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Sandhu A, Rawat K, Gautam V, Bhatia A, Grover S, Saini L, Saha L. Ameliorating effect of pioglitazone on prenatal valproic acid-induced behavioral and neurobiological abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 237:173721. [PMID: 38307465 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopment disorder that mainly arises due to abnormalities in different brain regions, resulting in behavioral deficits. Besides its diverse phenotypical features, ASD is associated with complex and varied etiology, presenting challenges in understanding its precise neuro-pathophysiology. Pioglitazone was reported to have a fundamental role in neuroprotection in various other neurological disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of pioglitazone in the prenatal valproic acid (VPA)-model of ASD in Wistar rats. Pregnant female Wistar rats received VPA on Embryonic day (E.D12.5) to induce autistic-like-behavioral and neurobiological alterations in their offspring. VPA-exposed rats presented core behavioral symptoms of ASD such as deficits in social interaction, poor spatial and learning behavior, increased anxiety, locomotory and repetitive activity, and decreased exploratory activity. Apart from these, VPA exposure also stimulated neurochemical and histopathological neurodegeneration in various brain regions. We administered three different doses of pioglitazone i.e., 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg in rats to assess various parameters. Of all the doses, our study highlighted that 10 mg/kg pioglitazone efficiently attenuated the autistic symptoms along with other neurochemical alterations such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. Moreover, pioglitazone significantly attenuated the neurodegeneration by restoring the neuronal loss in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Taken together, our study suggests that pioglitazone exhibits therapeutic potential in alleviating behavioral abnormalities induced by prenatal VPA exposure in rats. However, further research is needed to fully understand and establish pioglitazone's effectiveness in treating ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Sandhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), 4th Floor, Research Block B, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Kajal Rawat
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), 4th Floor, Research Block B, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Vipasha Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), 4th Floor, Research Block B, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education andResearch (PGIMER), 2nd Floor, Research Block B, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Lokesh Saini
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur 342001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Lekha Saha
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), 4th Floor, Research Block B, Chandigarh 160012, India.
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Zhu Y, Wang J, Yao L, Huang Y, Yang H, Yu X, Chen X, Chen Y. Electroacupuncture at BL15 attenuates chronic fatigue syndrome by downregulating iNOS/NO signaling in C57BL/6 mice. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:3073-3084. [PMID: 35608198 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has a high incidence due to the increased pressure of daily life and work in modern society. Our previous clinical studies have found the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on CFS patients, however, the mechanism of EA on CFS is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of EA on cardiac function in a CFS mouse model to explore its underlying mechanism. The mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, CFS, and CFS mice receiving EA (CFS + EA). After behavioral assessments and echocardiographic measurement, blood and heart tissue of the mice were collected for biochemical tests, and then we evaluated the effects of EA on the CFS mouse model when nitric oxide (NO) levels were enhanced by l-arginine. The results showed that EA ameliorated the injured motor and cardiac function. Meanwhile, EA also inhibited increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at heart tissue and the serum NO levels in mice subjected to sustained forced swimming stress. Furthermore, the NO level in serum increased with l-arginine administration, which blocked the effects of EA on CFS mice. This study suggested that EA could improve the motor function and cardiac function in CFS mice and its effects may be associated with the down-regulation of iNOS/NO signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingya Wang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxuan Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojiang Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinghua Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China
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Sandhu A, Rawat K, Gautam V, Sharma A, Kumar A, Saha L. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, ibudilast alleviates core behavioral and biochemical deficits in the prenatal valproic acid exposure model of autism spectrum disorder. Brain Res 2023; 1815:148443. [PMID: 37290608 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is categorized as a neurodevelopmental disorder, presenting with a variety of aetiological and phenotypical features. Ibudilast is known to produce beneficial effects in several neurological disorders including neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis, etc. by displaying its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, in our study, the pharmacological outcome of ibudilast administration was investigated in the prenatal valproic acid (VPA)-model of ASD in Wistar rats. METHODS Autistic-like symptoms were induced in Wistar male pups of dams administered with Valproic acid (VPA) on embryonic day 12.5. VPA-exposed male pups were administered with two doses of ibudilast (5 and10 mg/kg) and all the groups were evaluated for behavioral parameters like social interaction, spatial memory/learning, anxiety, locomotor activity, and nociceptive threshold. Further, the possible neuroprotective effect of ibudilast was evaluated by assessing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) in the hippocampus, % area of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells and neuronal damage in the cerebellum. KEY FINDINGS Treatment with ibudilast significantly attenuated prenatal VPA exposure associated social interaction and spatial learning/memory deficits, anxiety, hyperactivity, and increased nociceptive threshold, and it decreased oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6), and % area of GFAP-positive cells and restored neuronal damage. CONCLUSIONS Ibudilast treatment has restored crucial ASD-related behavioural abnormalities, potentially through neuroprotection. Therefore, benefits of ibudilast administration in animal models of ASD suggest that ibudilast may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Sandhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), 4th Floor, Research Block B, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Kajal Rawat
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), 4th Floor, Research Block B, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Vipasha Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), 4th Floor, Research Block B, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Antika Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), 4th Floor, Research Block B, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), 4th Floor, Research Block B, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Lekha Saha
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), 4th Floor, Research Block B, Chandigarh 160012, India.
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Wei X, Xin J, Chen W, Wang J, Lv Y, Wei Y, Li Z, Ding Q, Shen Y, Xu X, Zhang X, Zhang W, Zu X. Astragalus polysaccharide ameliorated complex factor-induced chronic fatigue syndrome by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114862. [PMID: 37167729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a debilitating disease with no symptomatic treatment. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), a component derived from the traditional Chinese medicine A. membranaceus, has significant anti-fatigue activity. However, the mechanisms underlying the potential beneficial effects of APS on CFS remain poorly understood. A CFS model of 6-week-old C57BL/6 male mice was established using the multiple-factor method. These mice underwent examinations for behavior, oxidative stress and inflammatory indicators in brain and intestinal tissues, and ileum histomorphology. 16 S rDNA sequencing analysis indicated that APS regulated the abundance of gut microbiota and increased production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and anti-inflammatory bacteria. In addition, APS reversed the abnormal expression of Nrf2, NF-κB, and their downstream factors in the brain-gut axis and alleviated the reduction in SCFAs in the cecal content caused by CFS. Further, APS modulated the changes in serum metabolic pathways induced by CFS. Finally, it was verified that butyrate exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in neuronal cells. In conclusion, APS could increase the SCFAs content by regulating the gut microbiota, and SCFAs (especially butyrate) can further regulate the oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain, thus alleviating CFS. This study explored the efficacy and mechanism of APS for CFS from the perspective of gut-brain axis and provides a reference to further explore the efficacy of APS and the role of SCFAs in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jiayun Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yanhui Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yanping Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhanhong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qianqian Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yunheng Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xike Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Ruiz-Iglesias P, Massot-Cladera M, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Franch À, Camps-Bossacoma M, Castell M, Pérez-Cano FJ. A Cocoa Diet Can Partially Attenuate the Alterations in Microbiota and Mucosal Immunity Induced by a Single Session of Intensive Exercise in Rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:861533. [PMID: 35479747 PMCID: PMC9036086 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.861533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Following intensive sports events, a higher rate of upper respiratory tract infections and the appearance of gastrointestinal symptomatology have been reported. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a cocoa-enriched diet on the cecal microbiota and mucosal immune system of rats submitted to high-intensity acute exercise, as well as to elucidate the involvement of cocoa fiber in such effects. Methods Wistar rats were fed either a standard diet, a diet containing 10% cocoa providing 5% fiber and a diet containing only 5% cocoa fiber. After 25 days, half of the rats of each diet performed an exhaustion running test. Sixteen hours later, samples were obtained to assess, among others, the cecal microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) composition, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and Peyer’s patches (PPs) lymphocyte composition, and immunoglobulin (Ig) content in salivary glands. Results The intake of cocoa, partially due to its fiber content, improved the SCFA production, prevented some changes in PPs and in MLNs lymphocyte composition and also decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Cocoa diet, contrary to cocoa fiber, did not prevent the lower salivary IgM induced by exercise. Conclusion A cocoa dietary intake can partially attenuate the alterations in microbiota and mucosal immunity induced by a single session of intensive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ruiz-Iglesias
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Malén Massot-Cladera
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Maria J. Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Àngels Franch
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Mariona Camps-Bossacoma
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Margarida Castell
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Margarida Castell,
| | - Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
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Ruiz-Iglesias P, Massot-Cladera M, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Franch À, Camps-Bossacoma M, Pérez-Cano FJ, Castell M. Protective Effect of a Cocoa-Enriched Diet on Oxidative Stress Induced by Intensive Acute Exercise in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040753. [PMID: 35453438 PMCID: PMC9028332 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive acute exercise can induce oxidative stress, leading to muscle damage and immune function impairment. Cocoa diet could prevent this oxidative stress and its consequences on immunity. Our aim was to assess the effect of a cocoa-enriched diet on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by peritoneal macrophages, blood immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, leukocyte counts, and the physical performance of rats submitted to an intensive acute exercise, as well as to elucidate the involvement of cocoa fiber in such effects. For this purpose, Wistar rats were fed either a standard diet, i.e., a diet containing 10% cocoa (C10), or a diet containing 5% cocoa fiber (CF) for 25 days. Then, half of the rats of each diet ran on a treadmill until exhaustion, and 16 h later, the samples were obtained. Both C10 and CF diets significantly prevented the increase in ROS production. However, neither the cocoa diet or the cocoa fiber-enriched diet prevented the decrease in serum IgG induced by acute exercise. Therefore, although the cocoa-enriched diet was able to prevent the excessive oxidative stress induced by intensive exercise, this was not enough to avoid the immune function impairment due to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ruiz-Iglesias
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.R.-I.); (M.M.-C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (À.F.); (M.C.-B.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Malén Massot-Cladera
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.R.-I.); (M.M.-C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (À.F.); (M.C.-B.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Maria J. Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.R.-I.); (M.M.-C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (À.F.); (M.C.-B.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Àngels Franch
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.R.-I.); (M.M.-C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (À.F.); (M.C.-B.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Mariona Camps-Bossacoma
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.R.-I.); (M.M.-C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (À.F.); (M.C.-B.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.R.-I.); (M.M.-C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (À.F.); (M.C.-B.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.P.-C.); (M.C.); Tel.: +34-93-402-45-05 (F.J.P.-C. & M.C.)
| | - Margarida Castell
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.R.-I.); (M.M.-C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (À.F.); (M.C.-B.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.P.-C.); (M.C.); Tel.: +34-93-402-45-05 (F.J.P.-C. & M.C.)
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Bardelčíková A, Miroššay A, Šoltýs J, Mojžiš J. Therapeutic and prophylactic effect of flavonoids in post-COVID-19 therapy. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2042-2060. [PMID: 35302260 PMCID: PMC9111001 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence of post-covid symptoms in humans confirms the need for effective treatment. Due to long-term complications across several disciplines, special treatment programs emerge for affected patients, emphasizing multidisciplinary care. For these reasons, we decided to look at current knowledge about possible long-term complications of COVID-19 disease and then present the effect of flavonoids, which could help alleviate or eliminate complications in humans after overcoming the COVID-19 infection. Based on articles published from 2003 to 2021, we summarize the flavonoids-based molecular mechanisms associated with the post-COVID-19 syndrome and simultaneously provide a complex view regarding their prophylactic and therapeutic potential. Review clearly sorts out the outcome of post-COVID-19 syndrome according particular body systems. The conclusion is that flavonoids play an important role in prevention of many diseases. We suggest that flavonoids as critical nutritional supplements, are suitable for the alleviation and shortening of the period associated with the post-COVID-19 syndrome. The most promising flavonoid with noteworthy therapeutic and prophylactic effect appears to be quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Bardelčíková
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty of University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Miroššay
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty of University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jindřich Šoltýs
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Science, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty of University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Mehta R, Bhandari R, Kuhad A. Effects of catechin on a rodent model of autism spectrum disorder: implications for the role of nitric oxide in neuroinflammatory pathway. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:3249-3271. [PMID: 34448020 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present research work aims at deciphering the involvement of nitric oxide pathway and its modulation by ( ±)catechin hydrate in experimental paradigm of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). METHOD An intracerebroventricular infusion of 4 μl of 1 M propanoic acid was given in the anterior region of the lateral ventricle to induce autism-like phenotype in male rats. Oral administration of ( ±)catechin hydrate (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) was initiated from the 3rd day lasting till the 28th day. L-NAME (50 mg/kg) and L-arginine (800 mg/kg) were also given individually as well as in combination to explore the ability of ( ±)catechin hydrate to act via nitric oxide pathway. Behavior test for sociability, stereotypy, anxiety, depression, and novelty, repetitive, and perseverative behavior was carried out between the 14th and 28th day. On the 29th day, animals were sacrificed, and levels of mitochondrial complexes and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated. We also estimated the levels of neuroinflammatory and apoptotic markers such as TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, IFN-γ, HSP-70, and caspase-3. To evaluate the involvement of nitric oxide pathway, the levels of iNOS and homocysteine were estimated. RESULTS Treatment with ( ±)catechin hydrate significantly ameliorated behavioral, biochemical, neurological, and molecular deficits. Hence, ( ±)catechin hydrate has potential to be used as neurotherapeutic agent in ASD targeting nitric oxide pathway-mediated oxidative and nitrosative stress responsible for behavioral, biochemical, and molecular alterations via modulating nitric oxide pathway. CONCLUSION The evaluation of the levels of iNOS and homocysteine conclusively establishes the role of nitric oxide pathway in causing behavioral, biochemical, and molecular deficits and the beneficial effect of ( ±)catechin hydrate in restoring these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishab Mehta
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Ranjana Bhandari
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
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Mehta R, Bhandari R, Kuhad A. Exploring nordihydroguaretic acid (NDGA) as a plausible neurotherapeutic in the experimental paradigm of autism spectrum disorders targeting nitric oxide pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1833-1857. [PMID: 34363573 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the neuro-protective ability of nordihydroguaretic acid (NDGA) in the experimental paradigm of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and further decipher the nitric oxide pathway's role in its proposed action. An intracerebroventricular infusion of 4 μl of 1 M PPA was given in the lateral ventricle's anterior region to induce autism-like phenotype in male rats. Oral administration of NDGA (5, 10 & 15 mg/kg) was initiated from the 3rd day lasting till the 28th day. L-NAME (50 mg/kg) and L-Arginine (800 mg/kg) were also given individually and combined to explore NDGA's ability to act via the nitric oxide pathway. Behavior tests for sociability, stereotypy, anxiety, depression, novelty, repetitive and perseverative behavior were carried out between the 14th and 28th day. On the 29th day, animals were sacrificed, and mitochondrial complexes and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated. We also estimated the levels of neuroinflammatory and apoptotic markers such as TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, IFN-γ, HSP-70, and caspase-3. To assess the involvement of the nitric oxide pathway, levels of iNOS and homocysteine were estimated. Treatment with NDGA significantly restored behavioral, biochemical, neurological, and molecular deficits. Hence, NDGA can be used as a neurotherapeutic agent in ASD. Targeting nitric oxide pathway mediated oxidative & nitrosative stress responsible for behavioral, biochemical, and molecular alterations via modulating nitric oxide pathway. The evaluation of iNOS and homocysteine levels conclusively establishes the nitric oxide pathway's role in causing behavioral, biochemical & molecular deficits and NDGA's beneficial effect in restoring these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishab Mehta
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Ranjana Bhandari
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
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10
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Anti-Inflammatory Diets and Fatigue. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102315. [PMID: 31574939 PMCID: PMC6835556 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data indicates a link between a pro-inflammatory status and occurrence of chronic disease-related fatigue. The questions are whether the observed inflammatory profile can be (a) improved by anti-inflammatory diets, and (b) if this improvement can in turn be translated into a significant fatigue reduction. The aim of this narrative review was to investigate the effect of anti-inflammatory nutrients, foods, and diets on inflammatory markers and fatigue in various patient populations. Next to observational and epidemiological studies, a total of 21 human trials have been evaluated in this work. Current available research is indicative, rather than evident, regarding the effectiveness of individuals’ use of single nutrients with anti-inflammatory and fatigue-reducing effects. In contrast, clinical studies demonstrate that a balanced diet with whole grains high in fibers, polyphenol-rich vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acid-rich foods might be able to improve disease-related fatigue symptoms. Nonetheless, further research is needed to clarify conflicting results in the literature and substantiate the promising results from human trials on fatigue.
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11
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Zhang H, Pan J, Wu X, Zuo AR, Wei Y, Ji ZL. Large-Scale Target Identification of Herbal Medicine Using a Reverse Docking Approach. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9710-9719. [PMID: 31460061 PMCID: PMC6648299 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicine has been used to countermine various diseases for centuries. However, most of the therapeutic targets underlying herbal therapy remain unclear, which largely slow down the novel drug discovery process from natural products. In this study, we developed a novel computational pipeline for assisting de novo identification of protein targets for herbal ingredients. The pipeline involves pharmacophore comparison and reverse ligand-protein docking simulation in a high throughput manner. We evaluated the pipeline using three traditional Chinese medicine ingredients such as acteoside, quercetin, and epigallocatechin gallate as examples. A majority of current known targets of these ingredients were successfully identified by the pipeline. Structural comparative analyses confirmed that the predicted ligand-target interactions used the same binding pockets and binding modes as those of known ligand-target interactions. Furthermore, we illustrated the mechanism of actions of the ingredients by constructing the pharmacological networks on the basis of the predicted target profiles. In summary, we proposed an efficient and economic option for large-scale target exploration in the herb study. This pipeline will be particularly valuable in aiding precise drug discovery and drug repurposing from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
- Joint
Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis
Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Jianbo Pan
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of
Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Xuli Wu
- School
of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Ai-Ren Zuo
- Jiangxi
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Yanjie Wei
- Joint
Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis
Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Zhi-Liang Ji
- State
Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
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Shao C, Song J, Zhao S, Jiang H, Wang B, Chi A. Therapeutic Effect and Metabolic Mechanism of A Selenium-Polysaccharide from Ziyang Green Tea on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10111269. [PMID: 30961194 PMCID: PMC6401680 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ziyang green tea was considered a medicine food homology plant to improve chronic fatigue Ssyndrome (CFS) in China. The aim of this research was to study the therapeutic effect of selenium-polysaccharides (Se-TP) from Ziyang green tea on CFS and explore its metabolic mechanism. A CFS-rats model was established in the present research and Se-TP was administrated to evaluate the therapeutic effect on CFS. Some serum metabolites including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood lactate acid (BLA), corticosterone (CORT), and aldosterone (ALD) were checked. Urine metabolites were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multivariate statistical analysis was also used to check the data. The results selected biomarkers that were entered into the MetPA database to analyze their corresponding metabolic pathways. The results demonstrated that Se-TP markedly improved the level of BUN and CORT in CFS rats. A total of eight differential metabolites were detected in GC-MS analysis, which were benzoic acid, itaconic acid, glutaric acid, 4-acetamidobutyric acid, creatine, 2-hydroxy-3-isopropylbutanedioic acid, l-dopa, and 21-hydroxypregnenolone. These differential metabolites were entered into the MetPA database to search for the corresponding metabolic pathways and three related metabolic pathways were screened out. The first pathway was steroid hormone biosynthesis. The second was tyrosine metabolism, and the third was arginine-proline metabolism. The 21-hydroxypregnenolone level of rats in the CFS group markedly increased after the Se-TP administration. In conclusion, Se-TP treatments on CFS rats improved their condition. Its metabolic mechanism was closely related to that which regulates the steroid hormone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhuan Shao
- College of Arts and Sciences, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Jing Song
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Shanguang Zhao
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Hongke Jiang
- College of Arts and Sciences, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Baoping Wang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Aiping Chi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Hatziagelaki E, Adamaki M, Tsilioni I, Dimitriadis G, Theoharides TC. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-Metabolic Disease or Disturbed Homeostasis due to Focal Inflammation in the Hypothalamus? J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:155-167. [PMID: 30076265 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.250845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex disease characterized by debilitating fatigue, lasting for at least 6 months, with associated malaise, headaches, sleep disturbance, and cognitive impairment, which severely impacts quality of life. A significant percentage of ME/CFS patients remain undiagnosed, mainly due to the complexity of the disease and the lack of reliable objective biomarkers. ME/CFS patients display decreased metabolism and the severity of symptoms appears to be directly correlated to the degree of metabolic reduction that may be unique to each individual patient. However, the precise pathogenesis is still unknown, preventing the development of effective treatments. The ME/CFS phenotype has been associated with abnormalities in energy metabolism, which are apparently due to mitochondrial dysfunction in the absence of mitochondrial diseases, resulting in reduced oxidative metabolism. Such mitochondria may be further contributing to the ME/CFS symptomatology by extracellular secretion of mitochondrial DNA, which could act as an innate pathogen and create an autoinflammatory state in the hypothalamus. We propose that stimulation of hypothalamic mast cells by environmental, neuroimmune, pathogenic and stress triggers activates microglia, leading to focal inflammation in the brain and disturbed homeostasis. This process could be targeted for the development of novel effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erifili Hatziagelaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon General Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (E.H., M.A., G.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology (I.T., T.C.T.) and Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences (T.C.T.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (T.C.T.)
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon General Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (E.H., M.A., G.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology (I.T., T.C.T.) and Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences (T.C.T.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (T.C.T.)
| | - Irene Tsilioni
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon General Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (E.H., M.A., G.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology (I.T., T.C.T.) and Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences (T.C.T.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (T.C.T.)
| | - George Dimitriadis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon General Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (E.H., M.A., G.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology (I.T., T.C.T.) and Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences (T.C.T.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (T.C.T.)
| | - Theoharis C Theoharides
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon General Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (E.H., M.A., G.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology (I.T., T.C.T.) and Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences (T.C.T.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (T.C.T.)
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Bhandari R, Paliwal JK, Kuhad A. Naringenin and its nanocarriers as potential phytotherapy for autism spectrum disorders. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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15
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Jones K, Probst Y. Role of dietary modification in alleviating chronic fatigue syndrome symptoms: a systematic review. Aust N Z J Public Health 2017; 41:338-344. [PMID: 28616881 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the evidence for the role of dietary modifications in alleviating chronic fatigue syndrome symptoms. METHODS A systematic literature review was guided by PRISMA and conducted using Scopus, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science and PsycINFO scientific databases (1994-2016) to identify relevant studies. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, the quality of each paper was assessed and data extracted into a standardised tabular format. RESULTS Positive outcomes were highlighted in some included studies for polyphenol intakes in animal studies, D-ribose supplementation in humans and aspects of symptom alleviation for one of three polynutrient supplement studies. Omega three fatty acid blood levels and supplementation with an omega three fatty acid supplement also displayed positive outcomes in relation to chronic fatigue syndrome symptom alleviation. CONCLUSIONS Limited dietary modifications were found useful in alleviating chronic fatigue syndrome symptoms, with overall evidence narrow and inconsistent across studies. Implications for public health: Due to the individual and community impairment chronic fatigue syndrome causes the population, it is vital that awareness and further focused research on this topic is undertaken to clarify and consolidate recommendations and ensure accurate, useful distribution of information at a population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Jones
- Smart Food Centre, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, New South Wales
| | - Yasmine Probst
- Smart Food Centre, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, New South Wales.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, New South Wales
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16
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Chi A, Shen Z, Zhu W, Sun Y, Kang Y, Guo F. Characterization of a protein-bound polysaccharide from Herba Epimedii and its metabolic mechanism in chronic fatigue syndrome. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 203:241-251. [PMID: 28359851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Herba Epimedii is one of the famous Traditional Chinese Medicines used to treat the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The polysaccharides are the main active components in H. epimedii. The aim of this study is to discover the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of H. epimedii polysaccharides against CFS. METHODS The polysaccharide conjugates named HEP2-a were isolated from the leaves of H. epimedii using a water extraction method, and the general physicochemical properties of HEP2-a were analysed. In addition, a CFS rat model was established, and then, urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS The physicochemical properties revealed that HEP2-a had an average molecular weight of 13.6×104Da and consisted of mannose (4.41%), rhamnose (5.43%), glucose (31.26%), galactose (27.07%), arabinose (23.43%), and galacturonic acid (8.40%). The amino acids in HEP2-a include glutamate, cysteine, leucine, tyrosine, lysine, and histidine. Molecular morphology studies revealed many highly curled spherical particles with diameters of 5-10µm in solids and 100-200nm for particles in water. Five metabolites in the HEP2-a group were oppositely and significantly changed compared to the CFS model group. CONCLUSION Two metabolic pathways were identified as significant metabolic pathways involved with HEP2-a. The therapeutic effects of HEP2-a on CFS were partially due to the restoration of these disturbed pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Chi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Zhimei Shen
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yuliang Sun
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yijiang Kang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Hygiene, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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17
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Detection of Urine Metabolites in a Rat Model of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome before and after Exercise. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8182020. [PMID: 28421200 PMCID: PMC5380834 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8182020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the metabolic mechanisms associated with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) via an analysis of urine metabolites prior to and following exercise in a rat model. Methods. A rat model of CFS was established using restraint-stress, forced exercise, and crowded and noisy environments over a period of 4 weeks. Behavioral experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the model. Urine metabolites were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis before and after exercise. Results. A total of 20 metabolites were detected in CFS rats before and after exercise. Three metabolic pathways (TCA cycle; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; steroid hormone biosynthesis) were significantly impacted before and after exercise, while sphingolipid metabolism alone exhibited significant alterations after exercise only. Conclusion. In addition to metabolic disturbances involving some energy substances, alterations in steroid hormone biosynthesis and sphingolipid metabolism were detected in CFS rats. Sphingosine and 21-hydroxypregnenolone may be key biomarkers of CFS, potentially offering evidence in support of immune dysfunction and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hypoactivity in patients with CFS.
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18
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Bhandari R, Kuhad A. Resveratrol suppresses neuroinflammation in the experimental paradigm of autism spectrum disorders. Neurochem Int 2017; 103:8-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Chi A, Zhang Y, Kang Y, Shen Z. Metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis to relieve chronic fatigue syndrome. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:322-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Sarvaiya K, Goswami S. Investigation of the effects of vanilloids in chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain Res Bull 2016; 127:187-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Kaur S, Harjai K, Chhibber S. In Vivo Assessment of Phage and Linezolid Based Implant Coatings for Treatment of Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) Mediated Orthopaedic Device Related Infections. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157626. [PMID: 27333300 PMCID: PMC4917197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus comprises up to two-thirds of all pathogens in orthopaedic implant infections with two species respectively Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, being the predominate etiological agents isolated. Further, with the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), treatment of S. aureus implant infections has become more difficult, thus representing a devastating complication. Use of local delivery system consisting of S.aureus specific phage along with linezolid (incorporated in biopolymer) allowing gradual release of the two agents at the implant site represents a new, still unexplored treatment option (against orthopaedic implant infections) that has been studied in an animal model of prosthetic joint infection. Naked wire, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) coated wire and phage and /or linezolid coated K-wire were surgically implanted into the intra-medullary canal of mouse femur bone of respective groups followed by inoculation of S.aureus ATCC 43300(MRSA). Mice implanted with K-wire coated with both the agents i.e phage as well as linezolid (dual coated wires) showed maximum reduction in bacterial adherence, associated inflammation of the joint as well as faster resumption of locomotion and motor function of the limb. Also, all the coating treatments showed no emergence of resistant mutants. Use of dual coated implants incorporating lytic phage (capable of self-multiplication) as well as linezolid presents an attractive and aggressive early approach in preventing as well as treating implant associated infections caused by methicillin resistant S. aureus strains as assessed in a murine model of experimental joint infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Sanjay Chhibber
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
- * E-mail:
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22
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Neuropsychopharmacotherapeutic efficacy of curcumin in experimental paradigm of autism spectrum disorders. Life Sci 2015; 141:156-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Li Q, Zhang X. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates bone cancer pain involving decreasing spinal Tumor Necrosis Factor-α expression in a mouse model. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:818-823. [PMID: 26363974 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis to bone often elicits a wide array of symptoms, in which pain is a significant factor in catastrophic complications of bone cancer. The complete understanding of bone cancer-related pain is still unknown, while several pathophysiological components have been suggested, from tumor-stimulated osteolysis, nerve compression, stimulations of ion channels, and locally generated inflammatory cytokines. In particular, it has been shown that pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα-mediated actions are necessary for the development of bone cancer pain. As a member of catechin family in green tea extracts, EGCG (Epigallocatechin-3-gallate) can reduce excess free radicals and attenuate overactive inflammatory signaling including TNFα. In addition, EGCG or its related molecules have been used to control neuropathic pain in various preclinical settings. However, its potential use in bone cancer-caused pain has not yet been reported. Here we show that treating a mouse model of bone cancer by EGCG, results in a dramatic reduction in pain behavior and a significant decrease of TNFα expression within the spinal cord of tumor-bearing mice. Thus, this study reveals an anti-nociceptive role for EGCG in the progression of pain caused by tumor bone metastasis, and highlights a potential scheme by using anti-TNFα as a therapeutic option for osteolytic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Road, Jinan 250033, China.
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Road, Jinan 250033, China
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Immunomodulating and antioxidant effects of polysaccharide conjugates from the fruits of Ziziphus Jujube on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome rats. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 122:189-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Bhakat S, Soliman MES. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) inhibitors from natural sources: a medicinal chemistry perspective. J Nat Med 2015; 69:451-62. [PMID: 25921858 PMCID: PMC4703636 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is one of the re-emerging “neglected” tropical diseases whose recent outbreak affected not only Africa and South-East Asia but also several parts of America and Europe. To date, despite its serious nature, no antivirals or vaccines were developed in order to counter this resurgent infectious disease. The recent advancement in crystallography and availability of crystal structures of certain domains of CHIKV initiates the development of anti-CHIKV agents using structure-based drug design or synthetic medicinal chemistry approach. Despite the fact that almost 50 % of the new chemical entities against several biological targets were either obtained from natural products or natural product analogues, a very humble effort was directed towards identification of novel CHIKV inhibitors from natural products. In this review, besides a brief overview on CHIKV as well as the nature as a source of medicines, we highlight the current progress and future steps towards the discovery of CHIKV inhibitors from natural products. This report could pave the road towards the design of novel semi-synthetic derivatives with enhanced anti-viral activities. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumendranath Bhakat
- Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa,
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26
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Dietary Influence on Pain via the Immune System. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:435-69. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Raposo D, Morgado C, Pereira-Terra P, Tavares I. Nociceptive spinal cord neurons of laminae I-III exhibit oxidative stress damage during diabetic neuropathy which is prevented by early antioxidant treatment with epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG). Brain Res Bull 2014; 110:68-75. [PMID: 25522867 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord neurons located in laminae I-III respond to nociceptive stimuli and participate in the transmission of painful information to the brain. In the present study we evaluated if nociceptive laminae I-III neurons are affected by oxidative stress damage in a model of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP), the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat (STZ rat). Additionally, we evaluated the effects of a preventive antioxidant treatment with epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) in nociceptive neuronal activation and behavioural signs of DNP. Three days after diabetes induction, a treatment protocol of STZ rats with an aqueous solution of EGCG in the drinking water was initiated. Ten weeks after the onset of treatment, the spinal cords were immunoreacted against validated markers of oxidative stress damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine; 8-OHdG) and of nociceptive neuronal activation (Fos). Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed before and after EGCG treatment. Untreated STZ rats presented increased levels of 8-OHdG immunoreaction, higher numbers of Fos-immunoreacted neurons and high levels of co-localization of 8-OHdG and Fos in laminae I-III. Treatment with EGCG normalized the increase of the above mentioned parameters and ameliorated mechanical hypersensitivity. The present study shows that nociceptive neurons in spinal cord laminae I-III exhibit oxidative stress damage during diabetic neuropathy, which probably affects ascending pain transmission during DNP. The neurobiological mechanisms and translational perspectives of the beneficial effects of a preventive and sustained EGCG treatment in DNP need to be evaluated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Raposo
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; IBMC, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - C Morgado
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; IBMC, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - P Pereira-Terra
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; IBMC, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - I Tavares
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; IBMC, University of Porto, Portugal.
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Naringin ameliorates memory deficits in experimental paradigm of Alzheimer's disease by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 127:101-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Neuroprotective potential of sesamol and its loaded solid lipid nanoparticles in ICV-STZ-induced cognitive deficits: behavioral and biochemical evidence. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 747:132-40. [PMID: 25449035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a prominent feature of Alzheimer disease (AD) and other chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) streptozotocin (STZ) induced-cognitive impairment has been widely used as an experimental paradigm of Alzheimer׳s disease. Sesamol is a potent inhibitor of cytokine production as well as an antioxidant. The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of sesamol in ICV-STZ-induced cognitive deficits in rats by incorporating it into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). ICV-STZ administration produced significant cognitive deficits as assessed by both Morris water maze and elevated plus maze task which is accompanied by significantly enhanced nitrodative stress, altered acetylcholinesterase in rat brain along with significantly increased serum TNF-α levels. Chronic treatment with sesamol and sesamol loaded SLNs dose dependently restored cognitive deficits in ICV-STZ rats along with mitigation of nitrodative stress and cytokine release. Effectiveness of SLNs to deliver sesamol to the brain was shown by a significantly better alleviation of the oxidative stress parameters. Our findings demonstrate that loading of sesamol in SLNs is an effective strategy to mitigate ICV-STZ-induced neuronal dysfunction and memory deficits.
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Vasiadi M, Newman J, Theoharides TC. Isoflavones inhibit poly(I:C)-induced serum, brain, and skin inflammatory mediators - relevance to chronic fatigue syndrome. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:168. [PMID: 25359293 PMCID: PMC4236420 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a neuroimmunoendocrine disease affecting about 1% of the US population, mostly women. It is characterized by debilitating fatigue for six or more months in the absence of cancer or other systemic diseases. Many CFS patients also have fibromyalgia and skin hypersensitivity that worsen with stress. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and neurotensin (NT), secreted under stress, activate mast cells (MC) necessary for allergic reactions to release inflammatory mediators that could contribute to CFS symptoms. Objective To investigate the effect of isoflavones on the action of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), with or without swim stress, on mouse locomotor activity and inflammatory mediator expression, as well as on human MC activation. Methods Female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: (a) control/no-swim, (b) control/swim, (c) polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C))/no swim, and (d) polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C))/swim. Mice were provided with chow low or high in isoflavones for 2 weeks prior to ip injection with 20 mg/kg poly(I:C) followed or not by swim stress for 15 minutes. Locomotor activity was monitored overnight and animals were sacrificed the following day. Brain and skin gene expression, as well as serum levels, of inflammatory mediators were measured. Data were analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test. Results Poly(I:C)-treated mice had decreased locomotor activity over 24 hours, and increased serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, KC (IL-8/CXCL8 murine homolog), CCL2,3,4,5, CXCL10, as well as brain and skin gene expression of TNF, IL-6, KC (Cxcl1, IL8 murine homolog), CCL2, CCL4, CCL5 and CXCL10. Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and NT expression were also increased, but only in the skin, over the same period. High isoflavone diet reversed these effects. Conclusion Poly(I:C) treatment decreased mouse locomotor activity and increased serum levels and brain and skin gene expression of inflammatory mediators. These effects were inhibited by isoflavones that may prove useful in CFS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-014-0168-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Vasiadi
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. .,Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jennifer Newman
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Theoharis C Theoharides
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. .,Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Dhingra MS, Dhingra S, Kumria R, Chadha R, Singh T, Kumar A, Karan M. Effect of trimethylgallic acid esters against chronic stress-induced anxiety-like behavior and oxidative stress in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:606-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lin Y, Liu HL, Fang J, Yu CH, Xiong YK, Yuan K. Anti-fatigue and vasoprotective effects of quercetin-3-O-gentiobiose on oxidative stress and vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by endurance swimming in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 68:290-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Pase CS, Roversi K, Trevizol F, Roversi K, Kuhn FT, Schuster AJ, Vey LT, Dias VT, Barcelos RCS, Piccolo J, Emanuelli T, Bürger ME. Influence of perinatal trans fat on behavioral responses and brain oxidative status of adolescent rats acutely exposed to stress. Neuroscience 2013; 247:242-52. [PMID: 23742847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Because consumption of processed foods has increased in the last decades and so far its potential influence on emotionality and susceptibility to stress is unknown, we studied the influence of different fatty acids (FA) on behavioral and biochemical parameters after acute restrain stress (AS) exposure. Two sequential generations of female rats were supplemented with soybean oil (control group; C-SO), fish oil (FO) and hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF) from pregnancy and during lactation. At 41days of age, half the animals of each supplemented group were exposed to AS and observed in open field and elevated plus maze task, followed by euthanasia for biochemical assessments. The HVF-supplemented group showed higher anxiety-like symptoms per se, while the C-SO and FO groups did not show these behaviors. Among groups exposed to AS, HVF showed locomotor restlessness in the open field, while both C-SO and HVF groups showed anxiety-like symptoms in the elevated plus maze, but this was not observed in the FO group. Biochemical evaluations showed higher lipoperoxidation levels and lower cell viability in cortex in the HVF group. In addition, HVF-treated rats showed reduced catalase activity in striatum and hippocampus, as well as increased generation of reactive species in striatum, while FO was associated with increased cell viability in the hippocampus. Among groups exposed to AS, HVF increased reactive species generation in the brain, decreased cell viability in the cortex and striatum, and decreased catalase activity in the striatum and hippocampus. Taken together, our findings show that the type of FA provided during development and growth over two generations is able to modify the brain oxidative status, which was particularly adversely affected by trans fat. In addition, the harmful influence of chronic consumption of trans fats as observed in this study can enhance emotionality and anxiety parameters resulting from stressful situations of everyday life, which can trigger more severe neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Pase
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, UFSM, RS, Brazil
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Mähler A, Mandel S, Lorenz M, Ruegg U, Wanker EE, Boschmann M, Paul F. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate: a useful, effective and safe clinical approach for targeted prevention and individualised treatment of neurological diseases? EPMA J 2013; 4:5. [PMID: 23418936 PMCID: PMC3585739 DOI: 10.1186/1878-5085-4-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders show an increasing prevalence in a number of highly developed countries. Often, these diseases require life-long treatment mostly with drugs which are costly and mostly accompanied by more or less serious side-effects. Their heterogeneous manifestation, severity and outcome pose the need for individualised treatment options. There is an intensive search for new strategies not only for treating but also for preventing these diseases. Green tea and green tea extracts seem to be such a promising and safe alternative. However, data regarding the beneficial effects and possible underlying mechanism, specifically in clinical trials, are rare and rather controversial or non-conclusive. This review outlines the existing evidence from preclinical studies (cell and tissue cultures and animal models) and clinical trials regarding preventive and therapeutic effects of epigallcatechin-3-gallate in neurodegenerative diseases and considers antioxidative vs. pro-oxidative properties of the tea catechin important for dosage recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Mähler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, D-13125, Germany.
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Smith DF. Benefits of flavanol-rich cocoa-derived products for mental well-being: A review. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
Depression is a medical condition with a complex biological pattern of aetiology, involving genetic and epigenetic factors, along with different environmental stressors. Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress processes might play a relevant role in the pathogenic mechanism(s) underlying many major psychiatric disorders, including depression. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been shown to modulate levels and activity of noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, dopamine and glutamate, the principal neurotransmitters involved in the neurobiology of depression. Major depression has been associated with lowered concentrations of several endogenous antioxidant compounds, such as vitamin E, zinc and coenzyme Q10, or enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase, and with an impairment of the total antioxidant status. These observations introduce new potential targets for the development of therapeutic interventions based on antioxidant compounds. The present review focuses on the possible role of oxidative stress processes in the pathogenesis of depression. The therapeutic potential of antioxidant compounds as a co-adjuvant treatment to conventional antidepressants is discussed. For instance, N-acetyl-cysteine has been shown to have a significant benefit on depressive symptoms in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Additionally, curcumin, the yellow pigment of curry, has been shown to strongly interfere with neuronal redox homeostasis in the CNS and to possess antidepressant activity in various animal models of depression, also thanks to its ability to inhibit monoamine oxidases. There is an urgent need to develop better tolerated and more effective treatments for depressive disorders and several antioxidant treatments appear promising and deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
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Singh PK, Chopra K, Kuhad A, Kaur IP. Role of Lactobacillus acidophilus loaded floating beads in chronic fatigue syndrome: behavioral and biochemical evidences. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:366-e170. [PMID: 22296294 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years the interface between neuropsychiatry and gastroenterology has converged in to a new discipline referred to as enteric neuroscience. Implications of brain-gut communication in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders indicate a possible role of suitably packaged/delivered probiotics as newer therapeutic options. In the present study probable role of per-oral administration of free Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAB) and LAB loaded alginate beads in attenuation of the symptoms associated with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) were evaluated. METHODS Chronic fatigue syndrome following physical fatigue was induced in rats by forcing them to swim (forced swim test; FST) in water till exhaustion, after weighing them down with 10% their body weight, daily for 28 days. Immobility (I) and postswim fatigue time (PSF) were taken as suitable markers. Free LAB and LAB loaded floating beads (FBs) were administered, from 21 to 28 days. KEY RESULTS Immobility and PSF were found to increase considerably in FST rats (665 ± 22 s and 196 ± 6 s) as compared with the naïve (32 ± 7 s and 22 ± 2 s) at 20 days, establishing severe fatigue like behavior. FST control group exhibited significant (P < 0.05) hypertrophy of spleen, hypotrophy of thymus, and increased oxido-nitrosative stress in brain and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in serum. Treatment with LAB and LAB FBs significantly decreased I and PSF and attenuated (P < 0.05) oxido-nitrosative stress and TNF-α levels. Spleen and thymus were also restored to their original size in this group. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The findings suggest a valuable therapeutic role of LAB especially when incorporated into alginate beads for the treatment of CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Maes M, Fišar Z, Medina M, Scapagnini G, Nowak G, Berk M. New drug targets in depression: inflammatory, cell-mediated immune, oxidative and nitrosative stress, mitochondrial, antioxidant, and neuroprogressive pathways. And new drug candidates--Nrf2 activators and GSK-3 inhibitors. Inflammopharmacology 2012; 20:127-50. [PMID: 22271002 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-011-0111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews new drug targets in the treatment of depression and new drug candidates to treat depression. Depression is characterized by aberrations in six intertwined pathways: (1) inflammatory pathways as indicated by increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, e.g. interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor α. (2) Activation of cell-mediated immune pathways as indicated by an increased production of interferon γ and neopterin. (3) Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and damage by oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), including lipid peroxidation, damage to DNA, proteins and mitochondria. (4) Lowered levels of key antioxidants, such as coenzyme Q10, zinc, vitamin E, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase. (5) Damage to mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA and reduced activity of respiratory chain enzymes and adenosine triphosphate production. (6) Neuroprogression, which is the progressive process of neurodegeneration, apoptosis, and reduced neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity, phenomena that are probably caused by inflammation and O&NS. Antidepressants tend to normalize the above six pathways. Targeting these pathways has the potential to yield antidepressant effects, e.g. using cytokine antagonists, minocycline, Cox-2 inhibitors, statins, acetylsalicylic acid, ketamine, ω3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and neurotrophic factors. These six pathways offer new, pathophysiologically guided drug targets suggesting that novel therapies could be developed that target these six pathways simultaneously. Both nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) activators and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitors target the six above-mentioned pathways. GSK-3 inhibitors have antidepressant effects in animal models of depression. Nrf2 activators and GSK-3 inhibitors have the potential to be advanced to phase-2 clinical trials to examine whether they augment the efficacy of antidepressants or are useful as monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Maes Clinics@TRIA, 998 Rimklongsamsen Road, Bangkok 10310, Thailand.
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