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Zhao S, Yang J, Han X, Gong Y, Rao S, Wu B, Yi Z, Zou L, Jia T, Li L, Yuan H, Shi L, Zhang C, Gao Y, Li G, Liu S, Xu H, Liu H, Liang S. Effects of nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin on HIV-gp120-associated neuropathic pain induced by the P2X 3 receptor in dorsal root ganglia. Brain Res Bull 2017; 135:53-61. [PMID: 28962965 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Glycoprotein 120, gp120) can directly stimulate primary sensory afferent neurons and cause chronic neuropathic pain. The P2X3 receptor in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) is associated with the transmission of neuropathic pain. Curcumin isolated from the herb Curcuma rhizome has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. The water solubility, targeting and bioavailability of curcumin can be improved by nanoparticle encapsulation. In this study, we sought to explore the effects of nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin (nano curcumin) on HIV-gp120-induced neuropathic pain mediated by the P2X3 receptor in DRG neurons. The results showed that mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in rats treated with gp120 were increased compared to those in the control group. The expression levels of P2X3 mRNA and protein in rats treated with gp120 were higher than those in the control group. Nano curcumin treatment decreased mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia and upregulated the expression levels of P2X3 mRNA and protein in rats treated with gp120. Nano curcumin treatment also reduced the ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels in gp120-treated rat DRG. In addition, P2X3 agonist α,β-methylene ATP (α,β-meATP)-induced currents in DRG neurons cultured with gp120 significantly decreased after co-treatment with nano curcumin. Therefore, nano curcumin treatment may inhibit P2X3 activation, decrease the sensitizing DRG primary afferents and relieve mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia in gp120-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhong Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpu Yang
- Queen Mary School, Medical College of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyao Han
- Undergraduate Student of the First Clinical Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxin Gong
- Undergraduate Student of the First Clinical Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenqiang Rao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Yi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Nursing College, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Jia
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilong Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Liran Shi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Department of Cell Biology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China.
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Oliveira-Fusaro MCG, Zanoni CIS, Dos Santos GG, Manzo LP, Araldi D, Bonet IJM, Tambeli CH, Dias EV, Parada CA. Antihyperalgesic effect of CB 1 receptor activation involves the modulation of P2X 3 receptor in the primary afferent neuron. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 798:113-121. [PMID: 28131783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid system is a potential target for pain control. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) activation play a role in the analgesic effect of cannabinoids once it is expressed in primary afferent neurons. This study investigates whether the anti-hyperalgesic effect of CB1 receptor activation involves P2X3 receptor in primary afferent neurons. Mechanical hyperalgesia was evaluated by electronic von Frey test. Cannabinoid effect was evaluated using anandamide or ACEA, a non-selective or a selective CB1 receptor agonists, respectively; AM251, a CB1 receptor antagonist, and antisense ODN for CB1 receptor. Calcium imaging assay was performed to evaluated α,β-meATP-responsive cultured DRG neurons pretreated with ACEA. Anandamide or ACEA administered in peripheral tissue reduced the carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. The reduction in the carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia induced by ACEA was completely reversed by administration of AM251 as well as by the intrathecal treatment with antisense ODN for CB1 receptor. Also, ACEA reduced the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by bradykinin and by α,β-meATP, a P2X3 receptor non-selective agonist, but not by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and chemokine-induced chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1). Finally, CB1 receptors are co-localized with P2X3 receptors in DRG small-diameter neurons and the treatment with ACEA reduced the number of α,β-meATP-responsive cultured DRG neurons. Our data suggest that the analgesic effect of CB1 receptor activation is mediated by a negative modulation of the P2X3 receptor in the primary afferent neurons.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bradykinin/pharmacology
- Carrageenan/pharmacology
- Cell Size
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/pathology
- Hyperalgesia/chemically induced
- Hyperalgesia/drug therapy
- Hyperalgesia/metabolism
- Hyperalgesia/pathology
- Male
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Neurons, Afferent/pathology
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristiane Isabel Silva Zanoni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilson Gonçalves Dos Santos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Paulo Manzo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dionéia Araldi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan José Magayewski Bonet
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Herrera Tambeli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elayne Vieira Dias
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Yi Z, Rao S, Ouyang S, Bai Y, Yang J, Ma Y, Han X, Wu B, Zou L, Jia T, Zhao S, Hu X, Lei Q, Gao Y, Liu S, Xu H, Zhang C, Liang S, Li G. A317491 relieved HIV gp120-associated neuropathic pain involved in P2X 3 receptor in dorsal root ganglia. Brain Res Bull 2017; 130:81-89. [PMID: 28065732 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is an HIV envelope glycoprotein. Gp120 can directly stimulate the primary sensory afferent neurons and cause hyperalgesia. The P2X3 receptor in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) is involved in the transmission of pain. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of the P2X3 receptor in gp120-induced neuropathic pain. Our data showed that mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in rats treated with gp120 were increased compared to those in the control group. The expression levels of the P2X3 mRNA and protein in rats treated with gp120 were higher than those in the control group. The P2X3 antagonist A317491 decreased mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia and the up-regulated expression levels of P2X3 mRNA and protein in rats treated with gp120. A317491 decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels in the gp120-treated rat DRG. In addition, P2X3 agonist α,β-methylene ATP (α,β-meATP)-activated currents in DRG neurons cultured with gp120 were higher than those in control neurons. The inhibitory effect of A317491 on α,βme-ATP-induced currents in DRG neurons from the gp120-treated neurons was larger than that for control neurons. Molecular docking data showed that A317491 may be acted in the gp120 protein to inhibit the gp120 initiated the P2X3 activation, decrease the sensitizing DRG primary afferents and reduce the signal transmission of neuropathic pain in gp120-treated rats. Therefore, the inhibition of the P2X3 receptor in rat DRG neurons relieved gp120-induced mechanical hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Yi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China; Nursing College, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenqiang Rao
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Ouyang
- Department of the First Clinical, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Bai
- Department of the First Clinical, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpu Yang
- Queen Mary School, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Ma
- Queen Mary School, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyao Han
- Department of the First Clinical, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Jia
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanhong Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaju Hu
- Nursing College, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongqiong Lei
- Nursing College, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Zhang J, Liu S, Xu B, Li G, Li G, Huang A, Wu B, Peng L, Song M, Xie Q, Lin W, Xie W, Wen S, Zhang Z, Xu X, Liang S. Study of baicalin on sympathoexcitation induced by myocardial ischemia via P2X3 receptor in superior cervical ganglia. Auton Neurosci 2014; 189:8-15. [PMID: 25554221 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
After the myocardial ischemia, injured myocardial tissues released large quantity of ATP, which activated P2X3 receptor in superior cervical ganglia and made the SCG postganglionic neurons excited. Excitatory of sympathetic postganglionic efferent neurons increased the blood pressure and heart rates, which aggravated the myocardial ischemic injury. Baicalin has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Our study showed that baicalin reduced the incremental concentration of serum CK-MB, cTn-T, epinephrine and ATP, decreased the up-regulated expression levels of P2X3 mRNA and protein in SCG after MI, and then inhibited the sympathetic excitatory activity triggered by MI injury. These results indicated that baicalin acted on P2X3 receptor was involved in the transmission of sympathetic excitation after the myocardial ischemic injury. Baicalin might decrease sympathetic activity via inhibiting P2X3 receptor in rat SCG to protect the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Baohua Xu
- Department of Laboratory Animal, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - An Huang
- Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Lichao Peng
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Song
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Xie
- 2012 Grade of Department of Clinical Medicine of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Weijian Lin
- 2012 Grade of Department of Clinical Medicine of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Wei Xie
- 2012 Grade of Department of Clinical Medicine of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shiyao Wen
- 2012 Grade of Department of Clinical Medicine of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Zhedong Zhang
- 2012 Grade of Department of Clinical Medicine of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Information Engineering College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Institute of Life Science of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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5
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Li SF, Zhang YY, Li YY, Wen S, Xiao Z. Antihyperalgesic effect of 5-HT7 receptor activation on the midbrain periaqueductal gray in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 127:49-55. [PMID: 25450118 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The 5-HT7 receptor is the most recently discovered receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and only little is known about the analgesic potential of this receptor. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) modulates pain transmission by activating P2X/P2Y receptors, in which the P2X3 subtype is an important target for this effect. This study examined the antihyperalgesic effect of the 5-HT7 receptors in the ventrolateral midbrain periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), a crucial site for endogenous pain inhibition. This study also explored the importance of the interactions between the 5-HT7 and P2X3 receptors in this effect. To address this issue, neuropathic pain was induced through chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The expression level and distribution of the 5-HT7 receptor were evaluated through Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured by using an electronic pressure meter test. Different doses (3, 6, and 12μmol) of AS-19, a selective agonist of the 5-HT7 receptor, were administered in the vlPAG of CCI rats. The effects of pretreatment with the selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB-269970 or the selective P2X3 receptor antagonist A-317491 on the analgesic effect of AS-19 were observed. Results showed that CCI decreased the MWT values of the rats. The injury also increased the protein level of the 5-HT7 receptor in the vlPAG of neuropathic pain rats. AS-19 microinjection significantly elevated the MWT values in a dose-dependent manner, but SB-269970 pretreatment attenuated the antihyperalgesic effect of AS-19. Furthermore, the antihyperalgesic effect of the 5-HT7 receptor was partially but significantly blocked by A-317491 pretreatment. These data indicate that the 5-HT7 receptor in the vlPAG exerts an antihyperalgesic effect on rats with neuropathic pain. The 5-HT7 and P2X3 receptors interact in the vlPAG and exhibit an analgesic action through the enhanced function of the endogenous analgesic system.
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Liu S, Zhang C, Shi Q, Li G, Song M, Gao Y, Xu C, Xu H, Fan B, Yu S, Zheng C, Zhu Q, Wu B, Peng L, Xiong H, Wu Q, Liang S. Puerarin blocks the signaling transmission mediated by P2X3 in SG and DRG to relieve myocardial ischemic damage. Brain Res Bull 2014; 101:57-63. [PMID: 24447636 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
P2X₃ receptors in stellate ganglia (SG) and cervical dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons are involved in sympathoexcitatory reflex induced by myocardial ischemic damage. Puerarin, a major active ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese plant medicine Ge-gen, has been widely used in treatment of myocardial and cerebral ischemia. The present study is aimed to observe the effects of puerarin on the signaling transmission mediated by P2X₃ receptor in SG and DRG after myocardial ischemic damage. Our results showed that systolic blood pressure and heart rate increased, and the expression levels of P2X₃ mRNA and protein in SG and DRG were up-regulated after myocardial ischemic damage. Puerarin reduced systolic blood pressure and heart rate, relieved pain and decreased up-regulated expression of P2X₃ mRNA and protein in SG and DRG after myocardial ischemia. Puerarin inhibited the up-regulated ATP-activated currents in DRG neurons after myocardial ischemia. Thus, puerarin can relieve myocardial ischemic damage through blocking the P2X₃ signaling transmission and then depressed the aggravated sympathoexcitatory reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Qingming Shi
- Orthopedics Department of Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Song
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Changshui Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Bo Fan
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chaoran Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Qicheng Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Lichao Peng
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Huangui Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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7
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Cho JH, Jung KY, Jung Y, Kim MH, Ko H, Park CS, Kim YC. Design and synthesis of potent and selective P2X₃ receptor antagonists derived from PPADS as potential pain modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:811-30. [PMID: 24246730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonate (7a, PPADS), a nonselective P2X receptor antagonist, was extensively modified to develop more stable, potent, and selective P2X₃ receptor antagonists as potential antinociceptive agents. Based on the results of our previous report, all strong anionic groups in PPADS including phosphate and sulfonate groups were changed to carboxylic acids or deleted. The unstable azo (-NN-) linkage of 7a was transformed to more stable carbon-carbon, ether or amide linkages through the synthesis of the 5-hydroxyl-pyridine moieties with substituents at 2 position via a Diels-Alder reaction. This resulted in the retention of antagonistic activity (IC50 = 400 ∼ 700 nM) at the hP2X₃ receptor in the two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) assay system on the Xenopus oocytes. Introduction of bulky aromatic groups at the carbon linker, as in compounds 13 h-n, dramatically improved the selectivity profiles of hP2X₃ when compared with mP2X₁ and hP2X₇ receptors. Among the substituents tested at the 2-position, the m-phenoxybenzyl group showed optimum selectivity and potency at the hP2X₃ receptor. In searching for effective substituents at the 4- and 3-positions, we found that compound 36j, with 4-carboxaldehyde, 3-propenoic acid and 2-(m-phenoxy)benzyl groups, was the most potent and selective hP2X₃ receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 60 nM at hP2X₃ and marginal antagonistic activities of 10 μM at mP2X₁ and hP2X₇. Furthermore, using an ex-vivo assay system, we found that compound 36j potently inhibited pain signaling in the rat dorsal horn with 20 μM 36j displaying 65% inhibition while 20 μM pregabalin, a clinically available drug, showed only 31% inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Heui Cho
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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