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Jiang L, Sun XY, Wang SQ, Liu YL, Lu LJ, Wu WH, Zhi H, Wang ZY, Liu XD, Liu L. Indoxyl sulphate-TNFα axis mediates uremic encephalopathy in rodent acute kidney injury. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1406-1424. [PMID: 38589687 PMCID: PMC11192958 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often accompanied by uremic encephalopathy resulting from accumulation of uremic toxins in brain possibly due to impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Anionic uremic toxins are substrates or inhibitors of organic anionic transporters (OATs). In this study we investigated the CNS behaviors and expression/function of BBB OAT3 in AKI rats and mice, which received intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin 8 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. We showed that cisplatin treatment significantly inhibited the expressions of OAT3, synaptophysin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), impaired locomotor and exploration activities, and increased accumulation of uremic toxins in the brain of AKI rats and mice. In vitro studies showed that uremic toxins neither alter OAT3 expression in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, nor synaptophysin and MAP2 expressions in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. In contrast, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and the conditioned medium (CM) from RAW264.7 cells treated with indoxyl sulfate (IS) significantly impaired OAT3 expression. TNFα and CM from IS-treated BV-2 cells also inhibited synaptophysin and MAP2 expressions in SH-SY5Y cells. The alterations caused by TNFα and CMs in vitro, and by AKI and TNFα in vivo were abolished by infliximab, a monoclonal antibody designed to intercept and neutralize TNFα, suggesting that AKI impaired the expressions of OAT3, synaptophysin and MAP2 in the brain via IS-induced TNFα release from macrophages or microglia (termed as IS-TNFα axis). Treatment of mice with TNFα (0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.p. for 3 days) significantly increased p-p65 expression and reduced the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1. Inhibiting NF-κB pathway, silencing p65, or activating Nrf2 and HO-1 obviously attenuated TNFα-induced downregulation of OAT3, synaptophysin and MAP2 expressions. Significantly increased p-p65 and decreased Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels were also detected in brain of AKI mice and rats. We conclude that AKI inhibits the expressions of OAT3, synaptophysin and MAP2 due to IS-induced TNFα release from macrophages or microglia. TNFα impairs the expressions of OAT3, synaptophysin and MAP2 partly via activating NF-κB pathway and inhibiting Nrf2-HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xue-Ying Sun
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Si-Qian Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan-Lin Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ling-Jue Lu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wen-Han Wu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hao Zhi
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhong-Yan Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Asadi nejad H, Yousefi Nejad A, Akbari S, Naseh M, Shid Moosavi SM, Haghani M. The low and high doses administration of lutein improves memory and synaptic plasticity impairment through different mechanisms in a rat model of vascular dementia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302850. [PMID: 38748711 PMCID: PMC11095768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Vascular dementia (VD) is a common type of dementia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low and high doses of lutein administration in bilateral-carotid vessel occlusion (2VO) rats. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The rats were divided into the following groups: the control, sham-, vehicle (2VO+V) groups, and two groups after 2VO were treated with lutein 0.5 (2VO+LUT-o.5) and 5mg/kg (2VO+LUT-5). The passive-avoidance and Morris water maze were performed to examine fear and spatial memory. The field-potential recording was used to investigate the properties of basal synaptic transmission (BST), paired-pulse ratio (PPR), as an index for measurement of neurotransmitter release, and long-term potentiation (LTP). The hippocampus was removed to evaluate hippocampal cells, volume, and MDA level. RESULT Treatment with low and high doses improves spatial memory and LTP impairment in VD rats, but only the high dose restores the fear memory, hippocampal cell loss, and volume and MDA level. Interestingly, low-dose, but not high-dose, increased PPR. However, BST recovered only in the high-dose treated group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with a low dose might affect neurotransmitter release probability, but a high dose affects postsynaptic processes. It seems likely that low and high doses improve memory and LTP through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Asadi nejad
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Yousefi Nejad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine Islamic Azad University of Kazeroon, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Akbari
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Naseh
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Haghani
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Akbari S, Haghani M, Ghobadi M, Hooshmandi E, Haghighi AB, Salehi MS, Pandamooz S, Azarpira N, Afshari A, Zabihi S, Nemati M, Bayat M. Combination Therapy with Platelet-Rich Plasma and Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cells Increases Treatment Efficacy in Vascular Dementia. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:3784843. [PMID: 38146481 PMCID: PMC10749736 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3784843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and treatment mechanism of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and neural crest-derived epidermal stem cells (ESCs) in their administration alone and combination in vascular dementia (VaD) model by two-vessel occlusion (2VO). Methods. Sixty-six rats were divided into six groups: the control, sham, 2VO + vehicle, 2VO + PRP, 2VO + ESC, and 2VO + ESC + PRP. The treated groups received 1 million cells on days 4, 14, and 21 with or without 500 µl PRP (twice a week) after 2VO. The memory performance and anxiety were evaluated by behavioral tests including open field, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze. The basal-synaptic transmission (BST) and long-term potentiation (LTP) were assessed through field-potential recordings of the CA1. The mRNA expression levels of IGF-1, TGF-β1, PSD-95, and GSk-3β were measured in the rat hippocampus by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results. The results demonstrated impaired learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity in the 2VO rats, along with a significant decrease in the expression of IGF-1, TGF-β1, PSD-95, and upregulation of GSK-3β. Treatment with ESC alone and ESC + PRP showed similar improvements in spatial memory and LTP induction, with associated upregulation of PSD-95 and downregulation of GSK-3β. However, only the ESC + PRP group showed recovery in BST. Furthermore, combination therapy was more effective than PRP monotherapy for LTP and memory. Conclusions. The transplantation of ESC showed better effects than PRP alone, and combination therapy increased the treatment efficacy with the recovery of BST. This finding may be a clue for the combination therapy of ESC and PRP for VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Akbari
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Haghani
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ghobadi
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Etrat Hooshmandi
- Clinical Neurology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Shiraz Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsoon Afshari
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Zabihi
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nemati
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bayat
- Clinical Neurology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Hooshmandi E, Akbari S, Pandamooz S, Ghobadi M, Ghasemi R, Maghsoudi N, Rai SN, Borhani-Haghighi A, Salehi MS, Azarpira N, YousefiNejad A, Haghani M, Bayat M. Combined use of hair follicle stem cells and CEPO (carbamylated erythropoietin)-Fc in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: A behavioral, electrophysiological, and molecular study. Behav Brain Res 2023; 454:114655. [PMID: 37666305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dementia, synaptic dysfunction appears before neuronal loss. Stem cell therapy could potentially provide a promising strategy for the treatment of dementia models. The carbamylated erythropoietin fusion protein (CEPO-Fc) has shown synaptotrophic effects. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of the combined use of hair follicle stem cells (HFSC) and CEPO-Fc in the basal synaptic transmission (BST) and long-term plasticity (LTP) of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) rats. METHODS We divided 64 adult rats into control, sham, CCH+vehicle, CCH+CEPO, CCH+HFSC, and CCH+HFSC+CEPO groups. The CEPO-Fc was injected three times/week for 30 days. HFSC transplantation was done on days 4, 14, and 21 after surgery. The Morris water maze test and passive avoidance were used to assess memory. BST and LTP were assessed by a field-potential recording of the CA1 region. The hippocampal mRNA expression of IGF-1, TGF-β1, β1-Catenine, NR2B, PSD-95, and GSk-3β was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Following combination therapy, spatial memory retention, and BST showed significant improvement relative to HFSC and CEPO-Fc groups. These effects were also confirmed by recovered mRNA expression of β1-catenin, TGF-β1, and NR2B. GSK-3β expression was downregulated in all treatment groups. The upregulated PSD-95 was identified in HFSC and combination groups compared to the vehicle group. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the combined use of HFSC and CEPO-Fc may be more advantageous for treating memory disruption in the CCH model than CEPO-Fc or HFSC alone. This type of combination therapy may hopefully lead to a new approach to treatment for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etrat Hooshmandi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Somayeh Akbari
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ghobadi
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Neurophysiology Research Center and Physiology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nader Maghsoudi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Afshin Borhani-Haghighi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Mohammad Rasoul-Allah Research Tower, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Amirhossein YousefiNejad
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Masoud Haghani
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bayat
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Min J, Chen Q, Pan M, Liu T, Gu Q, Zhang D, Sun R. Butylphthalide improves brain damage induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury rats through Nrf2/HO-1 and NOD2/MAPK/NF-κB pathways. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2259234. [PMID: 37732403 PMCID: PMC10515692 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2259234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury leads to irreversible brain damage with serious consequences. Activation of oxidative stress and release of inflammatory mediators are considered potential pathological mechanisms. Butylphthalide (NBP) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on I/R injuries. However, it is unclear whether NBP can effectively mitigate renal I/R secondary to brain injury as well as its mechanism, which are the aims of this study. Both renal I/R injury rats and oxygen and glucose deprivation cell models were established and pre-intervened NBP. The Morris water maze assay was used to detect behavior. Hippocampal histopathology and function were examined after renal I/R. Apoptosis and tube-forming capacity of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) were tested. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to measure protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway and NOD-like receptor C2 (NOD2)/Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. NBP treatment attenuated renal I/R-induced brain tissue damage and learning and memory dysfunction. NBP treatment inhibited apoptosis and promoted blood-brain barrier restoration and microangiogenesis. Also, it decreased oxidative stress levels and pro-inflammatory factor expression in renal I/R rats. Furthermore, NBP enhanced BMVECs' viability and tube-forming capacity while inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress. Notably, the alleviating effects of NBP were attributed to Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation and NOD2/MAPK/NF-κB inhibition. This study demonstrates that NBP maintains BBB function by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting the NOD2/MAPK/NF-κB pathway to suppress inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby alleviating renal I/R-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Min
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Mengxiong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Tan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Qun Gu
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Ru Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
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Conroy AL, Datta D, Opoka RO, Batte A, Bangirana P, Gopinadhan A, Mellencamp KA, Akcan-Arikan A, Idro R, John CC. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers provide evidence for kidney-brain axis involvement in cerebral malaria pathogenesis. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1177242. [PMID: 37200952 PMCID: PMC10185839 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1177242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cerebral malaria is one of the most severe manifestations of malaria and is a leading cause of acquired neurodisability in African children. Recent studies suggest acute kidney injury (AKI) is a risk factor for brain injury in cerebral malaria. The present study evaluates potential mechanisms of brain injury in cerebral malaria by evaluating changes in cerebrospinal fluid measures of brain injury with respect to severe malaria complications. Specifically, we attempt to delineate mechanisms of injury focusing on blood-brain-barrier integrity and acute metabolic changes that may underlie kidney-brain crosstalk in severe malaria. Methods We evaluated 30 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and brain injury in 168 Ugandan children aged 18 months to 12 years hospitalized with cerebral malaria. Eligible children were infected with Plasmodium falciparum and had unexplained coma. Acute kidney injury (AKI) on admission was defined using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. We further evaluated blood-brain-barrier integrity and malaria retinopathy, and electrolyte and metabolic complications in serum. Results The mean age of children was 3.8 years (SD, 1.9) and 40.5% were female. The prevalence of AKI was 46.3% and multi-organ dysfunction was common with 76.2% of children having at least one organ system affected in addition to coma. AKI and elevated blood urea nitrogen, but not other measures of disease severity (severe coma, seizures, jaundice, acidosis), were associated with increases in CSF markers of impaired blood-brain-barrier function, neuronal injury (neuron-specific enolase, tau), excitatory neurotransmission (kynurenine), as well as altered nitric oxide bioavailability and oxidative stress (p < 0.05 after adjustment for multiple testing). Further evaluation of potential mechanisms suggested that AKI may mediate or be associated with CSF changes through blood-brain-barrier disruption (p = 0.0014), ischemic injury seen by indirect ophthalmoscopy (p < 0.05), altered osmolality (p = 0.0006) and through alterations in the amino acids transported into the brain. Conclusion In children with cerebral malaria, there is evidence of kidney-brain injury with multiple potential pathways identified. These changes were specific to the kidney and not observed in the context of other clinical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Conroy
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Dibyadyuti Datta
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Robert O. Opoka
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Global Health Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
- Undergraduate Medical Education, The Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anthony Batte
- Global Health Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
- Child Health and Development Centre, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Bangirana
- Global Health Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Adnan Gopinadhan
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kagan A. Mellencamp
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ayse Akcan-Arikan
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Richard Idro
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Global Health Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chandy C. John
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Naseh M, Bayat M, Akbari S, Vatanparast J, Shabani M, Haghighi AB, Haghani M. Neuroprotective effects of sodium valproate on hippocampal cell and volume, and cognitive function in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Physiol Behav 2022; 251:113806. [PMID: 35417732 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Valproate (VPA) as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor has shown neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases. This study evaluated whether VPA treatment ameliorated the synaptic plasticity dysfunction, hippocampal neuronal loss, and spatial memory deficits induced by cerebral ischemia in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups control, sham, cerebral ischemia+vehicle (MCAO+V), and MCAO+VPA. The right common carotid artery was occluded for 1 hour. VPA (300 mg/kg) or vehicles were injected intraperitoneally on days 0,1,2 and 3 of the reperfusion. After 7 days of reperfusion the Morris water maze, passive avoidance, and open field tests were performed. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the CA1 area was recorded by field potential recording. We used the term neuronal Input-Output (I/O) function and paired-pulse ratio (PPR) to refer to basal synaptic transmission and presynaptic neurotransmitter release probability respectively. After that, the brains were removed for assaying stereological parameters of the CA1 neurons. Our results showed the VPA administration significantly reduced the total infarct volume, improved MCAO-induced spatial learning -memory, fear memory, and anxiety compared to the MCAO+V group. In addition, the field potential recording showed that VPA significantly ameliorated the impaired the long- term potentiation (LTP) induced by MCAO, without any effects on basal synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter release probability. Therefore, it seems that a decrease in total infarct volume and induction of long-term potentiation via postsynaptic mechanisms is responsible for improving MCAO-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Naseh
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bayat
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Akbari
- Department of Physiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Vatanparast
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Haghani
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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8
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Wang Y, Liu S, Liu Q, Lv Y. The Interaction of Central Nervous System and Acute Kidney Injury: Pathophysiology and Clinical Perspectives. Front Physiol 2022; 13:826686. [PMID: 35309079 PMCID: PMC8931545 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.826686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common disorder in critically ill hospitalized patients. Its main pathological feature is the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This disease shows a high fatality rate. The reason is that only renal replacement therapy and supportive care can reduce the impact of the disease, but those measures cannot significantly improve the mortality. This review focused on a generalization of the interaction between acute kidney injury and the central nervous system (CNS). It was found that the CNS further contributes to kidney injury by regulating sympathetic outflow and oxidative stress in response to activation of the RAS and increased pro-inflammatory factors. Experimental studies suggested that inhibiting sympathetic activity and RAS activation in the CNS and blocking oxidative stress could effectively reduce the damage caused by AKI. Therefore, it is of significant interest to specify the mechanism on how the CNS affects AKI, as we could use such mechanism as a target for clinical interventions to further reduce the mortality and improve the complications of AKI. Systematic Review Registration: [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [registration number].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qingquan Liu,
| | - Yongman Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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9
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Bayat M, Khalili A, Bayat G, Akbari S, Yousefi Nejad A, Borhani Haghighi A, Haghani M. Effects of platelet-rich plasma on the memory impairment, apoptosis, and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a rat model of hepatic encephalopathy. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2447. [PMID: 34855284 PMCID: PMC8785608 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the present study, we aimed to determine whether intraperitoneal injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) could have a neuroprotective effect on learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity impairment as well as hippocampal apoptosis in rats with hepatic encephalopathy induced by bile duct ligated (BDL). METHODS The rats were divided into four groups: the control, sham, BDL+ V (vehicle), and BDL+ PRP. The BDL rats were treated with PRP immediately after the surgery, and the injection was done every 3 days for 30 days. The passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests were used for the evaluation of learning and memory. The long-term potentiation (LTP), basal-synaptic transmission, and paired-pulse ratio, as an index for measurement of neurotransmitter release probability, were evaluated by field-potential recording. After taking a blood sample for assessment of the liver enzymes, the animals were sacrificed and their hippocampus was removed for evaluation of cleaved caspase-3 by Western blot. RESULTS Serological assessment of the liver function showed that BDL severely impaired the liver function. Also, PRP treatment could partially improve the liver dysfunction along with recovery in fear memory and spatial learning memory performance, LTP, basal-synaptic transmission, and neurotransmitter release probability. PRP-treated rats also showed a significant reduction in neuronal apoptosis in the CA1 area. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that PRP improves cognitive performance and synaptic plasticity in BDL rats via direct neuroprotective property and/or indirectly by improvement of hepatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Bayat
- Clinical Neurology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Khalili
- Department of Physiology-Pharmacology-Medical Physic, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bayat
- Department of Physiology-Pharmacology-Medical Physic, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Somayeh Akbari
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Yousefi Nejad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Kazeroon, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Haghani
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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10
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Pande CK, Smith MB, Soranno DE, Gist KM, Fuhrman DY, Dolan K, Conroy AL, Akcan-Arikan A. The Neglected Price of Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury: Non-renal Implications. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:893993. [PMID: 35844733 PMCID: PMC9279899 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.893993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical models and emerging translational data suggest that acute kidney injury (AKI) has far reaching effects on all other major organ systems in the body. Common in critically ill children and adults, AKI is independently associated with worse short and long term morbidity, as well as mortality, in these vulnerable populations. Evidence exists in adult populations regarding the impact AKI has on life course. Recently, non-renal organ effects of AKI have been highlighted in pediatric AKI survivors. Given the unique pediatric considerations related to somatic growth and neurodevelopmental consequences, pediatric AKI has the potential to fundamentally alter life course outcomes. In this article, we highlight the challenging and complex interplay between AKI and the brain, heart, lungs, immune system, growth, functional status, and longitudinal outcomes. Specifically, we discuss the biologic basis for how AKI may contribute to neurologic injury and neurodevelopment, cardiac dysfunction, acute lung injury, immunoparalysis and increased risk of infections, diminished somatic growth, worsened functional status and health related quality of life, and finally the impact on young adult health and life course outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna K Pande
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mallory B Smith
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Danielle E Soranno
- Section of Nephrology, Departments of Pediatrics, Bioengineering and Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Katja M Gist
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cioncinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Dana Y Fuhrman
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kristin Dolan
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Andrea L Conroy
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ayse Akcan-Arikan
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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11
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Akbari S, Hooshmandi E, Bayat M, Borhani Haghighi A, Salehi MS, Pandamooz S, Yousefi Nejad A, Haghani M. The neuroprotective properties and therapeutic potential of epidermal neural crest stem cells transplantation in a rat model of vascular dementia. Brain Res 2021; 1776:147750. [PMID: 34896332 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence rate of senile dementia is rising, and there is no definite cure for it yet. Cell therapy, as a new investigational approach, has shown promising results. Hair bulges with abundant easily accessible neural stem cells permit autologous implantation in irreversible neurodegenerative disorders. METHODS Fifty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of control, sham-operation, two-common carotid vessel-occlusion rats that received vehicle (2VO + V), 2VO rats that received 1 × 106 epidermal stem cells (2VO + ESC1), and 2VO rats that received 2.5 × 106 epidermal stem cells (2VO + ESC2) in 300 µl PBS intravenously on days 4, 9, and 14 after surgery. The epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSCs) were isolated from hair follicles of rat whiskers. The open-field, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze were used as behavioral tests. The basal-synaptic transmission, long-term potentiation (LTP), and short-term synaptic plasticity were evaluated by field-potential recording of the CA1 hippocampal area. RESULTS 30 days after the first transplantation in the 2VO + ESC1 group, functional recovery was prominent in anxiety and fear memory compared to the 2VO + ESC2 group, while LTP induction was recovered in both groups of grafted animals without improvement in basal synaptic transmission. These positive recoveries may be related to the release of different neurotrophic factors from grafted cells that can stimulate endogenous neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that EPI-NCSCs implantation could rescue LTP and cognitive disability in 2VO rats, while transplantation of 1 million cells showed better performance relative to 2.5 million cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Akbari
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Etrat Hooshmandi
- Clinical Neurology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bayat
- Clinical Neurology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Yousefi Nejad
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Islamic Azad University of Kazeroon, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Haghani
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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12
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Azarkish F, Armin F, Parvar AAA, Dehghani A. The influence of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury on remote organs: The histological brain changes in male and female rats. Brain Circ 2021; 7:194-200. [PMID: 34667903 PMCID: PMC8459688 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Brain tissue was adversely affected by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (renal IRI) in several studies. Moreover, we are awareness that kidney diseases are gender dependent, but there is not enough evidence of the impact of gender on renal IRI-induced brain injury. Hence, this study was designed to investigate gender differences in renal IRI-induced brain tissue injury in adult rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty Wistar rats (four groups) include two main groups (20 male and 20 female). Each of them was divided into two subgroups including 1 and 2: male and female sham-operated groups and 3and 4: male and female ischemia (ISC) groups were exposed to renal ischemia for 45 min and then 24 h reperfusion (male and female ISC 24 h). Sham groups were exposed to surgery without ischemia process. After reperfusion time, blood samples were obtained for the renal function measurements. The kidney and brain were removed and were fixed in a 10% formalin solution for pathological assessment. The left kidney was used to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite. RESULTS: Renal IRI increased significantly levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, kidney weight, and damage score in both genders (P < 0.05). Furthermore, brain injuries were significantly higher following 24 h of reperfusion in male and female groups. Serum nitrite level and MDA concentration of female rats decreased significantly in ISC 24 h group (P < 0.05) but not in male rats. CONCLUSION: The brain tissue of both genders, male and female, is affected by renal IRI as a remote organ. Female sex hormones may indicate a protective role against IR by the nitric oxide pathway and antioxidant signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Azarkish
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Fakhri Armin
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Ali Atash Ab Parvar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Aghdas Dehghani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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13
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Du Y, Ning JZ. MiR-182 Promotes Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rat by Targeting FoxO3. Urol Int 2021; 105:687-696. [PMID: 33965964 DOI: 10.1159/000515649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (RIRI) is the main cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients. We investigated the role of miR-182 after renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rat to characterize the microRNA (miRNA) network activated during development and recovery from RIRI. METHODS AND RESULTS 12 h after lethal (45 min) renal ischemia, AKI was verified by renal histology (tubular necrosis and regeneration), blood urea nitrogen level, and renal mRNA expression in Wistar rats. We found that miR-182 markedly increased after renal I/R. In cell hypoxia/reoxygenation model, we found similar upregulation of miR-182. In function gain/loss assay, we confirmed an impaired effect of miR-182 and identified Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) as a direct downstream target of it. By using miR-182 antagomir, the I/R injury was markedly ameliorated. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that miR-182 promotes cell apoptosis and I/R injury through directly binding to FoxO3. The present study will provide potential therapeutic targets for renal I/R-induced AKI, and open a new avenue for AKI treatment by manipulating miRNAs levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Zhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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14
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Bagheri Y, Aghajani S, Hosseinzadeh M, Hoshmandan F, Abdollahpour A, Vahed SZ. Protective effects of Gamma Oryzanol on distant organs after kidney ischemia-reperfusion in rats: A focus on liver protection. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:1022-1030. [PMID: 33325270 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120979014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the main clinical concern resulted from ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Ample clinical data indicates that AKI is associated with distant organ dysfunctions and poor patients' outcomes. Oxidative stress and inflammation have a critical role in the pathogenesis of organ injuries following IRI. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of Gamma Oryzanol (GO), extracted from rice bran oil, on distant organs in rats after IRI. METHODS Twelve out of 24 Wistar rats were treated by one dosage of GO (100mg/kg) 1 h before I/R induction through both oral gavage and intraperitoneal injection. Then, the AKI model rats were induced by IRI. Oxidative stress and antioxidant protein levels were assessed in the brain, heart, and liver tissues in the experimental groups. Furthermore, the effects of GO on IRI-induced liver dysfunction, apoptosis, and inflammation were measured by Western blot. RESULTS GO pretreatment could significantly restore the levels and activity of antioxidant proteins in the brain, heart, and liver tissues (P < 0.05). Moreover, GO pretreatment could decrease the inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the liver (P < 0.01). By reducing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and down-regulating caspase-3, GO could significantly diminish apoptosis in the liver tissue after the kidney I/R (P < 0.01). Additionally, GO could significantly diminish the deterioration of liver function in the kidney I/R model. CONCLUSION GO protects distant organs against renal IRI-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, it ameliorates liver function and remarkably exerts anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic roles in the liver as an important detoxifying organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Bagheri
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, 201583Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shadi Aghajani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 201583Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahla Hosseinzadeh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 201583Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farid Hoshmandan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 201583Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdollah Abdollahpour
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 201583Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Zununi Vahed
- Kidney Research Center, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Time-dependent effects of platelet-rich plasma on the memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity impairment in vascular dementia induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:299-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Saini N, Akhtar A, Chauhan M, Dhingra N, Pilkhwal Sah S. Protective effect of Indole-3-carbinol, an NF-κB inhibitor in experimental paradigm of Parkinson's disease: In silico and in vivo studies. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 90:108-137. [PMID: 32800927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, majorly with symptoms of motor dysfunction. Study was performed to explore the effect of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibitors against neurobehavioral abnormalities and neuroinflammation in PD. Cost effective in silico approaches of docking-based ligand -target complex predictions and optimal physicochemical properties were utilised to identify lead NF-κB inhibitor using database. Our studies revealed the potential hit Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) which was considered for the next phase, pharmacological validations. Intranigral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats is utilized as a neuroinflmmation model of PD. In the present study it caused an impairment in motor functions, its coordination, learning and memory as demonstrated in rotarod apparatus, beam balance test, open field test and Morris water maze test. Chronic administration of I3C for 21 days in intranigral LPS treated rats led to a significant improvement in motor functions, coordination, learning and memory which were associated with a decrease in the activity of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Further, it was found to inhibit NF-κB whose levels increased after LPS administration. Moreover, decreased levels of malondialdehyde and increased levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase were observed in cortex and striatum after I3C administration in LPS rats. These results suggest a possible neuroprotective effect of I3C via amelioration of LPS-induced behavioural alterations, oxidative damage and neuroinflammation which in turn is attributed to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory (NF-κB inhibition) property. The effect produced by I3C (50 mg/kg) was found to be comparable with levodopa-carbidopa combination (LD:CD) while, I3C (50 mg/kg) in combination with LD:CD exhibited a potentiating effect in improving motor impairments and cognitive deficit. The results thus depict I3C as a promising agent to delay neurodegeneration of the neurons in PD with improvement in motor functions and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neerja Saini
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ansab Akhtar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Monika Chauhan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Neelima Dhingra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Pan H, Li J, Zhou Q, Zhu F, He S. Protective Effects of PGC-1α on the Blood Brain Barrier After Acute Kidney Injury. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1086-1096. [PMID: 32060774 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption plays an important role in brain injury after acute kidney injury (AKI). However, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recent evidence has revealed that proper mitochondrial function is essential for BBB permeability. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a key factor in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. This study was designed to investigate the role of PGC-1α in BBB injury after AKI and its related mechanisms. Mice received recombinant adenovirus encoding murine PGC-1α (100 μl, 1.0 × 109PFU/ml) or vehicle 5 days before renal I/R or sham operation. Twenty-four hours after the operation, brain, kidney and serum samples were collected for assessments. We found that mice suffering from renal I/R injury showed decreased PGC-1α levels in both the kidney and BBB. PGC-1α transfection resulted in increased PGC-1α level and mitochondrial transcripts in BBB at 24 h after AKI. PGC-1α transfection improved renal function, systemic inflammation and BBB permeability via both the paracellular and transcellular pathways. Further study suggested that PGC-1α overexpression elevated fatty acid oxidation related gene expression. Our findings demonstrate the importance of PGC-1α in AKI-induced BBB injury and suggest that it could be a therapeutic target for BBB repair via the regulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junhua Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaodan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengming Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan He
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
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