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Pastelin CF, Rivera-Castro ME, Mirto-Aguilar N, Moran C. Structural organization of the neuronal pathways of the superior ovarian nerve in the rat. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:25. [PMID: 36707870 PMCID: PMC9883865 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the rat, studies have shown that ovary innervation arrives via the superior ovarian nerve (SON) and the ovarian plexus nerve, which originates from the celiac plexus (CP). In the present study, we performed a neuroanatomical technique to investigate the anatomy of the SON between the ovary and the CP. RESULTS We found that the SON fibers were concentrated on the lateral border of the suprarenal ganglion and projected towards, then inserted into the suspensory ligament. Then, it ran parallel to the long axis of the ligament to reach and innervate the ovaries. At this level, the SON was composed of two coiled nerve fibers, each between 10 and 15 µm in diameter. The SON was linked to three different ganglia: the suprarenal ganglia, the celiac ganglia, and the superior mesenteric ganglion. CONCLUSIONS The postganglionic fibers that project to the ovary via the SON emerge from the suprarenal ganglia. The trajectories on the right and left sides to each ovary are similar. The somas of ipsilateral and contralateral SON neurons are located in the prevertebral ganglia, mostly in the celiac ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar F. Pastelin
- grid.411659.e0000 0001 2112 2750Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - María E. Rivera-Castro
- grid.411659.e0000 0001 2112 2750Centro de Investigación en Fisicoquímica de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México ,grid.42707.360000 0004 1766 9560Doctorado en Investigaciones Cerebrales, Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Nancy Mirto-Aguilar
- grid.411659.e0000 0001 2112 2750Centro de Investigación en Fisicoquímica de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Carolina Moran
- grid.411659.e0000 0001 2112 2750Centro de Investigación en Fisicoquímica de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
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Guérineau NC, Campos P, Le Tissier PR, Hodson DJ, Mollard P. Cell Networks in Endocrine/Neuroendocrine Gland Function. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3371-3415. [PMID: 35578964 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction, growth, stress, and metabolism are determined by endocrine/neuroendocrine systems that regulate circulating hormone concentrations. All these systems generate rhythms and changes in hormone pulsatility observed in a variety of pathophysiological states. Thus, the output of endocrine/neuroendocrine systems must be regulated within a narrow window of effective hormone concentrations but must also maintain a capacity for plasticity to respond to changing physiological demands. Remarkably most endocrinologists still have a "textbook" view of endocrine gland organization which has emanated from 20th century histological studies on thin 2D tissue sections. However, 21st -century technological advances, including in-depth 3D imaging of specific cell types have vastly changed our knowledge. We now know that various levels of multicellular organization can be found across different glands, that organizational motifs can vary between species and can be modified to enhance or decrease hormonal release. This article focuses on how the organization of cells regulates hormone output using three endocrine/neuroendocrine glands that present different levels of organization and complexity: the adrenal medulla, with a single neuroendocrine cell type; the anterior pituitary, with multiple intermingled cell types; and the pancreas with multiple intermingled cell types organized into distinct functional units. We give an overview of recent methodologies that allow the study of the different components within endocrine systems, particularly their temporal and spatial relationships. We believe the emerging findings about network organization, and its impact on hormone secretion, are crucial to understanding how homeostatic regulation of endocrine axes is carried out within endocrine organs themselves. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3371-3415, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline Campos
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Paul R Le Tissier
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK.,COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham Midlands, UK.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrice Mollard
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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Morales-Ledesma L, Trujillo Hernández A, Ramírez MI, Rosas G, Linares R. Administration of a VIP-antagonist in vivo modifies ovarian hormone secretion in a rat model with polycystic ovary syndrome. Life Sci 2020; 265:118792. [PMID: 33220286 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In the cyclic rat in estrus, the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has an impact on ovarian function, which depends on the endocrine status of the animal. In this work, we aimed to clarify the participation of VIP in the pathophysiological condition of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using a model of PCOS induced by estradiol valerate (EV-PCOS) in rats. MAIN METHODS In the cyclic rat in estrus and in the EV-PCOS model, we analyzed the acute effects of blocking VIP receptors with the use of an antagonist (Ant-VIP) injected into the left or right ovarian bursa on the steroidogenic response and ovarian catecholamine levels. KEY FINDINGS In the cyclic animal in estrus, the treatment with Ant-VIP in the left ovarian bursa resulted in a reduction in testosterone serum levels and in ovarian levels of dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), without changes in 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl (MHPG) and norepinephrine (NE). When the treatment was applied on the right side, only MHPG levels increased. In the EV-PCOS model, the treatment with Ant-VIP in the left ovarian bursa increased testosterone, estradiol, MHPG, and NE levels. When the treatment was performed on the right side, progesterone levels decreased and estradiol increased, without changes in ovarian catecholamines. SIGNIFICANCE The binding of VIP to its receptors differentially regulates steroidogenesis in the cyclic animal in estrus and in the EV-PCOS model. The blocking of VIP signaling produces changes in ovarian catecholamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Morales-Ledesma
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Reproductiva, de la Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, México City, Mexico.
| | | | - María Isabel Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Reproductiva, de la Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rosas
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Reproductiva, de la Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Rosa Linares
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Reproductiva, de la Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, México City, Mexico
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Bravo Durán DA, Silva Gómez AB, Gutiérrez Rosas AC, Trujillo A. Hemi-ovariectomies promote a decrease in the dendritic lengths of CA1 and CA3 neurons: A dimorphic effect of the cerebral hemispheres. Brain Res 2017; 1662:102-109. [PMID: 28267433 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Certain structures of the central nervous system (CNS) are morphologically and functionally related to the ovaries. Ovariectomy has been used to study the functional role of the ovaries in the CNS, as well as the role of the CNS on the reproductive system. In the present study, the effects of left and right hemi-ovariectomy on the morphology of pyramidal neurons from the CA1 and CA3 regions of the ventral hippocampus were studied. During the estrus phase, female Long-Evans rats underwent either left and right hemi-ovariectomies or left and right sham surgeries. Three estrous cycles later, the animals were sacrificed, and their brains were processed in Golgi-Cox stain and analyzed by the Sholl method to calculate the dendritic length of the CA1 and CA3 neurons of the left and right hemispheres. The results indicate that the dendritic lengths of the basilar and apical arbors of the CA1 neurons from the left hemisphere were shorter after both left and right hemi-ovariectomy, while the CA1 neurons from the right hemisphere were not affected by either procedure. However, the basilar dendritic arbors of the CA3 neurons from both hemispheres were affected by right hemi-ovariectomy. The spine density only decreased in the apical arbors in the CA3 neurons from the left hemisphere of rats that underwent right hemi-ovariectomy. This study's results indicate that hemi-ovariectomy in adult rats changes in the morphology of the CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons in the ventral hippocampus and that there are dimorphic responses between the hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Adriana Bravo Durán
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Experimental, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio 112A, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 72520 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Adriana Berenice Silva Gómez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Experimental, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio 112A, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 72520 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Ana Coral Gutiérrez Rosas
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Experimental, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio 112A, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 72520 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Angélica Trujillo
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio 112A, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 72520 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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Espinosa-Valdez A, Flores A, Arrieta-Cruz I, Cárdenas M, Chavira R, Domínguez R, Cruz ME. The participation of the muscarinic receptors in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic areas in the regulation of ovulation depends on the ovary. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016; 14:75. [PMID: 27809846 PMCID: PMC5095983 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) of the preoptic and anterior hypothalamus areas (POA-AHA) regulate ovulation in an asymmetric manner during the estrous cycle. The aims of the present study were to analyze the effects of a temporal blockade of mAChRs on either side of the POA-AHA performed in diestrus-2 rats on ovulation, the levels of estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and the mechanisms involved in changes in ovulation. METHODS Cyclic rats on diestrus-2 day were anesthetized and randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) microinjection of 1 μl of saline or atropine solution (62.5 ng) in the left or right POA-AHA; 2) removal (unilateral ovariectomty, ULO) of the left (L-ULO) or right (R-ULO) ovary, and 3) rats microinjected with atropine into the left or right POA-AHA plus L-ULO or R-ULO. The ovulation rate and the number of ova shed were measured during the predicted estrus, as well as the levels of estradiol, FSH and LH during the predicted proestrus and the effects of injecting synthetic LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) or estradiol benzoate (EB). RESULTS Atropine in the left POA-AHA decreased both the ovulation rate and estradiol and LH levels on the afternoon of proestrus, also LHRH or EB injection restored ovulation. L- or R-ULO resulted in a lower ovulation rate and smaller number of ova shed, and only injection of LHRH restored ovulation. EB injection at diestrus-2 restored ovulation in animals with L-ULO only. The levels of estradiol, FSH and LH in rats with L-ULO were higher than in animals with unilateral laparotomy. In the group microinjected with atropine in the left POA-AHA, ovulation was similar to that in ULO rats. In contrast, atropine in the right POA-AHA of ULO rats blocked ovulation, an action that was restored by either LHRH or EB injection. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that the removal of a single ovary at noon on diestrus-2 day perturbed the neuronal pathways regulating LH secretion, which was mediated by the muscarinic system connecting the right POA-AHA and the ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Espinosa-Valdez
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Flores
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Arrieta-Cruz
- Department of Basic Research, National Institute of Geriatrics, México City, Mexico
| | - Mario Cárdenas
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, México City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Chavira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, México City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Domínguez
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Esther Cruz
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000 Mexico City, Mexico
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Verberne AJM, Korim WS, Sabetghadam A, Llewellyn-Smith IJ. Adrenaline: insights into its metabolic roles in hypoglycaemia and diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1425-37. [PMID: 26896587 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenaline is a hormone that has profound actions on the cardiovascular system and is also a mediator of the fight-or-flight response. Adrenaline is now increasingly recognized as an important metabolic hormone that helps mobilize energy stores in the form of glucose and free fatty acids in preparation for physical activity or for recovery from hypoglycaemia. Recovery from hypoglycaemia is termed counter-regulation and involves the suppression of endogenous insulin secretion, activation of glucagon secretion from pancreatic α-cells and activation of adrenaline secretion. Secretion of adrenaline is controlled by presympathetic neurons in the rostroventrolateral medulla, which are, in turn, under the control of central and/or peripheral glucose-sensing neurons. Adrenaline is particularly important for counter-regulation in individuals with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes because these patients do not produce endogenous insulin and also lose their ability to secrete glucagon soon after diagnosis. Type 1 diabetic patients are therefore critically dependent on adrenaline for restoration of normoglycaemia and attenuation or loss of this response in the hypoglycaemia unawareness condition can have serious, sometimes fatal, consequences. Understanding the neural control of hypoglycaemia-induced adrenaline secretion is likely to identify new therapeutic targets for treating this potentially life-threatening condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J M Verberne
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - W S Korim
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A Sabetghadam
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - I J Llewellyn-Smith
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Human Physiology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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Cruz ME, Flores A, Alvarado BE, Hernández CG, Zárate A, Chavira R, Cárdenas M, Arrieta-Cruz I, Gutiérrez-Juárez R. Ovulation requires the activation on proestrus of M₁ muscarinic receptors in the left ovary. Endocrine 2015; 49:809-19. [PMID: 25586874 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of chemically blocking type 1 muscarinic receptors (M1R) on either the left or right ovary on ovulation rate, number of ova shed and steroid hormones levels. M1R were unilaterally blocked in ovary with the M1R selective antagonist pirenzepine (PZP). PZP was delivered into the bursa ovarica of the left or right ovary of adult rats at 13:00 h on proestrus day. PZP treatment in the left but not in the right ovary blocked ovulation. PZP did not modify the number of ova shed, nor progesterone or 17β-estradiol serum levels. The surge of luteinizing hormone levels was diminished while that of follicle-stimulating hormone did not change in animals treated with PZP in the left ovary. Interestingly, treatment with either synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone or human chorionic gonadotropin 1 h after PZP administration in the left ovary restored ovulation in both ovaries. The presence of M1R protein in the theca cells of the ovarian follicles as well as in cells of the corpus luteum was detected on proestrus day. These results suggest that M1R activation in the left ovary is required for pre-ovulatory gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and ovulation. Furthermore, these results also suggest that M1R in the left ovary might be regulating ovulation asymmetrically through a stimulatory neural signal relayed to the hypothalamus via the vagus nerve to induce the GnRH secretion which then triggers ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Cruz
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Reproductive Biology Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, A.P. 9-020, 15000, Mexico City, DF, Mexico,
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Morales-Ledesma L, Trujillo A, Apolonio J. In the pubertal rat, the regulation of ovarian function involves the synergic participation of the sensory and sympathetic innervations that arrive at the gonad. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:61. [PMID: 26082163 PMCID: PMC4470018 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigates sectioning the superior ovarian nerve (SON) in rats with functional sensorial denervation induced by capsaicin administration at birth and the effects on the establishment of puberty, ovulation, serum progesterone, and estradiol concentrations. METHODS The animals were allotted randomly to one of the following experimental groups. Groups of 8-10 rats were injected at birth with capsaicin or vehicle, and on day 20 or 28 of life, they were submitted to a sham operation (SO). Other groups of 8-10 rats were injected at birth with capsaicin or vehicle, and on day 20 or 28 of life, they were submitted to the uni-or bilateral SON sectioning. The animals were killed at the first estrus. Serum concentration of progesterone (ng/ml) and estradiol (pg/ml) were measured using a radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Animals treated with capsaicin and subjected at 20 days of life to the left or bilateral section of SON had a delayed age of vaginal opening. Furthermore, animals with a lack of sensory information and subjected to a SO at 28 days of life had the same delay in the age of vaginal opening. Animals with sensorial innervation intact, subjected to unilateral section of the SON at 20 or 28 days of age, showed diminished ovulation rate and number of ova shed by the denervated ovary. In animals with sensorial denervation, the uni-or bilateral sectioning of the SON did not result in changes in ovulation. Progesterone and estradiol levels were different depending on the age of the animal in which the SON section was performed. CONCLUSIONS Based on the present results, we suggest that sympathetic innervation regulates ovulation and the secretion of steroid hormones and that the sensory fibers modulate the sympathetic innervation action on ovarian functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Morales-Ledesma
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000, México, D. F, México.
| | - Angélica Trujillo
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Escuela de Biología, Edificio 112A Ciudad Universitaria, CP 72570, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Javier Apolonio
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000, México, D. F, México.
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Rosas G, Ramírez MI, Linares R, Trujillo A, Domínguez R, Morales-Ledesma L. Asymmetric steroidogenic response by the ovaries to the vasoactive intestinal peptide. Endocrine 2015; 48:968-77. [PMID: 25331816 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In vitro the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulates progesterone, androgens, and estradiol secretion, and the effects are time-dependent. The present study analyzed the acute (1 h) and sub-acute (24 h) effects of unilateral injection of VIP into the ovarian bursa on each day of the estrous cycle on progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol serum levels. Cyclic 60-day-old virgin female rats on diestrus-1, diestrus-2, proestrus, or estrus were injected with saline or VIP 10(-6) M into the left or right ovarian bursa. One hour after saline injection on each day of estrus cycle, progesterone levels were higher than in control animals. The acute effects of saline solution on testosterone and estradiol levels were asymmetric and varied during the estrous cycle. In comparison with saline groups, the effects of VIPergic stimulation on progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol serum levels depend on the time elapsed between treatment and autopsy and vary during the estrous cycle. An acute asymmetric response from the ovaries to the VIP was observed at diestrus-1, diestrus-2, and proestrus on progesterone and estradiol levels. The asymmetries on testosterone levels were observed at diestrus-1, diestrus-2, and estrus days. The present results suggest that in the cyclic rat, each ovary has different sensitivities to VIPergic stimulation which depends on the endocrine status of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rosas
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
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10
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Szabó E, Csáki Á, Boldogkői Z, Tóth Z, Köves K. Identification of autonomic neuronal chains innervating gingiva and lip. Auton Neurosci 2015; 190:10-9. [PMID: 25854799 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The major goals of this present study were 1) to further clarify which parasympathetic ganglion sends postganglionic fibers to the lower gingiva and lip that may be involved in the inflammatory processes besides the local factors; 2) to separately examine the central pathways regulating sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation; and 3) to examine the distribution of central premotor neurons on both sides. A retrogradely transported green fluorescent protein conjugated pseudorabies virus was injected into the lower gingiva and lip of intact and sympathectomized adult female rats. Some animals received virus in the adrenal medulla which receive only preganglionic sympathetic fibers to separately clarify the sympathetic nature of premotor neurons. After 72-120h of survival and perfusion, the corresponding thoracic part of the spinal cord, brainstem, hypothalamus, cervical, otic, submandibular and trigeminal ganglia were harvested. Frozen sections were investigated under a confocal microscope. Green fluorescence indicated the presence of the virus. The postganglionic sympathetic neurons related to both organs are located in the three cervical ganglia, the preganglionic neurons in the lateral horn of the spinal cord on ipsilateral side; premotor neurons were found in the ventrolateral medulla, locus ceruleus, gigantocellular and paraventricular nucleus and perifornical region in nearly the same number on both sides. The parasympathetic postganglionic neurons related to the gingiva are present in the otic and related to the lip are present in the otic and submandibular ganglia and the preganglionic neurons are in the salivatory nuclei. Third order neurons were found in the gigantocellular reticular and hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei and perifornical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Szabó
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Hungary
| | - Á Csáki
- Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zs Boldogkői
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zs Tóth
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Hungary
| | - K Köves
- Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Moore CJ, DeLong NE, Chan KA, Holloway AC, Petrik JJ, Sloboda DM. Perinatal Administration of a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Induces Impairments in Reproductive Function and Follicular Dynamics in Female Rat Offspring. Reprod Sci 2015; 22:1297-311. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719115578925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Moore
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Pediatrics McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pediatrics McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - N. E. DeLong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pediatrics McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - K. A. Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Pediatrics McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - A. C. Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pediatrics McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - J. J. Petrik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pediatrics McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - D. M. Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Pediatrics McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pediatrics McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Han X, Lv G, Wu H, Ji D, Sun Z, Li Y, Tang L. Biotinylated dextran amine anterograde tracing of the canine corticospinal tract. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:805-9. [PMID: 25737705 PMCID: PMC4342705 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was microinjected into the left cortical motor area of the canine brain. Fluorescence microscopy results showed that a large amount of BDA-labeled pyramidal cells were visible in the left cortical motor area after injection. In the left medulla oblongata, the BDA-labeled corticospinal tract was evenly distributed, with green fluorescence that had a clear boundary with the surrounding tissue. The BDA-positive corticospinal tract entered into the right lateral funiculus of the spinal cord and descended into the posterior part of the right lateral funiculus, close to the posterior horn, from cervical to sacral segments. There was a small amount of green fluorescence in the sacral segment. The distribution of BDA labeling in the canine central nervous system was consistent with the course of the corticospinal tract. Fluorescence labeling for BDA gradually diminished with time after injection. Our findings indicate that the BDA anterograde tracing technique can be used to visualize the localization and trajectory of the corticospinal tract in the canine central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangming Lv
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huiqun Wu
- Department of Medical Informatics, Institute of Digital Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dafeng Ji
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhou Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yaofu Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lemin Tang
- Department of Medical Image Engineering, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
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Trujillo A, Morales L, Domínguez R. The effects of sensorial denervation on the ovarian function, by the local administration of capsaicin, depend on the day of the oestrous cycle when the treatment was performed. Endocrine 2015; 48:321-8. [PMID: 24861475 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that sensory innervation plays a role in the regulation of puberty. The present study investigates the effects of functional sensorial desensitisation induced by capsaicin administration to adult female rats in the days of diestrus 1, diestrus 2, pro-oestrus or oestrus on ovulation and serum oestradiol and progesterone concentration. The animals were allotted at random to one of the following groups: (1) animals with capsaicin administration into the bursa ovarica (local administration) (2) animals with vehicle administration into the bursa ovarica and (3) untreated animals group. The animals treated were killed on the day of oestrus after three consecutive 4-day oestrous cycles. No differences were observed in oestrous cyclicity or the average number of ova shed between the sensorial desensitisation animals and the vehicle-treated groups. Capsaicin administration resulted in a significant increase in the intra-ovarian noradrenaline levels in the day of diestrus 2 and pro-oestrus. Serum oestradiol and progesterone concentrations were different, depending on the day of the oestrous cycle in which the treatment was performed. These results suggest that in adult normal female rats, ovarian sensorial innervations participate together with the sympathetic innervation in the ovarian function regulating the hormone secretion and this participation varies along the oestrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Trujillo
- Escuela de Biología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio 112A Ciudad Universitaria, CP 72570, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico,
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Cruz ME, Flores A, Domínguez R. The cholinergic system of the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic areas regulates the ovarian follicular population in an asymmetric way. Endocrine 2014; 47:913-22. [PMID: 24748224 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Atropine implants in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic areas (POA-AHA) block ovulation. The blocking effects depend on the side of POA-AHA and the day of the estrous cycle in which the implants are inserted. Since ovulation is the result of the growth and differentiation of ovarian follicles, the purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in follicular and atresia population in the ovaries of non-ovulating rats resulting from the unilateral atropine implants in the POA-AHA. Groups of cyclic rats were implanted with atropine or cholesterol (sham treatment group) in the left (diestrus-1, diestrus-2) or the right side (estrus, diestrus-1) of the POA-AHA. The animals were sacrificed on the expected proestrus or estrus day, and the follicular population was counted and the follicles measured in both ovaries. Atropine implants inserted in the left POA-AHA on diestrus-2 resulted in lower follicular growth and atresia in the ipsilateral ovary (left one). No apparent effects were observed in the right ovary. Atropine implants inserted in the right POA-AHA on estrus day resulted in fewer numbers of small follicles in the ipsilateral ovary (right) and a greater number of pre-ovulatory ones. Present results suggest that acetylcholine, via muscarinic receptors of the POA-AHA, regulates ovarian follicular fate in an asymmetric way, and that its actions fluctuate during the estrous cycle. In addition, each ovary seems to respond differently to the POA-AHA's muscarinic signal surge on estrus and diestrus-2 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Esther Cruz
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, A. P. 9-020, 15000, Mexico, DF, Mexico,
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Quiróz U, Morales-Ledesma L, Morán C, Trujillo A, Domínguez R. Lack of sensorial innervation in the newborn female rats affects the activity of hypothalamic monoaminergic system and steroid hormone secretion during puberty. Endocrine 2014; 46:309-17. [PMID: 24122121 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that sensory innervation plays a role regulating ovarian functions, including fertility.Since sensory denervation by means of capsaicin in newborn female rats results in a lower response togonadotropins, the present study analyzed the effects that sensory denervation by means of capsaicin in neonatal rats has on the concentration of monoamines in the anterior(AH) and medium (MH) hypothalamus, and on steroid hormone levels in serum. Groups of newborn female rats were injected subcutaneously with capsaicin and killed at 10, 20, and 30 days of age and on the first vaginal estrous.The concentrations of noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin(5-HT), and their metabolites in the AH and MH were measured using HPLC, and the levels of estradiol (E),progesterone (P), testosterone (T), FSH, and luteinizing hormone using radioimmunoanalysis. The results show thatat 20 days of age, capsaicin-treated rats have lowernoradrenergic and serotonergic activities in the AH, and that the dopaminergic activity was lower in the MH. These results suggest that the sensorial system connections within the monoaminergic systems of the AH and MH are different.Capsaicin-treated animals had lower T, E, and P levels than in the control group, suggesting that the lower activity in the AH monoaminergic system and lower hormonesecretion could be explained by the blockade of information mediated by the sensory innervation (probably substance P), mainly between the ovary and the AH.
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17
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Morales-Ledesma L, Vieyra E, Ramírez DA, Trujillo A, Chavira R, Cárdenas M, Domínguez R. Effects on steroid hormones secretion resulting from the acute stimulation of sectioning the superior ovarian nerve to pre-pubertal rats. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:88. [PMID: 23110668 PMCID: PMC3520866 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult rat, neural signals arriving to the ovary via the superior ovarian nerve (SON) modulate progesterone (P4), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) secretion. The aims of the present study were to analyze if the SON in the pre-pubertal rat also modulates ovarian hormone secretion and the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) hormone. P4, T, E2, FSH and LH serum levels were measured 30 or 60 minutes after sectioning the SON of pre-pubertal female rats. Our results indicate that the effects on hormone levels resulting from unilaterally or bilaterally sectioning the SON depends on the analyzed hormone, and the time lapse between surgery and autopsy, and that the treatment yielded asymmetric results. The results also suggest that in the pre-pubertal rat the neural signals arriving to the ovaries via the SON regulate the enzymes participating in P4, T and E2 synthesis in a non-parallel way, indicating that the mechanisms regulating the synthesis of each hormone are not regulated by the same signals. Also, that the changes in the steroids hormones are not explained exclusively by the modifications in gonadotropins secretion. The observed differences in hormone levels between rats sacrificed 30 and 60 min after surgery reflect the onset of the compensatory systems regulating hormones secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Morales-Ledesma
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit. Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM. AP 9-020, CP15000, México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Vieyra
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit. Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM. AP 9-020, CP15000, México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Deyra A Ramírez
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit. Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM. AP 9-020, CP15000, México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Angélica Trujillo
- Escuela de Biología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Roberto Chavira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", México, D.F, México
| | - Mario Cárdenas
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", México, D.F, México
| | - Roberto Domínguez
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit. Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM. AP 9-020, CP15000, México, D.F, Mexico
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study determined the effect of seasons and meteorological variables on ovarian-menstrual function. METHODS Women (N=129) living in Novosibirsk (55°N), Russia, provided data on normal menstrual cycles for over 1 year between 1999 and 2008. Of these, 18 together with 20 other healthy women were investigated once in winter and once in summer in 2006-2009. The investigated variables included serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) and prolactin on day ∼ 7 of the menstrual cycle, ovary follicle size (by ultrasound) on day ∼ 12 and ovulation occurrence on subsequent days. RESULTS In summer vs. winter, there was a trend towards increased FSH secretion, significantly larger ovarian follicle size, higher frequency of ovulation (97% vs. 71%) and a shorter menstrual cycle (by 0.9 days). LH and prolactin levels did not change. In all seasons combined, increased sunshine (data derived from local meteorological records) 2-3 days before the presumed ovulation day (calculated from the mean menstrual cycle) led to a shorter cycle length. Air/perceived temperature, atmospheric pressure, moon phase/light were not significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS Ovarian activity is greater in summer vs. winter in women living in a continental climate at temperate latitudes; sunshine is a factor that influences menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V Danilenko
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Szekeres M, Nádasy GL, Turu G, Süpeki K, Szidonya L, Buday L, Chaplin T, Clark AJL, Hunyady L. Angiotensin II-induced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in human and rat adrenocortical cells. Endocrinology 2010; 151:1695-703. [PMID: 20181798 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a major regulator of steroidogenesis in adrenocortical cells, and is also an effective inducer of cytokine and growth factor synthesis in several cell types. In microarray analysis of H295R human adrenocortical cells, the mRNA of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin widely expressed in the nervous system, was one of the most up-regulated genes by Ang II. The aim of the present study was the analysis of the Ang II-induced BDNF expression and BDNF-induced effects in adrenocortical cells. Real-time PCR studies have shown that BDNF is expressed in H295R and rat adrenal glomerulosa cells. In H295R cells, the kinetics of Ang II-induced BDNF expression was faster than that of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2). Inhibition of calmodulin kinase by KN93 did not significantly affect the Ang II-induced stimulation of BDNF expression, suggesting that it occurs by a different mechanism from the CYP11B2-response. Ang II also caused candesartan-sensitive, type-1 Ang II receptor-mediated stimulation of BDNF gene expression in primary rat glomerulosa cells. In rat adrenal cortex, BDNF protein was localized to the subcapsular region. Ang II increased BDNF protein levels both in human and rat cells, and BDNF secretion of H295R cells. Ang II also increased type-1 Ang II receptor-mediated BDNF expression in vivo in furosemide-treated rats. In rat glomerulosa cells, BDNF induced tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor-mediated stimulation of EGR1 and TrkB expression. These data demonstrate that Ang II stimulates BDNF expression in human and rat adrenocortical cells, and BDNF may have a local regulatory function in adrenal glomerulosa cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenal Cortex/cytology
- Adrenal Cortex/drug effects
- Adrenal Cortex/metabolism
- Analysis of Variance
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoassay
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Microscopy, Confocal
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tissue Array Analysis
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Gerendai I, Tóth IE, Boldogkoi Z, Halász B. Recent findings on the organization of central nervous system structures involved in the innervation of endocrine glands and other organs; observations obtained by the transneuronal viral double-labeling technique. Endocrine 2009; 36:179-88. [PMID: 19418269 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-009-9189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the data obtained with the aid of the recently introduced dual viral tracing technique, which uses isogenic recombinants of pseudorabies virus that express unique reporter gene. This approach made possible to explore simultaneously neural circuits of two organs. The results of these studies indicate: (1) there are neurons innervating exclusively a given organ; (2) left-sided predominance in the supraspinal innervation of the endocrine glands (adrenal, ovary) studied, so far; (3) viral co-infection of neurons, i.e., special neuronal populations coexist in different brain areas that are transsynaptically connected with both paired endocrine and non-endocrine organs, endocrine glands and non-endocrine organs, and organs of bodily systems other than the endocrine one. The number of common neurons seems to be related to the need of coordinating action of different systems. The data on co-infection of neurons suggest that the central nervous system has the capacity to coordinate different organ functions via common brain neurons providing supraspinal innervation of the organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Gerendai
- Neuromorphological and Neuroendocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Tuzoltó u. 58, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
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