1
|
Chen HS, van Roon L, Ge Y, van Gils JM, Schoones JW, DeRuiter MC, Zeppenfeld K, Jongbloed MRM. The relevance of the superior cervical ganglion for cardiac autonomic innervation in health and disease: a systematic review. Clin Auton Res 2024; 34:45-77. [PMID: 38393672 PMCID: PMC10944423 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-024-01019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The heart receives cervical and thoracic sympathetic contributions. Although the stellate ganglion is considered the main contributor to cardiac sympathetic innervation, the superior cervical ganglia (SCG) is used in many experimental studies. The clinical relevance of the SCG to cardiac innervation is controversial. We investigated current morphological and functional evidence as well as controversies on the contribution of the SCG to cardiac innervation. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and COCHRANE Library. Included studies received a full/text review and quality appraisal. RESULTS Seventy-six eligible studies performed between 1976 and 2023 were identified. In all species studied, morphological evidence of direct or indirect SCG contribution to cardiac innervation was found, but its contribution was limited. Morphologically, SCG sidedness may be relevant. There is indirect functional evidence that the SCG contributes to cardiac innervation as shown by its involvement in sympathetic overdrive reactions in cardiac disease states. A direct functional contribution was not found. Functional data on SCG sidedness was largely unavailable. Information about sex differences and pre- and postnatal differences was lacking. CONCLUSION Current literature mainly supports an indirect involvement of the SCG in cardiac innervation, via other structures and plexuses or via sympathetic overdrive in response to cardiac diseases. Morphological evidence of a direct involvement was found, but its contribution seems limited. The relevance of SCG sidedness, sex, and developmental stage in health and disease remains unclear and warrants further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Sophia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Willem Einthoven Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia Research and Management, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke van Roon
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Ge
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janine M van Gils
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Schoones
- Directorate of Research Policy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C DeRuiter
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Zeppenfeld
- Department of Cardiology, Willem Einthoven Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia Research and Management, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Center of Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam Leiden (CAHAL), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique R M Jongbloed
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cardiology, Center of Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam Leiden (CAHAL), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Imperatorin Improves Obesity-Induced Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Injury Mediated by P2X4 Receptor in Stellate Sympathetic Ganglion. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010783. [PMID: 36614227 PMCID: PMC9821705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity can activate the inflammatory signal pathway, induce in the body a state of chronic inflammation, and increase the excitability of the sympathetic nervous system, which may induce sympathetic neuropathic injury. The stellate sympathetic ganglia (SG) can express the P2X4 receptor, and the abnormal expression of the P2X4 receptor is related to inflammation. Imperatorin (IMP) is a kind of furan coumarin plant which has anti-inflammatory effects. This project aimed to investigate whether IMP can affect the expression of P2X4 receptors in the SG of obese rats to display a protective effect from high-fat-triggered cardiac sympathetic neuropathic injury. Molecular docking through homology modelling revealed that IMP had good affinity for the P2X4 receptor. Our results showed that compared with the normal group, the administration of IMP or P2X4 shRNA decreased sympathetic excitement; reduced the serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and lactate dehydrogenase; downregulated the expression of P2X4 receptors in SG; and inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors in the SG and serum of obese rats significantly. In addition, the expression of factors associated with the cell pyroptosis GSDMD, caspase-1, NLRP-3, and IL-18 in obese rats were significantly higher than those of the normal rats, and such effects were decreased after treatment with IMP or P2X4 shRNA. Furthermore, IMP significantly reduced the ATP-activated currents in HEK293 cells transfected with P2X4 receptor. Thus, the P2X4 receptor may be a key target for the treatment of obesity-induced cardiac sympathetic excitement. IMP can improve obesity-induced cardiac sympathetic excitement, and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of P2X4 receptor expression and activity in the SG, suppression of cellular pyroptosis in the SG, and reduction of inflammatory factor levels.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ai X, Dong X, Guo Y, Yang P, Hou Y, Bai J, Zhang S, Wang X. Targeting P2 receptors in purinergic signaling: a new strategy of active ingredients in traditional Chinese herbals for diseases treatment. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:229-240. [PMID: 33751327 PMCID: PMC8155138 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its metabolites adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and adenosine in purinergic signaling pathway play important roles in many diseases. Activation of P2 receptors (P2R) channels and subsequent membrane depolarization can induce accumulation of extracellular ATP, and furtherly cause kinds of diseases, such as pain- and immune-related diseases, cardiac dysfunction, and tumorigenesis. Active ingredients of traditional Chinese herbals which exhibit superior pharmacological activities on diversified P2R channels have been considered as an alternative strategy of disease treatment. Experimental evidence of potential ingredients in Chinese herbs targeting P2R and their pharmacological activities were outlined in the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Ai
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Dong
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Hou
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinrong Bai
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanyin Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu X, Liu B, Yang J, Zou Y, Sun M, Li Z, Li L, Yang R, Zou L, Li G, Liu S, Li G, Liang S. Glucokinase in stellate ganglia cooperates with P2X3 receptor to develop cardiac sympathetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes rats. Brain Res Bull 2020; 165:290-297. [PMID: 33091480 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucokinase (GCK) may be involved in inflammatory pathological changes, while the P2X3 receptor in the stellate ganglia (SG) is related to diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy. In this study, we explored the relationship between the upregulated GCK in SG and diabetic cardiac sympathy. The expression and location of GCK and P2X3 in SG of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats were assessed. Changes in cardiac function were determined by measuring blood pressure, sympathetic nerve activity, heart rate, and heart rate variability. P2X3 agonist-activated currents in isolated stellate ganglion neurons and cultured human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells were recorded using whole-cell patch clamp techniques. The upregulated expression of GCK in SG of T2DM rats was decreased after treatment with GCK short hairpin RNA (shRNA). GCK shRNA treatment also improved the blood pressure, sympathetic nerve activity, heart rate, and heart rate variability in T2DM rats. By contrast, the expression of P2X3 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was lessened by GCK shRNA treatment. In addition, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-activated currents in stellate ganglion neurons and HEK293 cells co-transfected with GCK and P2X3 receptor plasmids were reduced after GCK shRNA treatment. In T2DM rats, knockdown of GCK relieved the diabetic cardiac sympathy mediated by P2X3 receptor-involved upregulation of GCK in SG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Xu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoe Liu
- Undergraduate Student of Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjian Yang
- Undergraduate Student of Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zou
- Undergraduate Student of Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Sun
- Undergraduate Student of Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Li
- Undergraduate Student of Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Runan Yang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilin Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang H, Xia C, Chen L, Zhao J, Tao W, Zhang X, Wang J, Gao X, Yong J, Duan JA. Phytochemical Information and Biological Activities of Quinolizidine Alkaloids in Sophora: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1572-1586. [PMID: 31215388 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190618125816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quinolizidine alkaloids, a main form of alkaloids found in the genus Sophora, have been shown to have many pharmacological effects. This review aims to summarize the photochemical reports and biological activities of quinolizidine alkaloids in Sophora. The collected information suggested that a total of 99 quinolizidine alkaloids were isolated and detected from different parts of Sophora plants, represented by lupinine-type, cytisine-type, sparteine-type, and matrine-type. However, quality control needs to be monitored because it could provide basic information for the reasonable and efficient use of quinolizidine alkaloids as medicines and raw materials. The nonmedicinal parts may be promising to be used as a source of quinolizidine alkaloid raw materials and to reduce the waste of resources and environmental pollution. In addition, the diversity of chemical compounds based on the alkaloid scaffold to make a biological compound library needs to be extended, which may reduce toxicity and find new bioactivities of quinolizidine alkaloids. The bioactivities most reported are in the fields of antitumor activity along with the effects on the cardiovascular system. However, those studies rely on theoretical research, and novel drugs based on quinolizidine alkaloids are expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.,Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Changbo Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Center for Translational Syhstems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jianhuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xiaojuan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jingjiao Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Neferine alleviates P2X3 receptor in rat dorsal root ganglia mediated neuropathic pain. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:265-272. [PMID: 32882253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain is caused by tissue damage or nervous system inflammation and is characterized by sensitivity to painful stimuli. P2X3 receptors play an important role in facilitating pain transmission. Neferine is a bisbenzylisoquinline alkaloid isolated from seed embryos of lotus, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation pharmacological functions. The present research investigated whether neferine relieves neuropathic pain related to the P2X3 receptor in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Chronic contraction injury (CCI) in rats was used as a model for neuropathic pain. The results indicated that the expression of P2X3 receptor was significantly increased in the DRGs of CCI rats and that mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were also enhanced in CCI rats. Neferine markedly lowered the upregulated P2X3 receptor and interleukin-1beta, inhibited the phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2 in the DRGs of CCI rats, and relieved neuropathic pain. Therefore, neferine alleviates neuropathic pain by downregulating the expression of P2X3 receptor.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu B, Sheng X, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Dan Y, Guo J, Peng H, Liang S, Li G. Osthole relieves diabetics cardiac autonomic neuropathy associated with P2X3 receptor in ratstellate ganglia. Brain Res Bull 2020; 157:90-99. [PMID: 32017970 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, which often leads to cardiac dysfunction and even threatens patients' life. Osthole, a natural coumarin derivative, has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and antihypertensive effects. The P2X3 receptor is related to DCAN. The objective of this study will investigate whether osthole relieves DCAN associated with the P2X3 receptor in the stellate ganglia of diabetic rats. A type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model was induced by a combination of diet and streptozotocin. Our results showed that osthole improved the abnormal changes of blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability in diabetic rats and significantly reduced the up-regulated expression levels of the P2X3 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in stellate ganglia of diabetic rats. Meanwhile, osthole significantly decreased the elevated serum adrenaline concentration and phosphorylation level of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2. In addition, the molecular docking result indicated that osthole was a perfect fit for interacting with the P2X3 receptor. Overall, osthole alleviates the sympathetic relative excitation via inhibiting the expression of P2X3 receptors in the stellate ganglia, to achieve a balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, relieves the DCAN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Wu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Xuan Sheng
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Zixi Xu
- Department of the First Clinical, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Yuanruohan Zhang
- Queen Mary School, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Yu Dan
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Hao Peng
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Z, Li L, Yang R, Xu X, Liang S. P2X receptors mediated abnormal interaction between satellite glial cells and neurons in visceral pathological changes. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:1346-1352. [PMID: 31228306 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-gated P2X receptor cation channel family consists of permeable ligand-gated ion channels that expand on the binding of extracellular adenosine 5'-ATP. ATP-gated P2X receptors are trimer ion channels that assemble homo or isomer from seven cloned subunits. P2X receptors are discovered mostly in mammalian and are being found in an increasing number of non-vertebrates, such as zebrafish, bullfrog, and ameba. P2X receptors are involved in many physiological processes, including regulation of heart rhythm and contractility, and regulation of pain, especially chronic pain and glia integration. This review summarizes the current studies on the regulation of P2X receptors in abnormal neuronal-glial interaction and the pathological changes in viscera, especially in myocardial ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Wang
- Undergraduate student of class 156 of Nanchang University Queen Marry University of London Joint programme, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Runan Yang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi Y, Li Y, Yin J, Hu H, Xue M, Li X, Cheng W, Wang Y, Li X, Wang Y, Tan J, Yan S. A novel sympathetic neuronal GABAergic signalling system regulates NE release to prevent ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 227:e13315. [PMID: 31116911 PMCID: PMC6813916 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Overactivation of the sympathetic nerve may lead to severe ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) after myocardial infarction (MI). Thus, targeting sympathetic nerve activity is an effective strategy to prevent VAs clinically. The superior cervical ganglion (SCG), the extracardiac sympathetic ganglion innervating cardiac muscles, has been found to have a GABAergic signalling system, the physiological significance of which is obscure. We aimed to explore the functional significance of SCG post MI and whether the GABAergic signal system is involved in the process. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven different groups. Rats in the MI groups underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. All animals were used for electrophysiological testing, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) testing, and ELISA. Primary SCG sympathetic neurons were used for the in vitro study. RESULTS The GABAA receptor agonist muscimol significantly decreased the ATP-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ (P < 0.05). GABA treatment in MI rats significantly attenuated the level of serum and cardiac norepinephrine (NE; P < 0.05). Sympathetic activity and inducible VAs were also lower in MI + GABA rats than in MI rats (P < 0.05). Knockdown of the GABAA Rs β2 subunit (GABAA Rβ2 ) in the SCG of MI rats increased the NE levels in serum and cardiac tissue, RSNA and inducible VAs compared with vehicle shRNA (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The GABAergic signalling system is functionally expressed in SCG sympathetic neurons, and activation of this system suppresses sympathetic activity, thereby facilitating cardiac protection and making it a potential target to alleviate VAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yugen Shi
- Department of CardiologyShandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong UniversityShandongChina
| | - Yan Li
- Medical Research CenterShandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong UniversityShandongChina
- School of MedicineShandong UniversityShandongChina
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of CardiologyShandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong UniversityShandongChina
| | - Hesheng Hu
- Department of CardiologyShandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong UniversityShandongChina
| | - Mei Xue
- Department of CardiologyShandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong UniversityShandongChina
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of CardiologyShandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong UniversityShandongChina
| | - Wenjuan Cheng
- Department of CardiologyShandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong UniversityShandongChina
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of CardiologyShandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong UniversityShandongChina
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of CardiologyShandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong UniversityShandongChina
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of CardiologyShandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong UniversityShandongChina
| | - Jiayu Tan
- Department of CardiologyShandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong UniversityShandongChina
| | - Suhua Yan
- Department of CardiologyShandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong UniversityShandongChina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gong Y, Zhou Y, Yang J, Li S, Wang Z, Rao J, Li L, Yuan H, Shi L, Yang R, Xu X, Liu S, Liang S, Zou L. Abnormal sympathetic activity after myocardial ischemia involving P2X4 in dorsal root ganglia. Brain Res Bull 2019; 149:216-221. [PMID: 31051227 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The satellite glial cells (SGCs) of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) expressed P2X4 receptor. In this study, we investigated the abnormal sympathetic activity after myocardial ischemia (MI) involving P2X4 receptor in the cervical DRG SGC. The results showed that MI injury upregulated the P2X4 receptor mRNA and protein in DRG, and the upregulated P2X4 receptor was co-localized with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in DRG SGCs. P2X4 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) treatment decreased the expression of P2X4 receptor, counteracted the upregulation of GFAP and IL-1β and inhibited P38MAPK phosphorylation in DRG of MI rats. These results indicate that application of P2X4 shRNA may reduce P2X4-mediated nociceptive signal via inhibiting DRG afferents to alleviate the abnormal sympathetic activity induced by MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Gong
- Undergraduate student of Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Undergraduate student of Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjian Yang
- Undergraduate student of Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunhua Li
- Undergraduate student of Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilin Wang
- Undergraduate student of Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingan Rao
- Undergraduate student of Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilong Yuan
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Liran Shi
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Runan Yang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lifang Zou
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang L, Li X, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Ma Q. Oxymatrine ameliorates diabetes-induced aortic endothelial dysfunction via the regulation of eNOS and NOX4. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:7323-7332. [PMID: 30456880 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM Oxymatrine (OMT) is the major quinolizidine alkaloid extracted from the root of Sophora flavescens Ait (the Chinese herb Kushen) and exhibits diverse pharmacological actions. In this study, we investigated the effects of OMT on diabetes-associated aortic endothelial dysfunction in a rat model of diabetes and its mechanisms. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, diabetic rats, diabetic rats treated with OMT (60, 120 mg/kg per day, by gavage), and diabetic rats treated with metformin (20 mg/kg per day, by gavage). The serum fasting blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined with commercial kits. Biochemical indices reflecting oxidative stress, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were analyzed with commercial kits. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) was measured by fluorescence microscopy. Histological analyses were conducted to observe morphological changes. Western blot analysis was applied to detect the expression levels of eNOS and NOX4. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expressions of eNOS and NOX4 messenger RNA (mRNA). RESULTS The diabetic rats exhibited markedly reduced body weight and increased plasma glucose levels. Moreover, the diabetic rats showed oxidative stress (significantly increased MDA and decreased SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and serum NO levels). Hyperglycemia caused significant endothelial injury and dysfunction, including vasodilative and histologic changes in the diabetic rats. The expressions of phospho-eNOS protein and mRNA were significantly decreased, while the NOX4 protein expression was increased in the aortas of the diabetic rats. All of these diabetes-induced effects were reversed by OMT in the diabetic rats. CONCLUSION The OMT treatment ameliorates diabetic endothelial dysfunction through enhanced NO bioavailability by upregulating eNOS expression and downregulating expression of NOX4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinliang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Institue of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- 2016 Class B, Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongpan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institue of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Department of clinic, Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, China
| | - Yinzhuang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qilin Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zou L, Gong Y, Liu S, Liang S. Natural compounds acting at P2 receptors alleviate peripheral neuropathy. Brain Res Bull 2018; 151:125-131. [PMID: 30599217 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is generally resistant to currently available treatments, and it is often a consequence of nerve injury due to surgery, diabetes or infection. Myocardial ischemic nociceptive signaling increases the sympathoexcitatory reflex to aggravate myocardial injury. Elucidation of the pathogenetic factors might provide a target for optimal treatment. Abundant evidence in the literature suggests that P2X and P2Y receptors play important roles in signal transmission. Traditional Chinese medicines, such as emodin, puerarin and resveratrol, antagonize nociceptive transmission mediated by purinergic 2 (P2) receptors in primary afferent neurons. This review summarizes recently published data on P2 receptor-mediated neuropathic pain and myocardial ischemia in dorsal root ganglia (DRG), superior cervical ganglia (SCG) and stellate ganglia (SG), with a special focus on the beneficial role of natural compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zou
- Neuropharmacological Labratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, Peoples Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxin Gong
- Undergraduate student of the First Clinical Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Neuropharmacological Labratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, Peoples Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Neuropharmacological Labratory of Physiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, Peoples Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Knockdown the P2X3 receptor in the stellate ganglia of rats relieved the diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Neurochem Int 2018; 120:206-212. [PMID: 30196147 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) is a common and serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is manifested by nerve fiber injury in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve of the autonomic nervous system, and causes hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, silent myocardial infarction, and sudden death. Our previous study observed that P2X3 receptor in superior cervical ganglia in rat was associated with sympathetic neuropathy caused by myocardial ischemia. However, whether the P2X3 receptor is involved in the diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this research was explored the effect of P2X3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) on information transmission of sympathetic nerve induced by DCAN. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control, DM, DM treated with P2X3 shRNA and DM treated with scramble shRNA. Blood pressure, heart rate and heart rate variability were measured in each group. The expression of P2X3 in stellate ganglion (SG) was detected by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and QPCR. Results showed that P2X3 shRNA alleviated blood pressure and heart rate, improved heart rate variability, decreased the up-regulated expression levels of P2X3, interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in stellate ganglion (SG) of diabetic rats. P2X3 shRNA also reduced the incremental concentration of serum epinephrine and the phosphorylation level of extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2 in diabetic rats. These results indicated that P2X3 shRNA could decrease sympathetic activity via inhibiting P2X3 receptor in the SG to alleviate DCAN.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zou L, Han X, Liu S, Gong Y, Wu B, Yi Z, Liu H, Zhao S, Jia T, Li L, Yuan H, Shi L, Zhang C, Gao Y, Li G, Xu H, Liang S. Baicalin Depresses the Sympathoexcitatory Reflex Induced by Myocardial Ischemia via the Dorsal Root Ganglia. Front Physiol 2018; 9:928. [PMID: 30065662 PMCID: PMC6056627 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia (MI) is one of the major causes of death in cardiac diseases. Purinergic signaling is involved in bidirectional neuronal-glial communication in the primary sensory ganglia. The sensory neuritis of cardiac afferent neurons in cervical dorsal root ganglion (cDRG) interacts with cardiac sympathetic efferent postganglionic neurons, forming feedback loops. The P2Y12 receptor is expressed in satellite glial cells (SGCs) of DRG. Baicalin is a major active ingredient extracted from natural herbal medicines, which has anti-inflammatory and strong anti-oxidation properties. In this study we investigated the effect of baicalin on P2Y12 receptor in the cervical DRG SGC-mediated sympathoexcitatory reflex, which is increased during MI. The results showed that the expression of P2Y12 receptor mRNA and protein in DRG, and the co-localization values of P2Y12 receptor and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in cDRG SGCs were increased after MI. The activated SGCs increased IL-1β protein expression and elevated Akt phosphorylation in cDRG. Baicalin treatment inhibited the upregulation of the P2Y12 receptor, GFAP protein and Akt phosphorylation in cDRG neurons/SGCs. The stellate ganglia (SG) affect cardiac sympathetic activity. Baicalin treatment also decreased the upregulation of the P2Y12 receptor, GFAP protein in the SG. The P2Y12 agonist, 2Me-SADP, increased [Ca2+]i in HEK293 cells transfected with the P2Y12 receptor plasmid and SGCs in cDRG. These results indicate that application of baicalin alleviates pathologic sympathetic activity induced by MI via inhibition of afferents in the cDRG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinyao Han
- First Clinical Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingxin Gong
- First Clinical Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihua Yi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanhong Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianyu Jia
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Huilong Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Liran Shi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhu G, Chen Z, Dai B, Zheng C, Jiang H, Xu Y, Sheng X, Guo J, Dan Y, Liang S, Li G. Chronic lead exposure enhances the sympathoexcitatory response associated with P2X4 receptor in rat stellate ganglia. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:631-639. [PMID: 29457680 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lead exposure causes peripheral sympathetic nerve stimulation, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Purinergic receptors are involved in the sympathoexcitatory response induced by myocardial ischemia injury. However, whether P2X4 receptor participates in sympathoexcitatory response induced by chronic lead exposure and the possible mechanisms are still unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the change of the sympathoexcitatory response induced by chronic lead exposure via the P2X4 receptor in the stellate ganglion (SG). Rats were given lead acetate through drinking water freely at doses of 0 g/L (control group), 0.5 g/L (low lead group), and 2 g/L (high lead group) for 1 year. Our results demonstrated that lead exposure caused autonomic nervous dysfunction, including blood pressure and heart rate increased and heart rate variability (HRV) decreased. Western blotting results indicated that after lead exposure, the protein expression levels in the SG of P2X4 receptor, IL-1β and Cx43 were up-regulated, the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was activated. Real-time PCR results showed that the mRNA expression of P2X4 receptor in the SG was higher in lead exposure group than that in the control group. Double-labeled immunofluorescence results showed that P2X4 receptor was co-expressed with glutamine synthetase (GS), the marker of satellite glial cells (SGCs). These changes were positively correlated with the dose of lead exposure. The up-regulated expression of P2X4 receptor in SGCs of the SG maybe enhance the sympathoexcitatory response induced by chronic lead exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaochun Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenying Chen
- The Fourth Clinical, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bo Dai
- The Fourth Clinical, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chaoran Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huaide Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yurong Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuan Sheng
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Dan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi HJ, Song HB, Wang L, Xiao SX, Bo KP, Ma W. The synergy of diammonium glycyrrhizinate remarkably reduces the toxicity of oxymatrine in ICR mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:19-25. [PMID: 29080454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most traditional Chinese medicine prescription dosages are imprecise. This study analyzes the toxicities and adverse effects of a combination the active ingredients of licorice and Kushen medicine: oxymatrine (OMT) and diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG). The median lethal dose (LD50) and mortality were analyzed in single-dose OMT (or DG) intraperitoneally injected mice with or without combination DG (or OMT). Body weight changes as well as levels of serum sodium and potassium, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine, and urea were measured in mice treated with a daily dose of OMT and/or DG for 14days. This study showed that the LD50 of OMT for males and females were 347.44 and 429.15mg/kg, respectively. The LD50 of DG were 525.10 and 997.26mg/kg for males and females, respectively. DG significantly decreased the mice LD50-induced mortality of the OMT, however OMT did not succeed in reducing the LD50-induced mortality rate of DG. The combination of OMT and DG obviously attenuated the changes of the body weight, serum sodium, and potassium induced by DG or OMT alone. These results suggested that toxicity and adverse effects of the OMT was significantly attenuated by DG. The OMT neutralized the adverse effects of the DG, but not the toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Shi
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi'an, Shanxi Province, 710004, China; Department of Dermatovenereology, Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China.
| | - Hong-Bin Song
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China.
| | - Sheng-Xiang Xiao
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi'an, Shanxi Province, 710004, China.
| | - Kai-Ping Bo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zou L, Gong Y, Zhao S, Yi Z, Han X, Wu B, Jia T, Li L, Yuan H, Shi L, Zhang C, Gao Y, Li G, Xu H, Liu H, Liang S, Liu S. Downregulation of P2Y12in the superior cervical ganglia alleviates abnormal sympathetic activity after myocardial ischemia. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3375-3383. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zou
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Yingxin Gong
- First Clinical Department; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Shanhong Zhao
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Yi
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
- Nursing College; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Xinyao Han
- First Clinical Department; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Jia
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Huilong Yuan
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Liran Shi
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology; Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease; Nanchang Jiangxi P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tu G, Zou L, Liu S, Wu B, Lv Q, Wang S, Xue Y, Zhang C, Yi Z, Zhang X, Li G, Liang S. Long noncoding NONRATT021972 siRNA normalized abnormal sympathetic activity mediated by the upregulation of P2X7 receptor in superior cervical ganglia after myocardial ischemia. Purinergic Signal 2016; 12:521-35. [PMID: 27215605 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that the upregulation of the P2X7 receptor in cervical sympathetic ganglia was involved in myocardial ischemic (MI) injury. The dysregulated expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participates in the onset and progression of many pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) against the NONRATT021972 lncRNA on the abnormal changes of cardiac function mediated by the up-regulation of the P2X7 receptor in the superior cervical ganglia (SCG) after myocardial ischemia. When the MI rats were treated with NONRATT021972 siRNA, their increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), low-frequency (LF) power, and LF/HF ratio were reduced to normal levels. However, the decreased high-frequency (HF) power was increased. GAP43 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) are markers of nerve sprouting and sympathetic nerve fibers, respectively. We found that the TH/GAP43 value was significantly increased in the MI group. However, it was reduced after the MI rats were treated with NONRATT021972 siRNA. The serum norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) concentrations were decreased in the MI rats that were treated with NONRATT021972 siRNA. Meanwhile, the increased P2X7 mRNA and protein levels and the increased p-ERK1/2 expression in the SCG were also reduced. NONRATT021972 siRNA treatment inhibited the P2X7 agonist BzATP-activated currents in HEK293 cells transfected with pEGFP-P2X7. Our findings suggest that NONRATT021972 siRNA could decrease the upregulation of the P2X7 receptor and improve the abnormal changes in cardiac function after myocardial ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Tu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiulan Lv
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Xue
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Yi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Life Science of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lu ML, Xiang XH, Xia SH. Potential Signaling Pathways Involved in the Clinical Application of Oxymatrine. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1104-12. [PMID: 27165263 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxymatrine, an alkaloid component extracted from the roots of Sophora species, has been shown to have antiinflammatory, antifibrosis, and antitumor effects and the ability to protect against myocardial damage, etc. The potential signaling pathways involved in the clinical application of oxymatrine might include the TGF-β/Smad, toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, toll-like receptor9/TRAF6, Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt, delta-opioid receptor-arrestinl-Bcl-2, CD40, epidermal growth factor receptor, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathways, and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase/asymmetric dimethylarginine metabolism pathway. In this review, we summarize the recent investigations of the signaling pathways related to oxymatrine to provide clues and references for further studies on its clinical application. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Lu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xiang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Shi-Hai Xia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The effects of NONRATT021972 lncRNA siRNA on PC12 neuronal injury mediated by P2X7 receptor after exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Purinergic Signal 2016; 12:479-87. [PMID: 27100355 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) participates in signal transmission by acting on P2X receptors, and the P2X7 receptor is involved in the pathophysiological changes of ischemic injury. The PC12 cell line is a popular model system to study sympathetic neuronal function. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are highly expressed in the nervous system and serve as regulatory RNAs. In this study, the effects of NONRATT021972 lncRNA siRNA on P2X7-mediated PC12 neuronal injury after exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) were investigated. Our results showed that the viability of PC12 cells cultured with OGD or the P2X7 agonist BzATP was significantly decreased. Treatment with NONRATT021972 siRNA reversed the decreased viability of PC12 cells under OGD conditions. The upregulated P2X7 mRNA and protein levels in PC12 cells under OGD conditions or BzATP treatment were significantly decreased when pretreated with NONRATT021972 siRNA. Moreover, NONRATT021972 siRNA treatment effectively suppressed the increase in [Ca(2+)]i induced by OGD or P2X7 agonists (ATP or BzATP) in PC12 cells. Therefore, treatment with NONRATT021972 siRNA may decrease sympathetic neuronal injury induced by ischemia.
Collapse
|
21
|
lncRNA NONRATT021972 siRNA Decreases Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Mediated by the P2X 3 Receptor in Dorsal Root Ganglia. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:511-523. [PMID: 26742527 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for more than 90 % of all cases of diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common complication of T2DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lncRNA NONRATT021972 small interference RNA (siRNA) on DNP mediated by the P2X3 receptor in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). These experiments showed that the expression levels of NONRATT021972 in DRG were increased in the T2DM rat model (intraperitoneal injection of STZ with 30 mg/kg). The concentration of NONRATT021972 in T2DM patient serum was higher compared to control healthy subjects. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) in T2DM rats were lower compared to control rats. MWT and TWL in T2DM rats treated with NONRATT021972 siRNA were higher compared with those in T2DM rats. The expression levels of the P2X3 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) of T2DM rat DRG were higher compared to the control, while those in T2DM rats treated with NONRATT021972 siRNA were significantly lower compared to T2DM rats. The level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the serum of T2DM rats treated with NONRATT021972 siRNA was significantly decreased compared with T2DM rats. NONRATT021972 siRNA inhibited the phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2 in T2DM DRG. Thus, NONRATT021972 siRNA treatment may suppress the upregulated expression and activation of the P2X3 receptor and reduce the hyperalgesia potentiated by the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in T2DM rats.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zou L, Tu G, Xie W, Wen S, Xie Q, Liu S, Li G, Gao Y, Xu H, Wang S, Xue Y, Wu B, Lv Q, Ying M, Zhang X, Liang S. LncRNA NONRATT021972 involved the pathophysiologic processes mediated by P2X7 receptors in stellate ganglia after myocardial ischemic injury. Purinergic Signal 2015; 12:127-37. [PMID: 26630943 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) acts on P2X receptors to initiate signal transmission. P2X7 receptors play a role in the pathophysiological process of myocardial ischemic injury. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in numerous biological functions independent of protein translation. LncRNAs are implicated in nervous system diseases. This study investigated the effects of NONRATT021972 small interference RNA (siRNA) on the pathophysiologic processes mediated by P2X7 receptors in stellate ganglia (SG) after myocardial ischemic injury. Our results demonstrated that the expression of NONRATT021972 in SG was significantly higher in the myocardial ischemic (MI) group than in the control group. Treatment of MI rats with NONRATT021972 siRNA, the P2X7 antagonist brilliant blue G (BBG), or P2X7 siRNA improved the histology of injured ischemic cardiac tissues and decreased the elevated concentrations of serum myocardial enzymes, creatine kinase (CK), CK isoform MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared to the MI rats. NONRATT021972 siRNA, BBG, or P2X7 siRNA treatment in MI rats decreased the expression levels of P2X7 immunoreactivity, P2X7 messenger RNA (mRNA), and P2X7 protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in the SG compared to MI rats. NONRATT021972 siRNA treatment prevented the pathophysiologic processes mediated by P2X7 receptors in the SG after myocardial ischemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihua Tu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xie
- Undergraduate student of grade 2012, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyao Wen
- Undergraduate student of grade 2012, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyu Xie
- Undergraduate student of grade 2012, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Xue
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiulan Lv
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Mofeng Ying
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen WW, Xiong XQ, Chen Q, Li YH, Kang YM, Zhu GQ. Cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex and its implications for sympathetic activation in chronic heart failure and hypertension. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:778-94. [PMID: 25598170 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Persistent excessive sympathetic activation greatly contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF) and hypertension. Cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) is a sympathoexcitatory reflex with positive feedback characteristics. Humoral factors such as bradykinin, adenosine and reactive oxygen species produced in myocardium due to myocardial ischaemia stimulate cardiac sympathetic afferents and thereby reflexly increase sympathetic activity and blood pressure. The CSAR is enhanced in myocardial ischaemia, CHF and hypertension. The enhanced CSAR at least partially contributes to the sympathetic activation and pathogenesis of these diseases. Nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and rostral ventrolateral medulla are the most important central sites involved in the modulation and integration of the CSAR. Angiotensin II, AT1 receptors and NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide anions pathway in the PVN are mainly responsible for the enhanced CSAR in CHF and hypertension. Central angiotensin-(1-7), nitric oxide, endothelin, intermedin, hydrogen peroxide and several other signal molecules are involved in regulating CSAR. Blockade of the CSAR shows beneficial effects in CHF and hypertension. This review focuses on the anatomical and physiological basis of the CSAR, the interaction of CSAR with baroreflex and chemoreflex, and the role of enhanced CSAR in the pathogenesis of CHF and hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W.-W. Chen
- Department of Physiology; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - X.-Q. Xiong
- Department of Physiology; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Q. Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Y.-H. Li
- Department of Pathophysiology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Y.-M. Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Cardiovascular Research Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Xi'an China
| | - G.-Q. Zhu
- Department of Physiology; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Burnstock G, Pelleg A. Cardiac purinergic signalling in health and disease. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:1-46. [PMID: 25527177 PMCID: PMC4336308 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-014-9436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is a historical account about purinergic signalling in the heart, for readers to see how ideas and understanding have changed as new experimental results were published. Initially, the focus is on the nervous control of the heart by ATP as a cotransmitter in sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves, as well as in intracardiac neurons. Control of the heart by centers in the brain and vagal cardiovascular reflexes involving purines are also discussed. The actions of adenine nucleotides and nucleosides on cardiomyocytes, atrioventricular and sinoatrial nodes, cardiac fibroblasts, and coronary blood vessels are described. Cardiac release and degradation of ATP are also described. Finally, the involvement of purinergic signalling and its therapeutic potential in cardiac pathophysiology is reviewed, including acute and chronic heart failure, ischemia, infarction, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, syncope, hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, angina, diabetic cardiomyopathy, as well as heart transplantation and coronary bypass grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK,
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang J, Liu S, Xu B, Li G, Li G, Huang A, Wu B, Peng L, Song M, Xie Q, Lin W, Xie W, Wen S, Zhang Z, Xu X, Liang S. Study of baicalin on sympathoexcitation induced by myocardial ischemia via P2X3 receptor in superior cervical ganglia. Auton Neurosci 2014; 189:8-15. [PMID: 25554221 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
After the myocardial ischemia, injured myocardial tissues released large quantity of ATP, which activated P2X3 receptor in superior cervical ganglia and made the SCG postganglionic neurons excited. Excitatory of sympathetic postganglionic efferent neurons increased the blood pressure and heart rates, which aggravated the myocardial ischemic injury. Baicalin has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Our study showed that baicalin reduced the incremental concentration of serum CK-MB, cTn-T, epinephrine and ATP, decreased the up-regulated expression levels of P2X3 mRNA and protein in SCG after MI, and then inhibited the sympathetic excitatory activity triggered by MI injury. These results indicated that baicalin acted on P2X3 receptor was involved in the transmission of sympathetic excitation after the myocardial ischemic injury. Baicalin might decrease sympathetic activity via inhibiting P2X3 receptor in rat SCG to protect the myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Baohua Xu
- Department of Laboratory Animal, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - An Huang
- Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Lichao Peng
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Song
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Xie
- 2012 Grade of Department of Clinical Medicine of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Weijian Lin
- 2012 Grade of Department of Clinical Medicine of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Wei Xie
- 2012 Grade of Department of Clinical Medicine of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shiyao Wen
- 2012 Grade of Department of Clinical Medicine of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Zhedong Zhang
- 2012 Grade of Department of Clinical Medicine of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Information Engineering College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Institute of Life Science of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Puerarin alleviates aggravated sympathoexcitatory response induced by myocardial ischemia via regulating P2X3 receptor in rat superior cervical ganglia. Neurochem Int 2014; 70:39-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
27
|
Fan B, Liu S, Xu C, Liu J, Kong F, Li G, Zhang C, Gao Y, Xu H, Yu S, Zheng C, Peng L, Song M, Wu B, Lv Q, Zou L, Ying M, Zhang X, Liang S. The role of P2X7 receptor in PC12 cells after exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Auton Neurosci 2014; 185:36-42. [PMID: 24746144 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays an important role in signal transmission via acting on P2X receptors. P2X7 receptor is involved in pathophysiological changes of ischemic diseases. The PC12 cell line is a popular model system to study sympathetic neuronal function. In this study, the effects of P2X7 on the viability or [Ca(2+)]i in PC12 cells after exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) were investigated. The results showed that the viability of PC12 cells was decreased under the condition of OGD. BzATP, a P2X7 agonist, decreased the viability, while P2X7 antagonist oxATP or P2X7 siRNA reversed the viability of PC12 cells under the condition of OGD. The expression levels of P2X7 mRNA and protein in PC12 cells were up-regulated under the condition of OGD or BzATP treatment. The expression levels of P2X7 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in OGD PC12 cells, which were pretreated with oxATP or P2X7 siRNA. It was also found that oxATP or P2X7 siRNA effectively suppressed the increase of [Ca(2+)]i induced by OGD. P2X7 agonist ATP or BzATP enhanced the [Ca(2+)]i rise induced by OGD in PC12 cells. The [Ca(2+)]i peak induced by ATP or BzATP in OGD group was decreased by ERK inhibitor U0126. Therefore, P2X7 antagonists or P2X7 siRNA could depress the sympathetic neuronal damage induced by ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Changshui Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Fanjun Kong
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chaoran Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Lichao Peng
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Song
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Qiulan Lv
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Mofeng Ying
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu S, Zhang C, Shi Q, Li G, Song M, Gao Y, Xu C, Xu H, Fan B, Yu S, Zheng C, Zhu Q, Wu B, Peng L, Xiong H, Wu Q, Liang S. Puerarin blocks the signaling transmission mediated by P2X3 in SG and DRG to relieve myocardial ischemic damage. Brain Res Bull 2014; 101:57-63. [PMID: 24447636 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
P2X₃ receptors in stellate ganglia (SG) and cervical dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons are involved in sympathoexcitatory reflex induced by myocardial ischemic damage. Puerarin, a major active ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese plant medicine Ge-gen, has been widely used in treatment of myocardial and cerebral ischemia. The present study is aimed to observe the effects of puerarin on the signaling transmission mediated by P2X₃ receptor in SG and DRG after myocardial ischemic damage. Our results showed that systolic blood pressure and heart rate increased, and the expression levels of P2X₃ mRNA and protein in SG and DRG were up-regulated after myocardial ischemic damage. Puerarin reduced systolic blood pressure and heart rate, relieved pain and decreased up-regulated expression of P2X₃ mRNA and protein in SG and DRG after myocardial ischemia. Puerarin inhibited the up-regulated ATP-activated currents in DRG neurons after myocardial ischemia. Thus, puerarin can relieve myocardial ischemic damage through blocking the P2X₃ signaling transmission and then depressed the aggravated sympathoexcitatory reflex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Qingming Shi
- Orthopedics Department of Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Song
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Changshui Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Bo Fan
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chaoran Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Qicheng Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Lichao Peng
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Huangui Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Burnstock G, Ralevic V. Purinergic signaling and blood vessels in health and disease. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 66:102-92. [PMID: 24335194 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling plays important roles in control of vascular tone and remodeling. There is dual control of vascular tone by ATP released as a cotransmitter with noradrenaline from perivascular sympathetic nerves to cause vasoconstriction via P2X1 receptors, whereas ATP released from endothelial cells in response to changes in blood flow (producing shear stress) or hypoxia acts on P2X and P2Y receptors on endothelial cells to produce nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, which dilates vessels. ATP is also released from sensory-motor nerves during antidromic reflex activity to produce relaxation of some blood vessels. In this review, we stress the differences in neural and endothelial factors in purinergic control of different blood vessels. The long-term (trophic) actions of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides in promoting migration and proliferation of both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells via P1 and P2Y receptors during angiogenesis and vessel remodeling during restenosis after angioplasty are described. The pathophysiology of blood vessels and therapeutic potential of purinergic agents in diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemia, thrombosis and stroke, diabetes, and migraine, is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; and Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu J, Li G, Peng H, Tu G, Kong F, Liu S, Gao Y, Xu H, Qiu S, Fan B, Zhu Q, Yu S, Zheng C, Wu B, Peng L, Song M, Wu Q, Li G, Liang S. Sensory-sympathetic coupling in superior cervical ganglia after myocardial ischemic injury facilitates sympathoexcitatory action via P2X7 receptor. Purinergic Signal 2013; 9:463-79. [PMID: 23754120 PMCID: PMC3757147 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X receptors participate in cardiovascular regulation and disease. After myocardial ischemic injury, sensory-sympathetic coupling between rat cervical DRG nerves and superior cervical ganglia (SCG) facilitated sympathoexcitatory action via P2X7 receptor. The results showed that after myocardial ischemic injury, the systolic blood pressure, heart rate, serum cardiac enzymes, IL-6, and TNF-α were increased, while the levels of P2X7 mRNA and protein in SCG were also upregulated. However, these alterations diminished after treatment of myocardial ischemic (MI) rats with the P2X7 antagonist oxATP. After siRNA P2X7 in MI rats, the systolic blood pressure, heart rate, serum cardiac enzymes, the expression levels of the satellite glial cell (SGC) or P2X7 were significantly lower than those in MI group. The phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in SCG participated in the molecular mechanism of the sympathoexcitatory action induced by the myocardial ischemic injury. Retrograde tracing test revealed the sprouting of CGRP or SP sensory nerves (the markers of sensory afferent fibers) from DRG to SCG neurons. The upregulated P2X7 receptor promoted the activation of SGCs in SCG, resulting in the formation of sensory-sympathetic coupling which facilitated the sympathoexcitatory action. P2X7 antagonist oxATP could inhibit the activation of SGCs and interrupt the formation of sensory-sympathetic coupling in SCG after the myocardial ischemic injury. Our findings may benefit the treatment of coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guilin Li
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiying Peng
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guihua Tu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanjun Kong
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Gao
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Qiu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Fan
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qicheng Zhu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Zheng
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Wu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lichao Peng
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Song
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Wu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guodong Li
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
- />Key Laboratory of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kong F, Liu S, Xu C, Liu J, Li G, Li G, Gao Y, Lin H, Tu G, Peng H, Qiu S, Fan B, Zhu Q, Yu S, Zheng C, Liang S. Electrophysiological studies of upregulated P2X7 receptors in rat superior cervical ganglia after myocardial ischemic injury. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:230-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
32
|
Tu G, Li G, Peng H, Hu J, Liu J, Kong F, Liu S, Gao Y, Xu C, Xu X, Qiu S, Fan B, Zhu Q, Yu S, Zheng C, Wu B, Peng L, Song M, Wu Q, Liang S. P2X(7) inhibition in stellate ganglia prevents the increased sympathoexcitatory reflex via sensory-sympathetic coupling induced by myocardial ischemic injury. Brain Res Bull 2013; 96:71-85. [PMID: 23688519 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling has been found to participate in the regulation of cardiovascular function. In this study, using a rat myocardial ischemic injury model, the sympathoexcitatory reflex mediated by P2X7 receptor via sensory-sympathetic coupling between cervical dorsal root ganglia (DRG) nerves and stellate ganglia (SG) nerves was explored. Our results showed that the systolic blood pressure, heart rate, serum cardiac enzymes concentrations, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations were increased, and the expression levels of P2X7 mRNA and protein in DRG and SG were up-regulated after myocardial ischemic injury. Administration of brilliant blue G (BBG), a selective P2X7 antagonist, decreased the elevation of systolic blood pressure, heart rate, serum cardiac enzyme, IL-6 and TNF-α, and inhibited the up-regulated expression of P2X7 mRNA and protein in DRG and SG after myocardial ischemic injury. Retrograde tracing test showed that there were calcitonin gene-related peptide sensory nerves and substance P sensory nerves sprouting from DRG to SG, which played an important role in the development of myocardial ischemic injury. The up-regulated P2X7 receptor expression levels on the surface membrane of satellite glial cells contributed to the activation of sensory-sympathetic coupling, which in turn facilitated the sympathoexcitatory reflex. BBG can inhibit the activation of satellite glial cells and interrupt the generation of sensory-sympathetic coupling in the cervical sympathetic ganglia after the myocardial ischemic injury. Taken together, these findings may provide a new therapeutic approach for treating coronary heart disease, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Tu
- Department of Physiology, Information Engineering College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Vatalanib decrease the positive interaction of VEGF receptor-2 and P2X2/3 receptor in chronic constriction injury rats. Neurochem Int 2012; 60:565-72. [PMID: 22361062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain can arise from a lesion affecting the peripheral nervous system. Selective P2X(3) and P2X(2/3) receptors' antagonists effectively reduce neuropathic pain. VEGF inhibitors are effective for pain relief. The present study investigated the effects of Vatalanib (VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) inhibitor) on the neuropathic pain to address the interaction of VEGFR-2 and P2X(2/3) receptor in dorsal root ganglia of chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats. Neuropathic pain symptoms following CCI are similar to most peripheral lesions as assessed by the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, CCI group and CCI rats treated with Vatalanib group. Mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency were measured. Co-expression of VEGFR-2 and P2X(2) or P2X(3) in L4-6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) was detected by double-label immunofluorescence. The modulation effect of VEGF on P2X(2/3) receptor agonist-activated currents in freshly isolated DRG neurons of rats both of sham and CCI rats was recorded by whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) in CCI group were lower than those in sham group (p<0.05). MWT and TWL in CCI rats treated with Vatalanib group were increased compared with those in CCI group (p<0.05). VEGFR-2 and P2X(2) or P2X(3) receptors were co-expressed in the cytoplasm and surface membranes of DRG. The co-expression of VEGFR-2 and P2X(2) or P2X(3) receptor in CCI group exhibited more intense staining than those in sham group and CCI rats treated with Vatalanib group, respectively. VEGF enhanced the amplitude of ATP and α,β-meATP -activated currents of both sham and CCI rats. Increment effects of VEGF on ATP and α,β-meATP -activated currents in CCI rats were higher than those in sham rats. Both ATP (100 μM) and α,β-meATP (10 μM)- activated currents enhanced by VEGF ( 1nM) were significantly blocked by Vatalanib (1 μM, an inhibitor of VEGF receptors). The stain values of VEGFR-2, P2X(2) and P2X(3) protein expression in L4/5 DRG of CCI treated with Vatalanib group were significantly decreased compared with those in CCI group (p<0.01). Vatalanib can alleviate chronic neuropathic pain by decreasing the activation of VEGF on VEGFR-2 and the positive interaction between the up-regulated VEGFR-2 and P2X(2/3) receptors in the neuropathic pain signaling.
Collapse
|
34
|
Effects of anti-rVEGF on the expression of VEGF receptor-2 and P2X2/3 receptors of the spinal dorsal horn in neuropathic pain rats. Brain Res Bull 2012; 87:227-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
35
|
Xu C, Xu W, Xu H, Xiong W, Gao Y, Li G, Liu S, Xie J, Tu G, Peng H, Qiu S, Liang S. Role of puerarin in the signalling of neuropathic pain mediated by P2X3 receptor of dorsal root ganglion neurons. Brain Res Bull 2011; 87:37-43. [PMID: 22044944 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue injury or inflammation of the nervous system may result in chronic neuropathic pain characterized by sensitivity to painful stimuli. P2X(3) receptors play a crucial role in facilitating pain transmission. Puerarin is an active compound of a traditional Chinese medicine Ge-gen, and Ge-gen soup has anti-inflammatory effects. The present research investigated the role of puerarin in the signalling of chronic neuropathic pain mediated by P2X(3) receptors of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model was adopted. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank control group (Ctrl), sham group (Sham), puerarin-treated control group (Ctrl+PUE), chronic constriction injury (CCI) group and puerarin-treated CCI group (CCI+PUE). Mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured by the von-Frey test and the Hargreaves' test respectively. The stain values of P2X(3) protein and mRNA in L4/L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were detected by immunohistochemistry, western blot and in situ hybridization. At day 4-7 after the operation of CCI rats, MWT and TWL in group CCI and CCI+PUE were lower than those in group Ctrl, Sham and Ctrl+PUE, while there was no difference among group Ctrl, Sham and Ctrl+PUE. At day 7-10 after operation, MWT and TWL in group CCI+PUE was higher than those in group CCI, but there was no significant difference between group CCI+PUE and group Ctrl (p>0.05). At day 14 after operation, the stain values of P2X(3) proteins and mRNAs in L4/L5 DRG of group CCI were higher than those in group Ctrl, Sham, Ctrl+PUE and CCI+PUE, while the stain values of P2X(3) proteins and mRNAs in group CCI+PUE were significantly decreased compared with those in group CCI. Therefore, puerarin may alleviate neuropathic pain mediated by P2X(3) receptors in dorsal root ganglion neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changshui Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hypothermia down-regulates the LPS-induced norepinephrine (NE) release in ischaemic human heart cells. Brain Res Bull 2011; 87:67-73. [PMID: 21963948 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypothermia has been widely acknowledged as the fundamental component of myocardial protection during cardiac operations. In this work, we studied in human atrial tissue the effect of the common hypothermic protection used in cardiac surgery, and we assessed this effect by comparing catecholamine release among normoxic, ischaemic, and inflammatory conditions. Our results provide the first evidence that lipopolysaccharide treatment results in an extremely dramatic and significant increase in the resting norepinephrine release under ischaemic conditions that can be normalised by hypothermia. These findings demonstrate that inflammatory conditions increase the temperature sensitivity of the norepinephrine transporter in human cardiac tissue. When the possible pharmacological interventions are taken into consideration, the results presented here provide new insight into the protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury during cardiac surgery.
Collapse
|
37
|
Li X, Zhang J, Gao Y, Yang Y, Xu C, Li G, Guo G, Liu S, Xie J, Liang S. Puerarin alleviates burn-related procedural pain mediated by P2X(3) receptors. Purinergic Signal 2011; 7:489-97. [PMID: 21833698 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-011-9248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is a major problem after burns. Procedural pain evoked by burn dressing changes is common in patients, and its management is a critical part of treatment in acute burn injuries. Burn pain is very likely the most difficult form of acute pain to treat. ATP contributes to inflammation, and ATP is implicated in peripheral pain signaling via actions upon P2X(3) receptors. Puerarin is extracted from a traditional Chinese medicine and may act on P2X(3) receptor mechanisms. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) has been shown to be a sensitive indicator of pain intensity and treatment effects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are involved in nociception or pain after burn injury. Burn patients were randomly divided into normal saline (NS) group (salt solution is saline) and puerarin-treated group and pain (Visual Analogue Scale scores) and inflammation (PBMCs) measured. Burn pain produces a stress response, so blood glucose, insulin, and cortisol levels in burn patients were determined. Furthermore, the expression of P2X(3) protein and mRNA in PBMCs was detected. The VAS scores in the puerarin-treated group were lower than those in NS group. The blood glucose, insulin, and cortisol levels in the puerarin-treated group at post-dressing changes were significantly decreased in comparison with those in NS group. The expression levels of P2X(3) protein and mRNA in PBMCs of burn patients in NS group were significantly increased in comparison with those in the puerarin-treated group. Puerarin can antagonize inflammatory factors (such as ATP) and decrease the upregulated expressions of P2X(3) protein and mRNA in PBMCs after burns to decrease VAS. Thus, puerarin had an analgesic effect on procedural pain in dressing changes of burn patients related to P2X(3) receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|