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Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Sharma H, Bhaskar R, Han SS, Sinha JK. Harnessing the power of biological macromolecules in hydrogels for controlled drug release in the central nervous system: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127708. [PMID: 37923043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have immense potential in revolutionizing central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery, improving outcomes for neurological disorders. They serve as promising tools for controlled drug delivery to the CNS. Available hydrogel types include natural macromolecules (e.g., chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate), as well as hybrid hydrogels combining natural and synthetic polymers. Each type offers distinct advantages in terms of biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and drug release kinetics. Design and engineering considerations encompass hydrogel composition, crosslinking density, porosity, and strategies for targeted drug delivery. The review emphasizes factors affecting drug release profiles, such as hydrogel properties and formulation parameters. CNS drug delivery applications of hydrogels span a wide range of therapeutics, including small molecules, proteins and peptides, and nucleic acids. However, challenges like limited biodegradability, clearance, and effective CNS delivery persist. Incorporating 3D bioprinting technology with hydrogel-based CNS drug delivery holds the promise of highly personalized and precisely controlled therapeutic interventions for neurological disorders. The review explores emerging technologies like 3D bioprinting and nanotechnology as opportunities for enhanced precision and effectiveness in hydrogel-based CNS drug delivery. Continued research, collaboration, and technological advancements are vital for translating hydrogel-based therapies into clinical practice, benefiting patients with CNS disorders. This comprehensive review article delves into hydrogels for CNS drug delivery, addressing their types, design principles, applications, challenges, and opportunities for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shampa Ghosh
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India; ICMR - National Institute of Nutrition, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Hitaishi Sharma
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Salahi S, Mousavi MA, Azizi G, Hossein-Khannazer N, Vosough M. Stem Cell-based and Advanced Therapeutic Modalities for Parkinson's Disease: A Risk-effectiveness Patient-centered Analysis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2320-2345. [PMID: 35105291 PMCID: PMC9890289 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220201100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is currently considered a challenging issue since it causes substantial disability, poor quality of life, and mortality. Despite remarkable progress in advanced conventional therapeutic interventions, the global burden of the disease has nearly doubled, prompting us to assess the riskeffectiveness of different treatment modalities. Each protocol could be considered as the best alternative treatment depending on the patient's situation. Prescription of levodopa, the most effective available medicine for this disorder, has been associated with many complications, i.e., multiple episodes of "off-time" and treatment resistance. Other medications, which are typically used in combination with levodopa, may have several adverse effects as well. As a result, the therapies that are more in line with human physiology and make the least interference with other pathways are worth investigating. On the other hand, remaining and persistent symptoms after therapy and the lack of effective response to the conventional approaches have raised expectations towards innovative alternative approaches, such as stem cell-based therapy. It is critical to not overlook the unexplored side effects of innovative approaches due to the limited number of research. In this review, we aimed to compare the efficacy and risk of advanced therapies with innovative cell-based and stemcell- based modalities in PD patients. This paper recapitulated the underlying factors/conditions, which could lead us to more practical and established therapeutic outcomes with more advantages and few complications. It could be an initial step to reconsider the therapeutic blueprint for patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Salahi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Alsadat Mousavi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research, Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Torres-Ortega PV, Del Campo-Montoya R, Plano D, Paredes J, Aldazabal J, Luquin MR, Santamaría E, Sanmartín C, Blanco-Prieto MJ, Garbayo E. Encapsulation of MSCs and GDNF in an Injectable Nanoreinforced Supramolecular Hydrogel for Brain Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4629-4644. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vicente Torres-Ortega
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rubén Del Campo-Montoya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jacobo Paredes
- Tecnun, School of Engineering, University of Navarra, C/Manuel de Lardizábal 15, 20018San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Javier Aldazabal
- Tecnun, School of Engineering, University of Navarra, C/Manuel de Lardizábal 15, 20018San Sebastián, Spain
| | - María-Rosario Luquin
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, C/Pío XII 36, 31008Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdisNa), 31008Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J. Blanco-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Garbayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008Pamplona, Spain
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Del Campo-Montoya R, Luquin MR, Puerta E, Garbayo E, Blanco-Prieto M. Hydrogels for Brain Repair: Application to Parkinson's Disease. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1521-1537. [PMID: 36240170 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2136161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Currently, there are no curative therapies, with only symptomatic treatment available. One of the principal reasons for the lack of treatments is the problem of delivering drugs to the brain, mainly due to the blood-brain barrier. Hydrogels are presented as ideal platforms for delivering treatments to the brain ranging from small molecules to cell replacement therapies. AREAS COVERED The potential application of hydrogel-based therapies for Parkinson's disease is addressed. The desirable composition and mechanical properties of these therapies for brain application are discussed, alongside the preclinical research available with hydrogels in Parkinson's disease. Lastly, translational and manufacturing challenges are presented. EXPERT OPINION Parkinson's disease urgently needs novel therapies to delay its progression and for advanced stages, at which conventional therapies fail to control motor symptoms. Neurotrophic factor-loaded hydrogels with stem cells offer one of the most promising therapies. This approach may increase the striatal dopamine content while protecting and promoting the differentiation of stem cells although the generation of synapses between engrafted and host cells remains an issue to overcome. Other challenges to consider are related to the route of administration of hydrogels and their large-scale production, required to accelerate their translation toward the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - E Garbayo
- University of navarra, pamplona, 31008 spain
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Korde DS, Humpel C. Spreading of P301S Aggregated Tau Investigated in Organotypic Mouse Brain Slice Cultures. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091164. [PMID: 36139003 PMCID: PMC9496515 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau pathology extends throughout the brain in a prion-like fashion through connected brain regions. However, the details of the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The present study aims to examine the spreading of P301S aggregated tau, a mutation that is implicated in tauopathies, using organotypic slice cultures. Coronal hippocampal organotypic brain slices (170 µm) were prepared from postnatal (day 8–10) C57BL6 wild-type mice. Collagen hydrogels loaded with P301S aggregated tau were applied to slices and the spread of tau was assessed by immunohistochemistry after 8 weeks in culture. Collagen hydrogels prove to be an effective protein delivery system subject to natural degradation in 14 days and they release tau proteins up to 8 weeks. Slices with un- and hyperphosphorylated P301S aggregated tau demonstrate significant spreading to the ventral parts of the hippocampal slices compared to empty collagen hydrogels after 8 weeks. Moreover, the spread of P301S aggregated tau occurs in a time-dependent manner, which was interrupted when the neuroanatomical pathways are lesioned. We illustrate that the spreading of tau can be investigated in organotypic slice cultures using collagen hydrogels to achieve a localized application and slow release of tau proteins. P301S aggregated tau significantly spreads to the ventral areas of the slices, suggesting that the disease-relevant aggregated tau form possesses spreading potential. Thus, the results offer a novel experimental approach to investigate tau pathology.
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Nguyen TT, Bao NS, Van Vo G. Advances in Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2129-2141. [PMID: 35596041 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common central nervous system disorder (CNS) characterized by cell loss in the substantia nigra. Severe loss of dopaminergic neurons and Lewy body formation with α-synuclein inclusions are the main neuropathological features of PD. There's currently no cure for PD, but treatments are available to help relieve the symptoms and maintain quality of life. However, the variety of clinically available therapeutic molecules is mainly limited to treating symptoms rather than halting or reversing disease progression via medical interventions. As an emerging drug carrier, hydrogels loaded with therapeutic agents and cells are attracting attention as an alternative and potentially more effective approach to managing PD. The current work highlights applications of hydrogel-based biomaterials in cell culture and disease modeling as carriers for cells, medicines, and proteins as PD therapeutic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Si Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam. .,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Giau Van Vo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam. .,Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH), School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam. .,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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Uçar B, Stefanova N, Humpel C. Spreading of Aggregated α-Synuclein in Sagittal Organotypic Mouse Brain Slices. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020163. [PMID: 35204664 PMCID: PMC8961638 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain plays a role in synucleinopathies and it is hypothesized to spread in a prion-like fashion between connected brain regions. In the present study, we aim to investigate this spreading in well-characterized sagittal organotypic whole brain slices taken from postnatal wild type (WT) and transgenic mice overexpressing human α-syn under the promoter of proteolipid protein (PLP). Collagen hydrogels were loaded with monomers of human α-syn, as well as human and mouse pre-formed fibrils (PFFs), to allow local application and slow release. The spreading of α-syn was evaluated in different brain regions by immunohistochemistry for total α-syn and α-syn phosphorylated at the serine129 position (α-syn-P). The application of human and mouse PFFs of α-syn caused the aggregation and spreading of α-syn-P in the brain slices, which was pronounced the most at the region of hydrogel application and surrounding striatum, as well as along the median forebrain bundle. The organotypic slices from transgenic mice showed significantly more α-syn pathology than those from WT mice. The present study demonstrates that seeding with α-syn PFFs but not monomers induced intracellular α-syn pathology, which was significantly more prominent in brain slices with α-syn overexpression. This is consistent with the prion-like spreading theory of α-syn aggregates. The sagittal whole brain slices characterized in this study carry the potential to be used as a novel model to study α-syn pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Uçar
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer’s Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Laboratory for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer’s Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-504-23712; Fax: +43-512-504-23713
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8
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Pinho TS, Cunha CB, Lanceros-Méndez S, Salgado AJ. Electroactive Smart Materials for Neural Tissue Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6604-6618. [PMID: 35006964 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Repair in the human nervous system is a complex and intertwined process that offers significant challenges to its study and comprehension. Taking advantage of the progress in fields such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the scientific community has witnessed a strong increase of biomaterial-based approaches for neural tissue regenerative therapies. Electroactive materials, increasingly being used as sensors and actuators, also find application in neurosciences due to their ability to deliver electrical signals to the cells and tissues. The use of electrical signals for repairing impaired neural tissue therefore presents an interesting and innovative approach to bridge the gap between fundamental research and clinical applications in the next few years. In this review, first a general overview of electroactive materials, their historical origin, and characteristics are presented. Then a comprehensive view of the applications of electroactive smart materials for neural tissue regeneration is presented, with particular focus on the context of spinal cord injury and brain repair. Finally, the major challenges of the field are discussed and the main challenges for the near future presented. Overall, it is concluded that electroactive smart materials play an ever-increasing role in neural tissue regeneration, appearing as potentially valuable biomaterials for regenerative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany S Pinho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristiana B Cunha
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal.,BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Li A, Tyson J, Patel S, Patel M, Katakam S, Mao X, He W. Emerging Nanotechnology for Treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:672594. [PMID: 34113606 PMCID: PMC8185219 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.672594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of the two most common neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), are expected to rise alongside the progressive aging of society. Both PD and AD are classified as proteinopathies with misfolded proteins α-synuclein, amyloid-β, and tau. Emerging evidence suggests that these misfolded aggregates are prion-like proteins that induce pathological cell-to-cell spreading, which is a major driver in pathogenesis. Additional factors that can further affect pathology spreading include oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and cell death. Nanomaterials present advantages over traditional chemical or biological therapeutic approaches at targeting these specific mechanisms. They can have intrinsic properties that lead to a decrease in oxidative stress or an ability to bind and disaggregate fibrils. Additionally, nanomaterials enhance transportation across the blood-brain barrier, are easily functionalized, increase drug half-lives, protect cargo from immune detection, and provide a physical structure that can support cell growth. This review highlights emergent nanomaterials with these advantages that target oxidative stress, the fibrillization process, inflammation, and aid in regenerative medicine for both PD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Li
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Joel Tyson
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shivni Patel
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Meer Patel
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sruthi Katakam
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Weiwei He
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanomaterials for Energy and Catalysis, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
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10
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Gulsun T, Ucar B, Sahin S, Humpel C. The Organic Cation Transporter 2 Inhibitor Quinidine Modulates the Neuroprotective Effect of Nerve Growth Factor and Memantine on Cholinergic Neurons of the Basal Nucleus of Meynert in Organotypic Brain Slices. Pharmacology 2021; 106:390-399. [PMID: 33979803 DOI: 10.1159/000515907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder of the brain characterized by degeneration of cholinergic neurons which is directly linked to cognitive decline. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the most potent protective factor for cholinergic neurons, additionally the NMDA antagonist memantine blocks glutamate-mediated excitotoxic activity. Quinidine is an inhibitor of organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2). OCT2 is located on cholinergic neurons and plays a role in presynaptic reuptake and recycling of acetylcholine in the brain. We hypothesize that quinidine can modulate the protective effects of NGF and memantine on cholinergic neurons in organotypic brain slices of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nBM). METHODS Organotypic brain slices of nBM were incubated with 100 ng/mL NGF, 10 µM memantine, 10 µM quinidine, and combinations of these treatments for 2 weeks. Cholinergic neurons were immunohistochemically stained for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). RESULTS Our data show that NGF as well as memantine counteracted the cell death of cholinergic nBM neurons. Quinidine alone had no toxic effect on cholinergic neurons but inhibited the protective effect of NGF and memantine when applied simultaneously. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence that quinidine modulates the survival of cholinergic nBM neurons via OCT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Gulsun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Buket Ucar
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Selma Sahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Newland B, Newland H, Lorenzi F, Eigel D, Welzel PB, Fischer D, Wang W, Freudenberg U, Rosser A, Werner C. Injectable Glycosaminoglycan-Based Cryogels from Well-Defined Microscale Templates for Local Growth Factor Delivery. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1178-1188. [PMID: 33754692 PMCID: PMC8033563 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
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Glycosaminoglycan-based hydrogels
hold great potential for applications
in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. By mimicking the
natural extracellular matrix processes of growth factor binding and
release, such hydrogels can be used as a sustained delivery device
for growth factors. Since neural networks commonly follow well-defined,
high-aspect-ratio paths through the central and peripheral nervous
system, we sought to create a fiber-like, elongated growth factor
delivery system. Cryogels, with networks formed at subzero temperatures,
are well-suited for the creation of high-aspect-ratio biomaterials,
because they have a macroporous structure making them mechanically
robust (for ease of handling) yet soft and highly compressible (for
interfacing with brain tissue). Unlike hydrogels, cryogels can be
synthesized in advance of their use, stored with ease, and rehydrated
quickly to their original shape. Herein, we use solvent-assisted microcontact
molding to form sacrificial templates, in which we produced highly
porous cryogel microscale scaffolds with a well-defined elongated
shape via the photopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate
and maleimide-functionalized heparin. Dissolution of the template
yielded cryogels that could load nerve growth factor (NGF) and release
it over a period of 2 weeks, causing neurite outgrowth in PC12 cell
cultures. This microscale template-assisted synthesis technique allows
tight control over the cryogel scaffold dimensions for high reproducibility
and ease of injection through fine gauge needles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Newland
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Heike Newland
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Francesca Lorenzi
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Francesco Marzolo, 135131 Padova, Italy
| | - Dimitri Eigel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra B. Welzel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dieter Fischer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Charles Institute for Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Rosser
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, U.K
- Brain Repair And Intracranial Neurotherapeutics (BRAIN) Unit, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis
Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ3, U.K
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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12
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Ucar B. Natural biomaterials in brain repair: A focus on collagen. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105033. [PMID: 33785419 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials derived from natural resources have increasingly been used for versatile applications in the central nervous system (CNS). Thanks to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural biomaterials offer vast possibilities for future clinical repair strategies for the CNS. These materials can be used for diverse applications such as hydrogels to fill the tissue cavities, microparticles to deliver drugs across the blood-brain barrier, and scaffolds to transplant stem cells. In this review, various uses of prominent protein and polysaccharide biomaterials, with a special focus on collagen, in repair and regenerative applications for the brain are summarized together with their individual advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Ucar
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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13
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Krishnan UM. Biomaterials in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:105003. [PMID: 33657427 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease, the treatment of which is mainly centred around supplementation of dopamine. Additional targets have been identified and newer chemotherapeutic agents have been introduced but their clinical efficacy is limited due to solubility, bioavailability issues and inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A wide range of biomaterials ranging from biomolecules, polymers, inorganic metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have been employed to assist the delivery of these therapeutic agents into the brain. Additionally, strategies to deliver cells to restore the dopaminergic neurons also have shown promise due to the integration of biocompatible materials that aid neurogenesis through a combination of topographical, chemical and mechanical cues. Neuroprosthetics is an area that may become significant in treatment of motor deficits associated with Parkinson's disease, and involves development of highly conductive and robust electrode materials with excellent cytocompatibility. This review summarizes the major role played by biomaterials in design of novel strategies and in the improvement of existing therapeutic methods as well as the emerging trends in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- School of Arts, Science & Humanities, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India.
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14
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Ucar B, Kajtez J, Foidl BM, Eigel D, Werner C, Long KR, Emnéus J, Bizeau J, Lomora M, Pandit A, Newland B, Humpel C. Biomaterial based strategies to reconstruct the nigrostriatal pathway in organotypic slice co-cultures. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:250-262. [PMID: 33242639 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protection or repair of the nigrostriatal pathway represents a principal disease-modifying therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease (PD). Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) holds great therapeutic potential for PD, but its efficacious delivery remains difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of different biomaterials (hydrogels, microspheres, cryogels and microcontact printed surfaces) for reconstructing the nigrostriatal pathway in organotypic co-culture of ventral mesencephalon and dorsal striatum. The biomaterials (either alone or loaded with GDNF) were locally applied onto the brain co-slices and fiber growth between the co-slices was evaluated after three weeks in culture based on staining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Collagen hydrogels loaded with GDNF slightly promoted the TH+ nerve fiber growth towards the dorsal striatum, while GDNF loaded microspheres embedded within the hydrogels did not provide an improvement. Cryogels alone or loaded with GDNF also enhanced TH+ fiber growth. Lines of GDNF immobilized onto the membrane inserts via microcontact printing also significantly improved TH+ fiber growth. In conclusion, this study shows that various biomaterials and tissue engineering techniques can be employed to regenerate the nigrostriatal pathway in organotypic brain slices. This comparison of techniques highlights the relative merits of different technologies that researchers can use/develop for neuronal regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Ucar
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Janko Kajtez
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering), Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Bettina M Foidl
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dimitri Eigel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Germany
| | - Katherine R Long
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Emnéus
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering), Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Joëlle Bizeau
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mihai Lomora
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ben Newland
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Germany; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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15
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Ucar B, Yusufogullari S, Humpel C. Collagen hydrogels loaded with fibroblast growth factor-2 as a bridge to repair brain vessels in organotypic brain slices. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:2521-2529. [PMID: 32862235 PMCID: PMC7541361 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vessel damage is a general pathological process in many neurodegenerative disorders, as well as spinal cord injury, stroke, or trauma. Biomaterials can present novel tools to repair and regenerate damaged vessels. The aim of the present study is to test collagen hydrogels loaded with different angiogenic factors to study vessel repair in organotypic brain slice cultures. In the experimental set up I, we made a cut on the organotypic brain slice and tested re-growth of laminin + vessels. In the experimental set up II, we cultured two half brain slices with a gap with a collagen hydrogel placed in between to study endothelial cell migration. In the experimental set up I, we showed that the number of vessels crossing the cut was tendencially increased with the addition of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor, or platelet-derived growth factor-BB compared to the control group. In the experimental set up II, we demonstrated that a collagen hydrogel loaded with FGF-2 resulted in a significantly increased number of migrated laminin + cells in the gap between the slices compared to the control hydrogel. Co-administration of several growth factors did not further potentiate the effects. Taken together, we show that organotypic brain slices are good models to study brain vessels and FGF-2 is a potent angiogenic factor for endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Our results provide evidence that the collagen hydrogels can be used as an extracellular matrix for the vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Ucar
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sedef Yusufogullari
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Biomedical Institute, Gebze Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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16
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Application of Nanotechnology in Stem-Cell-Based Therapy of Neurodegenerative Diseases. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10144852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In addition to adverse health outcomes, neurological disorders have serious societal and economic impacts on patients, their family and society as a whole. There is no definite treatment for these disorders, and current available drugs only slow down the progression of the disease. In recent years, application of stem cells has been widely advanced due to their potential of self-renewal and differentiation to different cell types which make them suitable candidates for cell therapy. In particular, this approach offers great opportunities for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, some major issues related to stem-cell therapy, including their tumorigenicity, viability, safety, metastases, uncontrolled differentiation and possible immune response have limited their application in clinical scales. To address these challenges, a combination of stem-cell therapy with nanotechnology can be a solution. Nanotechnology has the potential of improvement of stem-cell therapy by providing ideal substrates for large scale proliferation of stem cells. Application of nanomaterial in stem-cell culture will be also beneficial to modulation of stem-cell differentiation using nanomedicines. Nanodelivery of functional compounds can enhance the efficiency of neuron therapy by stem cells and development of nanobased techniques for real-time, accurate and long-lasting imaging of stem-cell cycle processes. However, these novel techniques need to be investigated to optimize their efficiency in treatment of neurologic diseases.
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Bordoni M, Scarian E, Rey F, Gagliardi S, Carelli S, Pansarasa O, Cereda C. Biomaterials in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093243. [PMID: 32375302 PMCID: PMC7247337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinal cord injury) represent a great problem worldwide and are becoming prevalent because of the increasing average age of the population. Despite many studies having focused on their etiopathology, the exact cause of these diseases is still unknown and until now, there are only symptomatic treatments. Biomaterials have become important not only for the study of disease pathogenesis, but also for their application in regenerative medicine. The great advantages provided by biomaterials are their ability to mimic the environment of the extracellular matrix and to allow the growth of different types of cells. Biomaterials can be used as supporting material for cell proliferation to be transplanted and as vectors to deliver many active molecules for the treatments of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we aim to report the potentiality of biomaterials (i.e., hydrogels, nanoparticles, self-assembling peptides, nanofibers and carbon-based nanomaterials) by analyzing their use in the regeneration of neural and glial cells their role in axon outgrowth. Although further studies are needed for their use in humans, the promising results obtained by several groups leads us to suppose that biomaterials represent a potential therapeutic approach for the treatments of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bordoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Eveljn Scarian
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Genomic and post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Federica Rey
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Via Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (S.C.)
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Via Grassi, 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Genomic and post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Via Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (S.C.)
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Via Grassi, 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Genomic and post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-380-248
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (C.C.)
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Pinho AG, Cibrão JR, Silva NA, Monteiro S, Salgado AJ. Cell Secretome: Basic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities for CNS Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E31. [PMID: 32093352 PMCID: PMC7169381 DOI: 10.3390/ph13020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of stem cells, in particular mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), stands as a promising therapy for trauma, stroke or neurodegenerative conditions such as spinal cord or traumatic brain injuries (SCI or TBI), ischemic stroke (IS), or Parkinson's disease (PD). Over the last few years, cell transplantation-based approaches have started to focus on the use of cell byproducts, with a strong emphasis on cell secretome. Having this in mind, the present review discusses the current state of the art of secretome-based therapy applications in different central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. For this purpose, the following topics are discussed: (1) What are the main cell secretome sources, composition, and associated collection techniques; (2) Possible differences of the therapeutic potential of the protein and vesicular fraction of the secretome; and (3) Impact of the cell secretome on CNS-related problems such as SCI, TBI, IS, and PD. With this, we aim to clarify some of the main questions that currently exist in the field of secretome-based therapies and consequently gain new knowledge that may help in the clinical application of secretome in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia G. Pinho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.P.); (J.R.C.); (N.A.S.); (S.M.)
- ICVS/3B’s PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge R. Cibrão
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.P.); (J.R.C.); (N.A.S.); (S.M.)
- ICVS/3B’s PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno A. Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.P.); (J.R.C.); (N.A.S.); (S.M.)
- ICVS/3B’s PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana Monteiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.P.); (J.R.C.); (N.A.S.); (S.M.)
- ICVS/3B’s PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J. Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.P.); (J.R.C.); (N.A.S.); (S.M.)
- ICVS/3B’s PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Fernandez-Serra R, Gallego R, Lozano P, González-Nieto D. Hydrogels for neuroprotection and functional rewiring: a new era for brain engineering. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:783-789. [PMID: 31719237 PMCID: PMC6990788 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.268891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurological devastation of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases reinforces our perseverance to find advanced treatments to deal with these fatal pathologies. High-performance preclinical results have failed at clinical level, as it has been the case for a wide variety of neuroprotective agents and cell-based therapies employed to treat high prevalent brain pathologies such as stroke, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. An unquestionable reality is the current absence of effective therapies to neuroprotect the brain, to arrest neurodegeneration and rewire the impaired brain circuits. Part of the problem might arise from the lack of adequate in vitro and in vivo models and that most of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet clarified. Another contributing factor is the lack of efficient systems to sustain drug release at therapeutic concentrations and enhance the survival and function of grafted cells in transplantation procedures. For medical applications the use of biomaterials of different compositions and formats has experienced a boom in the last decades. Although the greater complexity of central nervous system has probably conditioned their extensive use with respect to other organs, the number of biomaterials-based applications to treat the injured brain or in the process of being damaged has grown exponentially. Hydrogel-based biomaterials have constituted a turning point in the treatment of cerebral disorders using a new form of advanced therapy. Hydrogels show mechanical properties in the range of cerebral tissue resulting very suitable for local implantation of drugs and cells. It is also possible to fabricate three-dimensional hydrogel constructs with adaptable mesh size to facilitate axonal guidance and elongation. Along this article, we review the current trends in this area highlighting the positive impact of hydrogel-based biomaterials over the exhaustive control of drug delivery, cell engraftment and axonal reinnervation in brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebeca Gallego
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Lozano
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Nieto
- Center for Biomedical Technology; Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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Intracellular Neuroprotective Mechanisms in Neuron-Glial Networks Mediated by Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1036907. [PMID: 31827666 PMCID: PMC6885812 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1036907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has a pronounced neuroprotective effect in various nervous system pathologies, including ischaemic brain damage and neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we studied the effect of GDNF on the ultrastructure and functional activity of neuron-glial networks during acute hypoxic exposure, a key damaging factor in numerous brain pathologies. We analysed the molecular mechanisms most likely involved in the positive effects of GDNF. Hypoxia modelling was performed on day 14 of culturing primary hippocampal cells obtained from mouse embryos (E18). GDNF (1 ng/ml) was added to the culture medium 20 min before oxygen deprivation. Acute hypoxia-induced irreversible changes in the ultrastructure of neurons and astrocytes led to the loss of functional Сa2+ activity and neural network disruption. Destructive changes in the mitochondrial apparatus and its functional activity characterized by an increase in the basal oxygen consumption rate and respiratory chain complex II activity during decreased stimulated respiration intensity were observed 24 hours after hypoxic injury. At a concentration of 1 ng/ml, GDNF maintained the functional metabolic network activity in primary hippocampal cultures and preserved the structure of the synaptic apparatus and number of mature chemical synapses, confirming its neuroprotective effect. GDNF maintained the normal structure of mitochondria in neuronal outgrowth but not in the soma. Analysis of the possible GDNF mechanism revealed that RET kinase, a component of the receptor complex, and the PI3K/Akt pathway are crucial for the neuroprotective effect of GDNF. The current study also revealed the role of GDNF in the regulation of HIF-1α transcription factor expression under hypoxic conditions.
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