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Dhingra D, Deepak. Antidepressant-like activity of ethanol extract of leaves of Caesalpinia pulcherrima in unstressed and stressed mice. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000418891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Dhingra
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, India
| | - Deepak
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, India
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Chen CY, Chen JH, Ree SC, Chang CW, Yu SH. Associations between estradiol and testosterone and depressive symptom scores of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in ovariectomized women: a population-based analysis of NHANES data. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2020; 19:64. [PMID: 33292309 PMCID: PMC7672831 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-020-00315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are well known to be susceptible to developing affective disorders, yet little attention has been given to effects of ovariectomy-reduced hormones and links with depression. This population-based cross-sectional study aimed to investigate possible associations between ovariectomy-reduced hormones and depression symptom scores of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in ovariectomized women. METHODS Data of PHQ-9 scores, demographics and comorbidities of ovariectomized women were extracted from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2013-2016) and were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Among ovariectomized women in the NHANES database, serum estradiol levels were significantly positively associated with PHQ-9 scores (ß = 0.014, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.028, P = 0.040), whereas serum testosterone was negatively associated with PHQ-9 scores (ß = -0.033, 95% CI: - 0.048, - 0.018, P < 0.001) after adjusting for confounders. Further stratified analyses revealed that serum estradiol was positively associated with PHQ-9 only among women with history of estrogen use. Serum testosterone levels were negatively associated with PHQ-9 among women with or without prior estrogen use but this was only observed among women aged < = 60 years (ß = - 0.057, - 0.076, - 0.038, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Serum estradiol and testosterone are associated with PHQ-9 scores indicative for depression in ovariectomized women. The associations are modified by age and history of estrogen use. Future prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings, carefully addressing possible confounding of age-related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yen Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Ree
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Psychology, Fo Guang University, No. 160, Linwei Rd., Jiaoxi, Yilan, 26247, Taiwan.
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Nunes EJ, Rupprecht LE, Foster DJ, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Addy NA. Examining the role of muscarinic M5 receptors in VTA cholinergic modulation of depressive-like and anxiety-related behaviors in rats. Neuropharmacology 2020; 171:108089. [PMID: 32268153 PMCID: PMC7313677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine is implicated in mood disorders including depression and anxiety. Increased cholinergic tone in humans and rodents produces pro-depressive and anxiogenic-like effects. Cholinergic receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are known to mediate these responses in male rats, as measured by the sucrose preference test (SPT), elevated plus maze (EPM), and the forced swim test (FST). However, these effects have not been examined in females, and the VTA muscarinic receptor subtype(s) mediating the pro-depressive and anxiogenic-like behavioral effects of increased cholinergic tone are unknown. We first examined the behavioral effects of increased VTA cholinergic tone in male and female rats, and then determined whether VTA muscarinic M5 receptors were mediating these effects. VTA infusion of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine (0.5 μg, 1 μg and 2 μg/side) in males and females produced anhedonic-like, anxiogenic, pro-depressive-like responses on the SPT, EPM, and FST. In females, VTA administration of the muscarinic M5 selective negative allosteric modulator VU6000181 (0.68 ng, 2.3 ng, 6.8 ng/side for a 3 μM, 10 μM, 30 μM/side infusion) did not alter SPT, EPM nor FST behavior. However, in males intra-VTA infusion of VU6000181 alone reduced time spent immobile on the FST. Furthermore, co-infusion of VU6000181 with physostigmine, in male and female rats, attenuated the pro-depressive and anxiogenic-like behavioral responses induced by VTA physostigmine alone, in the SPT, EPM, and FST. Together, these data reveal a critical role of VTA M5 receptors in mediating the anhedonic, anxiogenic, and depressive-like behavioral effects of increased cholinergic tone in the VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Laura E Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Daniel J Foster
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nii A Addy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA.
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Wang P, Li B, Fan J, Zhang K, Yang W, Ren B, Cui R. Additive antidepressant-like effects of fasting with β-estradiol in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5508-5517. [PMID: 31211521 PMCID: PMC6653417 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent study has shown that acute fasting produces antidepressant‐like effects in male mice. However, there is little evidence regarding the antidepressant‐like effects of acute fasting in female mice. Moreover, it is not yet clear whether estrogen produces additive effects with acute fasting. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the antidepressant‐like effects of acute fasting plus estrogen treatment. In this study, the acute fasting produced antidepressant‐like effects in female mice and the antidepressant‐like effects of 9 hours fasting with those of β‐estradiol (E2) were additive. Activity of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element‐binding protein (CREB)‐brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HP) was increased, as well as neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. Serum ghrelin and estrogen were also increased by fasting plus E2. Furthermore, RNA‐seq analysis indicated that fasting and E2 co‐regulate similar gene expression pathways, underlying similar neurological functions. Taken together, these data suggest that E2 produces additive antidepressant‐like effects with fasting by activating the CREB‐BDNF pathway in the PFC and HP. Genome‐wide transcriptome mapping suggests that fasting may be used as an adjunct to estrogen replacement therapy for the treatment of depression associated with reduced estrogen function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Fan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingzhong Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Yadav M, Jindal DK, Parle M, Kumar A, Dhingra S. Targeting oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase, proinflammatory cytokine, dopamine and GABA by eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptus globulus) to alleviate ketamine-induced psychosis in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 27:301-311. [PMID: 29464495 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Essential oil of eucalyptus species is among the most common traded essential oils in the world. There is an increasing interest in the application of eucalyptus oil as a natural additive in food and pharmaceutical industry. The present study was undertaken to identify the phytoconstituents present in the essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus leaves (EO) and ascertain their protective effect against ketamine-induced psychosis in rats. GC-MS technique was used for analysis of phytoconstituents present in EO. Ketamine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce psychosis in rats. Photoactometer, forced swim test and pole climb avoidance test were used to evaluate the protective effects of the EO (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, p.o.) on acute and chronic administration. Bar test was used to test the side effect of EO. Biochemical and neurochemical estimations were carried out to explore the possible mechanism of action. GC-MS analysis of EO showed the presence of a number of biologically active compounds. EO at the dose of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, p.o. on acute and chronic administration, decreased locomotor activity, immobility duration and latency to climb the pole. EO was effective to facilitate the release of GABA, increase GSH levels, inhibit dopamine neurotransmission and decrease TNF-α levels as well as diminish AChE activity in different regions of the brain. EO at the dose of 500, 1000 mg/kg did not produce cataleptic behavior in rats. EO at the dose of 500, 1000 mg/kg produced protective effects against ketamine-induced psychosis and can be further explored clinically against neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Yadav
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Jindal
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Milind Parle
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS) in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Li H, Wang T, Shi C, Yang Y, Li X, Wu Y, Xu ZQD. Inhibition of GALR1 in PFC Alleviates Depressive-Like Behaviors in Postpartum Depression Rat Model by Upregulating CREB-BNDF and 5-HT Levels. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:588. [PMID: 30487761 PMCID: PMC6246688 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen (E2) withdrawal is a core pathology mechanism for postpartum depression (PPD). Galanin (GAL), an estrogen-inducible neuropeptide has also been reported to be associated with depression. However, it still remains unclear which GAL receptors (GALRs) are involved in PPD pathologic process. In the present study, we discovered that the expression of GALR1, rather than GALR2/3, was upregulated with a region-specific pattern in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of E2 withdrawal induced PPD model rats. Meanwhile, c-fos was also upregulated only in PFC in the same animal model. Injection of GALR1-siRNA into the bilateral PFC ameliorated depressive-like behavior of PPD rats, suggesting that the upregulation of GALR1 in PFC is involved in PPD. Moreover, Western Blot and HPLC assays demonstrated that the downregulation of CREB-BDNF signaling and 5-HT levels in the PFC of PPD rats were reversed after GALR1-siRNA injection. These comprehensive results suggest that the knock down of GALR1 in PFC alleviates depressive-like behaviors and reverse downregulation of CREB-BDNF and 5-HT levels in PPD rat model. HIGHLIGHTS Expression level of GALR1 mRNA was significantly increased in PFC of estrogen withdraw-induced PPD rats. Injecting GALR1-siRNA into PFC alleviated depressive-like behavior and reversed the decrease of 5-HT level and CREB/BDNF signaling in PFC of PPD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Anatomy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cuige Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Institute of Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Yutao Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Qing David Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Choi JE, Park Y. EPA and DHA, but not ALA, have antidepressant effects with 17β-estradiol injection via regulation of a neurobiological system in ovariectomized rats. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 49:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Yadav M, Parle M, Sharma N, Dhingra S, Raina N, Jindal DK. Brain targeted oral delivery of doxycycline hydrochloride encapsulated Tween 80 coated chitosan nanoparticles against ketamine induced psychosis: behavioral, biochemical, neurochemical and histological alterations in mice. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1429-1440. [PMID: 28942680 PMCID: PMC8241001 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1377315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop statistically optimized brain targeted Tween 80 coated chitosan nanoparticulate formulation for oral delivery of doxycycline hydrochloride for the treatment of psychosis and to evaluate its protective effect on ketamine induced behavioral, biochemical, neurochemical and histological alterations in mice. 32 full factorial design was used to optimize the nanoparticulate formulation to minimize particle size and maximize entrapment efficiency, while independent variables chosen were concentration of chitosan and Tween 80. The optimized formulation was characterized by particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, Fourier transform infrared, Transmission electron microscopy analysis and drug release behavior. Pure doxycycline hydrochloride (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) and optimized doxycycline hydrochloride encapsulated Tween 80 coated chitosan nanoparticles (DCNPopt) (equivalent to 25 mg/kg doxycycline hydrochloride, p.o.) were explored against ketamine induced psychosis in mice. The experimental studies for DCNPopt, with mean particle size 237 nm and entrapment efficiency 78.16%, elucidated that the formulation successfully passed through blood brain barrier and exhibited significant antipsychotic activity. The underlying mechanism of action was further confirmed by behavioral, biochemical, neurochemical estimations and histopathological study. Significantly enhanced GABA and GSH level and diminished MDA, TNF-α and dopamine levels were observed after administration of DCNPopt at just half the dose of pure doxycycline hydrochloride, showing better penetration of doxycyline hydrochloride in the form of Tween 80 coated nanoparticles through blood brain barrier. This study demonstrates the hydrophilic drug doxycycline hydrochloride, loaded in Tween 80 coated chitosan nanoparticles, can be effectively brain targeted through oral delivery and therefore represents a suitable approach for the treatment of psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Yadav
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Milind Parle
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Neha Raina
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Jindal
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
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Minami A, Matsushita H, Ieno D, Matsuda Y, Horii Y, Ishii A, Takahashi T, Kanazawa H, Wakatsuki A, Suzuki T. Improvement of neurological disorders in postmenopausal model rats by administration of royal jelly. Climacteric 2016; 19:568-573. [PMID: 27736245 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2016.1238452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Royal jelly (RJ) from honeybees (Apis mellifera) has estrogenic activity. Estrogen deficiency after menopause leads to a high risk of memory impairment and depression as well as metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis. We here investigated the effect of RJ on memory impairment and depression-like behaviors in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. METHODS OVX rats were administered with RJ for 82 days. Hippocampus-dependent spatial memory and depression-like behaviors were assessed by the Morris water maze test and the forced swimming test, respectively. The weights of body, brain and uterus and the contents of protein and myelin galactolipids including galactosylceramide and sulfatide were measured. RESULTS Memory impairment and depression-like behaviors in OVX rats were recovered to the levels of sham-operated rats by RJ administration. Increased body weight and decreased uterine weight in OVX rats were recovered to the levels of sham-operated rats by 17β-estradiol (E2) administration but not by RJ administration. In contrast, brain weight was slightly increased by RJ administration but not by E2 administration. The contents of protein and myelin galactolipids were higher in the brains of RJ-administered OVX rats than in the brains of E2-administered OVX rats. CONCLUSION The results suggest that RJ has a beneficial effect on neurological symptoms of a menopausal disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Minami
- a Department of Biochemistry , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - H Matsushita
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University , Nagakute , Japan
| | - D Ieno
- a Department of Biochemistry , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Y Matsuda
- a Department of Biochemistry , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Y Horii
- a Department of Biochemistry , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - A Ishii
- a Department of Biochemistry , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- a Department of Biochemistry , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - H Kanazawa
- c Department of Functional Anatomy, School of Nursing , University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - A Wakatsuki
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University , Nagakute , Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- a Department of Biochemistry , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
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Schoenrock SA, Oreper D, Young N, Ervin RB, Bogue MA, Valdar W, Tarantino LM. Ovariectomy results in inbred strain-specific increases in anxiety-like behavior in mice. Physiol Behav 2016; 167:404-412. [PMID: 27693591 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Women are at an increased risk for developing affective disorders during times of hormonal flux, including menopause when the ovaries cease production of estrogen. However, while all women undergo menopause, not all develop an affective disorder. Increased vulnerability can result from genetic predisposition, environmental factors and gene by environment interactions. In order to investigate interactions between genetic background and estrogen depletion, we performed bilateral ovariectomy, a surgical procedure that results in estrogen depletion and is thought to model the post-menopausal state, in a genetically defined panel of 37 inbred mouse strains. Seventeen days post-ovariectomy, we assessed behavior in two standard rodent assays of anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, the open field and forced swim tests. We detected a significant interaction between ovariectomy and genetic background on anxiety-like behavior in the open field. No strain specific effects of ovariectomy were observed in the forced swim assay. However, we did observe significant strain effects for all behaviors in both the open field and forced swim tests. This study is the largest to date to look at the effects of ovariectomy on behavior and provides evidence that ovariectomy interacts with genetic background to alter anxiety-like behavior in an animal model of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Adams Schoenrock
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Daniel Oreper
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nancy Young
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Robin Betsch Ervin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Molly A Bogue
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - William Valdar
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lisa M Tarantino
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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Newhouse P, Dumas J. Estrogen-cholinergic interactions: Implications for cognitive aging. Horm Behav 2015; 74:173-85. [PMID: 26187712 PMCID: PMC4573353 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Estradiol and Cognition". While many studies in humans have investigated the effects of estrogen and hormone therapy on cognition, potential neurobiological correlates of these effects have been less well studied. An important site of action for estrogen in the brain is the cholinergic system. Several decades of research support the critical role of CNS cholinergic systems in cognition in humans, particularly in learning and memory formation and attention. In humans, the cholinergic system has been implicated in many aspects of cognition including the partitioning of attentional resources, working memory, inhibition of irrelevant information, and improved performance on effort-demanding tasks. Studies support the hypothesis that estradiol helps to maintain aspects of attention and verbal and visual memory. Such cognitive domains are exactly those modulated by cholinergic systems and extensive basic and preclinical work over the past several decades has clearly shown that basal forebrain cholinergic systems are dependent on estradiol support for adequate functioning. This paper will review recent human studies from our laboratories and others that have extended preclinical research examining estrogen-cholinergic interactions to humans. Studies examined include estradiol and cholinergic antagonist reversal studies in normal older women, examinations of the neural representations of estrogen-cholinergic interactions using functional brain imaging, and studies of the ability of selective estrogen receptor modulators such as tamoxifen to interact with cholinergic-mediated cognitive performance. We also discuss the implications of these studies for the underlying hypotheses of cholinergic-estrogen interactions and cognitive aging, and indications for prophylactic and therapeutic potential that may exploit these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Newhouse
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Julie Dumas
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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12
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Dhingra D, Bansal S. Antidepressant-like activity of plumbagin in unstressed and stressed mice. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:1024-32. [PMID: 26398399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plumbagin has been reported to be neuroprotective, so it might possess antidepressant activity. Therefore, the present study was designed to explore the antidepressant potential of plumbagin in unstressed and stressed mice. METHODS Depression-like behavior was induced in Swiss male albino mice by subjecting them to unpredictable mild stress daily for 21 successive days. Plumbagin (4, 8 and 16mg/kg, po) and imipramine (15mg/kg, po) were administered for 3 successive weeks to separate groups of unstressed and stressed mice. Tail suspension test and sucrose preference test were used to evaluate antidepressant effect of the drugs. RESULTS Highest dose (16mg/kg) of plumbagin and imipramine significantly decreased immobility period of unstressed and stressed mice in tail suspension test as compared to their respective controls. These drugs significantly restored the reduced sucrose preference (%) in stressed mice. The drugs did not significantly affect locomotor activity of mice. Antidepressant-like activity of plumbagin was found to be comparable to imipramine. Plumbagin and imipramine significantly inhibited brain MAO-A activity, decreased plasma nitrite, brain malondialdehyde and catalase levels; and increased reduced glutathione levels of unstressed and stressed mice. The drugs significantly reversed stress-induced increase in plasma corticosterone levels. CONCLUSIONS Antidepressant-like activity of plumbagin in unstressed and stressed mice might be through inhibition of brain MAO-A activity and improvement of antioxidant status. Reversal of stress-induced increase in plasma corticosterone levels might also be responsible for antidepressant-like activity of plumbagin in stressed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Dhingra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar (Haryana), India.
| | - Sudha Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar (Haryana), India
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Wang P, Liu C, Liu L, Zhang X, Ren B, Li B. The Antidepressant-like Effects of Estrogen-mediated Ghrelin. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015; 13:524-35. [PMID: 26412072 PMCID: PMC4790402 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x1304150831120650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, one of the brain-gut peptides, stimulates food-intake. Recently, ghrelin has also shown to play an important role in depression treatment. However, the mechanism of ghrelin's antidepressant-like actions is unknown. On the other hand, sex differences in depression, and the fluctuation of estrogens secretion have been proved to play a key role in depression. It has been reported that women have higher level of ghrelin expression, and ghrelin can stimulate estrogen secretion while estrogen acts as a positive feedback mechanism to up-regulate ghrelin level. Ghrelin may be a potential regulator of reproductive function, and estrogen may have additional effect in ghrelin's antidepressantlike actions. In this review, we summarize antidepressant-like effects of ghrelin and estrogen in basic and clinical studies, and provide new insight on ghrelin's effect in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Life Sciences institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
| | - Changhong Liu
- Life Sciences institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
| | - Lei Liu
- Life Sciences institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
| | - Xingyi Zhang
- Jilin provincial key
laboratory on molecular and chemical genetic, Second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
130024, China
| | - Bingzhong Ren
- Life Sciences institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
| | - Bingjin Li
- Life Sciences institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
- Jilin provincial key
laboratory on molecular and chemical genetic, Second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
130024, China
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14
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Handa RJ, Weiser MJ. Gonadal steroid hormones and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:197-220. [PMID: 24246855 PMCID: PMC5802971 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis represents a complex neuroendocrine feedback loop controlling the secretion of adrenal glucocorticoid hormones. Central to its function is the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) where neurons expressing corticotropin releasing factor reside. These HPA motor neurons are a primary site of integration leading to graded endocrine responses to physical and psychological stressors. An important regulatory factor that must be considered, prior to generating an appropriate response is the animal's reproductive status. Thus, PVN neurons express androgen and estrogen receptors and receive input from sites that also express these receptors. Consequently, changes in reproduction and gonadal steroid levels modulate the stress response and this underlies sex differences in HPA axis function. This review examines the make up of the HPA axis and hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and the interactions between the two that should be considered when exploring normal and pathological responses to environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Handa
- Department of Basic Medical Science, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States.
| | - Michael J Weiser
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., R&D Human Nutrition and Health, Boulder, CO 80301, United States
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15
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Dhingra D, Bansal Y. Antidepressant-like activity of beta-carotene in unstressed and chronic unpredictable mild stressed mice. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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16
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Heydarpour P, Salehi-Sadaghiani M, Javadi-Paydar M, Rahimian R, Fakhfouri G, Khosravi M, Khoshkish S, Gharedaghi MH, Ghasemi M, Dehpour AR. Estradiol reduces depressive-like behavior through inhibiting nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway in ovariectomized mice. Horm Behav 2013; 63:361-9. [PMID: 23262264 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol decline has been associated with depressive-like behavior in female mice and NO has been suggested to play a major role in the pathogenesis of major depression. This study was conducted to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of acute estradiol administration in female ovariectomized (OVX) mice and the possible role of nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP (cGMP) pathway. To this end, bilateral ovariectomy was performed in female mice and different doses of estradiol were injected alone or in combination with non-specific NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME), selective neural NOS (nNOS) inhibitor (7-NI), an NO precursor (L-arginine) or selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (sildenafil). The duration of immobility was recorded in the forced swimming test (FST) to assess the depressive behavior. Moreover, hippocampal levels of NO were determined in select groups. 10 days following the procedure, OVX mice showed significantly prolonged immobility time in comparison with the sham group. Estradiol (3, 10, and 30 μg/kg, s.c.), when injected 1 h prior to FST, exerted antidepressant-like effects in OVX mice. Both L-NAME (30 mg/kg, i.p.), and 7-NI (50 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the immobility times of OVX mice. Administration of a sub-effective dose of L-NAME (10mg/kg), 15 min after a sub-effective dose of estradiol (1 μg/kg, s.c.) had a robust antidepressant-like effect in OVX mice. Also a sub-effective dose of 7-NI (25 mg/kg), 30 min after a sub-effective dose of estradiol (1 μg/kg, s.c.) showed antidepressant-like effect in OVX mice. Both the NO precursor L-arginine (750 mg/kg, i.p.) and the cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor sildenafil (5 mg/kg, i.p.), 30 min before estradiol treatment, prevented the antidepressant-like effect of a potent dose of estradiol (10 μg/kg, s.c.) in OVX mice. The present findings suggest that suppression of the NO synthase/NO/cGMP pathway may be involved in the antidepressant-like effects of estradiol in OVX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Heydarpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
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Fernandez JW, Grizzell JA, Wecker L. The role of estrogen receptor β and nicotinic cholinergic receptors in postpartum depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 40:199-206. [PMID: 23063492 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a devastating disease occurring in approximately 20% of women. Women who suffer from PPD appear to be more sensitive to postpartum hormonal changes than women who do not experience this form of depression. Furthermore, women who quit smoking prior to or during pregnancy, and who develop PPD, are at an increased risk of smoking relapse. Unfortunately, the mechanistic relationship between the pathophysiology of PPD and smoking relapse is unknown. Here we review the roles of both estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and cholinergic nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) in the pathogenesis of depression and propose a mechanistic rationale to explain the high rate of smoking relapse exhibited by women who develop PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Winderbaum Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 3515 E. Fletcher Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33611, USA.
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