoleoylate ester, which is required for Wnt activity. Inhibitors of Notum could be of use in diseases where dysfunctional Notum activity is an underlying cause. A docking-based virtual screen (VS) of a large commercial library was used to shortlist 952 compounds for experimental validation as inhibitors of Notum. The VS was successful with 31 compounds having an IC50 < 500 nM. A critical selection process was then applied with two clusters and two singletons (1-4d) selected for hit validation. Optimization of 4d guided by structural biology identified potent inhibitors of Notum activity that restored Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cell-based models. The [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyradizin-3(2H)-one series 4 represent a new chemical class of Notum inhibitors and the first to be discovered by a VS campaign. These results demonstrate the value of VS with well-designed docking models based on X-ray structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Steadman
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Benjamin N Atkinson
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Roosevelt Drive, OxfordOX3 7BN, U.K
| | - Nicky J Willis
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Sarah Frew
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Amy Monaghan
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Chandni Patel
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Emma Armstrong
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Kathryn Costelloe
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Lorenza Magno
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Magda Bictash
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - E Yvonne Jones
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Roosevelt Drive, OxfordOX3 7BN, U.K
| | - Paul V Fish
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Fredrik Svensson
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, LondonWC1E 6BT, U.K
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Shaw TK, Paul P. Recent approaches and success of liposome-based nanodrug carriers for the treatment of brain tumor. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:815-829. [PMID: 34961462 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666211213102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors are nothing but a collection of neoplasms originated either from areas within the brain or from systemic metastasized tumors of other organs that have spread to the brain. It is a leading cause of death worldwide. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), and some other factors may limit the entry of many potential therapeutics into the brain tissues in tumor area at the therapeutic concentration required for satisfying effectiveness. Liposomes are taking an active role in delivering many drugs through the BBB into the tumor due to their nanosize and their physiological compatibility. Further, this colloidal carrier can encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs due to its unique structure. The surface of the liposomes can be modified with various ligands that are very specific to the numerous receptors overexpressed onto the BBB as well as onto the diseased tumor surface site (i.e., BBTB) to deliver selective drugs into the tumor site. Moreover, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect can be an added advantage for nanosize liposomes to concentrate into the tumor microenvironment through relatively leaky vasculature of solid tumor in the brain where no restriction of penetration applies compared to normal BBB. Here in this review, we have tried to compilethe recent advancement along with the associated challenges of liposomes containing different anticancer chemotherapeutics across the BBB/BBTB for the treatment of gliomas that will be very helpful for the readers for better understanding of different trends of brain tumor targeted liposomes-based drug delivery and for pursuing fruitful research on the similar research domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K Shaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, Kolkata, West Bengal. India
| | - Paramita Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, West Bengal. India
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50
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Aykac A, Sehirli AÖ. The Function and Expression of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters Proteins in the Alzheimer's Disease. Glob Med Genet 2021; 8:149-155. [PMID: 34877572 PMCID: PMC8635834 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite many years of research, radical treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has still not been found. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. AD is characterized by three main changes occurring in the central nervous system: (1) Aβ plaque accumulation that prevents synaptic communication, (2) the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins that inhibit the transport of molecules inside neurons, and (3) neuronal cell loss of the limbic system. Mechanisms leading to Aβ accumulation in AD are excessive Aβ production as a result of mutations in amyloid precursor protein or genes, and impairment of clearance of Aβ due to changes in Aβ aggregation properties and/or Aβ removal processes. Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are expressed in astrocyte, microglia, neuron, brain capillary endothelial cell, choroid plexus, choroid plexus epithelial cell, and ventricular ependymal cell. ABC transporters have essential detoxification and neuroprotective roles in the brain. The expression and functional changes in ABC transporters contribute to the accumulation of Aβ peptide. In conclusion, the review was aimed to summarize and highlight accumulated evidence in the literature focusing on the changing functions of human ABC transporter members, in AD pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Aykac
- Department of Biophysics, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ahmet Özer Sehirli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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