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Vargas Y, Parra-Montes de Oca M, Sánchez-Jaramillo E, Jaimes-Hoy L, Sánchez-Islas E, Uribe RM, Joseph-Bravo P, Charli JL. Sex-dependent and -independent regulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone expression in the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus by negative energy balance, exercise, and chronic stress. Brain Res 2022; 1796:148083. [PMID: 36108782 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH) is part of the brain circuits that modulate organism responses to the circadian cycle, energy balance, and psychological stress. A large group of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (Trh) neurons is localized in the DMH; they comprise about one third of the DMH neurons that project to the lateral hypothalamus area (LH). We tested their response to various paradigms. In male Wistar rats, food restriction during adulthood, or chronic variable stress (CVS) during adolescence down-regulated adult DMH Trh mRNA levels compared to those in sedentary animals fed ad libitum; two weeks of voluntary wheel running during adulthood enhanced DMH Trh mRNA levels compared to pair-fed rats. Except for their magnitude, female responses to exercise were like those in male rats; in contrast, in female rats CVS did not change DMH Trh mRNA levels. A very strong negative correlation between DMH Trh mRNA levels and serum corticosterone concentration in rats of either sex was lost in CVS rats. CVS canceled the response to food restriction, but not that to exercise in either sex. TRH receptor 1 (Trhr) cells were numerous along the rostro-caudal extent of the medial LH. In either sex, fasting during adulthood reduced DMH Trh mRNA levels, and increased LH Trhr mRNA levels, suggesting fasting may inhibit the activity of TRHDMH->LH neurons. Thus, in Wistar rats DMH Trh mRNA levels are regulated by negative energy balance, exercise and chronic variable stress through sex-dependent and -independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamili Vargas
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Marco Parra-Montes de Oca
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Edith Sánchez-Jaramillo
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Molecular, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Lorraine Jaimes-Hoy
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Sánchez-Islas
- Departamento de Neuromorfología Funcional, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Uribe
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Patricia Joseph-Bravo
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Jean-Louis Charli
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
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Sari DK, Ichwan M, Masyithah D, Dharmajaya R, Khatib A. Sex Differences in Neuropeptide Y Serum, But Not in Fat Intake and Body Mass Index. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
One’s appetite has a role in controlling food intake and maintaining energy balance, but its effect on body metabolism related to obesity is still questionable. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of neuropeptide Y in healthy people and to see differences in gender and anthropometric parameters. The hypothesis of this study was that there would be differences in neuropeptide Y levels in groups with gender and anthropometric parameter differences.
Methods:
This study was a cross-sectional study involving 62 study subjects, male and female, who did not have chronic diseases or metabolic disorders. This research was conducted from April to September 2020. The parameters examined in this study were neuropeptide Y levels and anthropometric parameters. The statistical analysis performed was the Mann–Whitney test to see the differences between groups.
Results:
The mean age of the research subjects was 40.48 ± 10.85 years, with the same ethnic distribution. The distribution of men and women was more women than men. Based on anthropometric examination, it was found that obesity nutritional status was more common in the female group than in the male group; however, serum neuropeptide Y levels were found to be significantly different between male and female groups (male group was higher) which were mean±standard deviation: 348.37±330.09 ng/L, p=0.036.
Conclusions: The study found significant differences in serum neuropeptide Y levels in male and female groups, with neuropeptide Y levels being higher in men than in women.
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Vishnyakova PA, Moiseev KY, Porseva VV, Pankrasheva LG, Budnik AF, Nozdrachev AD, Masliukov PM. Somatostatin-Expressing Neurons in the Tuberal Region of Rat Hypothalamus during Aging. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021060247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Porseva VV, Levshin NY, Moiseev KY, Pankrasheva LG, Baranov AA, Pavlov AV, Nozdrachev AD, Masliukov PM. Let-7a, mir-9, mir-132, and mir-218 microRNA Expression in the Dorsomedial and Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nuclei during Aging in Rats. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s207905702104010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Vishnyakova PA, Moiseev KY, Spirichev AA, Emanuilov AI, Nozdrachev AD, Masliukov PM. Expression of calbindin and calretinin in the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei during aging. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:1094-1104. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Polina A. Vishnyakova
- Department of Normal Physiology and Biophysics Yaroslavl State Medical University Yaroslavl Russia
| | - Konstantin Yu. Moiseev
- Department of Normal Physiology and Biophysics Yaroslavl State Medical University Yaroslavl Russia
| | - Andrey A. Spirichev
- Department of Normal Physiology and Biophysics Yaroslavl State Medical University Yaroslavl Russia
| | - Andrey I. Emanuilov
- Department of Normal Physiology and Biophysics Yaroslavl State Medical University Yaroslavl Russia
| | | | - Petr M. Masliukov
- Department of Normal Physiology and Biophysics Yaroslavl State Medical University Yaroslavl Russia
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Sex differences in behavioral and metabolic effects of gene inactivation: The neuropeptide Y and Y receptors in the brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:333-347. [PMID: 33045245 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain and gonadal hormones interplay controls metabolic and behavioral functions in a sex-related manner. However, most translational neuroscience research related to animal models of endocrine and psychiatric disorders are often carried out in male animals only. The Neuropeptide Y (NPY) system shows sex-dependent differences and is sensitive to gonadal steroids. Based on published data from our and other laboratories, in this review we will discuss the sex related differences of NPY action on energy balance, bone homeostasis and behavior in rodents with the genetic manipulation of genes encoding NPY and its Y1, Y2 and Y5 cognate receptors. Comparative analyses of the phenotype of transgenic and knockout NPY and Y receptor rodents unravels sex dependent differences in the functions of this neurotransmission system, potentially helping to develop therapeutics for a variety of sex-related disorders including metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis and ethanol addiction.
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Becerril S, Rodríguez A, Catalán V, Ramírez B, Unamuno X, Portincasa P, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G. Functional Relationship between Leptin and Nitric Oxide in Metabolism. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092129. [PMID: 31500090 PMCID: PMC6769456 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, the product of the ob gene, was originally described as a satiety factor, playing a crucial role in the control of body weight. Nevertheless, the wide distribution of leptin receptors in peripheral tissues supports that leptin exerts pleiotropic biological effects, consisting of the modulation of numerous processes including thermogenesis, reproduction, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, osteogenesis, neuroendocrine, and immune functions as well as arterial pressure control. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical synthesized from L-arginine by the action of the NO synthase (NOS) enzyme. Three NOS isoforms have been identified: the neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) constitutive isoforms, and the inducible NOS (iNOS). NO mediates multiple biological effects in a variety of physiological systems such as energy balance, blood pressure, reproduction, immune response, or reproduction. Leptin and NO on their own participate in multiple common physiological processes, with a functional relationship between both factors having been identified. The present review describes the functional relationship between leptin and NO in different physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Xabier Unamuno
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Medical Engineering Laboratory, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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Shi Z, Cassaglia PA, Pelletier NE, Brooks VL. Sex differences in the sympathoexcitatory response to insulin in obese rats: role of neuropeptide Y. J Physiol 2019; 597:1757-1775. [PMID: 30628058 DOI: 10.1113/jp277517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Intracerebroventricular insulin increased sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and baroreflex control of SNA and heart rate more dramatically in obese male rats; in obese females, the responses were abolished. In obese males, the enhanced lumbar SNA (LSNA) responses were associated with reduced tonic inhibition of LSNA by neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the PVN. However, PVN NPY injection decreased LSNA similarly in obesity prone/obesity resistant/control rats. Collectively, these results suggest that NPY inputs were decreased. In obese females, NPY inhibition in the PVN was maintained. Moreover, NPY neurons in the arcuate nucleus became resistant to the inhibitory effects of insulin. A high-fat diet did not alter arcuate NPY neuronal InsR expression in males or females. Obesity-induced 'selective sensitization' of the brain to the sympathoexcitatory effects of insulin and leptin may contribute to elevated basal SNA, and therefore hypertension development, in males with obesity. These data may explain in part why obesity increases SNA less in women compared to men. ABSTRACT Obesity increases sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in men but not women; however, the mechanisms are unknown. We investigated whether intracerebroventricular insulin infusion increases SNA more in obese male than female rats and if sex differences are mediated by changes in tonic inhibition of SNA by neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). When consuming a high-fat diet, obesity prone (OP) rats accrued excess fat, whereas obesity resistant (OR) rats maintained adiposity as in rats eating a control (CON) diet. Insulin increased lumbar SNA (LSNA) similarly in CON/OR males and females under urethane anaesthesia. The LSNA response was magnified in OP males but abolished in OP females. In males, blockade of PVN NPY Y1 receptors with BIBO3304 increased LSNA in CON/OR rats but not OP rats. Yet, PVN nanoinjections of NPY decreased LSNA similarly between groups. Thus, tonic PVN NPY inhibition of LSNA may be lost in obese males as a result of a decrease in NPY inputs. By contrast, in females, PVN BIBO3304 increased LSNA similarly in OP, OR and CON rats. After insulin, PVN BIBO3304 failed to increase LSNA in CON/OR females but increased LSNA in OP females, suggesting that with obesity NPY neurons become resistant to the inhibitory effects of insulin. These sex differences were not associated with changes in arcuate NPY neuronal insulin receptor expression. Collectively, these data reveal a marked sex difference in the impact of obesity on the sympathoexcitatory actions of insulin and implicate sexually dimorphic changes in NPY inhibition of SNA in the PVN as one mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Priscila A Cassaglia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nicole E Pelletier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Virginia L Brooks
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Neurobiological characteristics underlying metabolic differences between males and females. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 176:18-32. [PMID: 30194984 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is the main integrating center for metabolic control. Our understanding of how hypothalamic circuits function to control appetite and energy expenditure has increased dramatically in recent years, due to the rapid rise in the incidence of obesity and the search for effective treatments. Increasing evidence indicates that these treatments will most likely differ between males and females. Indeed, sex differences in metabolism have been demonstrated at various levels, including in two of the most studied neuronal populations involved in metabolic control: the anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin neurons and the orexigenic neuropeptide Y/Agouti-related protein neurons. Here we review what is known to date regarding the sex differences in these two neuronal populations, as well as other neuronal populations involved in metabolic control and glial cells.
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Euclydes VLV, Castro NP, Lima LR, Brito C, Ribeiro L, Simões FA, Requena G, Luzia LA, Rondó PH. Cord blood concentrations of leptin, zinc-α2-glycoprotein, and adiponectin, and adiposity gain during the first 3 mo of life. Nutrition 2018; 54:89-93. [PMID: 29758496 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adipose tissue development starts in intrauterine life and cytokines are involved in this process. Therefore, understanding the role of cytokines in the fat mass gain of infants is crucial to prevent obesity later in life. Furthermore, recent evidence indicates a sex-specific link between cytokines and adipose tissue development. The objective of this study was to assess sex-specific relationships of cord blood concentrations of the cytokines leptin, zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), and adiponectin with infant adiposity during the first 3 mo of life. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of 104 mother-infant pairs that were selected from a maternity hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Cord blood leptin, ZAG, and adiponectin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The body composition of the infants was assessed monthly by air displacement plethysmography. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted with the average fat mass gain from birth to the third month of life as the outcome and cord blood leptin, ZAG, and adiponectin as the variables of interest. RESULTS Leptin was inversely associated with fat mass gain in the first 3 mo of life (P = 0.003; adjusted R2 = 0.09). There were inverse associations of leptin (P = 0.021), ZAG (P = 0.042), and maternal body mass index (P = 0.04) with fat mass gain in girls (adjusted R2 = 0.29) but fat mass gain in boys was positively associated with gestational age (P = 0.01; adjusted R2 = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that adiposity programming is sex-specific, which highlights the need to investigate the different metabolic mechanisms that are involved in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica L V Euclydes
- Postgraduate Program in Applied Human Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia P Castro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lourdes R Lima
- Laboratory of Immunology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cyro Brito
- Laboratory of Immunology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laisa Ribeiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Agapito Simões
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guaraci Requena
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liania Alves Luzia
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Helen Rondó
- Postgraduate Program in Applied Human Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Potential role of gender specific effect of leptin receptor deficiency in an extended consanguineous family with severe early-onset obesity. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 61:465-467. [PMID: 29545012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Congenital Leptin receptor (LEPR) deficiency is a rare genetic cause of early-onset morbid obesity characterised by severe early onset obesity, major hyperphagia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and immune and neuroendocrine/metabolic dysfunction. We identified a homozygous loss-of-function mutation, NM_002303.5:c.464 T > G; p.(Tyr155*), in the LEPR in an extended consanguineous family with multiple individuals affected by early-onset severe obesity and hyperphagia. Interestingly, the LEPR-deficient adult females have extremely high body mass index (BMI) with hypogonadal infertility, the BMI of the affected males began to decline around the onset of puberty (13-15 years) with fertility being preserved. These findings lead to the speculation that LEPR deficiency may have a gender-specific effect on the regulation of body weight. In order to elucidate gender-specific effects of LEPR deficiency on reproduction further investigations are needed. The limitations of this study are that our conclusion is based on observations of two males and two females. Further LEPR deficient males and females are required for comparison in order to support this finding more confidently.
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12
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Melcangi RC, Panzica GC. Neuroactive steroids and metabolic axis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 48:1-2. [PMID: 29146109 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R C Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - G C Panzica
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze "Rita Levi Montalcini", Università degli Studi di Torino, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
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13
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Shi Z, Madden CJ, Brooks VL. Arcuate neuropeptide Y inhibits sympathetic nerve activity via multiple neuropathways. J Clin Invest 2017. [PMID: 28628036 PMCID: PMC5490747 DOI: 10.1172/jci92008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) via activation of proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ArcN), and this action requires simultaneous withdrawal of tonic neuropeptide Y (NPY) sympathoinhibition. However, the sites and neurocircuitry by which NPY decreases SNA are unclear. Here, using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) to selectively activate or inhibit ArcN NPY neurons expressing agouti-related peptide (AgRP) in mice, we have demonstrated that this neuronal population tonically suppresses splanchnic SNA (SSNA), arterial pressure, and heart rate via projections to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH). First, we found that ArcN NPY/AgRP fibers closely appose PVN and DMH presympathetic neurons. Second, nanoinjections of NPY or an NPY receptor Y1 (NPY1R) antagonist into PVN or DMH decreased or increased SSNA, respectively. Third, blockade of DMH NPY1R reversed the sympathoinhibition elicited by selective, DREADD-mediated activation of ArcN NPY/AgRP neurons. Finally, stimulation of ArcN NPY/AgRP terminal fields in the PVN and DMH decreased SSNA. Considering that chronic obesity decreases ArcN NPY content, we propose that the ArcN NPY neuropathway to the PVN and DMH is pivotal in obesity-induced elevations in SNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Christopher J Madden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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