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Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Recombinant Crotamine in Mouse Models of Pain. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100707. [PMID: 34679000 PMCID: PMC8538437 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Crotamine, a toxin found in the venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus, has been reported to have antinociceptive effects. We purified recombinant crotamine expressed in Escherichia coli and investigated its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects using the hot-plate test, acetic-acid-induced writhing method, and formalin test in mice. Recombinant crotamine was administered intraperitoneally (0.04–1.2 mg kg−1) or intraplantarly (0.9–7.5 μg 10 μL−1) before the tests. The paw volume was measured with a plethysmometer. To evaluate the antagonistic and anti-inflammatory effects of naloxone, subcutaneous naloxone (4 mg kg−1) or intraplantar naloxone (5 μg 10 μL−1) was administered before recombinant crotamine. For tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α assays, blood was drawn 3 h after formalin injection and measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intraperitoneal and intraplantar recombinant crotamine had antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, neither of which were affected by pre-treatment with naloxone. The mean serum TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the intraperitoneal recombinant crotamine (0.4 and 1.2 mg kg−1) or intraplantar (2.5 and 7.5 μg 10 μL−1) recombinant crotamine groups than in the saline group and were not affected by naloxone pre-treatment. In conclusion, recombinant crotamine possesses significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects that do not appear to be related to the opioid receptor. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of intraperitoneal or intraplantar recombinant crotamine are related to TNF-α.
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Kim K, Jeong W, Jun IG, Park JY. Antiallodynic and anti-inflammatory effects of intrathecal R-PIA in a rat model of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy. Korean J Anesthesiol 2020; 73:434-444. [PMID: 32046474 PMCID: PMC7533172 DOI: 10.4097/kja.19481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies investigating the correlation between spinal adenosine A1 receptors and vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) are limited. This study explored the role of intrathecal N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine R-(-)isomer (R-PIA) in the rat model of VIPN. Methods Vincristine (100 μg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered for 10 days (two 5-day cycles with a 2-day pause) and VIPN was induced in rats. Pain was assessed by evaluating mechanical hyperalgesia, mechanical dynamic allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, cold allodynia, and mechanical static allodynia. Biochemically, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured in the tissue from beneath the sciatic nerve. Results Vincristine administration resulted in the development of cold allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical dynamic allodynia, and mechanical static allodynia. Intrathecally administered R-PIA (1.0 and 3.0 μg/10 μl) reversed vincristine-induced neuropathic pain (cold and mechanical static allodynia). The attenuating effect peaked 15 min after intrathecal administration of R-PIA after which it decreased until 180 min. However, pretreatment with 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX, 10 μg/10 μl) 15 min before intrathecal R-PIA administration significantly attenuated the antiallodynic effect of R-PIA. This antiallodynic effect of intrathecal R-PIA may be mediated through adenosine A1 receptors in the spinal cord. Intrathecally administered R-PIA also attenuated vincristine-induced increases in TNF-α level and MPO activity. However, pretreatment with intrathecal DPCPX significantly reversed this attenuation. Conclusions These results suggest that intrathecally administered R-PIA attenuates cold and mechanical static allodynia in a rat model of VIPN, partially due to its anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmi Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonyeong Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Gu Jun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Yeon Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Feng JH, Lee HJ, Suh HW. The Molecular Signatures of Acute-immobilization-induced Antinociception and Chronic-immobilization-induced Antinociceptive Tolerance. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:670-678. [PMID: 31902155 PMCID: PMC6946116 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.6.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the productions of antinociception induced by acute and chronic immobilization stress were compared in several animal pain models. In the acute immobilization stress model (up to 1 hr immobilization), the antinociception was produced in writhing, tail-flick, and formalin-induced pain models. In chronic immobilization stress experiment, the mouse was enforced into immobilization for 1 hr/day for 3, 7, or 14 days, then analgesic tests were performed. The antinociceptive effect was gradually reduced after 3, 7 and 14 days of immobilization stress. To delineate the molecular mechanism involved in the antinociceptive tolerance development in the chronic stress model, the expressions of some signal molecules in dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal cord, hippocampus, and the hypothalamus were observed in acute and chronic immobilization models. The COX-2 in DRG, p-JNK, p-AMPKα1, and p-mTOR in the spinal cord, p-P38 in the hippocampus, and p-AMPKα1 in the hypothalamus were elevated in acute immobilization stress, but were reduced gradually after 3, 7 and 14 days of immobilization stress. Our results suggest that the chronic immobilization stress causes development of tolerance to the antinociception induced by acute immobilization stress. In addition, the COX-2 in DRG, p-JNK, p-AMPKα1, and p-mTOR in the spinal cord, p-P38 in the hippocampus, and p-AMPKα1 in the hypothalamus may play important roles in the regulation of antinociception induced by acute immobilization stress and the tolerance development induced by chronic immobilization stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hui Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hong-Won Suh
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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Almatroudi A, Ostovar M, Bailey CP, Husbands SM, Bailey SJ. Antidepressant-like effects of BU10119, a novel buprenorphine analogue with mixed κ/μ receptor antagonist properties, in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:2869-2880. [PMID: 28967123 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The κ receptor antagonists have potential for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. We have investigated the in vivo pharmacology of a novel buprenorphine analogue, BU10119, for the first time. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH To determine the opioid pharmacology of BU10119 (0.3-3 mg·kg-1 , i.p.) in vivo, the warm-water tail-withdrawal assay was applied in adult male CD1 mice. A range of behavioural paradigms was used to investigate the locomotor effects, rewarding properties and antidepressant or anxiolytic potential of BU10119. Additional groups of mice were exposed to a single (1 × 2 h) or repeated restraint stress (3× daily 2 h) to determine the ability of BU10119 to block stress-induced analgesia. KEY RESULTS BU10119 alone was without any antinociceptive activity. BU10119 (1 mg·kg-1 ) was able to block U50,488, buprenorphine and morphine-induced antinociception. The κ antagonist effects of BU10119 in the tail-withdrawal assay reversed between 24 and 48 h. BU10119 was without significant locomotor or rewarding effects. BU10119 (1 mg·kg-1 ) significantly reduced the latency to feed in the novelty-induced hypophagia task and reduced immobility time in the forced swim test, compared to saline-treated animals. There were no significant effects of BU10119 in either the elevated plus maze or the light-dark box. Both acute and repeated restraint stress-induced analgesia were blocked by pretreatment with BU10119 (1 mg·kg-1 ). Parallel stress-induced increases in plasma corticosterone were not affected. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS BU10119 is a mixed κ/μ receptor antagonist with relatively short-duration κ antagonist activity. Based on these preclinical data, BU10119 has therapeutic potential for the treatment of depression and other stress-induced conditions. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Areas of Opioid Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrnoosh Ostovar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | | | - Sarah J Bailey
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Woodbury A, Yu SP, Chen D, Gu X, Lee JH, Zhang J, Espinera A, García PS, Wei L. Honokiol for the Treatment of Neonatal Pain and Prevention of Consequent Neurobehavioral Disorders. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2531-6. [PMID: 26539813 PMCID: PMC6133305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the short- and long-term neuroprotective and analgesic activity of honokiol (a naturally occurring lignan isolated from Magnolia) on developing brains in neonates exposed to inflammatory pain, known to cause neuronal cell death. Postnatal day 4 (P4) neonatal rat pups were subjected to intraplantar formalin injection to four paws as a model of severe neonatal pain. Intraperitoneal honokiol (10 mg/kg) or corn oil vehicle control was administered 1 h prior to formalin insult, and animals were maintained on honokiol through postnatal day 21 (P21). Behavioral tests for stress and pain were performed after the painful insult, followed by morphological examinations of the brain sections at P7 and P21. Honokiol significantly attenuated acute pain responses 30 min following formalin insult and decreased chronic thermal hyperalgesia later in life. Honokiol-treated rats performed better on tests of exploratory behavior and performed significantly better in tests of memory. Honokiol treatment normalized hippocampal and thalamic c-Fos and hippocampal alveus substance P receptor expression relative to controls at P21. Together, these findings support that (1) neonatal pain experiences predispose rats to the development of chronic behavioral changes and (2) honokiol prevents and reduces both acute and chronic pathological pain-induced deteriorations in neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Woodbury
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30307, United States
- Research Division, Veterans Affairs Medical Center–Atlanta, 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, Georgia 30033, United States
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30307, United States
- Research Division, Veterans Affairs Medical Center–Atlanta, 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, Georgia 30033, United States
| | - Dongdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30307, United States
| | - Xiaohuan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30307, United States
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30307, United States
| | - James Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30307, United States
| | - Alyssa Espinera
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30307, United States
| | - Paul S. García
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30307, United States
- Research Division, Veterans Affairs Medical Center–Atlanta, 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, Georgia 30033, United States
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30307, United States
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Sharma N, Sim YB, Park SH, Kim SS, Lee JR, Jung JS, Suh HW. Effect of histamine receptors agonists or antagonists administered intracerebroventricularly and intrathecally on the blood glucose level in immobilization stress model. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2015.1092470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Sharma N, Sim YB, Park SH, Lim SM, Kim SS, Jung JS, Hong JS, Suh HW. Effect of sulfonylureas administered centrally on the blood glucose level in immobilization stress model. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:197-202. [PMID: 25954123 PMCID: PMC4422958 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.3.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonylureas are widely used as an antidiabetic drug. In the present study, the effects of sulfonylurea administered supraspinally on immobilization stress-induced blood glucose level were studied in ICR mice. Mice were once enforced into immobilization stress for 30 min and returned to the cage. The blood glucose level was measured 30, 60, and 120 min after immobilization stress initiation. We found that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection with 30 µg of glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride or tolazamide attenuated the increased blood glucose level induced by immobilization stress. Immobilization stress causes an elevation of the blood corticosterone and insulin levels. Sulfonylureas pretreated i.c.v. caused a further elevation of the blood corticosterone level when mice were forced into the stress. In addition, sulfonylureas pretreated i.c.v. alone caused an elevation of the plasma insulin level. Furthermore, immobilization stress-induced insulin level was reduced by i.c.v. pretreated sulfonylureas. Our results suggest that lowering effect of sulfonylureas administered supraspinally against immobilization stress-induced increase of the blood glucose level appears to be primarily mediated via elevation of the plasma insulin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Yun-Beom Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Su-Min Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Sung-Su Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Jun-Sub Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Hong
- Department of Physical Education, College of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Hong-Won Suh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
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Stress-induced hyperalgesia. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 121:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tabata-Imai A, Inoue R, Mori H. Increased sensitivity to inflammatory pain induced by subcutaneous formalin injection in serine racemase knock-out mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105282. [PMID: 25133605 PMCID: PMC4136830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Serine, an endogenous coagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), is widely distributed in the central nervous system and is synthesized from L-serine by serine racemase (SR). NMDAR plays an important role in pain processing including central sensitization that eventually causes hyperalgesia. To elucidate the roles of D-serine and SR in pain transmission, we evaluated the behavioral changes and spinal nociceptive processing induced by formalin using SR knock-out (KO) mice. We found that SR is mainly distributed in lamina II of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in wild-type (WT) mice. Although the formalin injected subcutaneously induced the biphasic pain response of licking in SR-KO and WT mice, the time spent on licking was significantly longer in the SR-KO mice during the second phase of the formalin test. The number of neurons immunopositive for c-Fos and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), which are molecular pain markers, in laminae I-II of the ipsilateral dorsal horn was significantly larger in the SR-KO mice. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the distribution of SR changed from being broad to being concentrated in cell bodies after the formalin injection. On the other hand, the expression level of the cytosolic SR in the ipsilateral dorsal horn significantly decreased. Oral administration of 10 mM D-serine in drinking water for one week cancelled the difference in pain behaviors between WT and SR-KO mice in phase 2 of the formalin test. These findings demonstrate that the SR-KO mice showed increased sensitivity to inflammatory pain and the WT mice showed translocation of SR and decreased SR expression levels after the formalin injection, which suggest a novel antinociceptive mechanism via SR indicating an important role of D-serine in pain transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Tabata-Imai
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ran Inoue
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Kang YJ, Sim YB, Park SH, Sharma N, Suh HW. Involvement of α(2)-adrenergic receptor in the regulation of the blood glucose level induced by immobilization stress. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:921-9. [PMID: 24993869 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The blood glucose profiles were characterized after mice were forced into immobilization stress with various exposure durations. The blood glucose level was significantly enhanced by immobilization stress for 30 min or 1 h, respectively. On the other hand, the blood glucose level was not affected in the groups which were forced into immobilization stress for 2 or 4 h. We further examined the effect of yohimbine (an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) administered systemically or centrally in the immobilization stress model. Mice were pretreated intraperitoneally (i.p.; from 0.5 to 5 mg/kg), intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.; from 1 to 10 µg/5 µl), or intrathecally (i.t.; from 1 to 10 µg/5 µl) with yohimbine for 10 min and then, forced into immobilization stress for 30 min. The blood glucose level was measured right after immobilization stress. We found that up-regulation of the blood glucose level induced by immobilization stress was abolished by i.p. pretreatment with yohimbine. And the immobilization stress-induced blood glucose level was not inhibited by i.c.v. or i.t. pretreatment with yohimbine at a lower dose (1 µg/5 µl). However, immobilization stress-induced blood glucose level was significantly inhibited by i.c.v. or i.t. pretreatment with yohimbine at higher doses (5 and 10 µg/5 µl). In addition, the i.p. (5 mg/kg), i.c.v. (10 µg/5 µl), or i.t. (10 µg/5 µl) pretreatment with yohimbine reduced hypothalamic glucose transporter 4 expression. The involvement of α2-adrenergic receptor in regulation of immobilization stress- induced blood glucose level was further confirmed by the i.p, i.c.v, or i.t pretreatment with idazoxan, another specific α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Finally, i.p., i.c.v., or i.t. pretreatment with yohimbine attenuated the blood glucose level in D-glucose-fed model. We suggest that α2-adrenergic receptors located at the peripheral, the brain and the spinal cord play important roles in the up-regulation of the blood glucose level in immobilization stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jung Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, 200-702, Gangwon-do, South Korea
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Possible involvement of nitric oxide mechanism in the neuroprotective effect of rutin against immobilization stress induced anxiety like behaviour, oxidative damage in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
The intensity and severity of perceived pain does not correlate consistently with the degree of peripheral or central nervous system tissue damage or with the intensity of primary afferent or spinal nociceptive neurone activity. In this respect, the modulation of pain by emotion and context is now widely recognized. In particular, stress, fear and anxiety exert potent, but complex, modulatory influences on pain. Stress can either suppress pain (stress-induced analgesia) or exacerbate it (stress-induced hyperalgesia; SIH) depending on the nature, duration and intensity of the stressor. Herein, we review the methods and models used to study the phenomenon of SIH in rodents and humans and then present a detailed discussion of our current understanding of neural substrates and neurobiological mechanisms. The review provides perspectives and challenges for the current and future treatment of pain and the co-morbidity of pain with stress-related psychiatric disorders including anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weredeselam M Olango
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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Aghajani M, Vaez Mahdavi MR, Khalili Najafabadi M, Ghazanfari T, Azimi A, Arbab Soleymani S, Mahdi Dust S. Effects of dominant/subordinate social status on formalin-induced pain and changes in serum proinflammatory cytokine concentrations in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80650. [PMID: 24278302 PMCID: PMC3835427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Current investigations regarding social stress primarily focus on the health consequences of being in stressful social hierarchies. The repetitive nature of social conflicts seems to favor an induction of hyperalgesia or hypoalgesia, both in rodents and humans. Additionally, social conflicts may affect the immune system. In order to better establish the pain and immune responses to stress, the present study implemented a sensory contact model on 32 male BALB/c mice. Subsequent to establishing a dominance/submissive social relationship, each mouse was injected with formalin (20 μl, 2%) and their pain behavior was scored and serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-6, and corticosterone were also measured. Test results revealed that subordinate mice were hypoalgesic during chronic phase of formalin test compared to control and dominant mice (P<0.05). On the other hand, subordinate mice were hyperalgesic compared to dominant mice during the whole acute phase of formalin test (P<0.05). Corticosterone, IL-1 and IL-6 concentrations were much higher in serum of dominant and subordinate mice than in the control group (p<0.05). The results indicated that, although both dominant and subordinate animals displayed an increase in serum corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokines during social interactions, their response to pain perception differently was affected with the social status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Aghajani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Equity and Health research Department, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Vaez Mahdavi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Equity and Health research Department, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- *
| | | | - Tooba Ghazanfari
- Equity and Health research Department, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Azimi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Arbab Soleymani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Mahdi Dust
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Chen HS, Li FP, Li XQ, Liu BJ, Qu F, Wen WW, Wang Y, Lin Q. Acute stress regulates nociception and inflammatory response induced by bee venom in rats: possible mechanisms. Stress 2013; 16:557-63. [PMID: 23574036 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2013.794336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Restraint stress modulates pain and inflammation. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of acute restraint stress on inflammatory pain induced by subcutaneous injection of bee venom (BV). First, we investigated the effect of 1 h restraint on the spontaneous paw-flinching reflex (SPFR), decrease in paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and increase in paw volume (PV) of the injected paw induced by BV. SPFR was measured immediately after BV injection, and PWMT and PV were measured 2 h before BV and 2-8 h after BV. The results showed that acute restraint inhibited significantly the SPFR but failed to affect mechanical hyperalgesia. In contrast, stress enhanced significantly inflammatory swelling of the injected paw. In a second series of experiments, the effects of pretreatment with capsaicin locally applied to the sciatic nerve, systemic 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and systemic naloxone were examined on the antinociception and proinflammation produced by acute restraint stress. Local capsaicin pretreatment inhibited BV-induced nociception and inflammatory edema, and had additive effects with stress on nociception but reduced stress enhancement of edema. Systemic 6-OHDA treatment attenuated the proinflammatory effect of stress, but did not affect the antinociceptive effect. Systemic naloxone pretreatment eliminated the antinociceptive effect of stress, but did not affect proinflammation. Taken together, our data indicate that acute restraint stress contributes to antinociception via activating an endogenous opioid system, while sympathetic postganglionic fibers may contribute to enhanced inflammation in the BV pain model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Shen-Yang Military Region, Shen Yang 110840, China.
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Antinociceptive effects of radon inhalation on formalin-induced inflammatory pain in mice. Inflammation 2013; 36:355-63. [PMID: 23086656 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radon therapy is clinically useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The mechanisms of pain relief remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the antinociceptive effects of radon inhalation in a mouse model of formalin-induced inflammatory pain. Immediately, after radon inhalation at a concentration of background level (ca. 19 Bq/m(3)), 1,000 or 2,000 Bq/m(3) for 24 h, 1.35 % formalin (0.5 % formaldehyde in saline, 20 μl) was subcutaneously injected into the hind paw of mice, and we measured licking response time. Radon inhalation inhibited the second phase of response in formalin test. Formalin administration induced nociception and increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in serum and leukocyte migration in paws. Concurrently, formalin injection decreased antioxidative functions. Radon inhalation produced antinociceptive effects, i.e., lowered serum TNF-α and NO levels, and restored antioxidative functions. The results showed that radon inhalation inhibited formalin-induced inflammatory pain.
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Park SH, Sim YB, Kim SJ, Kim SS, Kim CH, Lim SM, Suh HW. Intrathecal treatments with ginsenosides produce antinociceptive effect on proinflammatory cytokines-induced pain behavior in mice. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2013.828653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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17
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Prenatal stress induces schizophrenia-like alterations of serotonin 2A and metabotropic glutamate 2 receptors in the adult offspring: role of maternal immune system. J Neurosci 2013; 33:1088-98. [PMID: 23325246 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2331-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that severe adverse life events during pregnancy increase the risk of schizophrenia in the offspring. The serotonin 5-HT(2A) and the metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGlu2) receptors both have been the target of considerable attention regarding schizophrenia and antipsychotic drug development. We tested the effects of maternal variable stress during pregnancy on expression and behavioral function of these two receptors in mice. Prenatal stress increased 5-HT(2A) and decreased mGlu2 expression in frontal cortex, a brain region involved in perception, cognition, and mood. This pattern of expression of 5-HT(2A) and mGlu2 receptors was consistent with behavioral alterations, including increased head-twitch response to the hallucinogenic 5-HT(2A) agonist DOI [1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane] and decreased mGlu2-dependent antipsychotic-like effect of the mGlu2/3 agonist LY379268 (1R,4R,5S,6R-2-oxa-4-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,6-dicarboxylate) in adult, but not prepubertal, mice born to stressed mothers during pregnancy. Cross-fostering studies determined that these alterations were not attributable to effects of prenatal stress on maternal care. Additionally, a similar pattern of biochemical and behavioral changes were observed in mice born to mothers injected with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] during pregnancy as a model of prenatal immune activation. These data strengthen pathophysiological hypotheses that propose an early neurodevelopmental origin for schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.
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18
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Fukuoka M, Miyachi Y, Ikoma A. Mechanically evoked itch in humans. Pain 2013; 154:897-904. [PMID: 23582153 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
When a newly developed experimental method to vibrate vellus hairs on human skin was applied to the face and arm in healthy subjects, intense itch was reproducibly induced on the face, but not on the arm, without any flare reactions. In contrast to histamine-induced itch, mechanically evoked itch was not characterized as burning or stinging by any subjects, and was resistant to histamine H1-receptor antagonists. When the stimulation was continued for 10 min, mechanically evoked itch reached the maximum intensity within 10 s, but gradually attenuated after 60 to 90 s and was rarely perceivable at the end of stimulation. When the stimulation was discontinued at 90 s, mechanically evoked itch rapidly attenuated after the end of stimulation, but took more than 10 min before it completely diminished. These results indicate a possible involvement of C-tactile neurons in mechanically evoked itch because they have consistent characteristics such as low mechanical thresholds, intermediate adaptation, after discharge, favorable response to slowly moving stimuli, and fatigue during repeated mechanical stimulation, although it needs to be confirmed by future microneurographic studies. Touch-alloknesis was present in the adjacent skin area until mechanically evoked itch completely diminished, supporting the hypothesis that itch sensitization can be caused by a continuous activation of peripheral itch neurons whether or not they are histamine-sensitive C nerves. In conclusion, this study provides direct evidence of mechanosensitive nerves involved in itch in human skin. The purity of mechanically evoked itch without any pain-related sensory components is a major advantage for investigating the differentiation of itch from pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Fukuoka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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19
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Sim YB, Park SH, Kang YJ, Jung JS, Ryu OH, Choi MG, Suh HW. Various pain stimulations cause an increase of the blood glucose level. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2012.696554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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20
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Yamato K, Kataoka T, Nishiyama Y, Taguchi T, Yamaoka K. Preventive and curative effects of radon inhalation on chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in mice. Eur J Pain 2012; 17:480-92. [PMID: 22949231 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radon therapy is clinically useful for the treatment of pain-related diseases. However, there have been no studies regarding the effects of radon inhalation on neuropathic pain. In this study, we aimed to determine whether radon inhalation actually induced a remission of neuropathic pain and improved the quality of life. METHODS First, we investigated the antinociceptive effects of radon inhalation in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. We evaluated pain behaviour in mice before and after CCI surgery, using von Frey test. Pretreated mice received CCI surgery immediately after 24-h inhalation of radon at background (BG) concentration (c. 19 Bq/m(3) ), or at a concentration of 1000 or 2000 Bq/m(3) , and post-treated mice inhaled similar levels of radon 2 days after CCI surgery. RESULTS CCI surgery induced mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia on a plantar surface of mice, as assessed using von Frey test, and 2000 Bq/m(3) radon inhalation alleviated hyperalgesic conditions 22-37% compared to BG level concentration. Concurrently, CCI surgery increased norepinephrine (NE), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in plasma, and leukocyte migration in paws. Furthermore, CCI-induced neuropathy reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Treatment with radon inhalation, specifically at a concentration of 2000 Bq/m(3) , produced antinociceptive effects, i.e., lowered plasma TNF-α, NE and NO levels and restored SOD activity, as well as pain-related behaviour. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that inhalation of 2000 Bq/m(3) radon prevented and alleviated CCI-induced neuropathic pain in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
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21
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Sim YB, Park SH, Kang YJ, Jung JS, Ryu OH, Choi MG, Suh HW. Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) increases pain behavior and the blood glucose level: Possible involvement of sympathetic nervous system. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 102:170-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Ma X, Shi TF, Zhang M, Lu XY, Yang CX, Zhu D, Shi DX, Yang Y, Wang CL, Zhang S, Xu MY. Modulatory role of glutamic acid on the electrical activities of pain-related neurons in the hippocampal CA3 region. Neurosci Lett 2012; 513:67-71. [PMID: 22343020 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutamic acid (Glu) participates in pain modulation of the central nervous system. The CA3 region of the hippocampal formation has been suggested to be involved in nociceptive perception. However, it is unknown whether Glu could modulate the electrical activities of pain-related neurons in the hippocampal CA3 region. The present study aimed to determine the effects of Glu and its receptor antagonist MK-801 in the pain-evoked response of both pain-excited neurons (PENs) and pain-inhibited neurons (PINs) in the hippocampal CA3 region of normal rats. We used a train of electric impulses applied to the sciatic nerve as noxious stimulation. The electrical activities of either PENs or PINs in the hippocampal CA3 region were recorded by a glass microelectrode. The results revealed that intra-CA3 region microinjection of Glu (0.5 μg/1 μl) increased the evoked firing frequency and shortened the firing latency of PEN, while decreased the evoked firing frequency and prolonged the inhibitory duration of PIN in the hippocampal CA3 region of rat evoked by the noxious stimulation. Intra-CA3 region administration of MK-801 (0.25 μg/1 μl) produced the opposite response. These results suggest that Glu and its receptors in hippocampal CA3 region are involved in the modulation of nociceptive information transmission by affecting the electric activities of PENs and PINs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ma
- Department of Neurology and Surgery of Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
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23
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Differential cross-tolerance development between single and repeated immobilization stress on the antinociceptive effect induced by β-endorphin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, morphine, and WIN55,212-2 in the inflammatory mouse pain mode. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:269-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Zhang J, Wu Z, Zhou L, Li H, Teng H, Dai W, Wang Y, Sun ZS. Deficiency of antinociception and excessive grooming induced by acute immobilization stress in Per1 mutant mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16212. [PMID: 21264262 PMCID: PMC3021546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute stressors induce changes in numerous behavioral parameters through activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Several important hormones in paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) play the roles in these stress-induced reactions. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and corticosterone are considered as molecular markers for stress-induced grooming behavior. Oxytocin in PVN is an essential modulator for stress-induced antinociception. The clock gene, Per1, has been identified as an effecter response to the acute stresses, but its function in neuroendocrine stress systems remains unclear. In the present study we observed the alterations in grooming and nociceptive behaviors induced by acute immobilization stress in Per1 mutant mice and other genotypes (wild types and Per2 mutant). The results displayed that stress elicited a more robust effect on grooming behavior in Per1 mutant mice than in other genotypes. Subsequently, the obvious stress-induced antinociception was observed in the wild-type and Per2 mutant mice, however, in Per1 mutant, this antinociceptive effects were partially-reversed (mechanical sensitivity), or over-reversed to hyperalgesia (thermal sensitivity). The real-time qPCR results showed that in PVN, there were stress-induced up-regulations of Crh, Avp and c-fos in all of genotypes; moreover, the expression change of Crh in Per1 mutant mice was much larger than in others. Another hormonal gene, Oxt, was up-regulated induced by stress in wild-type and Per2 mutant but not in Per1 mutant. In addition, the stress significantly elevated the serum corticosterone levels without genotype-dependent differences, and accordingly the glucocorticoid receptor gene, Nr3c1, expressed with a similar pattern in PVN of all strains. Taken together, the present study indicated that in acute stress treated Per1 mutant mice, there are abnormal hormonal responses in PVN, correlating with the aberrant performance of stress-induced behaviors. Therefore, our findings suggest a novel functional role of Per1 in neuroendocrine stress system, which further participates in analgesic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Behavioral Genetics Centre, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhouqiao Wu
- Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linglin Zhou
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Li
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajing Teng
- Behavioral Genetics Centre, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Dai
- Behavioral Genetics Centre, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- Behavioral Genetics Centre, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Sheng Sun
- Behavioral Genetics Centre, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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The role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase on hypobaric hypoxiainduced antinociception in writhing test. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1103-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-0717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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26
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Song MJ, Wang YQ, Wu GC. Additive anti-hyperalgesia of electroacupuncture and intrathecal antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to interleukin-1 receptor type I on carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain in rats. Brain Res Bull 2009; 78:335-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Seo YJ, Kwon MS, Choi HW, Choi SM, Kim YW, Lee JK, Park SH, Jung JS, Suh HW. Differential expression of phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein in the mouse hippocampus induced by various nociceptive stimuli. Neuroscience 2008; 156:436-49. [PMID: 18771711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we characterized differential expressions of phosphorylated Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIalpha (pCaMKIIalpha) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein (pERK) in the mouse hippocampus induced by various nociceptive stimuli. In an immunoblot study, s.c. injection of formalin and intrathecal (i.t.) injections of glutamate, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1 beta) significantly increased pCaMKIIalpha expression in the hippocampus, but i.p. injections of acetic acid did not. pERK1/2 expression was also increased by i.t. injection of glutamate, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta but not by s.c. injections of formalin or i.p. injections of acetic acid. In an immunohistochemical study, we found that increased pCaMKIIalpha and pERK expressions were mainly located at CA3 or the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. In a behavioral study, we assessed the effects of PD98059 (a MEK 1/2 inhibitor) and KN-93 (a CaMKII inhibitor) following i.c.v. administration on the nociceptive behaviors induced by i.t. injections of glutamate, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha or IL-1beta), and i.p. injections of acetic acid. PD98059 as well as KN-93 significantly attenuated the nociceptive behavior induced by glutamate, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and acetic acid. Our results suggest that (1) pERKalpha and pCaMK-II located in the hippocampus are important regulators during the nociceptive processes induced by s.c. formalin, i.t. glutamate, i.t. pro-inflammatory cytokines, and i.p. acetic acid injection, respectively, and (2) the alteration of pERK and pCaMKIIalpha in nociceptive processing induced by formalin, glutamate, pro-inflammatory cytokines and acetic acid was modulated in a different manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Seo
- Division of Recombinant Product, Biopharmaceutical Bureau, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 194 Tongilro, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, 122-704, Republic of Korea
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Seo YJ, Kwon MS, Choi HW, Jang JE, Lee JK, Sun Y, Jung JS, Park SH, Suh HW. Intracerebroventricular gisenosides are antinociceptive in proinflammatory cytokine-induced pain behaviors of mice. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:364-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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29
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The differential effects of emotional or physical stress on pain behaviors or on c-Fos immunoreactivity in paraventricular nucleus or arcuate nucleus. Brain Res 2008; 1190:122-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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