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Przewłócka K, Korewo-Labelle D, Berezka P, Karnia MJ, Kaczor JJ. Current Aspects of Selected Factors to Modulate Brain Health and Sports Performance in Athletes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1842. [PMID: 38931198 PMCID: PMC11206260 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review offers a comprehensive evaluation of current aspects related to nutritional strategies, brain modulation, and muscle recovery, focusing on their applications and the underlying mechanisms of physiological adaptation for promoting a healthy brain, not only in athletes but also for recreationally active and inactive individuals. We propose that applying the rule, among others, of good sleep, regular exercise, and a properly balanced diet, defined as "SPARKS", will have a beneficial effect on the function and regeneration processes of the gut-brain-muscle axis. However, adopting the formula, among others, of poor sleep, stress, overtraining, and dysbiosis, defined as "SMOULDER", will have a detrimental impact on the function of this axis and consequently on human health as well as on athletes. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for optimizing brain health and cognitive function. This review highlights the significance of these factors for overall well-being, suggesting that adopting the "SPARKS" approach may benefit not only athletes but also older adults and individuals with health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Przewłócka
- Division of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Daria Korewo-Labelle
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Paweł Berezka
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Mateusz Jakub Karnia
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (M.J.K.)
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Ma H, Deng J, Liu J, Jin X, Yang J. Daytime aspartame intake results in larger influences on body weight, serum corticosterone level, serum/cerebral cytokines levels and depressive-like behaviors in mice than nighttime intake. Neurotoxicology 2024; 102:37-47. [PMID: 38499183 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Aspartame (APM) is one of the most widely used artificial sweeteners worldwide. Studies have revealed that consuming APM may negatively affect the body, causing oxidative stress damage to multiple organs and leading to various neurophysiological symptoms. However, it's still unclear if consuming APM and one's daily biological rhythm have an interactive effect on health. In this study, healthy adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (CON), oral gavage sham group (OGS), daytime APM intragastric group (DAI) and nighttime APM intragastric group (NAI). DAI and NAI groups were given 80 mg/kg body weight daily for 4 weeks. We found that DAI and NAI groups had significantly increased mean body weight, higher serum corticosterone levels, up-regulated pro-inflammatory responses in serum and brain, and exacerbated depressive-like behaviors than the CON and the two APM intake groups. Moreover, all these changes induced by APM intake were more significant in the DAI group than in the NAI group. The present study, for the first time, revealed that the intake of APM and daily biological rhythm have an interactive effect on health. This suggests that more attention should be paid to the timing of APM intake in human beings, and this study also provides an intriguing clue to the circadian rhythms of experimental animals that researchers should consider more when conducting animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiapeng Deng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Jiang WJ, Jiang XF, Hu WM, Wang HF. Tao-Hong-Si-Wu-Tang Improves the Depressive-like Behaviors in Mice Experiencing Perimenopausal Depression Through Modulating Activity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal-Ovary Axis and Activating the BDNF-TrkB-CREB Signaling Pathway. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 38682284 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Tao-Hong-Si-Wu-Tang (THSWT), a traditional Chinese herbal remedy, is commonly utilized for the treatment of female perimenopausal depression through regulating menstruation, but the mechanism remains unknown. In this study, ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups: low, medium, and high dose of THSWT (0.5, 1.5, and 4.5 g/kg), soy isoflavone (250 mg/kg), ovariectomy group, and control group. All mice, except the control group, had ovaries removed and were exposed to hypoxic stimulation for 28 days to establish a perimenopausal depression mice model. The mice, having unrestricted access to food and water, were administered THSWT treatment for a duration of 14 days. The Western blotting and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to determine protein and hormone levels, respectively. Experimental results showed that THSWT reduced the immobility time of mice from 150.8 s to 104.9 s in the tail suspension test, and it decreased the immobility time of mice from 165.7 s to 119.0 s in the forced swimming test, outperforming the results obtained with soy isoflavones. In addition, THSWT upregulated the protein expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and downregulated the protein expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone-receptor 1 in the hippocampus. Compared with the oophorectomized group, treatment with THSWT decreased the levels of corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone in serum by 173.7 and 23.4 ng/mL, respectively. These findings showed that THSWT could stimulate the perimenopausal nerve tissue and regulate the level of serum hormones in mice. THSWT exhibited promising potential as a viable alternative drug for hormone treatment of perimenopause in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Fan Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Fa Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Liu C, Liu F, Nie D, Xiao Y, Wu W, Jia Y, Jin L, Qiao N, Cai K, Ru S, Liu X, Song Y, Xu J, Cao L, Gui S. Gut microbiota composition and metabolic characteristics in patients with Craniopharyngioma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:521. [PMID: 38658858 PMCID: PMC11044453 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is associated with various intracranial neoplastic diseases. It has been observed that alterations in the gut microbiota are present in gliomas, meningiomas, and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (Pit-NETs). However, the correlation between gut microbiota and craniopharyngioma (CP), a rare embryonic malformation tumor in the sellar region, has not been previously mentioned. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the gut microbiota composition and metabolic patterns in CP patients, with the goal of identifying potential therapeutic approaches. METHODS We enrolled 15 medication-free and non-operated patients with CP and 15 healthy controls (HCs), conducting sequential metagenomic and metabolomic analyses on fecal samples to investigate changes in the gut microbiota of CP patients. RESULTS The composition of gut microbiota in patients with CP compared to HCs show significant discrepancies at both the genus and species levels. The CP group exhibits greater species diversity. And the metabolic patterns between the two groups vary markedly. CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiota composition and metabolic patterns in patients with CP differ significantly from the healthy population, presenting potential new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Fangzheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ding Nie
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Youchao Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Wentao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ning Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Kefan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Siming Ru
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yifan Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jintian Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Songbai Gui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Sah RK, Nandan A, Kv A, S P, S S, Jose A, Venkidasamy B, Nile SH. Decoding the role of the gut microbiome in gut-brain axis, stress-resilience, or stress-susceptibility: A review. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 91:103861. [PMID: 38134565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Increased exposure to stress is associated with stress-related disorders, including depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative conditions. However, susceptibility to stress is not seen in every individual exposed to stress, and many of them exhibit resilience. Thus, developing resilience to stress could be a big breakthrough in stress-related disorders, with the potential to replace or act as an alternative to the available therapies. In this article, we have focused on the recent advancements in gut microbiome research and the potential role of the gut-brain axis (GBA) in developing resilience or susceptibility to stress. There might be a complex interaction between the autonomic nervous system (ANS), immune system, endocrine system, microbial metabolites, and bioactive lipids like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), neurotransmitters, and their metabolites that regulates the communication between the gut microbiota and the brain. High fiber intake, prebiotics, probiotics, plant supplements, and fecal microbiome transplant (FMT) could be beneficial against gut dysbiosis-associated brain disorders. These could promote the growth of SCFA-producing bacteria, thereby enhancing the gut barrier and reducing the gut inflammatory response, increase the expression of the claudin-2 protein associated with the gut barrier, and maintain the blood-brain barrier integrity by promoting the expression of tight junction proteins such as claudin-5. Their neuroprotective effects might also be related to enhancing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1). Further investigations are needed in the field of the gut microbiome for the elucidation of the mechanisms by which gut dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjay Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Amritasree Nandan
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Athira Kv
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India.
| | - Prashant S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Sathianarayanan S
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mangalore, India
| | - Asha Jose
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and research, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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Lai TT, Liou CW, Tsai YH, Lin YY, Wu WL. Butterflies in the gut: the interplay between intestinal microbiota and stress. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:92. [PMID: 38012609 PMCID: PMC10683179 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is a global issue that affects at least one-third of the population worldwide and increases the risk of numerous psychiatric disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut and its inhabiting microbes may regulate stress and stress-associated behavioral abnormalities. Hence, the objective of this review is to explore the causal relationships between the gut microbiota, stress, and behavior. Dysbiosis of the microbiome after stress exposure indicated microbial adaption to stressors. Strikingly, the hyperactivated stress signaling found in microbiota-deficient rodents can be normalized by microbiota-based treatments, suggesting that gut microbiota can actively modify the stress response. Microbiota can regulate stress response via intestinal glucocorticoids or autonomic nervous system. Several studies suggest that gut bacteria are involved in the direct modulation of steroid synthesis and metabolism. This review provides recent discoveries on the pathways by which gut microbes affect stress signaling and brain circuits and ultimately impact the host's complex behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Lai
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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Chen J, Zhao BC, Dai XY, Xu YR, Kang JX, Li JL. Drinking alkaline mineral water confers diarrhea resistance in maternally separated piglets by maintaining intestinal epithelial regeneration via the brain-microbe-gut axis. J Adv Res 2023; 52:29-43. [PMID: 36539076 PMCID: PMC10555785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diarrhea has the fourth-highest mortality rate of all diseases and causes a large number of infant deaths each year. The maternally separated (MS) piglet (newly weaned piglet) is an excellent model to investigate the treatment of diarrhea in infants. Drinking alkaline mineral water has the potential to be therapeutic in gastrointestinal disorders, particularly diarrhea, but the supporting evidence from system studies and the mechanisms involved have yet to be reported. OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine whether drinking alkaline mineral water confers diarrhea resistance in MS piglets under weaning stress and what the fundamental mechanisms involved are. METHODS MS piglets were used to create a stress-induced intestinal disorder-diarrhea susceptibility model. A total of 240 MS piglets were randomly divided into two groups (6 pens/group and 20 piglets/pen). IPEC-J2 cell line was used for in vitro evaluation. An alkaline mineral complex (AMC) water was employed, and its effect on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, gut microbes, gut morphology, and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation and differentiation were investigated using a variety of experimental methodology. RESULTS AMC water reduced diarrhea rate in MS piglets by inhibiting the HPA axis, ameliorating gut microbiota structure, and stimulating IEC proliferation and differentiation. Apparently, the brain-microbe-gut axis is linked with AMC water conferring diarrhea resistance in piglets. Mechanistically, AMC water decreased stress hormones (COR and Hpt) secretion by suppressing HPA axis, which then increased the abundance of beneficial gut microbes; accordingly, maintained the proliferation of IEC and promoted the differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISC) into goblet cell and Paneth cell by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In the absence of gut microbiota (in vitro), AMC activated the LPS-induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibition in IPEC-J2 cells and significantly increased the number of Lgr5 + cells, whereas had no effect on IPEC-J2 differentiation. CONCLUSION Drinking alkaline mineral water confers diarrhea resistance in MS piglets by maintaining intestinal epithelial regeneration via the brain-microbe-gut axis; thus, this study provides a potential prevention strategy for young mammals at risk of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Bi-Chen Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xue-Yan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ya-Ru Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jian-Xun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Tong L, Chen G, Liu T, Wang L, Zhang H, Chen F, Zhang S, Du D. IFN-γ deficiency in the rostral ventrolateral medulla contributes to stress-induced hypertension by impairing microglial synaptic engulfment. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1323-1332. [PMID: 37260264 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunctional neurons and microglia in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of stress-induced hypertension (SIH). Functional perturbation of microglial synaptic engulfment can induce aberrant brain circuit activity. IFN-γ is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a role in regulating neuronal activity. However, existing research on the exploration of the effects of microglia on synapses in the RVLM is lacking, particularly on the function of IFN-γ in microglial synaptic engulfment involved in SIH. METHODS A SIH rat model was established by electric foot shocks combined with noise stimulation. The underlying mechanism of IFN-γ on synaptic density and microglial synaptic engulfment was investigated through in-vivo and in-vitro experiments involving gain of function, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and morphometric analysis. Furthermore, the function of IFN-γ in neuronal activity, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), and blood pressure (BP) regulation was determined through in-vivo and in-vitro experiments involving Ca 2+ imaging, immunofluorescence, platinum-iridium electrode recording, ELISA, the femoral artery cannulation test, and the tail-cuff method. RESULTS The BP, heart rate, RSNA, plasma norepinephrine, and the number of c-Fos-positive neurons in SIH rats increased compared with those in control rats. Pre and postsynaptic densities in the RVLM also increased in SIH rats. IFN-γ and CCL2 expression levels were significantly reduced in the RVLM of the SIH group, whose microglia also exhibited an impaired capacity for synapse engulfment. IFN-γ elevation increased CCL2 expression and microglial synaptic engulfment and decreased synaptic density in vivo and in vitro . However, CCL2 inhibition reversed these effects. Moreover, the reduction of neuronal excitability, RSNA, plasma norepinephrine, and BP by IFN-γ was abrogated through CCL2 expression. CONCLUSION IFN-γ deficiency in the RVLM impaired the microglial engulfment of synapses by inhibiting CCL2 expression and increasing synaptic density and neuronal excitability, thereby contributing to SIH progression. Targeting IFN-γ may be considered a potential strategy to combat SIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tong
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai
| | - Gaojun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai
| | - Tianfeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai
| | - Linping Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai
| | - Haili Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze
| | - Fuxue Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai
| | - Shuai Zhang
- International Cooperation Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Dongshu Du
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze
- Shaoxing Institute of Shanghai University, Shaoxing, China
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Qiu T, Jiang Z, Chen X, Dai Y, Zhao H. Comorbidity of Anxiety and Hypertension: Common Risk Factors and Potential Mechanisms. Int J Hypertens 2023; 2023:9619388. [PMID: 37273529 PMCID: PMC10234733 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9619388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is more common in patients with hypertension, and these two conditions frequently coexist. Recently, more emphasis has been placed on determining etiology in patients with comorbid hypertension and anxiety. This review focuses on the common risk factors and potential mechanisms of comorbid hypertension and anxiety. Firstly, we analyze the common risk factors of comorbid hypertension and anxiety including age, smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, lead, and traffic noise. The specific mechanisms underlying hypertension and anxiety were subsequently discussed, including interleukin (IL)-6 (IL-6), IL-17, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and gut dysbiosis. Increased IL-6, IL-17, and ROS accelerate the development of hypertension and anxiety. Gut dysbiosis leads to hypertension and anxiety by reducing short-chain fatty acids, vitamin D, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and increasing trimethylamine N-oxide (TAMO) and MYC. These shared risk factors and potential mechanisms may provide an effective strategy for treating and preventing hypertension and comorbid anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qiu
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- The Central Hospital of Changsha City, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Zhiming Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410006, China
| | - Xuancai Chen
- Urinary Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Yehua Dai
- Nursing College, University of Xiangnan, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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Wu J, Zhang D, Zhao M, Zheng X. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Increased NLRP3 Levels in Patients with Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:168. [PMID: 37024673 PMCID: PMC10079714 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is one of the most common diseases, causing high maternal morbidity and mortality. However, the correlation of gut microbiota in PIH has not been reported. Our aim was to characterize the intestinal microbiota of patients with PIH compared with healthy people. We analyzed and compared the gut microbiota communities in the feces of 28 PIH patients with pregnancy(not pre-pregnancy) body mass index (including height and weight)-matched healthy controls using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and then investigate the relationships among gut microbiota, cytokines, and PIH. Compared with the healthy group, microbial α diversity was lower in the PIH group, but not statistically significant different. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria exhibited obvious differences between the PIH and control groups. LEfSe analysis found 33 differentially abundant taxa between the two groups. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in PIH serum or placenta tissues was higher than that of the control group. In addition to alterations in gut microbiota composition, we also found that the Bac_Prevotellaceae, Pre_Prevotella bacteria were positively correlated with NLRP3 level, but negatively correlated with Bac_Bacteroidaceae, Bac_Bacteroides. PIH patients had gut microbiota dysbiosis and increased NLRP3 levels, which will lead to a better understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiota and PIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Meijing Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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Adult hypertensive rats are more prone to gut microflora perturbation and fibrosis in response to moderate restraint stress. Transl Res 2023; 254:92-114. [PMID: 36566015 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a common endpoint for numerous cardiovascular diseases, the prevalence of which has been quickly increasing due to a wide range of reasons. Previous research has found that following stress, ELISA and 16S rDNA sequencing indicated substantial changes in plasma cytokines or hormones, as well as alterations in gut microbiota in juvenile hypertensive rats. However, it remains still unclear how such interaction modifications affect microbial populations and organismal function. Stress-related hormones show a significant drop. Similar to earlier research, the stress group had dramatically increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17. Importantly, a unified collection of tools that allows for deep and comprehensive colonic structural investigation has been developed. Stress may limit the transition of macrophages (Mφs) to M1Mφs while increasing the transfer to M2Mφs. Evidence highlighted that tight junction proteins were decreased along with enhancement in intestinal permeability. Morphological analysis revealed that the SHR-S group exhibited considerably higher levels of morphological alterations and fibrosis in colon, heart, and thoracic aorta tissues.Significant improvements in bacteria linked with short-chain fatty acid synthesis, such as Prevotella and Ruminococcus, were discovered by metagenomic analysis. Adult hypertensive rats are more susceptible to gut microbiota disruption and fibrosis as a result of mild restraint stress. This might contribute to some innovative ideas for HTN both treatment and prevention.
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12
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Zhao H, Wu Q, Li N, Chen Y. The mechanism of chronic unpredictable mild stress induced high blood pressure in rats: a proteomic and targeted metabolomic analysis. Mol Omics 2023. [PMID: 36938653 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00332e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress, a leading factor for high blood pressure (BP) and even hypertension, affects health quality seriously. However, the management is rather difficult in our rapidly developing modern society, and the underlying mechanism that caused hypertension remains incompletely understood. In this study, we established a rat model of high BP induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The results showed that CUMS increased the BP and heart rate, as well as the concentrations of CORT, NA, and ACTH. Based on tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled proteomics, 13 proteins changed in RVLM. Then, targeted metabolomics together with real-time qPCR were applied to validate the levels of the biomolecules quantitatively. The related molecules were confirmed to reveal that CUMS has a great role in the upregulation of muscle contraction, synthesis of cAMP and transport of metals, while down-regulating ralaxin signaling. This finding facilitates a better understanding of the mechanism of hypertension induced by chronic stress and could provide an insight into the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhao
- Zhanjiang Institution of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524045, China. .,School of medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yinchuan Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Yinchuan, 750000, China. .,School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Na Li
- School of medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.,School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongchun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Zhanjiang, 524000, China.
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13
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The microbiota-gut-brain axis in pathogenesis of depression: A narrative review. Physiol Behav 2023; 260:114056. [PMID: 36528127 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional regulatory pathway between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract, which plays an important role in maintain homeostasis. Gut microbiota could influence the behavior, cognition, stress response and others via the axis. Depression is a complex psychiatric disease, giving rise to heavy social health and economic burden. In recent years, studies have shown that the gut microbiota are closely linked to the pathophysiological processes of depression. In this article, the interaction and its underlying mechanisms between depression and gut microbiota were summarized.
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14
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Tian D, Shi W, Yu Y, Zhou W, Tang Y, Zhang W, Huang L, Han Y, Liu G. Enrofloxacin exposure induces anxiety-like behavioral responses in zebrafish by affecting the microbiota-gut-brain axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160094. [PMID: 36372168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of antibiotic residues in aqueous environments poses a great potential threat to aquatic organisms. Nevertheless, the behavioral effects of environmentally realistic levels of antibiotics remain poorly understood in fish species. In this study, the behavioral impacts of enrofloxacin, one of typical fluoroquinolone antibiotics that is frequently detected in aquatic environments, were evaluated by the classic light-dark test (LDT) and novel tank task (NTT) in zebrafish. Furthermore, the effects of enrofloxacin exposure on the microbiota-gut-brain axis were also assessed to reveal potential affecting mechanisms underlying the behavioral abnormality observed. Our results demonstrated that zebrafish exposed to 60 μg/L enrofloxacin for 28 days took significantly longer to enter the stressful area of the testing tank and spent significantly less time there in both the LDT and NTT, indicating abnormal anxiety-like behaviors induced by the exposure. In addition, exposure to enrofloxacin at 6 and 60 μg/L resulted in a significant elevation in Bacteroidetes and a marked decline in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the gut microbiota. Moreover, the intestinal contents of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in zebrafish were significantly upregulated, whereas those of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol (COR) were markedly downregulated upon enrofloxacin exposure. Incubation of zebrafish with a high dose of enrofloxacin (60 μg/L) also resulted in evident increases in the contents of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the brain. Fortunately, no significant alteration in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was detected in the brain after enrofloxacin exposure. Our findings suggest that the disruption of the microbiota-gut-brain axis may account for enrofloxacin-induced anxiety-like behaviors in zebrafish. Since the disruption of microbiota-gut-brain axis may give rise to various clinical symptoms, the health risk of antibiotic exposure deserves more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Tian
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihan Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weixia Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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15
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Kasarello K, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A, Czarzasta K. Communication of gut microbiota and brain via immune and neuroendocrine signaling. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1118529. [PMID: 36760508 PMCID: PMC9907780 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1118529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of the human is inhabited by about 5 × 1013 bacteria (of about 1,000 species) as well as archaea, fungi, and viruses. Gut microbiota is known to influence the host organism, but the host may also affect the functioning of the microbiota. This bidirectional cooperation occurs in three main inter-organ signaling: immune, neural, and endocrine. Immune communication relies mostly on the cytokines released by the immune cells into circulation. Also, pathogen-associated or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs) may enter circulation and affect the functioning of the internal organs and gut microbiota. Neural communication relies mostly on the direct anatomical connections made by the vagus nerve, or indirect connections via the enteric nervous system. The third pathway, endocrine communication, is the broadest one and includes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This review focuses on presenting the latest data on the role of the gut microbiota in inter-organ communication with particular emphasis on the role of neurotransmitters (catecholamines, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid), intestinal peptides (cholecystokinin, peptide YY, and glucagon-like peptide 1), and bacterial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids).
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Wen L, Miao X, Ding J, Tong X, Wu Y, He Y, Zheng F. Pesticides as a risk factor for cognitive impairment: Natural substances are expected to become alternative measures to prevent and improve cognitive impairment. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1113099. [PMID: 36937345 PMCID: PMC10016095 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are the most effective way to control diseases, insects, weeds, and fungi. The central nervous system (CNS) is damaged by pesticide residues in various ways. By consulting relevant databases, the systemic relationships between the possible mechanisms of pesticides damage to the CNS causing cognitive impairment and related learning and memory pathways networks, as well as the structure-activity relationships between some natural substances (such as polyphenols and vitamins) and the improvement were summarized in this article. The mechanisms of cognitive impairment caused by pesticides are closely related. For example, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation can constitute three feedback loops that interact and restrict each other. The mechanisms of neurotransmitter abnormalities and intestinal dysfunction also play an important role. The connection between pathways is complex. NMDAR, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, Keap1/Nrf2/ARE, and NF-κB pathways can be connected into a pathway network by targets such as Ras, Akt, and IKK. The reasons for the improvement of natural substances are related to their specific structure, such as polyphenols with different hydroxyl groups. This review's purpose is to lay a foundation for exploring and developing more natural substances that can effectively improve the cognitive impairment caused by pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liankui Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiwen Miao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuewen Tong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuzhu Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yuzhu Wu, ✉
| | - Yang He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Yang He, ✉
| | - Fei Zheng
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Fei Zheng, ✉
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Tan J, Gong J, Liu F, Li B, Li Z, You J, He J, Wu S. Evaluation of an Antibiotic Cocktail for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Mouse. Front Nutr 2022; 9:918098. [PMID: 35719145 PMCID: PMC9204140 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.918098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an antibiotic cocktail on gut microbiota and provide a reference for establishing an available mouse model for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of specific microbes. Design C57BL/6J mice (n = 24) had free access to an antibiotic cocktail containing vancomycin (0.5 g/L), ampicillin (1 g/L), neomycin (1 g/L), and metronidazole (1 g/L) in drinking water for 3 weeks. Fecal microbiota was characterized by 16S rDNA gene sequencing at the beginning, 1st week, and 3rd week, respectively. The mice were then treated with fecal microbiota from normal mice for 1 week to verify the efficiency of FMT. Results The diversity of microbiota including chao1, observed species, phylogenetic diversity (PD) whole tree, and Shannon index were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after being treated with the antibiotic cocktail for 1 or 3 weeks. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia was decreased by 99.94, 92.09, and 100%, respectively, while Firmicutes dominated the microbiota at the phylum level after 3 weeks of treatment. Meanwhile, Lactococcus, a genus belonging to the phylum of Firmicutes dominated the microbiota at the genus level with a relative abundance of 80.63%. Further FMT experiment indicated that the fecal microbiota from the receptor mice had a similar composition to the donor mice after 1 week. Conclusion The antibiotic cocktail containing vancomycin, ampicillin, neomycin, and metronidazole eliminates microbes belonging to Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia, which can be recovered by FMT in mice.
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18
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Cheng WY, Ho YS, Chang RCC. Linking circadian rhythms to microbiome-gut-brain axis in aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101620. [PMID: 35405323 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that both disruption of circadian rhythms and gut dysbiosis are closely related to aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Over the last decade, the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been an emerging field and revolutionized studies in pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of neurological disorders. Crosstalk between the brain and gut microbiota can be accomplished via the endocrine, immune, and nervous system. Recent studies have shown that the composition and diurnal oscillation of gut microbiota are influenced by host circadian rhythms. This provides a new perspective for investigating the microbiome-gut-brain axis. We aim to review current understanding and research on the dynamic interaction between circadian rhythms and the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Furthermore, we will address the possible neurodegenerative disease contribution through circadian rhythms and microbiome-gut-brain axis crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Yin Cheng
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yuen-Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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19
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Oral short-chain fatty acids administration regulates innate anxiety in adult microbiome-depleted mice. Neuropharmacology 2022; 214:109140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Zhang W, Ding T, Zhang H, Chen Y, Liu L, Jiang J, Song S, Cheng H, Wu C, Sun J, Wu Q. Clostridium butyricum RH2 Alleviates Chronic Foot Shock Stress-Induced Behavioral Deficits in Rats via PAI-1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:845221. [PMID: 35462923 PMCID: PMC9019525 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.845221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations have demonstrated that the chronic stress-induced behavioral disorders can be ameliorated by probiotics including Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) via the gut-brain-axis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of C. butyricum on brain remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether chronic foot shock stress (CFSS) paradigm used for a hypertensive animal model could induce mood disorders such as anxiety, depression and cognitive impairments. Then, we assessed the impact of C. butyricum RH2 on the behavior disorders and neurobiological alterations in the hippocampus. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received intermittent electric shocks for consecutive 14 days and were treated with C. butyricum RH2 for 17 days. Anxiety- or depression-like behaviors were evaluated by open field test (OFT), and elevated plus maze (EPM). The Morris water maze test (MWM) was used to evaluate the cognitive functions. CFSS intervention led to mild anxiety- or depression-like behavior or cognitive impairment and C. butyricum RH2 treatment reversed the CFSS-induced symptoms. The serum ACTH or CORT was increased following CFSS but was completely reversed by C. butyricum RH2 treatment. In the hippocampus of CFSS rats, the expressions of BDNF and TrkB were downregulated but proBDNF and P75NTR were upregulated. These expression changes were partially reversed by C. butyricum RH2, suggesting a mode of action on BDNF and proBDNF balance. CFSS exposure resulted in downregulation of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) but upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI-1), which could contribute to the decrease in BDNF by reduced conversion from proBDNF to BDNF in the hippocampus. C. butyricum RH2 treatment reversed the upregulated PAI-1 but not the downregulated tPA, which was in parallel with the amelioration of behavioral abnormalities, suggesting a novel tPA independent mechanism for PAI-1 action. Our results demonstrate for the first time that C. butyricum RH2 attenuates stress-induced behavior disorders via inhibiting the expression of brain PAI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Zhang
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Tingyu Ding
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Jinjin Jiang
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Siyuan Song
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Marketing Department, Hangzhou Grand Biologic Pharmaceutical Inc., Hangzhou, China
| | - Changhao Wu
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Jihu Sun
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
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21
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Zhang S, Xing M, Chen G, Tong L, Zhang H, Du D. Upregulation of miR‐335 and miR‐674‐3p in the rostral ventrolateral medulla contributes to stress‐induced hypertension. J Neurochem 2022; 161:387-404. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- International Cooperation Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Mengyu Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio‐Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
- School of Life Scicences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Gaojun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio‐Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
- School of Life Scicences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Lei Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio‐Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
- School of Life Scicences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Haili Zhang
- School of Life Sciences Heze University Heze Shandong China
| | - Dongshu Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio‐Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
- School of Life Scicences Shanghai University Shanghai China
- Shaoxing institute of technology Zhejiang China
- School of Life Sciences Heze University Heze Shandong China
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22
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Suda K, Matsuda K. How Microbes Affect Depression: Underlying Mechanisms via the Gut-Brain Axis and the Modulating Role of Probiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031172. [PMID: 35163104 PMCID: PMC8835211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiome influences the brain functions and psychological state of its host via the gut-brain axis, and gut dysbiosis has been linked to several mental illnesses, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Animal experiments have shown that a depletion of the gut microbiota leads to behavioral changes, and is associated with pathological changes, including abnormal stress response and impaired adult neurogenesis. Short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate are known to contribute to the up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and gut dysbiosis causes decreased levels of BDNF, which could affect neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. Increased gut permeability causes an influx of gut microbial components such as lipopolysaccharides, and the resultant systemic inflammation may lead to neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. In light of the fact that gut microbial factors contribute to the initiation and exacerbation of depressive symptoms, this review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in MDD onset, and discusses the therapeutic potential of probiotics, including butyrate-producing bacteria, which can mediate the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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23
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Gut Microbiota Implications for Health and Welfare in Farm Animals: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010093. [PMID: 35011199 PMCID: PMC8749645 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Farm animal health and welfare have been paid increasing concern in the world, which is generally assessed by the measurements of physical health, immune response, behavior, and physiological indicators, such as stress-related hormone, cortisone, and norepinephrine. Gut microbiota as a “forgotten organ” has been reported for its great influence on the host phenotypes through the immune, neural, and endocrine pathways to affect the host health and behavior. In addition, fecal microbiota transplantation as a novel approach is applied to regulating the composition and function of the recipient farm animals. In this review, we summarized recent studies that gut microbiota influenced health, immunity, behavior, and stress response, as well as the progress of fecal microbiota transplantation in farm animals. The review will provide new insights into the measurement of farm animal health and welfare concerning gut microbiota, and the implication of fecal microbiota transplantation to improve productivity, health, and welfare. Above all, this review suggests that gut microbiota is a promising field to evaluate and improve animal welfare. Abstract In the past few decades, farm animal health and welfare have been paid increasing concern worldwide. Farm animal health and welfare are generally assessed by the measurements of physical health, immune response, behavior, and physiological indicators. The gut microbiota has been reported to have a great influence on host phenotypes, possibly via the immune processes, neural functions, and endocrine pathways, thereby influencing host phenotypes. However, there are few reviews regarding farm animals’ health and welfare status concerning the gut microbiota. In this point of view, (1) we reviewed recent studies showing that gut microbiota (higher alpha diversity, beneficial composition, and positive functions) effectively influenced health characteristics, immunity, behaviors, and stress response in farm animals (such as pigs, chickens, and cows), which would provide a novel approach to measure and evaluate the health status and welfare of farm animals. In addition, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as one of the methods can modulate the recipient individual’s gut microbiota to realize the expected phenotype. Further, (2) we highlighted the application of FMT on the improvement of the production performance, the reduction in disease and abnormal behavior, as well as the attenuation of stress in farm animals. It is concluded that the gut microbiota can be scientifically used to assess and improve the welfare of farm animals. Moreover, FMT may be a helpful strategy to reduce abnormal behavior and improve stress adaption, as well as the treatment of disease for farm animals. This review suggests that gut microbiota is a promising field to evaluate and improve animal welfare.
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Zhou G, Chen J, Wu C, Jiang P, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Li X. Deciphering the Protein, Modular Connections and Precision Medicine for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Hypertension Based on TMT Quantitative Proteomics and Molecular Docking. Front Physiol 2021; 12:607089. [PMID: 34721049 PMCID: PMC8552070 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.607089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exploring the potential biological relationships between heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and concomitant diseases has been the focus of many studies for the establishment of personalized therapies. Hypertension (HTN) is the most common concomitant disease in HFpEF patients, but the functional connections between HFpEF and HTN are still not fully understood and effective treatment strategies are still lacking. Methods: In this study, tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics was used to identify disease-related proteins and construct disease-related networks. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis of overlapping network modules was used to determine the functional similarities between HFpEF and HTN. Molecular docking and module analyses were combined to identify therapeutic targets for HFpEF and HTN. Results: Seven common differentially expressed proteins (co-DEPs) and eight overlapping modules were identified in HFpEF and HTN. The common biological processes between HFpEF and HTN were mainly related to energy metabolism. Myocardial contraction, energy metabolism, apoptosis, oxidative stress, immune response, and cardiac hypertrophy were all closely associated with HFpEF and HTN. Epinephrine, sulfadimethoxine, chloroform, and prednisolone acetate were best matched with the co-DEPs by molecular docking analyses. Conclusion: Myocardial contraction, energy metabolism, apoptosis, oxidative stress, immune response, and cardiac hypertrophy were the main functional connections between HFpEF and HTN. Epinephrine, sulfadimethoxine, chloroform, and prednisolone acetate could potentially be effective for the treatment of HTN and HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiye Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanhong Wu
- The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yongcheng Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yongjian Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuehua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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25
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Jing Y, Zhou H, Lu H, Chen X, Zhou L, Zhang J, Wu J, Dong C. Associations Between Peripheral Blood Microbiome and the Risk of Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:1064-1070. [PMID: 34105723 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies have reported the gut microbiome is closely related to hypertension development, whether the change in blood microbiome is associated with the risk of hypertension remains unclear. METHODS One hundred and fifty incident hypertension cases and 150 age (± 2 years) and gender (1:1) matched nonhypertension controls included in this nested case-control study were recruited from a prospective cohort study of "135." The composition of the blood microbiome was characterized using bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The relative abundance of detected bacteria was converted to a negative logarithm of 10 for the statistical analysis. RESULTS Totally, 10,689,961 high-quality sequences were acquired. The Chao1 index of the blood microbiome in nonhypertension controls was significantly higher than in hypertensive group (2,302.08 ± 752.78 vs. 1,598.21 ± 500.88, P < 0.001). Compared with the nonhypertension controls, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria phylum was significantly increased (P < 0.001), whereas the relative abundance of phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were significantly reduced in the hypertensive cases (P < 0.001 and P = 0.039, respectively). At genus level, the risk of hypertension was directly associated with the relative abundance of Acinetobacter (odds ratio [OR]: 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-2.03), Sphingomonas (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.32-2.56), and Staphylococcus (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.36-0.73), respectively. In addition, the relative abundance of Pseudomonas was minor positively correlated with the total cholesterol level. However, the relative Staphylococcus level was minor positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. CONCLUSIONS The composition of the blood microbiome is significantly associated with the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jing
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
- Department of noncommunicable disease control and prevention, Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Soochow, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of noncommunicable disease control and prevention, Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Soochow, China
| | - Honghong Lu
- Department of endocrinology, Suzhou Shili Hospital, Soochow, China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Department of noncommunicable disease control and prevention, Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Soochow, China
| | - Liangyue Zhou
- Department of noncommunicable disease control and prevention, Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Soochow, China
| | - Jingqi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
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Wang Y, Han J, Zhu J, Zhang M, Ju M, Du Y, Tian Z. GluN2A/ERK/CREB Signaling Pathway Involved in Electroacupuncture Regulating Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Hyperactivity. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:703044. [PMID: 34658758 PMCID: PMC8514998 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.703044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis caused by stress will inevitably disrupt the homeostasis of the neuroendocrine system and damage physiological functions. It has been demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) can modulate HPA axis hyperactivity during the perioperative period. As the initiating factor of the HPA axis, hypothalamic corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) is the critical molecule affected by EA. However, the mechanism by which EA reduces CRH synthesis and secretion remains unclear. Activated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has been linked to over-secretion of hypothalamic CRH induced by stress. To determine whether NMDAR is involved in EA regulating the over-expression of CRH, a surgical model of partial hepatectomy (HT) was established in our experiment. The effect of EA on hypothalamic NMDAR expression in HT mice was examined. Then, we investigated whether the extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway mediated by NMDAR was involved in EA regulating HPA axis hyperactivity. It was found that surgery enhanced the expression of hypothalamic CRH and caused HPA axis hyperactivity. Intriguingly, EA effectively suppressed the expression of CRH and decreased the activation of GluN2A (NMDAR subunit), ERK, and CREB in HT mice. GluN2A, ERK, and CREB antagonists had similar effects on normalizing the expression of CRH and HPA axis function compared with EA. Our findings suggested that surgery enhanced the activation of the hypothalamic GluN2A/ERK/CREB signaling pathway, thus promoting the synthesis and secretion of CRH. EA suppressed the phosphorylation of GluN2A, ERK, and CREB in mice that had undergone surgery, indicating that the GluN2A/ERK/CREB signaling pathway was involved in EA alleviating HPA axis hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mizhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minda Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueshan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanzhuang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Green PG, Alvarez P, Levine JD. A role for gut microbiota in early-life stress-induced widespread muscle pain in the adult rat. Mol Pain 2021; 17:17448069211022952. [PMID: 34096398 PMCID: PMC8186117 DOI: 10.1177/17448069211022952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult rats that experienced neonatal limited bedding (NLB), a form of early-life stress, experience persistent muscle mechanical hyperalgesia. Since there is a growing recognition that the gut microbiome regulates pain and nociception, and that early-life stress produces a long-lasting impact on the gut microbiome, we tested the hypothesis that persistent muscle hyperalgesia seen in adult NLB rats could be ameliorated by interventions that modify the gut microbiome. Adult NLB rats received probiotics, either Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (10 billion CFU/150 ml) or De Simone Formulation (DSF) (112.5 billion CFU/150 ml mixture of 8 bacterial species), in their drinking water, or non-absorbable antibiotics, rifaximin or neomycin, admixed with cookie dough, to provide 50 mg/kg. Mechanical nociceptive threshold in the gastrocnemius muscle was evaluated before and at several time points after administration of probiotics or antibiotics. Adult NLB rats fed probiotics L. Rhamnosus or DSF, antibiotics, as well as rats fed non-absorbable antibiotics rifaximin or neomycin, had markedly attenuated muscle mechanical hyperalgesia. We hypothesize that persistent skeletal muscle hyperalgesia produced by NLB stress may be, at least in part, due to a contribution of the gut microbiome, and that modulation of gut microbiome using probiotics or non-absorbable antibiotics, may be novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Green
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Division of Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Alvarez
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Division of Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jon D Levine
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Division of Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Jon D Levine, University of California San Francisco, Box 0440, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Ting CH, Chen CY. Gut symptoms in the depressed elderly: The interactions between emotion and gastrointestinal neuroendocrinology. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:455-456. [PMID: 33742997 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Heng Ting
- Department of Pathology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Emergency and Critical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Wang T, Gao L, Yang Z, Wang F, Guo Y, Wang B, Hua R, Shang H, Xu J. Restraint Stress in Hypertensive Rats Activates the Intestinal Macrophages and Reduces Intestinal Barrier Accompanied by Intestinal Flora Dysbiosis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1085-1110. [PMID: 33790622 PMCID: PMC8007621 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s294630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In recent years, there were numerous studies on the function of stress in HTN. However, the gut dysbiosis linked to hypertension in animal models under stress is still incompletely understood. Purpose of this study is to use multiple determination method to determine the juvenile stage intestinal bacteria, cytokines and changes in hormone levels. Methods Four groups of juvenile male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and age-matched male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were randomly selected as control and experimental groups. Rats in the two stress groups were exposed to restraint stress for 3 hours per day for 7 consecutive days. In one day three times in the method of non-invasive type tail-cuff monitoring blood pressure. The detailed mechanism was illuminated based on the intestinal change using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining and the stress-related hormone and inflammation factors were analyzed via ELISA method. The integrity of the epithelial barrier was assessed using FITC/HRP and the expression levels of proteins associated with the tight junction was detected by Western blot. The alteration of stress-related intestinal flora from ileocecal junction and distal colon were also analyzed using its 16S rDNA sequencing. Results The results indicate that acute stress rapidly increases mean arterial pressure which is positive correlation to hormone concentration, especially in SHR-stress group. Meanwhile, stress promoted the enhancement of epithelial permeability accompanied with a reduced expression of the tight junction-related protein and the macrophages (Mφ) aggregation to the lamina propria. There were remarkable significant increase of stress-related hormones and pro-inflammatory factor interleukin (IL)-6 along with a decrease in the diversity of intestinal flora and an imbalance in the F/B ratio. Conclusion Our results reveal that stress accompanied with HTN could significantly disrupt the domino effect between intestinal flora and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zejun Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexin Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Boya Wang
- Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxuan Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Shang
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
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Wu Q, Chen Y, Zhang W, Song S, Xu Z, Zhang H, Liu L, Sun J. Upregulation of Chemokines in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus in Rats with Stress-Induced Hypertension. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e926807. [PMID: 33199674 PMCID: PMC7680658 DOI: 10.12659/msm.926807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The neuroinflammation of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus has been implicated in the development of hypertension. The promoted invasion of peripheral immune cells into PVN may be attributed to the upregulation of chemokines, then exacerbating neuroinflammation. We studied the expressions of chemokines, activation of microglial cells, and inflammatory mediators in PVN of rats with stress-induced hypertension (SIH). Material/Methods SIH was induced by electrical foot shock combined with noise for 2 h twice a day, at an interval of 4 h for 14 consecutive days. At the end of the 14th day, fresh PVN tissues were collected to measure the expressions of chemokines using the RayBiotech antibody array. Results We are the first to report that the expression of CXCL7 was extremely high in PVN of control rats, and was significantly lower in SIH rats. The expressions of CCL2 and CX3CL1 in PVN of SIH rats significantly exceeded those of control rats. The numbers of CX3CR1 (receptor of CX3CL1)-immunostained cells and oxycocin-42 (OX-42, marker of microglia)-positive cells increased in PVN of the SIH rats. The stress enhanced the protein expressions of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-17 and reduced those of anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-10 in PVN. Conclusions In PVN of SIH rats, chronic stress induced neuroinflammation characterized by the activated microglia and upregulated proinflammatory cytokines. Expressions of chemokines CXCL7, CX3CL1, and CCL2 were altered. The causal link of chemokines to PVN neuroinflammation and hypertension remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wu
- Medical College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yuping Chen
- Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Department of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Siyuan Song
- Department of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Department of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Medical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Liping Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jihu Sun
- Department of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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