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Zhu H, Wu M, Mou J, Yang X, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wang X, Xue H, Xu J, Chen L, Xu L. Behavior and physiology in female Cricetulus barabensis are associated with the expression of circadian genes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1281617. [PMID: 38374960 PMCID: PMC10875996 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1281617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates the behavior, physiology, and metabolism of mammals, and these characteristics, such as sleep-wake cycles, exercise capacity, and hormone levels, exhibit circadian rhythms. Light signaling is the main stimulator of the mammalian circadian system. The photoperiod regulates the reproductive cycle of seasonal breeding animals, and the circadian clock plays a pivotal role in this process. However, the role of the clock in coordinating animal behavior and physiology in response to photoperiodic changes needs further investigation. The present study investigated the changes and correlation of behavioral activities, physiological indicators, and gene expression in female striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) within 24 h under a 12L:12D photoperiod. We found that the daily rhythms of sleep-wake and open field were significant in hamsters. The expression of clock genes, melatonin receptor genes, and genes involved in general metabolism oscillated significantly in central and peripheral tissues (brain, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, and thymus) and was significantly associated with behavior and physiology. Our results revealed that the neuroendocrine system regulated the rhythmicity of behavior and physiology, and central and peripheral clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2, Cry1, and Cry2), melatonin receptor genes (MT1, MT2, and GPR50), and metabolizing genes (SIRT1, FGF21, and PPARα) played important roles. Our results suggest that central and peripheral circadian clocks, melatonin receptors, and genes involved in general metabolism may play key roles in maintaining circadian behavior and metabolic homeostasis in striped hamsters. Our results may have important implication for rodent pest control.
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Malhan D, Schoenrock B, Yalçin M, Blottner D, Relόgio A. Circadian regulation in aging: Implications for spaceflight and life on earth. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13935. [PMID: 37493006 PMCID: PMC10497835 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the circadian system are characteristic of aging on Earth. With the decline in physiological processes due to aging, several health concerns including vision loss, cardiovascular disorders, cognitive impairments, and muscle mass loss arise in elderly populations. Similar health risks are reported as "red flag" risks among astronauts during and after a long-term Space exploration journey. However, little is known about the common molecular alterations underlying terrestrial aging and space-related aging in astronauts, and controversial conclusions have been recently reported. In light of the regulatory role of the circadian clock in the maintenance of human health, we review here the overlapping role of the circadian clock both on aging on Earth and spaceflight with a focus on the four most affected systems: visual, cardiovascular, central nervous, and musculoskeletal systems. In this review, we briefly introduce the regulatory role of the circadian clock in specific cellular processes followed by alterations in those processes due to aging. We next summarize the known molecular alterations associated with spaceflight, highlighting involved clock-regulated genes in space flown Drosophila, nematodes, small mammals, and astronauts. Finally, we discuss common genes that are altered in terms of their expression due to aging on Earth and spaceflight. Altogether, the data elaborated in this review strengthen our hypothesis regarding the timely need to include circadian dysregulation as an emerging hallmark of aging on Earth and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Malhan
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human MedicineMSH Medical School HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Britt Schoenrock
- Institute of Integrative NeuroanatomyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Müge Yalçin
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human MedicineMSH Medical School HamburgHamburgGermany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB)Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Dieter Blottner
- Institute of Integrative NeuroanatomyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Neuromuscular System and Neuromuscular SignalingBerlin Center of Space Medicine & Extreme EnvironmentsBerlinGermany
| | - Angela Relόgio
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human MedicineMSH Medical School HamburgHamburgGermany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB)Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
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3
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Lalonde C, Sreetharan S, Murray A, Stoa L, Cybulski ME, Kennedy A, Landry N, Stillar A, Khurana S, Tharmalingam S, Wilson J, Khaper N, Lees SJ, Boreham D, Tai TC. Absence of Depressive and Anxious Behavior with Genetic Dysregulation in Adult C57Bl/6J Mice after Prenatal Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108466. [PMID: 37239811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The exposure of ionizing radiation during early gestation often leads to deleterious and even lethal effects; however, few extensive studies have been conducted on late gestational exposures. This research examined the behavior al effects of C57Bl/6J mouse offspring exposed to low dose ionizing gamma irradiation during the equivalent third trimester. Pregnant dams were randomly assigned to sham or exposed groups to either low dose or sublethal dose radiation (50, 300, or 1000 mGy) at gestational day 15. Adult offspring underwent a behavioral and genetic analysis after being raised under normal murine housing conditions. Our results indicate very little change in the behavioral tasks measuring general anxiety, social anxiety, and stress-management in animals exposed prenatally across the low dose radiation conditions. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions were conducted on the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of each animal; results indicate some dysregulation in markers of DNA damage, synaptic activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, and methylation pathways in the offspring. Together, our results provide evidence in the C57Bl/6J strain, that exposure to sublethal dose radiation (<1000 mGy) during the last period of gestation leads to no observable changes in behaviour when assessed as adults, although some changes in gene expression were observed for specific brain regions. These results indicate that the level of oxidative stress occurring during late gestation for this mouse strain is not sufficient for a change in the assessed behavioral phenotype, but results in some modest dysregulation of the genetic profile of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lalonde
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Shayenthiran Sreetharan
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Alyssa Murray
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Lisa Stoa
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
| | | | - Allison Kennedy
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Landry
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON P1B8L7, Canada
| | - Amy Stillar
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON P1B8L7, Canada
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Joanna Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Simon J Lees
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Douglas Boreham
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - T C Tai
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
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4
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Circadian disruption and sleep disorders in neurodegeneration. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:8. [PMID: 36782262 PMCID: PMC9926748 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruptions of circadian rhythms and sleep cycles are common among neurodegenerative diseases and can occur at multiple levels. Accumulating evidence reveals a bidirectional relationship between disruptions of circadian rhythms and sleep cycles and neurodegenerative diseases. Circadian disruption and sleep disorders aggravate neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative diseases can in turn disrupt circadian rhythms and sleep. Importantly, circadian disruption and various sleep disorders can increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, harnessing the circadian biology findings from preclinical and translational research in neurodegenerative diseases is of importance for reducing risk of neurodegeneration and improving symptoms and quality of life of individuals with neurodegenerative disorders via approaches that normalize circadian in the context of precision medicine. In this review, we discuss the implications of circadian disruption and sleep disorders in neurodegenerative diseases by summarizing evidence from both human and animal studies, focusing on the bidirectional links of sleep and circadian rhythms with prevalent forms of neurodegeneration. These findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and suggest a promising role of circadian-based interventions.
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5
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Yuan Y, Li C, Guo S, Sun C, Ning N, Hao H, Wang L, Bian Y, Liu H, Wang X. Adiponectin improves amyloid-β 31-35-induced circadian rhythm disorder in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9851-9862. [PMID: 34523794 PMCID: PMC8505833 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte‐derived hormone, which is closely associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and has potential preventive and therapeutic significance. In the present study, we explored the relationship between adiponectin and circadian rhythm disorder in AD, the effect of adiponectin on the abnormal expression of Bmal1 mRNA/protein induced by amyloid‐β protein 31‐35 (Aβ31‐35), and the underlying mechanism of action. We found that adiponectin‐knockout mice exhibited amyloid‐β deposition, circadian rhythm disorders and abnormal expression of Bmal1. Adiponectin ameliorated the abnormal expression of the Bmal1 mRNA/protein caused by Aβ31‐35 by inhibiting the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). These results suggest that adiponectin deficiency could induce circadian rhythm disorders and abnormal expression of the Bmal1 mRNA/protein, whilst exogenous administration of adiponectin may improve Aβ31‐35‐induced abnormal expression of Bmal1 by inhibiting the activity of GSK3β, thus providing a novel idea for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chen Li
- Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cong Sun
- Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Na Ning
- Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haihu Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital & Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunfei Bian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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6
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Fusilier AR, Davis JA, Paul JR, Yates SD, McMeekin LJ, Goode LK, Mokashi MV, Remiszewski N, van Groen T, Cowell RM, McMahon LL, Roberson ED, Gamble KL. Dysregulated clock gene expression and abnormal diurnal regulation of hippocampal inhibitory transmission and spatial memory in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 158:105454. [PMID: 34333153 PMCID: PMC8477442 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) often have fragmentation of sleep/wake cycles and disrupted 24-h (circadian) activity. Despite this, little work has investigated the potential underlying day/night disruptions in cognition and neuronal physiology in the hippocampus. The molecular clock, an intrinsic transcription-translation feedback loop that regulates circadian behavior, may also regulate hippocampal neurophysiological activity. We hypothesized that disrupted diurnal variation in clock gene expression in the hippocampus corresponds with loss of normal day/night differences in membrane excitability, synaptic physiology, and cognition. We previously reported disrupted circadian locomotor rhythms and neurophysiological output of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (the primary circadian clock) in Tg-SwDI mice with human amyloid-beta precursor protein mutations. Here, we report that Tg-SwDI mice failed to show day/night differences in a spatial working memory task, unlike wild-type controls that exhibited enhanced spatial working memory at night. Moreover, Tg-SwDI mice had lower levels of Per2, one of the core components of the molecular clock, at both mRNA and protein levels when compared to age-matched controls. Interestingly, we discovered neurophysiological impairments in area CA1 of the Tg-SwDI hippocampus. In controls, spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents (sIPSCs) in pyramidal cells showed greater amplitude and lower inter-event interval during the day than the night. However, the normal day/night differences in sIPSCs were absent (amplitude) or reversed (inter-event interval) in pyramidal cells from Tg-SwDI mice. In control mice, current injection into CA1 pyramidal cells produced more firing during the night than during the day, but no day/night difference in excitability was observed in Tg-SwDI mice. The normal day/night difference in excitability in controls was blocked by GABA receptor inhibition. Together, these results demonstrate that the normal diurnal regulation of inhibitory transmission in the hippocampus is diminished in a mouse model of AD, leading to decreased daytime inhibition onto hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. Uncovering disrupted day/night differences in circadian gene regulation, hippocampal physiology, and memory in AD mouse models may provide insight into possible chronotherapeutic strategies to ameliorate Alzheimer's disease symptoms or delay pathological onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Fusilier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer A Davis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jodi R Paul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stefani D Yates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Laura J McMeekin
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Lacy K Goode
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mugdha V Mokashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Natalie Remiszewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Thomas van Groen
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rita M Cowell
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Lori L McMahon
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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7
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Carter B, Justin HS, Gulick D, Gamsby JJ. The Molecular Clock and Neurodegenerative Disease: A Stressful Time. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:644747. [PMID: 33889597 PMCID: PMC8056266 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.644747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm dysfunction occurs in both common and rare neurodegenerative diseases. This dysfunction manifests as sleep cycle mistiming, alterations in body temperature rhythms, and an increase in symptomatology during the early evening hours known as Sundown Syndrome. Disruption of circadian rhythm homeostasis has also been implicated in the etiology of neurodegenerative disease. Indeed, individuals exposed to a shifting schedule of sleep and activity, such as health care workers, are at a higher risk. Thus, a bidirectional relationship exists between the circadian system and neurodegeneration. At the heart of this crosstalk is the molecular circadian clock, which functions to regulate circadian rhythm homeostasis. Over the past decade, this connection has become a focal point of investigation as the molecular clock offers an attractive target to combat both neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis and circadian rhythm dysfunction, and a pivotal role for neuroinflammation and stress has been established. This review summarizes the contributions of molecular clock dysfunction to neurodegenerative disease etiology, as well as the mechanisms by which neurodegenerative diseases affect the molecular clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Carter
- Gamsby Laboratory, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Hannah S Justin
- Gamsby Laboratory, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Danielle Gulick
- Gamsby Laboratory, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Joshua J Gamsby
- Gamsby Laboratory, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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8
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Bessi V, Giacomucci G, Mazzeo S, Bagnoli S, Padiglioni S, Balestrini J, Tomaiuolo G, Piaceri I, Carraro M, Bracco L, Sorbi S, Nacmias B. PER2 C111G polymorphism, cognitive reserve and cognition in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: a 10-year follow-up study. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:56-65. [PMID: 32896064 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE CLOCK and PER2 genes have been implicated in sleep-wake cycle alterations and neurodegenerative diseases. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of CLOCK T3111C and PER2 C111G on cognitive functioning in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) patients and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients at the baseline of a longitudinal study, and the effect of these two polymorphisms on the progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD) of the two groups. METHODS Sixty-eight subjects (41 SCD and 27 MCI) who underwent clinical evaluation, neuropsychological assessment, CLOCK and PER2 genotyping at baseline and neuropsychological follow-up every 2 years for a mean time of 10 years were included. Subjects who developed AD (SCD-c and MCI-c) and non-converters (SCD-nc, MCI-nc) were considered. RESULTS CLOCK T3111C was detected in 47% of cases (21 SCD, 11 MCI) and PER2 C111G in 19% of cases (eight SCD and five MCI). PER2 G carriers presented lower premorbid intelligence score (P = 0.049), fewer years of education (P = 0.007) and a lower frequency of family history of AD (P = 0.04) than G non-carriers. MCI PER2 G carriers had worse performance in tests assessing memory, executive function, language and visuospatial abilities at baseline. During follow-up, two SCD and 15 MCI subjects progressed to AD: both of the SCD-c subjects presented the PER2 G allele, while none of the SCD PER2 G non-carriers converted to AD (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION PER2 seems to have a role in cognitive reserve and cognition in SCD and MCI patients. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to assess the role of PER2 C111G on the risk of progression to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bessi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Giacomucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Mazzeo
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Bagnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Padiglioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - J Balestrini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - I Piaceri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M Carraro
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - L Bracco
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - B Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
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9
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Lippi SLP, Kakalec PA, Smith ML, Flinn JM. Wheel-Running Behavior Is Negatively Impacted by Zinc Administration in a Novel Dual Transgenic Mouse Model of AD. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:854. [PMID: 32922260 PMCID: PMC7456872 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurocognitive disorder that impacts both the brain and behavior. Metal ions, including zinc (Zn), have been seen to play an important role in AD-related pathology. In this study, we show alterations in wheel-running behavior both early and late in disease progression in a novel dual Tg mouse model of AD. This mouse includes both amyloid and tau pathology through its cross with the J20 (hAPP) and P301L (Tau) parentage. Animals were given either lab water or water that had been supplemented with 10 ppm Zn. Wheel running was assessed through individually housing mice and measuring wheel-running activity in both the light and dark cycles. Dual Tg mice showed significantly less activity in the first part of the dark cycle than WT mice at both 3.5 and 7 months of age (p < 0.05). Dual Tg mice given Zn water showed less activity compared to dual Tg mice on lab water, tau mice on Zn water, or WT mice given either lab or Zn water (p < 0.05) at 7 months. Female mice in this study consistently showed higher activity compared to male mice in all groups whereas Zn led to reduced activity. Daily activity rhythm was altered in both the tau and dual Tg mice, and Zn impacted this alteration through effects on amyloid, tau, and through circadian pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jane M Flinn
- George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
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10
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Xu C, Yu J, Ruan Y, Wang Y, Chen Z. Decoding Circadian Rhythm and Epileptic Activities: Clues From Animal Studies. Front Neurol 2020; 11:751. [PMID: 32793110 PMCID: PMC7393483 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between circadian rhythm and epilepsy has been recognized for decades. Yet many questions underlying the complex mechanisms of their interaction remain elusive. A better understanding on this topic allows the development of accurate seizure-detection algorithm and alternative precise therapeutic strategies. Preclinical laboratory studies based on epileptic animal models, with controllable epileptogenic pathology and an array of intervention strategies, shed light on the bidirectional effects between circadian rhythm and epileptic seizures as well as their underlying mechanisms. Here, we reviewed findings on the interaction between circadian rhythm and epileptic seizures in the preclinical setting. We present the possible mechanisms at molecular, cellular and circuitry levels. We propose that future experimental designs should take into account the relationship between circadian rhythm and epilepsy as well as the underlying mechanisms in different types of animal models, which may have a translational significance as stepping stones for clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenglin Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeping Ruan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Sheehan PW, Musiek ES. Evaluating Circadian Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease: Where Do We Stand? Front Neurosci 2020; 14:703. [PMID: 32733196 PMCID: PMC7358444 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian dysfunction has been described in patients with symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as well as in presymptomatic phases of the disease. Modeling this circadian dysfunction in mouse models would provide an optimal platform for understanding mechanisms and developing therapies. While numerous studies have examined behavioral circadian function, and in some cases clock gene oscillation, in mouse models of AD, the results are variable and inconsistent across models, ages, and conditions. Ultimately, circadian changes observed in APP/PS1 models are inconsistent across studies and do not always replicate circadian phenotypes observed in human AD. Other models, including the 3xTG mouse, tau transgenic lines, and the accelerated aging SAMP8 line, show circadian phenotypes more consistent with human AD, although the literature is either inconsistent or minimal. We summarize these data and provide some recommendations to improve and standardize future studies of circadian function in AD mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Sheehan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Erik S Musiek
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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12
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Wang L, Zhao J, Wang C, Hou X, Ning N, Sun C, Guo S, Yuan Y, Li L, Hölscher C, Wang X. D-Ser2-oxyntomodulin ameliorated Aβ31-35-induced circadian rhythm disorder in mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:343-354. [PMID: 31411808 PMCID: PMC7053239 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The occurrence of circadian rhythm disorder in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely related to the abnormal deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ), and d-Ser2-oxyntomodulin (Oxy) is a protease-resistant oxyntomodulin analogue that has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects. AIMS This study aimed to explore whether Oxy, a new GLP-1R/GCGR dual receptor agonist, can improve the Aβ-induced disrupted circadian rhythm and the role of GLP-1R. METHODS A mouse wheel-running experiment was performed to explore the circadian rhythm, and western blotting and real-time PCR were performed to assess the expression of the circadian clock genes Bmal1 and Per2. Furthermore, a lentivirus encoding an shGLP-1R-GFP-PURO was used to interfere with GLP-1R gene expression and so explore the role of GLP-1R. RESULTS The present study has confirmed that Oxy could restore Aβ31-35-induced circadian rhythm disorders and improve the abnormal expression of Bmal1 and Per2. After interfering the GLP-1R gene, we found that Oxy could not improve the Aβ31-35-induced circadian rhythm disorder and abnormal expression of clock genes. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that Oxy could improve Aβ31-35-induced circadian rhythm disorders, and GLP-1R plays a critical role. This study thus describes a novel target that may be potentially used in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of PathologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of PathologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Chang‐Tu Wang
- Department of PathologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Laboratory of ChronobiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Xiao‐Hong Hou
- Department of PathologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Na Ning
- Department of PathologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Cong Sun
- Department of PathologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of PathologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Laboratory of Morphology, Department of Basic Medical SciencesShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Biomedical and Life Science, Faculty of Health and MedicineLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - Xiao‐Hui Wang
- Department of PathologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Laboratory of ChronobiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Laboratory of Morphology, Department of Basic Medical SciencesShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
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13
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Effects of circadian rhythm disorder on the hippocampus of SHR and WKY rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 168:107141. [PMID: 31857218 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of circadian rhythm disorder (CRD) on the hippocampus of SHR and WKY rats. Male SHR rats (n = 27) and WKY rats (n = 27) were randomly divided into six groups: SHR and WKY normal (N)CR, SHR and WKY CRD 16/8 (CRD16/8), and SHR and WKY CRD 12/12 (CRD12/12). Activity patterns were adjusted using different photoperiods over 90 days and any changes were recorded. Rats were tested in the Morris water maze and in a novel object recognition experiment; serologic analysis, magnetic resonance imaging (diffusion tensor imaging + arterial spin labeling), hippocampal Nissl staining, Fluoro-Jade B staining, and immunohistochemistry were also performed. The results showed that both types of inverted photoperiod reduced CR amplitude and prolonged the circadian period. CRD and hypertension reduced memory performance and novel object recognition and preference. The decreases in memory and preference indices were greater in rats in the CRD12/12 group compared to the CRD16/8 group. CRD and hypertension decreased fractional anisotropy values, the number of neurons and astrocytes in the hippocampus, and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and synapsin 1; it also enhanced the degeneration of neurons and microglia and reduced blood flow in the hippocampus, and increased nuclear factor κB, caspase, neuron-specific enolase, and interleukin-6 levels. These findings reveal a biological basis for the link between CRD and cognitive decline, which has implications for CRD caused by shift work and other factors.
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Lu X, Yang B, Yu H, Hu X, Nie J, Wan B, Zhang M, Lü C. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying the effects of triptolide and tripchlorolide on the expression of neuroligin-1 in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:453-459. [PMID: 31311385 PMCID: PMC6691810 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1629463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Context: Neuroligin-1 (NLGN1) is a cell adhesion protein located on the excitatory postsynaptic membrane. β-Amyloid (Aβ)-induced neuroinflammation decreases NLGN1 expression through epigenetic mechanisms. Triptolide (T10) and tripchlorolide (T4) exert protective effects on synapses in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: The effects of T10 and T4 on hippocampal NLGN1 expression in AD mice and the epigenetic mechanisms were assessed using chromatin immunoprecipitation and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation. Materials and methods: Sixty APP/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into an AD model group, a T10-treated group and a T4-treated group (n = 20); 20 wild-type littermates served as the control group. APP/PS1 transgenic mice were intraperitoneally injected with T10 (0.1 mg/kg) and T4 (25 μg/kg) once per day for 60 days. NLGN1 expression was examined using western blotting and quantitative PCR. Results: T10 and T4 increased the levels of the NLGN1 protein and mRNA in hippocampus of AD mice. T10 and T4 inhibited the binding of HDAC2 (p< 0.01) and MeCP2 (p< 0.01 and p< 0.05, respectively) to the NLGN1 promoter, and cytosine methylation (1.2305 ± 0.1482/1.2554 ± 0.3570 vs. 1.6578 ± 0.1818, p< 0.01) at the NLGN1 promoter in the hippocampus of AD mice. T10 and T4 increased the level of acetylated histone H3 (0.7733 ± 0.1611/0.8241 ± 0.0964 vs. 0.5587 ± 0.0925, p< 0.01) at the NLGN1 promoter in the hippocampus of AD mice. Conclusions: T10 and T4 may increase hippocampal NLGN1 expression in AD mice through epigenetic mechanisms, providing a new explanation for the mechanism underlying the protective effects of T10 and T4 on synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Lu
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Baolin Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Yu
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Wan
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cheng Lü
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Dufort-Gervais J, Mongrain V, Brouillette J. Bidirectional relationships between sleep and amyloid-beta in the hippocampus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 160:108-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Wang L, Zhang R, Hou X, Wang C, Guo S, Ning N, Sun C, Yuan Y, Li L, Hölscher C, Wang X. DA-JC1 improves learning and memory by antagonizing Aβ31-35-induced circadian rhythm disorder. Mol Brain 2019; 12:14. [PMID: 30744651 PMCID: PMC6371467 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that a normal circadian rhythm is crucial to learning and memory. Circadian rhythm disturbances that occur at early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) aggravate the progression of the disease and further reduce learning and memory in AD patients. The novel, dual GLP-1R/GIPR agonist DA-JC1 has been found to exert a stronger hypoglycemic effect than a GLP-1R agonist alone and has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects. However, it is not clear whether DA-JC1 improves the Aβ31–35-induced decline in learning and memory ability by restoring disrupted circadian rhythms. In the present study, we carried out a mouse wheel-running experiment and Morris water maze test (MWM) and found that DA-JC1 could effectively improve the decline of learning and memory and circadian rhythm disorders induced by Aβ31–35. After downregulating Per2 expression via lentivirus-shPer2 in the hippocampus and the hippocampal HT22 cells, we found that circadian rhythm disorders occurred, and that DA-JC1 could not improve the impaired learning and memory. These results suggest that DA-JC1 improves damage to learning and memory by antagonizing circadian rhythm disorders induced by Aβ31–35. The outcome of this ongoing study may provide a novel therapeutic intervention for AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changtu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Chronobiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Ning
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Laboratory of Morphology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Biomedical and Life Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory of Chronobiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory of Morphology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
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Yamada Y, Prosser RA. Copper in the suprachiasmatic circadian clock: A possible link between multiple circadian oscillators. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 51:47-70. [PMID: 30269387 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is very robust, able to coordinate our daily physiological and behavioral rhythms with exquisite accuracy. Simultaneously, the SCN clock is highly sensitive to environmental timing cues such as the solar cycle. This duality of resiliency and sensitivity may be sustained in part by a complex intertwining of three cellular oscillators: transcription/translation, metabolic/redox, and membrane excitability. We suggest here that one of the links connecting these oscillators may be forged from copper (Cu). Cellular Cu levels are highly regulated in the brain and peripherally, and Cu affects cellular metabolism, redox state, cell signaling, and transcription. We have shown that both Cu chelation and application induce nighttime phase shifts of the SCN clock in vitro and that these treatments affect glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, and associated signaling processes differently. More recently we found that Cu induces mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent phase shifts, while the mechanisms by which Cu removal induces phase shifts remain unclear. Lastly, we have found that two Cu transporters are expressed in the SCN, and that one of these transporters (ATP7A) exhibits a day/night rhythm. Our results suggest that Cu homeostasis is tightly regulated in the SCN, and that changes in Cu levels may serve as a time cue for the circadian clock. We discuss these findings in light of the existing literature and current models of multiple coupled circadian oscillators in the SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, NeuroNET Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Rebecca A Prosser
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, NeuroNET Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
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18
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Abstract
Background Several immunological functions are dependent on circadian rhythms. However, there are still relatively few studies about circadian rhythms in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and 2D2 transgenic mice. We explore whether 2D2 mice have abnormalities in circadian rhythms and the potential underlying molecular mechanism. Material/Methods We first observed the wheel-running motion of the control and 2D2 mice using wheel-running measurements. The cytokine levels were also analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the results of clock gene expressions in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Results The wheel-running rhythm in 2D2 mice differed from that of the controls. The TNF-α and IL-10 rhythms were disrupted in 2D2 mice. Additionally, the rhythm of the clock genes, Per1 and Per2, and expression in the SCN of 2D2 mice were also changed. Conclusions The results presented here indicate that alteration of circadian rhythms in 2D2 mice affects behavior and immune function, and the potential molecular mechanism might be the Per1 and Per2 expression disorders in the SCN. 2D2 mice might be a suitable model for studying circadian disruption in NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Xue
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiuli Cao
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Meini Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
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Wallace E, Wright S, Schoenike B, Roopra A, Rho JM, Maganti RK. Altered circadian rhythms and oscillation of clock genes and sirtuin 1 in a model of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Epilepsia 2018; 59:1527-1539. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eli Wallace
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison WI USA
- Department of Neuroscience; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison WI USA
- Department of Neurology; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison WI USA
| | - Samantha Wright
- Department of Neurology; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison WI USA
| | - Barry Schoenike
- Department of Neuroscience; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison WI USA
| | - Avtar Roopra
- Department of Neuroscience; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison WI USA
| | - Jong M. Rho
- Departments of Pediatrics, Clinical Neurosciences, and Physiology & Pharmacology; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute; Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Rama K. Maganti
- Department of Neurology; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison WI USA
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