1
|
Duan H, Wang D, Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Yan W. The powerful antioxidant effects of plant fruits, flowers, and leaves help to improve retinal damage and support the relief of visual fatigue. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34299. [PMID: 39113954 PMCID: PMC11305225 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
With the popularization of electronic products, visual fatigue is inevitably frequent. The causes of visual fatigue are varied, but from the perspective of physiological mechanisms, it is mainly closely related to retinal function or structural damage, especially the light source from various mobile devices and office equipments nowadays, which induces oxidative stress damage in the retina and exacerbates the degree of visual fatigue, resulting in the inability to use the eyes for a long period of time, pain in the eyes and periorbital area, blurred vision, dry eyes, tearing, and other discomforts. Food ingredients derived from natural plants have greater application in relieving visual fatigue. Therefore, this paper presents a detailed compilation of six plants that are widely used for their visual fatigue-relieving function, in the hope of providing more raw material choices for the development of products with visual fatigue-relieving functions in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Duan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
| | - Diandian Wang
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaxi Zhou
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang CX, Fan B, Chi J, Li YL, Jiao Q, Zhang ZY, Li GY. Differences between long- and short-wavelength light-induced retinal damage and the role of PARP-1 in retinal injury induced by blue light. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109946. [PMID: 38815794 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy uses light of different wavelengths to treat various retinal degeneration diseases, but the potential damage to the retina caused by long-term light irradiation is still unclear. This study were designed to detect the difference between long- and short-wavelength light (650-nm red light and 450-nm blue light, 2.55 mW/cm2, reference intensity in PBM)-induced injury. In addition, a comparative study was conducted to investigate the differences in retinal light damage induced by different irradiation protocols (short periods of repeated irradiation and a long period of constant irradiation). Furthermore, the protective role of PARP-1 inhibition on the molecular mechanism of blue light-induced injury was confirmed by a gene knockdown technique or a specific inhibitor through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that the susceptibility to retinal damage caused by irradiation with long- and short-wavelength light is different. Shorter wavelength lights, such as blue light, induce more severe retinal damage, while the retina exhibits better resistance to longer wavelength lights, such as red light. In addition, repeated irradiation for short periods induces less retinal damage than constant exposure over a long period. PARP-1 plays a critical role in the molecular mechanism of blue light-induced damage in photoreceptors and retina, and inhibiting PARP-1 can significantly protect the retina against blue light damage. This study lays an experimental foundation for assessing the safety of phototherapy products and for developing target drugs to protect the retina from light damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Jing Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Qing Jiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Song T, Kang R, Ren F, Liu J, Wang J. Plant bioactive compounds alleviate photoinduced retinal damage and asthenopia: Mechanisms, synergies, and bioavailability. Nutr Res 2023; 120:115-134. [PMID: 37980835 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The retina, an important tissue of the eye, is essential in visual transmission and sustaining adequate eyesight. However, oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions can harm retinal structure and function. Recent studies have demonstrated that exposure to light can induce oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in retinal cells, thereby facilitating the progression of retinal damage-related diseases and asthenopia. Plant bioactive compounds such as anthocyanin, curcumin, resveratrol, lutein, zeaxanthin, epigallocatechin gallate, and quercetin are effective in alleviating retinal damage and asthenopia. Their strong oxidation resistance and unique chemical structure can prevent the retina from producing reactive oxygen species and regulating eye muscle relaxation, thus alleviating retinal damage and asthenopia. Additionally, the combination of these active ingredients produces a stronger antioxidant effect. Consequently, understanding the mechanism of retinal damage caused by light and the regulation mechanism of bioactive compounds can better protect the retina and reduce asthenopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Tiancong Song
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Rui Kang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Feiyue Ren
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jie Liu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
PARP-1 Is a Potential Marker of Retinal Photooxidation and a Key Signal Regulator in Retinal Light Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6881322. [PMID: 36124087 PMCID: PMC9482536 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6881322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in technology have resulted in increasing concerns over the safety of eye exposure to light illumination, since prolonged exposure to intensive visible light, especially to short-wavelength light in the visible spectrum, can cause photochemical damage to the retina through a photooxidation-triggered cascade reaction. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is the ribozyme responsible for repairing DNA damage. When damage to DNA occurs, including nicks and breaks, PARP-1 is rapidly activated, synthesizing a large amount of PAR and recruiting other nuclear factors to repair the damaged DNA. However, retinal photochemical damage may lead to the overactivation of PARP-1, triggering PARP-dependent cell death, including parthanatos, necroptosis, and autophagy. In this review, we retrieved targeted articles with the keywords such as “PARP-1,” “photoreceptor,” “retinal light damage,” and “photooxidation” from databases and summarized the molecular mechanisms involved in retinal photooxidation, PARP activation, and DNA repair to clarify the key regulatory role of PARP-1 in retinal light injury and to determine whether PARP-1 may be a potential marker in response to retinal photooxidation. The highly sensitive detection of PARP-1 activity may facilitate early evaluation of the effects of light on the retina, which will provide an evidentiary basis for the future assessment of the safety of light illumination from optoelectronic products and medical devices.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pinilla I, Maneu V, Campello L, Fernández-Sánchez L, Martínez-Gil N, Kutsyr O, Sánchez-Sáez X, Sánchez-Castillo C, Lax P, Cuenca N. Inherited Retinal Dystrophies: Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Their Physiopathology and Therapeutic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061086. [PMID: 35739983 PMCID: PMC9219848 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a large group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration of the retina, ultimately leading to loss of visual function. Oxidative stress and inflammation play fundamental roles in the physiopathology of these diseases. Photoreceptor cell death induces an inflammatory state in the retina. The activation of several molecular pathways triggers different cellular responses to injury, including the activation of microglia to eliminate debris and recruit inflammatory cells from circulation. Therapeutical options for IRDs are currently limited, although a small number of patients have been successfully treated by gene therapy. Many other therapeutic strategies are being pursued to mitigate the deleterious effects of IRDs associated with oxidative metabolism and/or inflammation, including inhibiting reactive oxygen species’ accumulation and inflammatory responses, and blocking autophagy. Several compounds are being tested in clinical trials, generating great expectations for their implementation. The present review discusses the main death mechanisms that occur in IRDs and the latest therapies that are under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pinilla
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa, University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Laura Campello
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Pedro Lax
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ikonne EU, Ikpeazu VO, Ugbogu EA. The potential health benefits of dietary natural plant products in age related eye diseases. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04408. [PMID: 32685729 PMCID: PMC7355812 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of cases of age-related eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataract, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. These diseases are the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness all over the world and are associated with many pathological risk factors such as aging, pollution, high levels of glucose (hyperglycaemia), high metabolic rates, and light exposure. These risk factors lead to the generation of uncontrollable reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of age-related eye diseases through the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and lipid peroxidation, which leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis, protein and DNA damages, apoptosis that causes macular degeneration (AMD), cataract, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. This review provides updated information on the beneficial effects of dietary natural plant products (DPNPs) against age-related eye diseases. In this review, supplementation of DPNPs demonstrated preventive and therapeutic effects on people at risk of or with age-related eye diseases due to their capacity to scavenge free radicals, ameliorate inflammatory molecules, neutralize the oxidation reaction that occurs in photoreceptor cells, decrease vascular endothelial growth factor and the blood-retinal barrier and increase the antioxidant defence system. However, further experiments and clinical trials are required to establish the daily doses of DPNPs that will safely and effectively prevent age-related eye diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Okezie Ikpeazu
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, P.M.B 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Eziuche Amadike Ugbogu
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, P.M.B 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gupta CL, Nag TC, Jha KA, Kathpalia P, Maurya M, Kumar P, Gupta S, Roy TS. Changes in the Inner Retinal Cells after Intense and Constant Light Exposure in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:1061-1073. [PMID: 32112401 DOI: 10.1111/php.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Light insult causes photoreceptor death. Few studies reported that continuous exposure to light affects horizontal, Müller and ganglion cells. We aimed to see the effect of constant light exposure on bipolar and amacrine cells. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 300 or 3000 lux for 7 days in 12-h light: 12-h dark cycles (12L:12D). The latter group was then exposed to 24L:0D for 48 h to induce significant damage. The same animals were reverted to 300 lux and reared for 15 days in 12L:12D cycles. They were sacrificed on different days to find the degree of retinal recovery, if any, from light injury. Besides photoreceptor death, continuous light for 48 h resulted in downregulation of parvalbumin in amacrine cells and recoverin in cone bipolar cells (CBC). Rod bipolar cells (RBC) maintained an unaltered pattern of PKC-α expression. Upon reversal, there were increased expressions of parvalbumin in amacrine cells and recoverin in CBC, while RBC showed an increasing trend of PKC-α expression. The data show that damage in bipolar and amacrine cells after exposure to intense, continuous light can be ameliorated upon reversal to normal LD cycles to which the animals were initially acclimated to.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan L Gupta
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tapas C Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kumar Abhiram Jha
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Poorti Kathpalia
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meenakshi Maurya
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneha Gupta
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tara S Roy
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang Y, Xu C, Chen Y, Liang JJ, Xu Y, Chen SL, Huang S, Yang Q, Cen LP, Pang CP, Sun XH, Ng TK. Green Tea Extract Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8407206. [PMID: 31379990 PMCID: PMC6652088 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8407206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress induced by reduced blood circulation is a critical pathological damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in glaucoma. We previously showed that green tea extract (GTE) and its catechin constituents alleviate sodium iodate-induced retinal degeneration in rats. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of GTE on ischemia-induced RGC degeneration in rats. METHODS RGC degeneration was induced by ischemic reperfusion in adult Fischer F344 rats. Green tea extract (Theaphenon E) was intragastrically administered 4 times within 48 hours after ischemia. RGC survival, pupillary light reflex, expressions of cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation-related proteins were studied. RESULTS Ischemic reperfusion significantly induced apoptotic RGCs, RGC loss, and larger constricted pupil area compared to the untreated normal rats. Expressions of activated caspase-3 and caspase-8, Sod2, and inflammation-related proteins as well as p38 phosphorylation were significantly upregulated in the ischemia-injured rats. Compared to the saline-fed ischemic rats, significantly higher number of surviving RGCs, less apoptotic RGCs, and smaller constricted pupil area were observed in the GTE-fed ischemic rats. GTE also reduced the increased protein expressions caused by ischemic injury but enhanced the Jak phosphorylation in the retina. Notably, green tea extract did not affect the survival of RGCs in the uninjured normal rats. CONCLUSIONS In summary, GTE offers neuroprotection to RGCs under ischemic challenge, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for glaucoma and optic neuropathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and Ear Nose Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ciyan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and Ear Nose Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Lang Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaofen Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qichen Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ling-Ping Cen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xing-huai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and Ear Nose Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kang JH, Ivey KL, Boumenna T, Rosner B, Wiggs JL, Pasquale LR. Prospective study of flavonoid intake and risk of primary open-angle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol 2018. [PMID: 29536641 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between flavonoid intake and incident primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS We followed 65 516 women from the Nurses' Health Study (from 1984) and 42 156 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (from 1986) biennially to 2012, who were 40+ years old, free of POAG, and reported eye examinations. Dietary flavonoid intake was assessed with validated repeated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Incident POAG cases (n = 1575) were confirmed with medical record review. Cohort-specific multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and meta-analysed. RESULTS Total flavonoid intake was not associated with risk of POAG development [RR for highest (Q5: median ~645 mg/day) versus lowest quintile (Q1: ~130 mg/day) = 0.91 (95% CI = 0.77, 1.08); p for trend (p-trend) = 0.19]; the flavonoid subclasses of flavones, flavanones, polymeric flavanols or anthocyanidins were also not associated (Q5 versus Q1 comparison p-values ≥0.05 and p-trend ≥0.09). Higher intakes of flavonols and monomeric flavanols were nominally associated with lower POAG risk, based on the Q5 versus Q1 comparisons or p-trends. The Q5 versus Q1 comparison RRs were: for flavonols, 0.82 (95% CI = 0.69, 0.97; p-trend = 0.05; ~28 versus ~8 mg/day), and for monomeric flavanols, 0.86 (95% CI = 0.72, 1.02; p-trend=0.04; ~110 versus 10 mg/day). The food/beverage that contributed most to both the variation of flavonols and monomeric flavanols was tea; consuming ~2 cups/day was associated with 18% lower POAG risk (RR=0.82; 95% CI = 0.68, 0.99; p-trend = 0.02). CONCLUSION Total flavonoid intake was not associated with POAG risk. Greater intakes of flavonols and monomeric flavanols and of tea showed suggestive modest associations with lower risk; these results need confirmation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae H. Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine; Department of Medicine; Brigham & Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Kerry L. Ivey
- Department of Nutrition; Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston MA USA
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute; Infection and Immunity Theme; School of Medicine; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Tahani Boumenna
- Glaucoma Service; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary; Boston MA USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine; Department of Medicine; Brigham & Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
- Department of Biostatistics; Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston MA USA
| | - Janey L. Wiggs
- Glaucoma Service; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary; Boston MA USA
| | - Louis R. Pasquale
- Channing Division of Network Medicine; Department of Medicine; Brigham & Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
- Glaucoma Service; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary; Boston MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Henneman NF, Foster SL, Chrenek MA, Sellers JT, Wright CB, Schmidt RH, Nickerson JM, Boatright JH. Xanthohumol Protects Morphology and Function in a Mouse Model of Retinal Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:45-53. [PMID: 29305606 PMCID: PMC5756043 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether treatment with xanthohumol (XN), the principal prenylated chalconoid from Humulus lupulus (hops), is protective in a mouse model of light-induced retinal degeneration (LIRD). Methods Mice (129S2/SvPasCrl) were intraperitoneally injected with vehicle or XN prior to toxic light exposure and every 3 days thereafter. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinograms at 1, 2, and 4 weeks following toxic light exposure. Visual acuity was tested by optokinetic tracking 1 week and 4 weeks after toxic light exposure. Retina sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for morphologic analysis or by TUNEL. Redox potentials were assessed in retinal tissue by measuring levels of cysteine (CYS), cystine (CYSS), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) using HPLC with fluorescence detection. Results Toxic light significantly suppressed retinal function and visual acuity, severely disrupted the photoreceptor cell layer, and significantly decreased the number of nuclei and increased the accumulation of TUNEL-labeled cells in the outer nuclear layer. These effects were prevented by XN treatment. Treatment with XN also maintained GSSG and CYSS redox potentials and the total CYS pool in retinas of mice undergoing toxic light exposure. Conclusions XN treatment partially preserved visual acuity and retinal function in the LIRD mouse. Preservation of retinal CYS and of GSSG and CYSS redox potentials may indicate that XN treatment induces an increased antioxidant response, but further experiments are needed to verify this potential mechanism. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report protective effects of XN in a model of retinal degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel F Henneman
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.,Center for Visual and Neurorehabilitative Research, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - Stephanie L Foster
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Micah A Chrenek
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jana T Sellers
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Charles B Wright
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Robin H Schmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - John M Nickerson
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Boatright
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.,Center for Visual and Neurorehabilitative Research, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Coles-Brennan C, Sulley A, Young G. Management of digital eye strain. Clin Exp Optom 2018; 102:18-29. [PMID: 29797453 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital eye strain, an emerging public health issue, is a condition characterised by visual disturbance and/or ocular discomfort related to the use of digital devices and resulting from a range of stresses on the ocular environment. This review aims to provide an overview of the extensive literature on digital eye strain research with particular reference to the clinical management of symptoms. As many as 90 per cent of digital device users experience symptoms of digital eye strain. Many studies suggest that the following factors are associated with digital eye strain: uncorrected refractive error (including presbyopia), accommodative and vergence anomalies, altered blinking pattern (reduced rate and incomplete blinking), excessive exposure to intense light, closer working distance, and smaller font size. Since a symptom may be caused by one or more factors, a holistic approach should be adopted. The following management strategies have been suggested: (i) appropriate correction of refractive error, including astigmatism and presbyopia; (ii) management of vergence anomalies, with the aim of inducing or leaving a small amount of heterophoria (~1.5Δ Exo); (iii) blinking exercise/training to maintain normal blinking pattern; (iv) use of lubricating eye drops (artificial tears) to help alleviate dry eye-related symptoms; (v) contact lenses with enhanced comfort, particularly at end-of-day and in challenging environments; (vi) prescription of colour filters in all vision correction options, especially blue light-absorbing filters; and (vii) management of accommodative anomalies. Prevention is the main strategy for management of digital eye strain, which involves: (i) ensuring an ergonomic work environment and practice (through patient education and the implementation of ergonomic workplace policies); and (ii) visual examination and eye care to treat visual disorders. Special consideration is needed for people at a high risk of digital eye strain, such as computer workers and contact lens wearers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Sulley
- Vision Care Institute of Johnson and Johnson Medical Ltd, Wokingham, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Protective Effect of Highly Polymeric A-Type Proanthocyanidins from Seed Shells of Japanese Horse Chestnut ( Aesculus turbinata BLUME) against Light-Induced Oxidative Damage in Rat Retina. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050593. [PMID: 29748512 PMCID: PMC5986473 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal tissue is exposed to oxidative stress caused by visible light. Light-damaged rat used in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) studies clarified that antioxidants decrease retinal light damage. Albino rats were exposed to 5000 Lux light for 12 h with oral administration of the polyphenolic compounds fraction (PF) from the seed shells of Japanese horse chestnut (30 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg body weight: BW). To evaluate the protective effects against light damage, electroretinograms (ERGs), the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness, the antioxidant activity of plasma, oxidized retinal lipids, and the detection of apoptosis were examined. To reveal their active compounds, PF were separated into an A-type proanthocyanidin (PAF) and a flavonol O-glycosides fraction. The protective effects of these fractions against light damage were compared by measuring the thickness of the ERGs and ONL. Compared with the negative control, the PF group (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg BW) significantly suppressed the decrease of the ERG amplitudes and ONL thickness. PF (300 mg/kg BW) induced the elevation of in vivo antioxidant activity, and the suppression of retinal lipid oxidation. PF administration also suppressed apoptotic cell death. The protective effects against light damage were attributable to the antioxidant activity of PAF. The light-induced damage of retinas was protected by oral administration of PF and PAF. Taken together, these compounds are potentially useful for the prevention of the disease caused by light exposure. Highlights: The protective effects of retinal damage by light exposure were evaluated using polyphenolic compounds from the seed shells of Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata BLUME) as an antioxidant. Decreases in the electroretinographic amplitude and outer nuclear layer thickness were suppressed by the polyphenolic compounds of the seed shells. Polyphenolic compounds from the seed shells of Japanese horse chestnut inhibited the oxidation of retinal lipids. Highly polymeric A-type proanthocyanidin from the seed shells protected the rat retina from light exposure damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptotic mechanisms.
Collapse
|
13
|
Landfried B, Grimm C. Neuroprotektion geschädigter Photorezeptoren. MED GENET-BERLIN 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-017-0130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Der Schutz der Sehzellen durch Neuroprotektion ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz, der bei vielen degenerativen Netzhauterkrankungen entweder als Mono- oder Kombinationstherapie zum Einsatz kommen könnte. Viele neuroprotektive Substanzen wurden im Tiermodell identifiziert und erfolgreich getestet. Einige dieser Substanzen wurden auch bereits in klinischen Versuchen am Patienten untersucht, allerdings mit unterschiedlichem Erfolg. Diverse Versuchsansätze werden derzeit überprüft.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Landfried
- Aff1 0000 0004 0478 9977 grid.412004.3 Augenklinik Universitätsspital Zürich Zürich Schweiz
- Aff4 0000 0004 1937 0650 grid.7400.3 Labor für Zellbiologie der Netzhaut, Augenklinik Universität Zürich Wagistrasse 14 8952 Schlieren Schweiz
| | - Christian Grimm
- Aff1 0000 0004 0478 9977 grid.412004.3 Augenklinik Universitätsspital Zürich Zürich Schweiz
- Aff2 0000 0004 1937 0650 grid.7400.3 Zentrum für integrative Humanphysiologie (ZIHP) Universität Zürich Zürich Schweiz
- Aff3 0000 0004 1937 0650 grid.7400.3 Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften Zürich (ZNZ) Universität Zürich Zürich Schweiz
- Aff4 0000 0004 1937 0650 grid.7400.3 Labor für Zellbiologie der Netzhaut, Augenklinik Universität Zürich Wagistrasse 14 8952 Schlieren Schweiz
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Imamura T, Tsuruma K, Inoue Y, Otsuka T, Ohno Y, Ogami S, Yamane S, Shimazawa M, Hara H. Rimonabant, a selective cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonist, protects against light-induced retinal degeneration in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 803:78-83. [PMID: 28315677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is involved in some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. An endogenous constellation of proteins related to cannabinoid1 receptor signaling, including free fatty acids, diacylglycerol lipase, and N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase, are localized in the murine retina. Moreover, the expression levels of endogenous agonists of cannabinoid receptors are changed in the vitreous fluid. However, the role of the endocannabinoid system in the retina, particularly in the light-induced photoreceptor degeneration, remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated involvement of the cannabinoid1 receptor in light-induced retinal degeneration using in vitro and in vivo models. To evaluate the effect of cannabinoid1 receptors in light irradiation-induced cell death, the mouse retinal cone-cell line (661W) was treated with a cannabinoid1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant. Time-dependent changes of expression and localization of retinal cannabinoid1 receptors were measured using Western blot and immunostaining. Retinal damage was induced in mice by exposure to light, followed by intravitreal injection of rimonabant. Electroretinograms and histologic analyses were performed. Rimonabant suppressed light-induced photoreceptor cell death. Cannabinoid1 receptor expression was upregulated by light exposure. Treatment with rimonabant improved both a- and b-wave amplitudes and the thickness of the outer nuclear layer. These results suggest that the cannabinoid1 receptor is involved in light-induced retinal degeneration and it may represent a therapeutic target in the light-induced photoreceptor degeneration related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Imamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Otsuka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Yuta Ohno
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Shiho Ogami
- Discovery Research Laboratories III, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shinsaku Yamane
- Discovery Research Laboratories III, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Green tea catechins are potent anti-oxidants that ameliorate sodium iodate-induced retinal degeneration in rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29546. [PMID: 27383468 PMCID: PMC4935886 DOI: 10.1038/srep29546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea extracts exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions in different disease conditions. We hypothesized that green tea extract and its catechin constituents ameliorate sodium iodate-induced retinal degeneration in rats by counteracting oxidative stress. In this study, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenously injected with a single dose of sodium iodate. Green tea extract (GTE; Theaphenon-E) or combinations of its catechin constituents, including (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), were administered intra-gastrically before injection. Live imaging analysis using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed a progressive increase of degenerating profile across the retinal surface and decrease in thickness of outer nuclear layer (ONL) at Day-14 of post-injection. These lesions were significantly ameliorated by Theaphenon-E and catechin combinations with EGCG. Catechins with exclusion of EGCG did not show obvious protective effect. Histological analyses confirmed that Theaphenon-E and catechins containing EGCG protect the retina by reducing ONL disruption. Retinal protective effects were associated with reduced expression of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and caspase-3, and suppression of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α generation in the retina. In summary, GTE and its catechin constituents are potent anti-oxidants that offer neuroprotection to the outer retinal degeneration after sodium iodate insult, among which EGCG is the most active constituent.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Huang F, Zhao L, Zhang D, Wang O, Guo X, Lu F, Yang X, Ji B, Deng Q. Protective Effect of Total Flavones from Hippophae rhamnoides L. against Visible Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration in Pigmented Rabbits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:161-170. [PMID: 26653970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) flavones have been used as candidate functional food ingredients because of their bioactivities, such as treating cardiovascular disorders, lowering plasma cholesterol level, and regulating immune function. However, the protective effects of sea buckthorn flavones against retinal degeneration remain unclear to date. This study investigated the protective effects of total flavones from H. rhamnoides (TFH) against visible light-induced retinal damage and explored the related mechanisms in pigmented rabbits. Rabbits were treated with TFH (250 and 500 mg/kg) for 2 weeks pre-illumination and 1 week post-illumination until sacrifice. Retinal function was quantified by performing electroretinography 1 day before and 1, 3, and 7 days after light exposure (18000 lx for 2 h). Retinal degeneration was evaluated by measuring the thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and performing the TUNEL assay 7 days after light exposure. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms of TFH during visible light-induced retinal degeneration. Light exposure produced a degenerative effect primarily on the ONL, inner nuclear layer (INL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL). TFH significantly attenuated the destruction of electroretinograms caused by light damage, maintained ONL thickness, and decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the INL and GCL. TFH ameliorated the retinal oxidative stress (GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, and MDA), inflammation (IL-1β and IL-6), angiogenesis (VEGF), and apoptosis (Bax, Bcl2, and caspase-3) induced by light exposure. Therefore, TFH exhibited protective effects against light-induced retinal degeneration by increasing the antioxidant defense mechanisms, suppressing pro-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines, and inhibiting retinal cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition , Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ou Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoping Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition , Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Emoto Y, Yoshizawa K, Kinoshita Y, Yuki M, Yuri T, Tsubura A. Green tea extract attenuates MNU-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis via suppression of heme oxygenase-1. J Toxicol Pathol 2015; 29:61-5. [PMID: 26989304 PMCID: PMC4766529 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2015-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of green tea extract (GTE) on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis were examined, and the possible mechanisms of action of GTE were assessed. Alterations in the retinal morphological architecture were determined by hematoxylin-eosin staining, vimentin immunoreactivity, and photoreceptor cell apoptosis (TUNEL labeling). Expression of oxidant marker, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, mRNA levels in outer nuclear cells was assessed by laser capture microdissection (LCM). Sprague-Dawley rats were given 40 mg/kg MNU at 7 weeks of age in the absence and presence of 250 mg/kg GTE treatment (once daily from 3 days prior to MNU for a maximum 10 days). Although photoreceptor cell degeneration began 24 hr after MNU, the morphological effects of GTE at the time point were not definitive. However, GTE lowered TUNEL labeling and HO-1 mRNA expression. At 7 days after MNU, photoreceptor damage was attenuated by GTE treatment. Therefore, the ability of GTE to reduce MNU-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis may be due to its antioxidant properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Emoto
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kinoshita
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Michiko Yuki
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takashi Yuri
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Airo Tsubura
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Novikova YP, Gancharova OS, Eichler OV, Philippov PP, Grigoryan EN. Preventive and therapeutic effects of SkQ1-containing Visomitin eye drops against light-induced retinal degeneration. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:1101-10. [PMID: 25519068 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The human retina is constantly affected by light of varying intensity, this being especially true for photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium. Traditionally, photoinduced damages of the retina are induced by visible light of high intensity in albino rats using the LIRD (light-induced retinal degeneration) model. This model allows study of pathological processes in the retina and the search for retinoprotectors preventing retinal photodamage. In addition, the etiology and mechanisms of retina damage in the LIRD model have much in common with the mechanisms of the development of age-related retinal disorders, in particular, with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We have studied preventive and therapeutic effects of Visomitin eye drops (based on the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1) on albino rat retinas damaged by bright light. In the first series of experiments, rats receiving Visomitin for two weeks prior to illumination demonstrated significantly less expressed atrophic and degenerative changes in the retina compared to animals receiving similar drops with no SkQ1. In the second series, the illuminated rats were treated for two weeks with Visomitin or similar drops without SkQ1. The damaged retinas of the experimental animals were repaired much more effectively than those of the control animals. Therefore, we conclude that Visomitin SkQ1-containing eye drops have pronounced preventive and therapeutic effects on the photodamaged retina and might be recommended as a photoprotector and a pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of AMD in combination with conventional medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu P Novikova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Calzia D, Oneto M, Caicci F, Bianchini P, Ravera S, Bartolucci M, Diaspro A, Degan P, Manni L, Traverso CE, Panfoli I. Effect of polyphenolic phytochemicals on ectopic oxidative phosphorylation in rod outer segments of bovine retina. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3890-903. [PMID: 25917043 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The rod outer segments (OS) of the retina are specialized organelles where phototransduction takes place. The mitochondrial electron transport complexes I-IV, cytochrome c and Fo F1 -ATP synthase are functionally expressed in the OS disks. Here, we have studied the effect of some polyphenolic compounds acting as inhibitors of mitochondrial ATPase/synthase activity on the OS ectopic Fo F1 - ATP synthase. The mechanism of apoptosis in the OS was also investigated studying the expression of cytochrome c, caspase 9 and 3 and Apaf-1. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We prepared OS from fresh bovine retinae. Semi-quantitative Western blotting, confocal and electron microscopy, and cytofluorimetry were used along with biochemical analyses such as oximetry, ATP synthesis and hydrolysis. KEY RESULTS Resveratrol and curcumin plus piperine inhibited ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption in the OS. Epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin inhibited ATP hydrolysis and oxygen consumption in the OS. Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide were produced in respiring OS in the presence of substrates. Cytochrome c was located inside the disk membranes. Procaspase 9 and 3, as well as Apaf-1 were expressed in the OS. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These polyphenolic phytochemicals modulated the Fo F1 -ATP synthase activity of the the OS reducing production of reactive oxygen intermediates by the OS ectopic electron transport chain. Polyphenols decrease membrane peroxidation and cytochrome c release from disks, preventing the induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis in the OS Such effects are relevant in the design of protection against functional impairment of the OS following oxidative stress from exposure to intense illumination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Calzia
- Department of Pharmacy-DIFAR, Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Oneto
- Department of Pharmacy-DIFAR, Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Bianchini
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Pharmacy-DIFAR, Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- Department of Pharmacy-DIFAR, Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- UOC Mutagenesi, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucia Manni
- Department of Biology, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Enrico Traverso
- Clinica Oculistica, Di.N.O.G.M.I., University of Genoa, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- Department of Pharmacy-DIFAR, Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cuenca N, Fernández-Sánchez L, Campello L, Maneu V, De la Villa P, Lax P, Pinilla I. Cellular responses following retinal injuries and therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 43:17-75. [PMID: 25038518 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Retinal neurodegenerative diseases like age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and retinitis pigmentosa each have a different etiology and pathogenesis. However, at the cellular and molecular level, the response to retinal injury is similar in all of them, and results in morphological and functional impairment of retinal cells. This retinal degeneration may be triggered by gene defects, increased intraocular pressure, high levels of blood glucose, other types of stress or aging, but they all frequently induce a set of cell signals that lead to well-established and similar morphological and functional changes, including controlled cell death and retinal remodeling. Interestingly, an inflammatory response, oxidative stress and activation of apoptotic pathways are common features in all these diseases. Furthermore, it is important to note the relevant role of glial cells, including astrocytes, Müller cells and microglia, because their response to injury is decisive for maintaining the health of the retina or its degeneration. Several therapeutic approaches have been developed to preserve retinal function or restore eyesight in pathological conditions. In this context, neuroprotective compounds, gene therapy, cell transplantation or artificial devices should be applied at the appropriate stage of retinal degeneration to obtain successful results. This review provides an overview of the common and distinctive features of retinal neurodegenerative diseases, including the molecular, anatomical and functional changes caused by the cellular response to damage, in order to establish appropriate treatments for these pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies "Ramon Margalef", University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Campello
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro De la Villa
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Pinilla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Aragon Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Emoto Y, Yoshizawa K, Kinoshita Y, Yuri T, Yuki M, Sayama K, Shikata N, Tsubura A. Green tea extract suppresses N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced photoreceptor apoptosis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 252:1377-84. [PMID: 25012920 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited neurodegenerative human diseases characterized by the loss of photoreceptor cells by apoptosis and eventual blindness. A single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) causes photoreceptor cell apoptosis within 7 days in rats. Green tea extract (THEA-FLAN 90S; GTE) is a common herbal supplement with pluripotent properties including antioxidant activity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of GTE against photoreceptor apoptosis in 7-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats that received a single ip injection of 40 mg/kg MNU. METHODS The oral administration of 250 mg/kg/day GTE was initiated 3 days prior to MNU injection and continued once daily throughout the experiment. Rats were sacrificed at 12, 24, and 72 h and 7 days after MNU injection, and the eyes were examined morphologically and morphometrically. The photoreceptor cell ratio, retinal damage ratio, and retinal preservation ratio were used to determine the structural and functional alterations. The number of apoptotic photoreceptor cells per mm(2) was determined in situ by TdT-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL). Our results indicated that oral administration of GTE significantly suppressed the loss of photoreceptor cells morphometrically 7 days after MNU injection. The number of TUNEL-positive cells per mm(2) in MNU-exposed rat central retina with or without GTE administration was 981 vs. 2056 at 24 h after MNU injection. CONCLUSIONS GTE structurally and functionally suppressed MNU-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis. These findings indicate that GTE may help to ameliorate the onset and progression of human RP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Emoto
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Froger N, Moutsimilli L, Cadetti L, Jammoul F, Wang QP, Fan Y, Gaucher D, Rosolen SG, Neveux N, Cynober L, Sahel JA, Picaud S. Taurine: the comeback of a neutraceutical in the prevention of retinal degenerations. Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 41:44-63. [PMID: 24721186 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Taurine is the most abundant amino acid in the retina. In the 1970s, it was thought to be involved in retinal diseases with photoreceptor degeneration, because cats on a taurine-free diet presented photoreceptor loss. However, with the exception of its introduction into baby milk and parenteral nutrition, taurine has not yet been incorporated into any commercial treatment with the aim of slowing photoreceptor degeneration. Our recent discovery that taurine depletion is involved in the retinal toxicity of the antiepileptic drug vigabatrin has returned taurine to the limelight in the field of neuroprotection. However, although the retinal toxicity of vigabatrin principally involves a deleterious effect on photoreceptors, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are also affected. These findings led us to investigate the possible role of taurine depletion in retinal diseases with RGC degeneration, such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. The major antioxidant properties of taurine may influence disease processes. In addition, the efficacy of taurine is dependent on its uptake into retinal cells, microvascular endothelial cells and the retinal pigment epithelium. Disturbances of retinal vascular perfusion in these retinal diseases may therefore affect the retinal uptake of taurine, resulting in local depletion. The low plasma taurine concentrations observed in diabetic patients may further enhance such local decreases in taurine concentration. We here review the evidence for a role of taurine in retinal ganglion cell survival and studies suggesting that this compound may be involved in the pathophysiology of glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy. Along with other antioxidant molecules, taurine should therefore be seriously reconsidered as a potential treatment for such retinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Froger
- INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris-6), UMR S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.
| | - Larissa Moutsimilli
- INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris-6), UMR S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Lucia Cadetti
- INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris-6), UMR S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Firas Jammoul
- INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris-6), UMR S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Qing-Ping Wang
- INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris-6), UMR S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Yichao Fan
- INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris-6), UMR S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - David Gaucher
- INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris-6), UMR S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France; Nouvel hôpital civil, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg and Laboratoire de Bactériologie (EA-7290), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Serge G Rosolen
- INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris-6), UMR S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Neveux
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Clinical Chemistry, Hôtel-Dieu-Cochin Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Luc Cynober
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Clinical Chemistry, Hôtel-Dieu-Cochin Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris-6), UMR S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, UK; Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France; French Academy of Sciences, Paris, France
| | - Serge Picaud
- INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris-6), UMR S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cia D, Vergnaud-Gauduchon J, Jacquemot N, Doly M. Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Prevents H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Primary Rat Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Curr Eye Res 2014; 39:944-52. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.885532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
24
|
Spatiotemporal changes in NFATc4 expression of retinal ganglion cells after light-induced damage. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 53:69-77. [PMID: 24362677 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 4 (NFATc4) is one of the four members of the NFAT family, which were described first as essential components of T cells activation and lately as important regulators for the initiation and coordination of the immune response, including B cells and natural killer cells. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that NFATc4 exerted a pro-apoptotic effect in the pathogenesis of various experimental central nervous system diseases by upregulating Fas ligand (FasL) levels. However, the function of NFATc4 in the retina is still with limited acquaintance. To investigate whether NFATc4 is involved in retinal neuron apoptosis, we performed a light-induced retinal damage model in adult rats. A significant upregulation of NFATc4 was detected in the retina after light-induced damage by using Western blotting and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Besides this, NFATc4 was observed to be localized mainly in the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). In addition, the expression patterns of active caspase-3, active caspase-8, and FasL were parallel with that of NFATc4. We also found the co-localization of NFATc4 with active caspase-3 and FasL in RGCs after light exposure. Collectively, we hypothesized that NFATc4 might participate in RGCs apoptosis by upregulating FasL levels.
Collapse
|
25
|
Botanical compounds: effects on major eye diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:549174. [PMID: 23843879 PMCID: PMC3703386 DOI: 10.1155/2013/549174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Botanical compounds have been widely used throughout history as cures for various diseases and ailments. Many of these compounds exhibit strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. These are also common damaging mechanisms apparent in several ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, cataract, and retinitis pigmentosa. In recent years, there have been many epidemiological and clinical studies that have demonstrated the beneficial effects of plant-derived compounds, such as curcumin, lutein and zeaxanthin, danshen, ginseng, and many more, on these ocular pathologies. Studies in cell cultures and animal models showed promising results for their uses in eye diseases. While there are many apparent significant correlations, further investigation is needed to uncover the mechanistic pathways of these botanical compounds in order to reach widespread pharmaceutical use and provide noninvasive alternatives for prevention and treatments of the major eye diseases.
Collapse
|
26
|
Falsini B, Bush RA, Sieving PA. Neuroprotection. Retina 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-0737-9.00037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
27
|
Zhang L, Chong L, Cho J, Liao PC, Shen F, Leung YF. Drug Screening to Treat Early-Onset Eye Diseases: Can Zebrafish Expedite the Discovery? ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (PHILADELPHIA, PA.) 2012; 1:374-83. [PMID: 26107731 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0b013e31827a9969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The molecular basis of many early-onset eye diseases has been uncovered, but the number of available drug treatments for improving deteriorated vision is still scarce. Consequently, there is a high demand for new drugs to treat these diseases. This review first provides a brief synopsis of the use of zebrafish model for screening drugs with vision benefits. In particular, visual-motor response, the activity response of larvae to a change in light stimuli, is proposed to serve as a simple and efficient tool for screening drugs that may improve vision in various zebrafish visual mutants. The second part of the review discusses the identification of novel drug candidates, with particular emphasis on naturally derived chemicals including traditional Chinese medicines and nutritional therapies on retinal degenerative diseases. Many of these chemicals have been used in neuroprotection and/or have been consumed by many populations for good health and vision; thus, the screening of these chemicals with various zebrafish visual mutants would expedite the development of novel drugs for treating early-onset eye diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Zhang
- From the *Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University; and †Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tremblay F, Waterhouse J, Nason J, Kalt W. Prophylactic neuroprotection by blueberry-enriched diet in a rat model of light-induced retinopathy. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:647-55. [PMID: 22832077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of anthocyanins is controversial in vision health. This study investigates the impact of a blueberry-enriched diet as neuroprotectant in a rat model of light-induced retinopathy. Thirty-eight albino Wistar rats and 25 pigmented Brown-Norway rats were fed by gavage with long (7 weeks) and short (2 weeks) intervention with fortified blueberry juice (1 ml; 2.8 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents) or with a placebo solution (7 weeks) that contained the abundant nonanthocyanin blueberry phenolic, namely, chlorogenic acid, before being submitted to 2 hours of intense light regimen (1.8×10(4) lux). Retinal health was measured by fitting electroretinogram responses with the Naka-Rushton equation. The light-induced retinal damage was severe in the placebo groups, with the maximum amplitude of the electroretinogram being significantly reduced in both Wistar and Brown-Norway rats. The maximum amplitude of the electroretinogram was significantly protected from the light insult in the Wistar rats supplemented with blueberry juice for 7 or 2 weeks, and there was no significant difference between these two groups. The same dietary intervention in the Brown-Norway groups failed to protect the retina. Histological examination of retinal section confirmed the electroretinography results, showing protection of the outer nuclear layer of the retina in the Wistar rats fed with blueberries, while all placebo-fed rats and blueberry-fed Brown-Norway rats showed evidence of retinal damage concentrated in the superior hemiretina. The neuroprotective potential of anthocyanins in this particular model is discussed in terms of interaction with rhodopsin/phototransduction and in terms of antioxidative capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Tremblay
- Dalhousie University, Department Physiology & Biophysics, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nones J, Spohr TCLDS, Gomes FCA. Effects of the flavonoid hesperidin in cerebral cortical progenitors in vitro: indirect action through astrocytes. Int J Dev Neurosci 2012; 30:303-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jader Nones
- Instituto de Ciências BiomédicasUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Knels L, Valtink M, Roehlecke C, Lupp A, de la Vega J, Mehner M, Funk RHW. Blue light stress in retinal neuronal (R28) cells is dependent on wavelength range and irradiance. Eur J Neurosci 2011; 34:548-58. [PMID: 21781192 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07790.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to elucidate the role of wavelength and irradiance in blue light retinal damage. We investigated the impact of blue light emitted from light-emitting diode (LED) modules with peaks at either 411nm (half bandwidth 17nm) or 470nm (half bandwidth 25nm) at defined irradiances of 0.6, 1.5 and 4.5W/m(2) for 411nm and 4.5W/m(2) for 470nm on retinal neuronal (R28) cells in vitro. We observed a reduction in metabolic activity and transmembrane potential of mitochondria when cells were irradiated at 411nm at higher irradiances. Furthermore, production of mitochondrial superoxide radicals increased significantly when cells were irradiated with 411nm light at 4.5W/m(2) . In addition, such irradiation caused an activation of the antioxidative glutathion system. Using vital staining, flow cytometry and western blotting, we were able to show that apoptosis only took place when cells were exposed to 411nm blue light at higher irradiances; necrosis was not observed. Enhanced caspase-3 cleavage product levels confirmed that this effect was dependent on light irradiance. Significant alterations of the above-mentioned parameters were not observed when cells were irradiated with 471nm light despite a high irradiance of 4.5W/m(2) , indicating that the cytotoxic effect of blue light is highly dependent on wavelength. The observed phenomena in R28 cells at 411nm (4.5W/m(2) ) point to an apoptosis pathway elicited by direct mitochondrial damage and increased oxidative stress. Thus, light of 411nm should act via impairment of mitochondrial function by compromising the metabolic situation of these retinal neuronal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Knels
- Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hesperidin, a flavone glycoside, as mediator of neuronal survival. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:1776-84. [PMID: 21553255 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids comprise the most common group of plant polyphenols and provide much of the flavor and color to fruits and vegetables. More than 5,000 different flavonoids have been described. The biological activities of flavonoids cover a very broad spectrum, from anticancer and antibacterial activities to inhibition of bone reabsorption and neuroprotection effect. Although emerging evidence suggests that flavonoids have an important role on brain development, little is known about their mechanisms of action. In the present work, we performed a screening of flavonoid actions by analyzing the effects of these substances (hesperidin and rutin) on neural progenitors and neuronal morphogenesis in vitro. We demonstrated that treatment of neural progenitors with the flavonoid hesperidin enhanced neuronal population as revealed by an 80% increase in the number of β-tubulin III cells. This effect was mainly due to modulation of neuronal progenitor survival. Pools of astrocyte and oligodendrocyte progenitors were not affected by hesperidin whereas rutin had no effect on neuronal population. We also demonstrated that the flavonoid hesperidin modulates neuronal cell death by activating MAPK and PI3K pathways. This opens the possibility of using flavonoids for potential new therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
32
|
Field DT, Williams CM, Butler LT. Consumption of cocoa flavanols results in an acute improvement in visual and cognitive functions. Physiol Behav 2011; 103:255-60. [PMID: 21324330 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cocoa flavanols (CF) influence physiological processes in ways that suggest their consumption may improve aspects of neural function, and previous studies have found positive influences of CF on cognitive performance. In this preliminary study we investigated whether visual, as well as cognitive, function is influenced by an acute dose of CF in young adults. We employed a randomized, single-blinded, order counterbalanced, crossover design in which 30 healthy adults consumed both dark chocolate containing 720mg CF and a matched quantity of white chocolate, with a one week interval between testing sessions. Visual contrast sensitivity was assessed by reading numbers that became progressively more similar in luminance to their background. Motion sensitivity was assessed firstly by measuring the threshold proportion of coherently moving signal dots that could be detected against a background of random motion, and secondly by determining the minimum time required to detect motion direction in a display containing a high proportion of coherent motion. Cognitive performance was assessed using a visual spatial working memory for location task and a choice reaction time task designed to engage processes of sustained attention and inhibition. Relative to the control condition, CF improved visual contrast sensitivity and reduced the time required to detect motion direction, but had no statistically reliable effect on the minimum proportion of coherent motion that could be detected. In terms of cognitive performance, CF improved spatial memory and performance on some aspects of the choice reaction time task. As well as extending the range of cognitive tasks that are known to be influenced by CF consumption, this is the first report of acute effects of CF on the efficiency of visual function. These acute effects can be explained by increased cerebral blood flow caused by CF, although in the case of contrast sensitivity there may be an additional contribution from CF induced retinal blood flow changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David T Field
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience & Neurodynamics School of Psychology and Clinical Language Science, University of Reading, RG6 6AL, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Majumdar S, Srirangam R. Potential of the bioflavonoids in the prevention/treatment of ocular disorders. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:951-65. [PMID: 20663029 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.08.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Flavonoids are a common group of plant polyphenols that give colour and flavour to fruits and vegetables. In recent years, flavonoids have gained importance in the pharmaceutical field through their beneficial effects on human health and are widely available as nutritional supplements. Several pharmacological actions of the bioflavonoids may be useful in the prevention or treatment of ocular diseases responsible for vision loss such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration and cataract. This review aims to summarize the potential therapeutic applications of various bioflavonoids in different ocular diseases and also discusses delivery of these agents to the ocular tissues. KEY FINDINGS It is apparent that the flavonoids are capable of acting on various mechanisms or aetiological factors responsible for the development of different sight threatening ocular diseases. From a drug delivery perspective, ocular bioavailability depends on the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical characteristics of the selected flavonoids and very importantly the route of administration. SUMMARY The potential therapeutic applications of various bioflavonoids in ocular diseases is reviewed and the delivery of these agents to the ocular tissues is discussed. Whereas oral administration of bioflavonoids may demonstrate some pharmacological activity in the outer sections of the posterior ocular segment, protection of the retinal ganglionic cells in vivo may be limited by this delivery route. Systemic or local administration of these agents may yield much higher and effective concentrations of the parent bioflavonoids in the ocular tissues and at much lower doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Majumdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Imai S, Shimazawa M, Nakanishi T, Tsuruma K, Hara H. Calpain inhibitor protects cells against light-induced retinal degeneration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 335:645-52. [PMID: 20823194 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.171298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpains are activated by excessive light exposure and related to retinal degeneration. We investigated the protective effects of ((1S)-1-((((1S)-1-benzyl-3-cyclopropylamino-2,3-di-oxopropyl)amino)carbonyl)-3-methylbutyl)carbamic acid 5-methoxy-3-oxapentyl ester (SNJ-1945), a calpain inhibitor, against light-induced retinal degeneration in mice. SNJ-1945 was orally administrated at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg at 30 min before and just after light exposure. Light-induced calpain activation was evaluated by using proteolysis of α-spectrin and p35 (a neuron-specific activator for cyclin-dependent kinase 5). The effects of SNJ-1945 against light-induced retinal damage were examined by the thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Photoreceptor apoptosis was assessed by counting terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in ONL. Retinal functions were measured in terms of a- and b-wave amplitudes by using an electroretinogram. As the mechanism of SNJ-1945, caspase-3/7 measurement was carried out. SNJ-1945 inhibited the proteolysis of α-spectrin and p35 by light exposure and presented a decrease in the numbers of TUNEL-positive cells and ONL atrophy. Furthermore, SNJ-1945 presented a decrease in a- and b-wave amplitude and caspase-3/7 activation induced by light exposure. These findings suggest that the activation of calpain plays a pivotal role in photoreceptor degeneration by light exposure, and SNJ-1945 may be a candidate for effectively treating diseases related to photoreceptor degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Imai
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xie J, Jiang L, Zhang T, Jin Y, Yang D, Chen F. Neuroprotective effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in optic nerve crush model in rats. Neurosci Lett 2010; 479:26-30. [PMID: 20471452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major catechin found in green tea, is a powerful antioxidant and has anti-inflammatory with neuroprotective potential. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of EGCG in an optic nerve crush (ONC) model in rats. Seventy-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control (group A), sham operation+EGCG (group B), ONC+vehicle (group C), and ONC+EGCG (group D). The rats were treated intraperitoneally and orally with either vehicle or EGCG (25 mg/kg, injected daily for 5 days and 2 mg/kg orally daily afterwards). Two days after the first injection, an ONC injury was performed by using a micro optic nerve clipper with 40 g power at approximately 2 mm from the optic nerve head for 60 s. Fluorogold was injected into the bilateral superior colliculi 5 days before sacrifice and fluorescent gold-labelled retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were counted under fluorescence microscopy on days 7, 14 and 28 after ONC. The expression of Neurofilament triplet L (NF-L) was measured via immunohistochemical and Western blotting analysis. In group C, a progressive loss of RGCs was observed after ONC. In contrast, the density of RGCs was significantly higher in group D (p=0.009, independent samples t-test) on day 7 after ONC, and statistical differences were obtained on days 14 and 28 (p=0.026 and p=0.019, respectively, independent samples t-test). The results of immunohistochemical and Western blotting analysis showed significantly higher NF-L protein expression in group D in comparison with group C on days 7, 14 and 28 after ONC. These findings suggest that there are protective effects of EGCG on RGCs after ONC, indicating EGCG might be a potential therapeutic agent for optic nerve diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xie
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
de Sampaio e Spohr TCL, Stipursky J, Sasaki AC, Barbosa PR, Martins V, Benjamim CF, Roque NF, Costa SL, Gomes FCA. Effects of the flavonoid casticin from Brazilian Croton betulaster in cerebral cortical progenitors in vitro: direct and indirect action through astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:530-41. [PMID: 19746423 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a major constraint on the social and economic development of many countries. Evidence has suggested that phytochemicals have an impact on brain pathology; however, both their mechanisms of action and their cell targets are incompletely known. Here, we investigated the effects of the flavonoid casticin, extracted from Croton betulaster, a common plant in the state of Bahia in Brazil, on rat cerebral cortex neurons in vitro. Treatment of neural progenitors with 10 microM casticin increased the neuronal population positive for the neuronal marker beta-tubulin III and the neuronal transcriptional factor Tbr2 by approximately 20%. This event was followed by a 50% decrease in neuronal death. Pools of astrocyte (GFAP and S100beta), neural (nestin), and oligodendrocyte (Olig2 and NG2) progenitors were not affected by casticin. Neither neuronal commitment nor proliferation of progenitors was affected by casticin, suggesting a neuroprotective effect of this compound. Culture of neural progenitors on casticin-treated astrocyte monolayers increased the neuronal population by 40%. This effect was reproduced by conditioned medium derived from casticin-treated astrocytes, suggesting the involvement of a soluble factor. ELISA assays of the conditioned medium revealed a 20% increase in interleukin-6 level in response to casticin. In contrast to the direct effect, neuronal death was unaffected, but a 52% decrease in the death of nestin-positive progenitors was observed. Together our data suggest that casticin influences the neuronal population by two mechanisms: 1) directly, by decreasing neuronal death, and 2) indirectly, via astrocytes, by modulating the pool of neuronal progenitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Cristina Leite de Sampaio e Spohr
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular, Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nones J, Stipursky J, Costa SL, Gomes FCA. Flavonoids and Astrocytes Crosstalking: Implications for Brain Development and Pathology. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:955-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
38
|
Bibliography. Current world literature. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2009; 20:417-22. [PMID: 19684489 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0b013e32833079c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|