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Stachowiak K, Zabiszak M, Grajewski J, Teubert A, Bajek A, Jastrzab R. Thermodynamic Studies of Complexes in Cu(II)/Uridine-5'-Diphosphoglucuronic Acid System. Molecules 2024; 29:3695. [PMID: 39125099 PMCID: PMC11314288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A binary system of uridine-5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid with copper (II) ions was studied. Potentiometric studies in aqueous solutions using computer data analysis were carried out. The pH of dominance, the overall stability constants (logβ), and the equilibrium constants of the formation reaction (logKe) were determined for each complex compound formed in the studied system. Spectroscopic studies were carried out to determine the mode of coordination in the compounds studied. Cytotoxicity and metabolic activity tests of the compounds obtained showed an increase in the biological activity of the complexes tested against the free ligand. The current research may contribute to the knowledge of complex compounds of biomolecules found in the human body and may also contribute to the characterization of a group of complex compounds with potential anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Stachowiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Michal Zabiszak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Jakub Grajewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Anna Teubert
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Zygmunta Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Anna Bajek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology and Andrology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Jagiellonska 13, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Renata Jastrzab
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.S.); (M.Z.)
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2
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Lee GB, Mazli WNAB, Hao L. Multiomics Evaluation of Human iPSCs and iPSC-Derived Neurons. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3149-3160. [PMID: 38415376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated into neurons, providing living human neurons to model brain diseases. However, it is unclear how different types of molecules work together to regulate stem cell and neuron biology in healthy and disease states. In this study, we conducted integrated proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics analyses with confident identification, accurate quantification, and reproducible measurements to compare the molecular profiles of human iPSCs and iPSC-derived neurons. Proteins, lipids, and metabolites related to mitosis, DNA replication, pluripotency, glycosphingolipids, and energy metabolism were highly enriched in iPSCs, whereas synaptic proteins, neurotransmitters, polyunsaturated fatty acids, cardiolipins, and axon guidance pathways were highly enriched in neurons. Mutations in the GRN gene lead to the deficiency of the progranulin (PGRN) protein, which has been associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. Using this multiomics platform, we evaluated the impact of PGRN deficiency on iPSCs and neurons at the whole-cell level. Proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics analyses implicated PGRN's roles in neuroinflammation, purine metabolism, and neurite outgrowth, revealing commonly altered pathways related to neuron projection, synaptic dysfunction, and brain metabolism. Multiomics data sets also pointed toward the same hypothesis that neurons seem to be more susceptible to PGRN loss compared to iPSCs, consistent with the neurological symptoms and cognitive impairment from patients carrying inherited GRN mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Bin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Wan Nur Atiqah Binti Mazli
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Ling Hao
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
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3
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Strefeler A, Blanco-Fernandez J, Jourdain AA. Nucleosides are overlooked fuels in central carbon metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:290-299. [PMID: 38423899 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
From our daily nutrition and synthesis within cells, nucleosides enter the bloodstream and circulate throughout the body and tissues. Nucleosides and nucleotides are classically viewed as precursors of nucleic acids, but recently they have emerged as a novel energy source for central carbon metabolism. Through catabolism by nucleoside phosphorylases, the ribose sugar group is released and can provide substrates for lower steps in glycolysis. In environments with limited glucose, such as at sites of infection or in the tumor microenvironment (TME), cells can use, and may even require, this alternative energy source. Here, we discuss the implications of these new findings in health and disease and speculate on the potential new roles of nucleosides and nucleic acids in energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Strefeler
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, CP51, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Joan Blanco-Fernandez
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, CP51, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Alexis A Jourdain
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, CP51, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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4
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Yang Y, Ye Y, Deng Y, Gao L. Uridine and its role in metabolic diseases, tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1360891. [PMID: 38487261 PMCID: PMC10937367 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1360891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Uridine is a pyrimidine nucleoside found in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid with a concentration higher than the other nucleosides. As a simple metabolite, uridine plays a pivotal role in various biological processes. In addition to nucleic acid synthesis, uridine is critical to glycogen synthesis through the formation of uridine diphosphate glucose in which promotes the production of UDP-GlcNAc in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and supplies UDP-GlcNAc for O-GlcNAcylation. This process can regulate protein modification and affect its function. Moreover, Uridine has an effect on body temperature and circadian rhythms, which can regulate the metabolic rate and the expression of metabolic genes. Abnormal levels of blood uridine have been found in people with diabetes and obesity, suggesting a link of uridine dysregulation and metabolic disorders. At present, the role of uridine in glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism is controversial, and the mechanism is not clear, but it shows the trend of long-term damage and short-term benefit. Therefore, maintaining uridine homeostasis is essential for maintaining basic functions and normal metabolism. This article summarizes the latest findings about the metabolic effects of uridine and the potential of uridine metabolism as therapeutic target in treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yahong Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, QuanZhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, QuanZhou, China
| | - Yingfeng Deng
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Ma X, La Y, Yang G, Dai R, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jin J, Ma X, Guo X, Chu M, Yan P, Zhang Q, Liang C. Multi-omics revealed the effects of dietary energy levels on the rumen microbiota and metabolites in yaks under house-feeding conditions. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1309535. [PMID: 38264487 PMCID: PMC10803511 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1309535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Yak (Bos grunniens) is a unique large ruminant species in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Changing the energy levels of their rations can significantly improve their growth performance. Therefore, studying the effects of dietary energy levels on the rumen microflora and metabolites of yak is crucial for enhancing the development of the yak industry. Currently, there is a lack of understanding regarding the impact of feeding energy diets on rumen fermentation parameters, microbial functions, and metabolites. This study was designed to determine the appropriate energy level for feeding yak. Three test diets with metabolizable energy levels of 7.57 MJ/kg, 9.44 MJ/kg, and 11.9 MJ/kg were used and the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in rumen fluid was measured. The microbial communities, functions, and metabolites in yaks were studied by 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenome, and LC-MS non-targeted metabolomics to investigate the relationships among rumen fermentation parameters, microbial diversity, and metabolites. Ration energy levels significantly affect total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, iso-valerate, valerate, and acetate/propionate (p < 0.05). At the phylum level, the dominant phyla in all three treatment groups were Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota. At the genus level, the abundance of the unclassified_o__Bacteroidales, norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Family _XIII_AD3011_group showed significant differences (p < 0.05) and were significantly correlated with differential metabolites screened for phosphatidylcholine [PC(16:0/0:0), PC(18:3/0:0)], uridine 3'-monophosphate, and adenosine monophosphate, etc. CAZymes family analysis showed that GHs and CEs differed significantly among the three groups. In addition, differential metabolites were mainly enriched in the pathways of lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, and the concentrations of differential metabolites were correlated with microbial abundance. In summary, this study analyzed the effects of ration energy levels on rumen microorganisms and metabolites of yaks and their relationships. The results provided a scientific basis for the selection of dietary energy for yaks in the house feeding period in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongfu La
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guowu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rongfeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juanxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Gansu Grassland Technical Extension Station, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Jin
- Gansu Grassland Technical Extension Station, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Chu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
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Salcedo-Arellano MJ, Johnson MD, McLennan YA, Hwang YH, Juarez P, McBride EL, Pantoja AP, Durbin-Johnson B, Tassone F, Hagerman RJ, Martínez-Cerdeño V. Brain Metabolomics in Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS). Cells 2023; 12:2132. [PMID: 37681866 PMCID: PMC10487256 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The course of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) remains largely unknown. Previous proteomics and metabolomics studies conducted in blood samples collected from FMR1 premutation carriers with FXTAS reported abnormalities in energy metabolism, and precursors of gluconeogenesis showed significant changes in plasma expression levels in FMR1 premutation carriers who developed FXTAS. We conducted an analysis of postmortem human brain tissues from 44 donors, 25 brains with FXTAS, and 19 matched controls. We quantified the metabolite relative abundance in the inferior temporal gyrus and the cerebellum using untargeted mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics. We investigated how the metabolite type and abundance relate to the number of cytosine-guanine-guanine (CGG) repeats, to markers of neurodegeneration, and to the symptoms of FXTAS. A metabolomic analysis identified 191 primary metabolites, the data were log-transformed and normalized prior to the analysis, and the relative abundance was compared between the groups. The changes in the relative abundance of a set of metabolites were region-specific with some overlapping results; 22 metabolites showed alterations in the inferior temporal gyrus, while 21 showed differences in the cerebellum. The relative abundance of cytidine was decreased in the inferior temporal gyrus, and a lower abundance was found in the cases with larger CGG expansions; oleamide was significantly decreased in the cerebellum. The abundance of 11 metabolites was influenced by changes in the CGG repeat number. A histological evaluation found an association between the presence of microhemorrhages in the inferior temporal gyrus and a lower abundance of 2,5-dihydroxypyrazine. Our study identified alterations in the metabolites involved in the oxidative-stress response and bioenergetics in the brains of individuals with FXTAS. Significant changes in the abundance of cytidine and oleamide suggest their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for FXTAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jimena Salcedo-Arellano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (M.D.J.); (Y.A.M.); (P.J.); (E.L.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.M.-C.)
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (F.T.); (R.J.H.); (V.M.-C.)
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine at Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (M.D.J.); (Y.A.M.); (P.J.); (E.L.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.M.-C.)
| | - Michael D. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (M.D.J.); (Y.A.M.); (P.J.); (E.L.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.M.-C.)
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine at Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (M.D.J.); (Y.A.M.); (P.J.); (E.L.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.M.-C.)
| | - Yingratana A. McLennan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (M.D.J.); (Y.A.M.); (P.J.); (E.L.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.M.-C.)
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine at Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (M.D.J.); (Y.A.M.); (P.J.); (E.L.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.M.-C.)
| | - Ye Hyun Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (Y.H.H.); (F.T.)
| | - Pablo Juarez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (M.D.J.); (Y.A.M.); (P.J.); (E.L.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.M.-C.)
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine at Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (M.D.J.); (Y.A.M.); (P.J.); (E.L.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.M.-C.)
| | - Erin Lucille McBride
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (M.D.J.); (Y.A.M.); (P.J.); (E.L.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.M.-C.)
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine at Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (M.D.J.); (Y.A.M.); (P.J.); (E.L.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.M.-C.)
| | - Adriana P. Pantoja
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (M.D.J.); (Y.A.M.); (P.J.); (E.L.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.M.-C.)
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine at Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (M.D.J.); (Y.A.M.); (P.J.); (E.L.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.M.-C.)
| | - Blythe Durbin-Johnson
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Flora Tassone
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (F.T.); (R.J.H.); (V.M.-C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (Y.H.H.); (F.T.)
| | - Randi J. Hagerman
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (F.T.); (R.J.H.); (V.M.-C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (M.D.J.); (Y.A.M.); (P.J.); (E.L.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.M.-C.)
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (F.T.); (R.J.H.); (V.M.-C.)
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine at Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.J.S.-A.); (M.D.J.); (Y.A.M.); (P.J.); (E.L.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.M.-C.)
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7
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Sohn JH, Mutlu B, Latorre-Muro P, Liang J, Bennett CF, Sharabi K, Kantorovich N, Jedrychowski M, Gygi SP, Banks AS, Puigserver P. Liver mitochondrial cristae organizing protein MIC19 promotes energy expenditure and pedestrian locomotion by altering nucleotide metabolism. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1356-1372.e5. [PMID: 37473754 PMCID: PMC10528355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Liver mitochondria undergo architectural remodeling that maintains energy homeostasis in response to feeding and fasting. However, the specific components and molecular mechanisms driving these changes and their impact on energy metabolism remain unclear. Through comparative mouse proteomics, we found that fasting induces strain-specific mitochondrial cristae formation in the liver by upregulating MIC19, a subunit of the MICOS complex. Enforced MIC19 expression in the liver promotes cristae formation, mitochondrial respiration, and fatty acid oxidation while suppressing gluconeogenesis. Mice overexpressing hepatic MIC19 show resistance to diet-induced obesity and improved glucose homeostasis. Interestingly, MIC19 overexpressing mice exhibit elevated energy expenditure and increased pedestrian locomotion. Metabolite profiling revealed that uracil accumulates in the livers of these mice due to increased uridine phosphorylase UPP2 activity. Furthermore, uracil-supplemented diet increases locomotion in wild-type mice. Thus, MIC19-induced mitochondrial cristae formation in the liver increases uracil as a signal to promote locomotion, with protective effects against diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyung Sohn
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Beste Mutlu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pedro Latorre-Muro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jiaxin Liang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christopher F Bennett
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kfir Sharabi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Noa Kantorovich
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark Jedrychowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alexander S Banks
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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8
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Sufianova GZ, Shapkin AG, Khlestkina MS, Maslov LN, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Voronkov NS, Sufianov AA. The Role of P 2Y 6 Receptors in the Mechanisms of the Neuroprotective Effect of Citicoline. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023:10.1007/s10517-023-05808-z. [PMID: 37338760 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous bioelectrical activity of the brain and the duration of gasping were recorded in mice during modeling of global strangulation ischemia of the brain against the background of preventive administration of citicoline. The maximum neuroprotective effect of citicoline was observed when it was administered 60 min before the simulation of ischemia and was completely prevented by preliminary administration of a selective P2Y6 receptor antagonist MRS2578. The obtained experimental data attest to the leading role of receptor mechanisms in the implementation of neuroprotective activity of citicoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Z Sufianova
- Department of Pharmacology, Tyumen State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
- Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
| | - A G Shapkin
- Department of Pharmacology, Tyumen State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
- Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
| | - M S Khlestkina
- Department of Pharmacology, Tyumen State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
- Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
| | - L N Maslov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A V Mukhomedzyanov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N S Voronkov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A A Sufianov
- Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
- Department of Neurosurgery, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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9
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Chen Q, Li H, Tian H, Lam SM, Liao Y, Zhang Z, Dong M, Chen S, Yao Y, Meng J, Zhang Y, Zheng L, Meng ZX, Han W, Shui G, Zhu D, Fu S. Global determination of reaction rates and lipid turnover kinetics in Mus musculus. Cell Metab 2023; 35:711-721.e4. [PMID: 37019081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism is fundamental to life, but measuring metabolic reaction rates remains challenging. Here, we applied C13 fluxomics to monitor the metabolism of dietary glucose carbon in 12 tissues, 9 brain compartments, and over 1,000 metabolite isotopologues over a 4-day period. The rates of 85 reactions surrounding central carbon metabolism are determined with elementary metabolite unit (EMU) modeling. Lactate oxidation, not glycolysis, occurs at a comparable pace with the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), supporting lactate as the primary fuel. We expand the EMU framework to track and quantify metabolite flows across tissues. Specifically, multi-organ EMU simulation of uridine metabolism shows that tissue-blood exchange, not synthesis, controls nucleotide homeostasis. In contrast, isotopologue fingerprinting and kinetic analyses reveal the brown adipose tissue (BAT) having the highest palmitate synthesis activity but no apparent contribution to circulation, suggesting a tissue-autonomous synthesis-to-burn mechanism. Together, this study demonstrates the utility of dietary fluxomics for kinetic mapping in vivo and provides a rich resource for elucidating inter-organ metabolic cross talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishan Chen
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510005, China
| | - Hu Li
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China
| | - He Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022, China
| | - Yilie Liao
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Ziyin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Manyuan Dong
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shaoru Chen
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China
| | - Yuxiao Yao
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China
| | - Jiemiao Meng
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China; The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Weiping Han
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dahai Zhu
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China; The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Suneng Fu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510005, China.
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10
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Hanssen R, Rigoux L, Albus K, Kretschmer AC, Edwin Thanarajah S, Chen W, Hinze Y, Giavalisco P, Steculorum SM, Cornely OA, Brüning JC, Tittgemeyer M. Circulating uridine dynamically and adaptively regulates food intake in humans. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100897. [PMID: 36652907 PMCID: PMC9873946 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Feeding behavior must be continuously adjusted to match energy needs. Recent discoveries in murine models identified uridine as a regulator of energy balance. Here, we explore its contribution to the complex control of food intake in humans by administering a single dose of uridine monophosphate (UMP; 0.5 or 1 g) to healthy participants in two placebo-controlled studies designed to assess food behavior (registration: DRKS00014874). We establish that endogenous circulating uridine correlates with hunger and ensuing food consumption. It also dynamically decreases upon caloric ingestion, prompting its potential role in a negative feedback loop regulating energy intake. We further demonstrate that oral UMP administration temporarily increases circulating uridine and-when within the physiological range-enhances hunger and caloric intake proportionally to participants' basal energy needs. Overall, uridine appears as a potential target to tackle dysfunctions of feeding behavior in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Hanssen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEPD), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lionel Rigoux
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Albus
- University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alina Chloé Kretschmer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEPD), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Strasse 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yvonne Hinze
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Metabolomics Core Facility, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 9B, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Metabolomics Core Facility, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 9B, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sophie M. Steculorum
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany,German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver A. Cornely
- University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Herderstr. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Köln), Gleueler Str. 269, 50935 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C. Brüning
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEPD), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Tittgemeyer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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11
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Li T, Li X, Zhang J, Yu Z, Gong F, Wang J, Tang H, Xiang J, Zhang W, Cai D. Chemical component analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine Guipi Tang and its effects on major depressive disorder at molecular level. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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12
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Cakir A, Ocalan Esmerce B, Aydin B, Koc C, Cansev M, Gulec Suyen G, Kahveci N. Effects of uridine administration on hippocampal matrix metalloproteinases and their endogenous inhibitors in REM sleep-deprived rats. Brain Res 2022; 1793:148039. [PMID: 35932811 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is associated with synaptic plasticity which is considered essential for long-term potentiation (LTP). The composition of extracellular matrix (ECM), in part, plays a role in REM sleep-associated synaptic functioning. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of uridine administration on levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors (TIMPs) in rats subjected to REM sleep deprivation (REMSD). REMSD was induced by modified multiple platform method for 96-hour. Rats were randomized to receive either saline or uridine (1 mmol/kg) intraperitoneally twice a day for four days. Rats were then decapitated and their hippocampi were dissected for analyzing the levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 by Western-blotting and the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by Gelatin zymography. REMSD resulted in reduced levels of MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-3 and activity of MMP-9 in saline-treated rats, while uridine treatment significantly enhanced their impairment. TIMP-1 was enhanced following REMSD but uridine treatment had no significant effect on TIMP-1 levels. MMP-2, TIMP-2 levels and MMP-2 activity were not affected by either REMSD or uridine administration. These data show that REMSD significantly affects ECM composition which is ameliorated by uridine administration suggesting a possible use of uridine in sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysen Cakir
- Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Busra Ocalan Esmerce
- Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Cansu Koc
- Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cansev
- Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Guldal Gulec Suyen
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Kahveci
- Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bursa, Turkey
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13
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Yeo T, Bayuangga H, Augusto-Oliveira M, Sealey M, Claridge TDW, Tanner R, Leppert D, Palace J, Kuhle J, Probert F, Anthony DC. Metabolomics detects clinically silent neuroinflammatory lesions earlier than neurofilament-light chain in a focal multiple sclerosis animal model. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:252. [PMID: 36210459 PMCID: PMC9549622 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite widespread searches, there are currently no validated biofluid markers for the detection of subclinical neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS). The dynamic nature of human metabolism in response to changes in homeostasis, as measured by metabolomics, may allow early identification of clinically silent neuroinflammation. Using the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) MS rat model, we investigated the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolomics profiles and neurofilament-light chain (NfL) levels, as a putative marker of neuroaxonal damage, arising from focal, clinically silent neuroinflammatory brain lesions and their discriminatory abilities to distinguish DTH animals from controls. Methods 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy metabolomics and NfL measurements were performed on serum and CSF at days 12, 28 and 60 after DTH lesion initiation. Supervised multivariate analyses were used to determine metabolomics differences between DTH animals and controls. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the extent of neuroinflammation and tissue damage. Results Serum and CSF metabolomics perturbations were detectable in DTH animals (vs. controls) at all time points, with the greatest change occurring at the earliest time point (day 12) when the neuroinflammatory response was most intense (mean predictive accuracy [SD]—serum: 80.6 [10.7]%, p < 0.0001; CSF: 69.3 [13.5]%, p < 0.0001). The top discriminatory metabolites at day 12 (serum: allantoin, cytidine; CSF: glutamine, glucose) were all reduced in DTH animals compared to controls, and correlated with histological markers of neuroinflammation, particularly astrogliosis (Pearson coefficient, r—allantoin: r = − 0.562, p = 0.004; glutamine: r = − 0.528, p = 0.008). Serum and CSF NfL levels did not distinguish DTH animals from controls at day 12, rather, significant differences were observed at day 28 (mean [SEM]—serum: 38.5 [4.8] vs. 17.4 [2.6] pg/mL, p = 0.002; CSF: 1312.0 [379.1] vs. 475.8 [74.7] pg/mL, p = 0.027). Neither serum nor CSF NfL levels correlated with markers of neuroinflammation; serum NfL did, however, correlate strongly with axonal loss (r = 0.641, p = 0.001), but CSF NfL did not (p = 0.137). Conclusions While NfL levels were elevated later in the pathogenesis of the DTH lesion, serum and CSF metabolomics were able to detect early, clinically silent neuroinflammation and are likely to present sensitive biomarkers for the assessment of subclinical disease activity in patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02614-8.
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14
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Zhang H, Hui X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Lu X. Angong Niuhuang Pill ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice partly by restoring gut microbiota dysbiosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1001422. [PMID: 36188565 PMCID: PMC9520595 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Angong Niuhuang Pill (ANP) is a famous traditional Chinese patent medicine and is used for treating ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke for centuries. However, the mechanism of action of ANP in stroke treatment has rarely been reported. With increasing evidence for a mechanistic link between acute ischemic stroke and gut microbiota alterations, this study aimed to determine the mechanism of action of ANP in treating acute ischemic stroke from the perspective of the gut microbiota. A mouse model of acute ischemic stroke by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established, and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and metabolomic analysis were performed on the cecal content samples collected from the sham, model, and ANP-treated MCAO mice. The results showed that ANP significantly ameliorated cerebral infarct volume, improved neurological deficits, and reduced histopathological injuries in the ipsilateral ischemic cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. The latter effects included inhibition of neuronal death, increased Nissl bodies, and decreased cell apoptosis. Moreover, ANP reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis by modulating the abundance of bacteria whose effects may mitigate MCAO damage, such as the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, the families Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae, and the genera Alloprevotella and Roseburia. Microbial metabolites related to inflammation and neuroprotection, such as prostaglandin I2 and uridine, were also regulated by ANP treatment. Uridine, guanosine, and inosine might be potential neuromodulators produced by the gut microbiota in the ANP-treated group. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that these metabolites were intimately related to certain genera, including Alloprevotella, Lachnoclostridium, Enterorhabdus, Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, and Colidextribacter. Our results demonstrated that alleviating gut microbiota dysbiosis is one of the mechanisms by which ANP protects against ischemic stroke and suggest that targeting Alloprevotella, Lachnoclostridium, Enterorhabdus, Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, and Colidextribacter might be a potential anti-stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianrui Hui
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yule Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Wang, ; Xiaoyan Lu,
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Wang, ; Xiaoyan Lu,
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15
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Liu M, Zeng M, Wang S, Cao B, Guo P, Zhang Y, Jia J, Zhang Q, Zhang B, Wang R, Li J, Zheng X, Feng W. Thymidine and 2'-deoxyuridine reduce microglial activation and improve oxidative stress damage by modulating glycolytic metabolism on the Aβ 25-35-induced brain injury. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 729:109377. [PMID: 35998686 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disease with a long duration and complicated pathogenesis. Thymidine (Thy) and 2'-deoxyuridine (2'-De) are pyrimidines nucleotides that are associated with nervous system diseases. However, it remains unclear whether Thy and 2'-De exert neuroprotective effects in AD. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the interventional effects and mechanisms of Thy and 2'-De on the Aβ25-35-induced brain injury. Donepezil (Do, 10 mg/kg/d), Thy (20 mg/kg/d), and 2'-De (20 mg/kg/d) were administered for 4 weeks after the injection of Aβ25-35 peptides (200 μM, i.c.v.) to mice. UPLC-MS/MS method was performed to quantify Thy and 2'-De in the hippocampus of mice brain. The cognition ability, neuronal and mitochondria damage, and levels of Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40, p-Tau, Na+ K+-ATPase, apoptosis, oxidative stress, immune cells, and Iba 1+ were measured in Aβ25-35-induced mice. The oxygen consumption (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) were measured using a seahorse analyzer in Aβ25-35-induced N9 cells. Moreover, 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glycolysis inhibitor, was added to explore the mechanisms underlying the effects of Thy and 2'-De on Aβ25-35-induced N9 cells. The expression of Iba 1+ and levels of CD11b+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured after treatment with Thy (5 μM) and 2'-De (10 μM) against 2-DG (5 mM) in Aβ25-35-induced N9 cells. The results suggested that Do, Thy, and 2'-De improved the cognition ability, attenuated the damage to hippocampus and mitochondria, downregulated the levels of Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40, p-Tau, Na+ K+-ATPase, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and Iba 1+, and regulated the immune response induced by Aβ25-35 against the brain injury. Furthermore, Do, Thy, and 2'-De increased ATP production and inhibited glycolysis in Aβ25-35-induced N9 cells. Moreover, 2-DG enhanced the effects of drugs, reduced microglial activation, and attenuated oxidative stress to interfere with Aβ25-35-induced N9 cells. In conclusion, Thy and 2'-De reduced microglial activation and improved oxidative stress damage by modulating glycolytic metabolism on the Aβ25-35-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mengnan Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shengchao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Bing Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Pengli Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jufang Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ru Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jinyue Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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16
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Feng K, Dai W, Liu L, Li S, Gou Y, Chen Z, Chen G, Fu X. Identification of biomarkers and the mechanisms of multiple trauma complicated with sepsis using metabolomics. Front Public Health 2022; 10:923170. [PMID: 35991069 PMCID: PMC9387941 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.923170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis after trauma increases the risk of mortality rate for patients in intensive care unit (ICUs). Currently, it is difficult to predict outcomes in individual patients with sepsis due to the complexity of causative pathogens and the lack of specific treatment. This study aimed to identify metabolomic biomarkers in patients with multiple trauma and those with multiple trauma accompanied with sepsis. Therefore, the metabolic profiles of healthy persons designated as normal controls (NC), multiple trauma patients (MT), and multiple trauma complicated with sepsis (MTS) (30 cases in each group) were analyzed with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS)-based untargeted plasma metabolomics using collected plasma samples. The differential metabolites were enriched in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, glycometabolism and nucleotide metabolism. Then, nine potential biomarkers, namely, acrylic acid, 5-amino-3-oxohexanoate, 3b-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid, cytidine, succinic acid semialdehyde, PE [P-18:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z)], sphinganine, uracil, and uridine, were found to be correlated with clinical variables and validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Finally, the three potential biomarkers succinic acid semialdehyde, uracil and uridine were validated and can be applied in the clinical diagnosis of multiple traumas complicated with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Feng
- Department of Emergency, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenjie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shengming Li
- Department of Emergency, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yi Gou
- Department of Emergency, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Department of Emergency, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Chen
| | - Xufeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Xufeng Fu
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17
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Nijat D, Xu L, Kuang Y, Yu R, Zhang Y, Hasan A, Su H, Qiao X, Yang Y, Ye M. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study to elucidate the cardiovascular protective constituents in Danhong Injection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114953. [PMID: 35901531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Danhong Injection (DHI) is one of the most popular Chinese medicine formulations to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, the effective components of DHI have not been well addressed. In the present study, a pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) approach was employed to elucidate the effective compounds of DHI for the first time. Firstly, the cardiovascular protective effect of DHI was demonstrated on an adrenaline-induced acute blood stasis rat model by echocardiography and histopathology. Secondly, the levels of four blood stasis-related cytokines in plasma were examined by ELISA. Thirdly, the plasma concentrations of 10 compounds in DHI were determined using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS. Finally, PK-PD profiles were established to describe the relationship between compound concentrations and cytokine levels in plasma at 0-12 h following DHI administration. The results showed that DHI attenuated cardiovascular injury and regulated IL-2, cTnT, VEGF, and VEGFR-1. Except for the endogenous metabolites cytidine and uridine, danshensu, rosmarinic acid, and salvianolic acid B exhibited the highest plasma exposure. PK-PD correlation analysis indicated that concentrations of salvianolic acid A, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid were negatively correlated with the level of cTnT, while the concentration of salvianolic acid A was negatively correlated with the level of IL-2. These compounds may contribute to the cardiovascular protective effect of DHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilaram Nijat
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lulu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Aobulikasimu Hasan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huifei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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18
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Romero-Morales AI, Robertson GL, Rastogi A, Rasmussen ML, Temuri H, McElroy GS, Chakrabarty RP, Hsu L, Almonacid PM, Millis BA, Chandel NS, Cartailler JP, Gama V. Human iPSC-derived cerebral organoids model features of Leigh syndrome and reveal abnormal corticogenesis. Development 2022; 149:275911. [PMID: 35792828 PMCID: PMC9357378 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Leigh syndrome (LS) is a rare, inherited neurometabolic disorder that presents with bilateral brain lesions caused by defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and associated nuclear-encoded proteins. We generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from three LS patient-derived fibroblast lines. Using whole-exome and mitochondrial sequencing, we identified unreported mutations in pyruvate dehydrogenase (GM0372, PDH; GM13411, MT-ATP6/PDH) and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (GM01503, DLD). These LS patient-derived iPSC lines were viable and capable of differentiating into progenitor populations, but we identified several abnormalities in three-dimensional differentiation models of brain development. LS patient-derived cerebral organoids showed defects in neural epithelial bud generation, size and cortical architecture at 100 days. The double mutant MT-ATP6/PDH line produced organoid neural precursor cells with abnormal mitochondrial morphology, characterized by fragmentation and disorganization, and showed an increased generation of astrocytes. These studies aim to provide a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of available patient-derived cell lines that can be used to study Leigh syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriella L. Robertson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anuj Rastogi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Megan L. Rasmussen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hoor Temuri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gregory Scott McElroy
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ram Prosad Chakrabarty
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lawrence Hsu
- Creative Data Solutions, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Bryan A. Millis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center,Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Cartailler
- Creative Data Solutions, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Creative Data Solutions, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Vanderbilt Brain Institute,Vanderbilt University,Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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19
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Jasper L, Scarcia P, Rust S, Reunert J, Palmieri F, Marquardt T. Uridine Treatment of the First Known Case of SLC25A36 Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189929. [PMID: 34576089 PMCID: PMC8470663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC25A36 is a pyrimidine nucleotide carrier playing an important role in maintaining mitochondrial biogenesis. Deficiencies in SLC25A36 in mouse embryonic stem cells have been associated with mtDNA depletion as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. In human beings, diseases triggered by SLC25A36 mutations have not been described yet. We report the first known case of SLC25A36 deficiency in a 12-year-old patient with hypothyroidism, hyperinsulinism, hyperammonemia, chronical obstipation, short stature, along with language and general developmental delay. Whole exome analysis identified the homozygous mutation c.803dupT, p.Ser269llefs*35 in the SLC25A36 gene. Functional analysis of mutant SLC25A36 protein in proteoliposomes showed a virtually abolished transport activity. Immunoblotting results suggest that the mutant SLC25A36 protein in the patient undergoes fast degradation. Supplementation with oral uridine led to an improvement of thyroid function and obstipation, increase of growth and developmental progress. Our findings suggest an important role of SLC25A36 in hormonal regulations and oral uridine as a safe and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Jasper
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149 Münster, Germany; (L.J.); (S.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Pasquale Scarcia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Stephan Rust
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149 Münster, Germany; (L.J.); (S.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Janine Reunert
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149 Münster, Germany; (L.J.); (S.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149 Münster, Germany; (L.J.); (S.R.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (T.M.)
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20
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Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with 200,000 cancers annually, including B-cell lymphomas in immunosuppressed hosts. Hypomorphic mutations of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway enzyme cytidine 5′ triphosphate synthase 1 (CTPS1) suppress cell-mediated immunity, resulting in fulminant EBV infection and EBV+ central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas. Since CTP is a critical precursor for DNA, RNA, and phospholipid synthesis, this observation raises the question of whether the isozyme CTPS2 or cytidine salvage pathways help meet CTP demand in EBV-infected B cells. Here, we found that EBV upregulated CTPS1 and CTPS2 with distinct kinetics in newly infected B cells. While CRISPR CTPS1 knockout caused DNA damage and proliferation defects in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), which express the EBV latency III program observed in CNS lymphomas, double CTPS1/2 knockout caused stronger phenotypes. EBNA2, MYC, and noncanonical NF-κB positively regulated CTPS1 expression. CTPS1 depletion impaired EBV lytic DNA synthesis, suggesting that latent EBV may drive pathogenesis with CTPS1 deficiency. Cytidine rescued CTPS1/2 deficiency phenotypes in EBV-transformed LCLs and Burkitt B cells, highlighting CTPS1/2 as a potential therapeutic target for EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disorders. Collectively, our results suggest that CTPS1 and CTPS2 have partially redundant roles in EBV-transformed B cells and provide insights into EBV pathogenesis with CTPS1 deficiency.
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21
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Wang T, Zhu X, Yi H, Gu J, Liu S, Izenwasser S, Lemmon VP, Roy S, Hao S. Viral vector-mediated gene therapy for opioid use disorders. Exp Neurol 2021; 341:113710. [PMID: 33781732 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to opioids typically results in adverse consequences. Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a disease of the CNS with behavioral, psychological, neurobiological, and medical manifestations. OUD induces a variety of changes of neurotransmitters/neuropeptides in the nervous system. Existing pharmacotherapy, such as opioid maintenance therapy (OMT) is the mainstay for the treatment of OUD, however, current opioid replacement therapy is far from effective for the majority of patients. Pharmacological therapy for OUD has been challenging for many reasons including debilitating side-effects. Therefore, developing an effective, non-pharmacological approach would be a critical advancement in improving and expanding treatment for OUD. Viral vector mediated gene therapy provides a potential new approach for treating opioid abused patients. Gene therapy can supply targeting gene products directly linked to the mechanisms of OUD to restore neurotransmitter and/or neuropeptides imbalance, and avoid the off-target effects of systemic administration of drugs. The most commonly used viral vectors in rodent studies of treatment of opioid-used disorder are based on recombinant adenovirus (AV), adeno-associated virus (AAV), lentiviral (LV) vectors, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors. In this review, we will focus on the recent progress of viral vector mediated gene therapy in OUD, especially morphine tolerance and withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine & Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine & Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Hyun Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine & Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine & Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Shue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine & Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Sari Izenwasser
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Sabita Roy
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Shuanglin Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine & Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America.
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22
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Yadav SK, Ir R, Jeewon R, Doble M, Hyde KD, Kaliappan I, Jeyaraman R, Reddi RN, Krishnan J, Li M, Durairajan SSK. A Mechanistic Review on Medicinal Mushrooms-Derived Bioactive Compounds: Potential Mycotherapy Candidates for Alleviating Neurological Disorders. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:1161-1175. [PMID: 32663897 DOI: 10.1055/a-1177-4834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases are highly debilitating and pose the greatest threats to public health. Diseases of the nervous system are caused by a particular pathological process that negatively affects the central and peripheral nervous systems. These diseases also lead to the loss of neuronal cell function, which causes alterations in the nervous system structure, resulting in the degeneration or death of nerve cells throughout the body. This causes problems with movement (ataxia) and mental dysfunction (dementia), both of which are commonly observed symptoms in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Medicinal mushrooms are higher fungi with nutraceutical properties and are low in calories and fat. They are also a rich source of nutrients and bioactive compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, and vitamins that have been used in the treatment of many ailments. Medicinal mushrooms such as Pleurotus giganteus, Ganoderma lucidium, and Hericium erinaceus are commonly produced worldwide for use as health supplements and medicine. Medicinal mushrooms and their extracts have a large number of bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharide β-glucan, or polysaccharide-protein complexes, like lectins, lactones, terpenoids, alkaloids, antibiotics, and metal-chelating agents. This review will focus on the role of the medicinal properties of different medicinal mushrooms that contain bioactive compounds with a protective effect against neuronal dysfunction. This information will facilitate the development of drugs against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar Yadav
- Division of Mycobiology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, India
| | - Reshma Ir
- Division of Mycobiology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, India
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Kevin D Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Ilango Kaliappan
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Ravindrian Jeyaraman
- Corrosion and Materials Protection Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, India
| | - Rambabu N Reddi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jayalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, India
| | - Min Li
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan
- Division of Mycobiology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, India
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23
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Rymen D, Lindhout M, Spanou M, Ashrafzadeh F, Benkel I, Betzler C, Coubes C, Hartmann H, Kaplan JD, Ballhausen D, Koch J, Lotte J, Mohammadi MH, Rohrbach M, Dinopoulos A, Wermuth M, Willis D, Brugger K, Wevers RA, Boltshauser E, Bierau J, Mayr JA, Wortmann SB. Expanding the clinical and genetic spectrum of CAD deficiency: an epileptic encephalopathy treatable with uridine supplementation. Genet Med 2020; 22:1589-1597. [PMID: 32820246 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Biallelic CAD variants underlie CAD deficiency (or early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-50, [EIEE-50]), an error of pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis amenable to treatment via the uridine salvage pathway. We further define the genotype and phenotype with a focus on treatment. METHODS Retrospective case series of 20 patients. RESULTS Our study confirms CAD deficiency as a progressive EIEE with recurrent status epilepticus, loss of skills, and dyserythropoietic anemia. We further refine the phenotype by reporting a movement disorder as a frequent feature, and add that milder courses with isolated developmental delay/intellectual disability can occur as well as onset with neonatal seizures. With no biomarker available, the diagnosis relies on genetic testing and functional validation in patient-derived fibroblasts. Underlying pathogenic variants are often rated as variants of unknown significance, which could lead to underrecognition of this treatable disorder. Supplementation with uridine, uridine monophosphate, or uridine triacetate in ten patients was safe and led to significant clinical improvement in most patients. CONCLUSION We advise a trial with uridine (monophosphate) in all patients with developmental delay/intellectual disability, epilepsy, and anemia; all patients with status epilepticus; and all patients with neonatal seizures until (genetically) proven otherwise or proven unsuccessful after 6 months. CAD deficiency might represent a condition for genetic newborn screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Rymen
- Metabolic Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martijn Lindhout
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Spanou
- 3rd Paediatric Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Farah Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ira Benkel
- Klinik für Kinderneurologie und Kinderneurologisches Zentrum, EEG, Sana Kliniken Düsseldorf GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia Betzler
- Clinic for Neuropediatrics and Neurological Rehabilitation, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth, Germany.,Institute for Transition, Rehabilitation and Palliation, Paracelsus Private Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christine Coubes
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Hans Hartmann
- Clinic for Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julie D Kaplan
- Nemours A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Wilmington, Delaware, DE, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Diana Ballhausen
- Pediatric unit for metabolic diseases, Woman-Mother-Child Department, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Koch
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jan Lotte
- Clinic for Neuropediatrics and Neurological Rehabilitation, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth, Germany
| | | | - Marianne Rohrbach
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marieke Wermuth
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany
| | - Daniel Willis
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karin Brugger
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ron A Wevers
- Department Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jörgen Bierau
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria. .,Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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24
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Andjelkovic AV, Stamatovic SM, Phillips CM, Martinez-Revollar G, Keep RF. Modeling blood-brain barrier pathology in cerebrovascular disease in vitro: current and future paradigms. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:44. [PMID: 32677965 PMCID: PMC7367394 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neurovascular unit (NVU) was and still is a challenge to bridge. A highly selective, restrictive and dynamic barrier, formed at the interface of blood and brain, the BBB is a "gatekeeper" and guardian of brain homeostasis and it also acts as a "sensor" of pathological events in blood and brain. The majority of brain and cerebrovascular pathologies are associated with BBB dysfunction, where changes at the BBB can lead to or support disease development. Thus, an ultimate goal of BBB research is to develop competent and highly translational models to understand mechanisms of BBB/NVU pathology and enable discovery and development of therapeutic strategies to improve vascular health and for the efficient delivery of drugs. This review article focuses on the progress being made to model BBB injury in cerebrovascular diseases in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuska V Andjelkovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 7520 MSRB I, 1150 West Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA.
| | - Svetlana M Stamatovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 7520 MSRB I, 1150 West Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA
| | - Chelsea M Phillips
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriela Martinez-Revollar
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 7520 MSRB I, 1150 West Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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25
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Chen BY, Ghezzi C, Villegas B, Quon A, Radu CG, Witte ON, Clark PM. 18F-FAC PET Visualizes Brain-Infiltrating Leukocytes in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:757-763. [PMID: 31653711 PMCID: PMC7198381 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.229351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-infiltrating leukocytes contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) and autoimmune encephalomyelitis and likely play a role in traumatic brain injury, seizure, and stroke. Brain-infiltrating leukocytes are also primary targets for MS disease-modifying therapies. However, no method exists for noninvasively visualizing these cells in a living organism. 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-18F-fluoroarabinofuranosyl) cytosine (18F-FAC) is a PET radiotracer that measures deoxyribonucleoside salvage and accumulates preferentially in immune cells. We hypothesized that 18F-FAC PET could noninvasively image brain-infiltrating leukocytes. Methods: Healthy mice were imaged with 18F-FAC PET to quantify if this radiotracer crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse disease model with brain-infiltrating leukocytes. To determine whether 18F-FAC accumulates in brain-infiltrating leukocytes, EAE mice were analyzed with 18F-FAC PET, digital autoradiography, and immunohistochemistry, and deoxyribonucleoside salvage activity in brain-infiltrating leukocytes was analyzed ex vivo. Fingolimod-treated EAE mice were imaged with 18F-FAC PET to assess if this approach can monitor the effect of an immunomodulatory drug on brain-infiltrating leukocytes. PET scans of individuals injected with 2-chloro-2'-deoxy-2'-18F-fluoro-9-β-d-arabinofuranosyl-adenine (18F-CFA), a PET radiotracer that measures deoxyribonucleoside salvage in humans, were analyzed to evaluate whether 18F-CFA crosses the human BBB. Results:18F-FAC accumulates in the healthy mouse brain at levels similar to 18F-FAC in the blood (2.54 ± 0.2 and 3.04 ± 0.3 percentage injected dose per gram, respectively) indicating that 18F-FAC crosses the BBB. EAE mice accumulate 18F-FAC in the brain at 180% of the levels of control mice. Brain 18F-FAC accumulation localizes to periventricular regions with significant leukocyte infiltration, and deoxyribonucleoside salvage activity is present at similar levels in brain-infiltrating T and innate immune cells. These data suggest that 18F-FAC accumulates in brain-infiltrating leukocytes in this model. Fingolimod-treated EAE mice accumulate 18F-FAC in the brain at 37% lower levels than control-treated EAE mice, demonstrating that 18F-FAC PET can monitor therapeutic interventions in this mouse model. 18F-CFA accumulates in the human brain at 15% of blood levels (0.08 ± 0.01 and 0.54 ± 0.07 SUV, respectively), indicating that 18F-CFA does not cross the BBB in humans. Conclusion:18F-FAC PET can visualize brain-infiltrating leukocytes in a mouse MS model and can monitor the response of these cells to an immunomodulatory drug. Translating this strategy into humans will require exploring additional radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Ying Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chiara Ghezzi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brendon Villegas
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew Quon
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Caius G Radu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Owen N Witte
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peter M Clark
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
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TRIM21 and PHLDA3 negatively regulate the crosstalk between the PI3K/AKT pathway and PPP metabolism. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1880. [PMID: 32312982 PMCID: PMC7170963 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K/AKT signaling is known to regulate cancer metabolism, but whether metabolic feedback regulates the PI3K/AKT pathway is unclear. Here, we demonstrate the important reciprocal crosstalk between the PI3K/AKT signal and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) branching metabolic pathways. PI3K/AKT activation stabilizes G6PD, the rate-limiting enzyme of the PPP, by inhibiting the newly identified E3 ligase TIRM21 and promotes the PPP. PPP metabolites, in turn, reinforce AKT activation and further promote cancer metabolic reprogramming by blocking the expression of the AKT inhibitor PHLDA3. Knockout of TRIM21 or PHLDA3 promotes crosstalk and cell proliferation. Importantly, PTEN null human cancer cells and in vivo murine models are sensitive to anti-PPP treatments, suggesting the importance of the PPP in maintaining AKT activation even in the presence of a constitutively activated PI3K pathway. Our study suggests that blockade of this reciprocal crosstalk mechanism may have a therapeutic benefit for cancers with PTEN loss or PI3K/AKT activation.
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Sayed MM, El-Sabagh HA, Al-mahallawi AM, Abd El-Halim ES, Amin AM, AbdEl-Bary A. Enhancing Tumor Targeting Efficiency of Radiolabeled Uridine (via) Incorporation into Nanocubosomal Dispersions. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:167-176. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.2949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manal M. Sayed
- Department of Labeled Compounds, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. El-Sabagh
- Department of Labeled Compounds, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz M. Al-mahallawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - El-sayed Abd El-Halim
- Department of Labeled Compounds, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer M. Amin
- Department of Labeled Compounds, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed AbdEl-Bary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Peña-Bautista C, Flor L, López-Nogueroles M, García L, Ferrer I, Baquero M, Vento M, Cháfer-Pericás C. Plasma alterations in cholinergic and serotonergic systems in early Alzheimer Disease: Diagnosis utility. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 500:233-240. [PMID: 31678274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and it involves a high social and economic cost worldwide, and the health system still does not count with an effective treatment. This may be explained by the lack of a reliable early diagnosis and the complex physiological mechanisms involved in the disease development. In this sense, the cholinergic and serotonergic systems may be altered in the disease course. METHODS In this study, metabolites from these pathways were determined in order to develop a non-invasive and early diagnosis model, as well as to advance in the knowledge of the physiopathological mechanisms of the disease. For this, plasma samples from mild cognitive impairment due to AD patients (MCI-AD, n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 25) were analysed. RESULTS choline and tryptophan pathways were deregulated in MCI-AD. Therefore, a model based on betaine, cytidine, uridine, choline, acetylcholine, serotonin and tryptophan was developed, showing an AUC-ROC of 0.862, and sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 72%, respectively. CONCLUSION Alterations in metabolites from these pathways are related to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, and they could be useful in AD diagnosis. Nevertheless, further research is required in order to validate this diagnosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidia Flor
- Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Lorena García
- Division of Neurology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inés Ferrer
- Division of Neurology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Baquero
- Division of Neurology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Effects of CDP-choline administration on learning and memory in REM sleep-deprived rats. Physiol Behav 2019; 213:112703. [PMID: 31654682 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytidine 5-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) administration has been shown to improve learning and memory deficits in different models of brain disorders. In this study, effects of CDP-choline on the well known negative effects of Rapid Eye Movements (REM) sleep deprivation on learning and memory were investigated. Sleep deprivation was induced by placing adult male Wistar albino rats on 6.5 cm diameter platforms individually for 96 h according to flower pot method. Learning and memory performances were evaluated using Morris Water Maze (MWM) test during the same period of time. Saline or CDP-choline (100 µmol/kg, 300 µmol/kg or 600 µmol/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to the onset of MWM experiments. On completion of behavioral tests, rats were decapitated and hippocampi were assayed for total and phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (tCaMKII and pCaMKII, respectively) and total antioxidant capacity. We observed that while REM sleep deprivation had no effect on learning, it diminished the memory function, which was associated with decreased levels of pCaMKII and total antioxidant capacity in the hippocampus. CDP-choline treatment blocked the impairment in memory function of sleep-deprived rats and, increased pCaMKII levels and total antioxidant capacity. These data suggest that CDP-choline reduces REM sleep deprivation-induced impairment in memory, at least in part, by counteracting the disturbances in biochemical and molecular biological parameters.
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30
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Synoradzki K, Grieb P. Citicoline: A Superior Form of Choline? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071569. [PMID: 31336819 PMCID: PMC6683073 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicines containing citicoline (cytidine-diphosphocholine) as an active principle have been marketed since the 1970s as nootropic and psychostimulant drugs available on prescription. Recently, the inner salt variant of this substance was pronounced a food ingredient in the major world markets. However, in the EU no nutrition or health claim has been authorized for use in commercial communications concerning its properties. Citicoline is considered a dietetic source of choline and cytidine. Cytidine does not have any health claim authorized either, but there are claims authorized for choline, concerning its contribution to normal lipid metabolism, maintenance of normal liver function, and normal homocysteine metabolism. The applicability of these claims to citicoline is discussed, leading to the conclusion that the issue is not a trivial one. Intriguing data, showing that on a molar mass basis citicoline is significantly less toxic than choline, are also analyzed. It is hypothesized that, compared to choline moiety in other dietary sources such as phosphatidylcholine, choline in citicoline is less prone to conversion to trimethylamine (TMA) and its putative atherogenic N-oxide (TMAO). Epidemiological studies have suggested that choline supplementation may improve cognitive performance, and for this application citicoline may be safer and more efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Synoradzki
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Grieb
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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31
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Krawczyk H. The stilbene derivatives, nucleosides, and nucleosides modified by stilbene derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103073. [PMID: 31234131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this short review, including 187 references, the issues of biological activity of stilbene derivatives and nucleosides and the biological and medicinal potential of fusion of these two classes are discussed. The stilbenes, especially the stilbenoids, and nucleosides are both biologically active. Hybrids formed from binding of these compounds have not yet been broadly studied. However, those that have been investigated exhibit desirable medicinal properties. The review is divided in such parts: I. Derivative of stilbene (biomedical investigations, biological activities in cells, enzymes and hazard), parts II. naturally occurred nucleoside and its derivatives: uridine, thymidine and 5-methyluridine, cytidine, adenosine, guanosine and part III. hybrid molecules- drugs and hybrid molecules- nucleoside - stilbene and its derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Krawczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
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32
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Wevers RA, Christensen M, Engelke UFH, Geuer S, Coene KLM, Kwast JT, Lund AM, Vissers LELM. Functional disruption of pyrimidine nucleoside transporter CNT1 results in a novel inborn error of metabolism with high excretion of uridine and cytidine. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:494-500. [PMID: 30847922 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetic defects in the pyrimidine nucleoside transporters of the CNT transporter family have not yet been reported. Metabolic investigations in a patient with infantile afebrile tonic-clonic seizures revealed increased urinary uridine and cytidine excretion. Segregation of this metabolic trait in the family showed the same biochemical phenotype in a healthy older brother of the index. Whole exome sequencing revealed biallelic mutations in SLC28A1 encoding the pyrimidine nucleoside transporter CNT1 in the index and his brother. Both parents and unaffected sibs showed the variant in heterozygous state. The transporter is expressed in the kidneys. Compelling evidence is available for the disrupting effect of the mutation on the transport function thus explaining the increased excretion of the pyrimidine nucleosides. The exome analysis also revealed a pathogenic mutation in PRRT2 in the index, explaining the epilepsy phenotype in infancy. At present, both the index (10 years) and his older brother are asymptomatic. Mutations in SLC28A1 cause a novel inborn error of metabolism that can be explained by the disrupted activity of the pyrimidine nucleoside transporter CNT1. This is the first report describing a defect in the family of CNT concentrative pyrimidine nucleoside transporter proteins encoded by the SLC28 gene family. In all likelihood, the epilepsy phenotype in the index is unrelated to the SLC28A1 defect, as this can be fully explained by the pathogenic PRRT2 variant. Clinical data on more patients are required to prove whether pathogenic mutations in SLC28A1 have any clinical consequences or are to be considered a benign metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Wevers
- Department Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Christensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - U F H Engelke
- Department Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S Geuer
- Department Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institut für Medizinische Diagnostik GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - K L M Coene
- Department Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J T Kwast
- Department Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A M Lund
- Department of Paediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L E L M Vissers
- Department Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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33
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MacDonald K, Krishnan A, Cervenka E, Hu G, Guadagno E, Trakadis Y. Biomarkers for major depressive and bipolar disorders using metabolomics: A systematic review. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:122-137. [PMID: 30411484 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) lack robust biomarkers useful for screening purposes in a clinical setting. A systematic review of the literature was conducted on metabolomic studies of patients with MDD or BD through the use of analytical platforms such as in vivo brain imaging, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Our search identified a total of 7,590 articles, of which 266 articles remained for full-text revision. Overall, 249 metabolites were found to be dysregulated with 122 of these metabolites being reported in two or more of the studies included. A list of biomarkers for MDD and BD established from metabolites found to be abnormal, along with the number of studies supporting each metabolite and a comparison of which biological fluids they were reported in, is provided. Metabolic pathways that may be important in the pathophysiology of MDD and BD were identified and predominantly center on glutamatergic metabolism, energy metabolism, and neurotransmission. Using online drug registries, we also illustrate how metabolomics can facilitate the discovery of novel candidate drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie MacDonald
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Ankur Krishnan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Emily Cervenka
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Grace Hu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Elena Guadagno
- McConnell Resource Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Yannis Trakadis
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.,Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec
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34
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Uridine treatment prevents REM sleep deprivation-induced learning and memory impairment. Neurosci Res 2019; 148:42-48. [PMID: 30685492 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that sleep plays an important role in cognitive functions and sleep deprivation impairs learning and memory. Uridine is the main pyrimidine nucleoside found in human blood circulation and has beneficial effects on cognitive functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of uridine administration on learning and memory impairment in sleep-deprived rats. Flower pot method was used to induce REM sleep deprivation. Uridine-treated groups received 1 mmol/kg uridine and control groups received 1 ml/kg saline (0.9% NaCl) twice a day for four days and once a day on the 5th day intraperitoneally. Learning and memory performances were measured using Morris water maze (MWM) test. We also measured the ratios of total calcium-calmodulin dependent kinase II (tCaMKII)/β-tubulin and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (pCREB)/β-tubulin, long-term potentiation (LTP) related molecules, using western blot analysis on the hippocampus. The results showed that REM sleep deprivation impaired learning and memory and also decreased the ratios of tCaMKII and pCREB. Uridine treatment enhanced learning and memory parameters in REM sleep-deprived rats. Additionally, decreases in tCaMKII and pCREB were prevented by uridine treatment. These data suggest that administration of uridine for five consecutive days prevents REM sleep deprivation-induced deficits in learning and memory associated with enhanced tCaMKII and pCREB ratios in the hippocampus.
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35
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Deficiency of perforin and hCNT1, a novel inborn error of pyrimidine metabolism, associated with a rapidly developing lethal phenotype due to multi-organ failure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1182-1191. [PMID: 30658162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pyrimidine nucleotides are essential for a vast number of cellular processes and dysregulation of pyrimidine metabolism has been associated with a variety of clinical abnormalities. Inborn errors of pyrimidine metabolism affecting enzymes in the pyrimidine de novo and degradation pathway have been identified but no patients have been described with a deficiency in proteins affecting the cellular import of ribonucleosides. In this manuscript, we report the elucidation of the genetic basis of the observed uridine-cytidineuria in a patient presenting with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, persistent lactate acidosis, severely disturbed liver enzymes and ultimately multi-organ failure. Sequence analysis of genes encoding proteins directly involved in the metabolism of uridine and cytidine showed two variants c.1528C > T (p.R510C) and c.1682G > A (p.R561Q) in SLC28A1, encoding concentrative nucleotide transporter 1 (hCNT1). Functional analysis showed that these variants affected the three-dimensional structure of hCNT1, altered glycosylation and decreased the half-life of the mutant proteins which resulted in impaired transport activity. Co-transfection of both variants, mimicking the trans disposition of c.1528C > T (p.R510C) and c.1682G > A (p.R561Q) in the patient, significantly impaired hCNT1 biological function. Whole genome sequencing identified two pathogenic variants c.50delT; p.(Leu17Argfs*34) and c.853_855del; p.(Lys285del) in the PRF1 gene, indicating that our patient was also suffering from Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis type 2. The identification of two co-existing monogenic defects might have resulted in a blended phenotype. Thus, the clinical presentation of isolated hCNT1 deficiency remains to be established.
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36
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Denihan NM, Kirwan JA, Walsh BH, Dunn WB, Broadhurst DI, Boylan GB, Murray DM. Untargeted metabolomic analysis and pathway discovery in perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:147-162. [PMID: 28840775 PMCID: PMC6311668 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17726502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating metabolic effects of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) may reveal early biomarkers of injury and new treatment targets. This study uses untargeted metabolomics to examine early metabolic alterations in a carefully defined neonatal population. Infants with perinatal asphyxia who were resuscitated at birth and recovered (PA group), those who developed HIE (HIE group) and healthy controls were all recruited at birth. Metabolomic analysis of cord blood was performed using direct infusion FT-ICR mass spectrometry. For each reproducibly detected metabolic feature, mean fold differences were calculated HIE vs. controls (ΔHIE) and PA vs. controls (ΔPA). Putative metabolite annotations were assigned and pathway analysis was performed. Twenty-nine putatively annotated metabolic features were significantly different in ΔPA after false discovery correction ( q < 0.05), with eight of these also significantly altered in ΔHIE. Altered putative metabolites included; melatonin, leucine, kynurenine and 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid which differentiated between infant groups (ΔPA and ΔHIE); and D-erythrose-phosphate, acetone, 3-oxotetradecanoic acid and methylglutarylcarnitine which differentiated across severity grades of HIE. Pathway analysis revealed ΔHIE was associated with a 50% and 75% perturbation of tryptophan and pyrimidine metabolism, respectively. We have identified perturbed metabolic pathways and potential biomarkers specific to PA and HIE, which measured at birth, may help direct treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M Denihan
- 1 Neonatal Brain Research Group, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,2 Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Brian H Walsh
- 4 Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,5 Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Warwick B Dunn
- 3 School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,6 Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David I Broadhurst
- 7 School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, Australia
| | - Geraldine B Boylan
- 1 Neonatal Brain Research Group, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,2 Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre M Murray
- 1 Neonatal Brain Research Group, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,2 Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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37
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Che X, Liu P, Wu C, Song W, An N, Yu L, Bai Y, Xing Z, Cai J, Wang X, Yang J. Potential role of the ecto-5'-nucleotidase in morphine-induced uridine release and neurobehavioral changes. Neuropharmacology 2018; 141:1-10. [PMID: 30071207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that uridine may act as an endogenous neuromodulator with a potential signaling role in the central nervous system in addition to its function in pyrimidine metabolism. We previously found that acute morphine treatment significantly increased uridine release in the dorsal striatum of mice, indicating that uridine may contribute to morphine-induced neurobehavioral changes. In the present study, we analyzed the mechanism involved in morphine-induced uridine release and the role of uridine in morphine-induced neurobehavioral changes. Uridine release in the dorsal striatum of mice was assessed by in vivo microdialysis coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after morphine treatment. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the expression of uridine-related proteins. Morphine-induced neurobehavioral changes were assessed by locomotor activity, behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference (CPP) test. The expression of NT5E, an extracellular enzyme involved in formation of nucleosides, including uridine, was specifically knocked down in the dorsal striatum of mice using adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The results indicated that both acute and chronic morphine administration significantly increased uridine release in the dorsal striatum, and this was associated with upregulation of NT5E but not other uridine-related proteins. Inhibition of NT5E with APCP or shRNA markedly inhibited morphine-induced uridine release in the dorsal striatum and related neurobehavioral changes, including hyperlocomotor activity, behavioral sensitization and CPP. Our data give a better understanding of the contribution of NT5E to morphine-induced uridine release and neurobehavioral changes, and identify NT5E as a potential target for treating morphine abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Che
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Wu Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Nina An
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Lisha Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yijun Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zheng Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jialing Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China.
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38
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Simats A, García-Berrocoso T, Ramiro L, Giralt D, Gill N, Penalba A, Bustamante A, Rosell A, Montaner J. Characterization of the rat cerebrospinal fluid proteome following acute cerebral ischemia using an aptamer-based proteomic technology. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7899. [PMID: 29784938 PMCID: PMC5962600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited accessibility to the brain has turned the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into a valuable source that may contribute to the complete understanding of the stroke pathophysiology. Here we have described the CSF proteome in the hyper-acute phase of cerebral ischemia by performing an aptamer-based proteomic assay (SOMAscan) in CSF samples collected before and 30 min after male Wistar rats had undergone a 90 min Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) or sham-surgery. Proteomic results indicated that cerebral ischemia acutely increased the CSF levels of 716 proteins, mostly overrepresented in leukocyte chemotaxis and neuronal death processes. Seven promising candidates were further evaluated in rat plasma and brain (CKB, CaMK2A, CaMK2B, CaMK2D, PDXP, AREG, CMPK). The 3 CaMK2 family-members and CMPK early decreased in the infarcted brain area and, together with AREG, co-localized with neurons. Conversely, CKB levels remained consistent after the insult and specifically matched with astrocytes. Further exploration of these candidates in human plasma revealed the potential of CKB and CMPK to diagnose stroke, while CaMK2B and CMPK resulted feasible biomarkers of functional stroke outcome. Our findings provided insights into the CSF proteome following cerebral ischemia and identified new outstanding proteins that might be further considered as potential biomarkers of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Simats
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa García-Berrocoso
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ramiro
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Giralt
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Gill
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Penalba
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Bustamante
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Rosell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Löffler M, Carrey EA, Zameitat E. New perspectives on the roles of pyrimidines in the central nervous system. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 37:290-306. [PMID: 29693489 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1453076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since 1956, when exogenous uridine and cytidine were found to be necessary for the maintenance of perfused rat brain function, the co-existence of de novo synthesis, salvage pathways and removal of pyrimidine bases in the CNS has been a controversial subject. Here, we review studies on metabolites and enzymes of pyrimidine metabolism through more than 60 years. In view of known and newly-described inherited pyrimidine and purine disorders - some with complex clinical profiles of neurological impairments - we underline the necessity to investigate how the different pathways work together in the developing brain and then sustain plasticity, regeneration and neuro-transmission in the adult CNS. Experimentally, early incorporation studies in animal brain slices and homogenates with radio-labelled nucleosides or precursors demonstrated salvage activity or de novo synthesis. Later, the nucleoside transporters and organic anionic transporters underlying uptake of metabolites and anti-pyrimidine drugs in the CNS were identified. Recently, the expression of de novo enzymes in glial cells and neurons was verified using (immuno) histochemical and in-situ-hybridization techniques. Adult brain was shown to take up or produce all pyrimidine (deoxy) ribonucleosides or, after uptake and phosphorolysis of nucleosides, to make use of ribose for different purposes, including energy. More recently, non-canonical pyrimidine bases (5mC, 5hmC) have been found most notably in brain, pointing to considerable postreplicative DNA metabolism, with the need for pyrimidine-specific enzymes. Even more perspectives are emerging, with advances in genome analysis and in the manipulation of expression from the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Löffler
- a Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg , Marburg , Germany
| | - E A Carrey
- b Institute of Child Health, University College London , GB
| | - E Zameitat
- a Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg , Marburg , Germany
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Cansev M, Turkyilmaz M, Sijben JWC, Sevinc C, Broersen LM, van Wijk N. Synaptic Membrane Synthesis in Rats Depends on Dietary Sufficiency of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Selenium: Relevance for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 59:301-311. [PMID: 28598848 PMCID: PMC5502840 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic consumption of a diet enriched with nutritional precursors of phospholipids, including uridine and the polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), was shown previously to enhance levels of brain phospholipids and synaptic proteins in rodents. Vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium may directly affect the breakdown or synthesis of membrane phospholipids. The present study investigated the necessity of antioxidants for the effectiveness of supplementation with uridine plus DHA and EPA (as fish oil) in rats. Rats were randomized to four treatment groups and received, for 6 weeks, one of four experimental diets, i.e., a diet low in antioxidants, a diet high in antioxidants, a diet low in antioxidants supplemented with DHA+EPA+uridine, or a diet high in antioxidants supplemented with DHA+EPA+uridine. On completion of dietary treatment, rats were sacrificed, and brain levels of phospholipids, synaptic proteins, and two enzymes involved in phospholipid synthesis (choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, PCYT1A, and choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase, CEPT1) were analyzed. Levels of phospholipids, the pre- and post-synaptic proteins Synapsin-1 and PSD95, and the enzymes PCYT1A and CEPT1 were significantly enhanced by combined supplementation of DHA+EPA+uridine and antioxidants and not enhanced by supplementation of DHA+EPA+uridine with insufficient antioxidant levels. Our data suggest that dietary vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium are essential for the phospholipid precursors' effects on increasing levels of membrane phospholipids and synaptic proteins, the indirect indicators of synaptogenesis. Their concomitant supply may be relevant in Alzheimer's disease patients, because the disease is characterized by synapse loss and lower plasma and brain levels of phospholipid precursors and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Cansev
- Department of Pharmacology, Uludag University Medical School, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mesut Turkyilmaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Uludag University Medical School, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - John W C Sijben
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cansu Sevinc
- Department of Pharmacology, Uludag University Medical School, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Laus M Broersen
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nick van Wijk
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Talaat HM, Ibrahim IT, Bayomy NA, Farouk N. Synthesis of 99mTc-Radiolabeled Uridine as a Potential Tumor Imaging Agent. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362218010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Goren B, Cakir A, Sevinc C, Serter Kocoglu S, Ocalan B, Oy C, Minbay Z, Kahveci N, Alkan T, Cansev M. Uridine treatment protects against neonatal brain damage and long-term cognitive deficits caused by hyperoxia. Brain Res 2017; 1676:57-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kanemitsu T, Tsurudome Y, Kusunose N, Oda M, Matsunaga N, Koyanagi S, Ohdo S. Periodic variation in bile acids controls circadian changes in uric acid via regulation of xanthine oxidase by the orphan nuclear receptor PPARα. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21397-21406. [PMID: 29101234 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.791285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XOD), also known as xanthine dehydrogenase, is a rate-limiting enzyme in purine nucleotide degradation, which produces uric acid. Uric acid concentrations in the blood and liver exhibit circadian oscillations in both humans and rodents; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that XOD expression and enzymatic activity exhibit circadian oscillations in the mouse liver. We found that the orphan nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) transcriptionally activated the mouse XOD gene and that bile acids suppressed XOD transactivation. The synthesis of bile acids is known to be under the control of the circadian clock, and we observed that the time-dependent accumulation of bile acids in hepatic cells interfered with the recruitment of the co-transcriptional activator p300 to PPARα, thereby repressing XOD expression. This time-dependent suppression of PPARα-mediated transactivation by bile acids caused an oscillation in the hepatic expression of XOD, which, in turn, led to circadian alterations in uric acid production. Finally, we also demonstrated that the anti-hyperuricemic effect of the XOD inhibitor febuxostat was enhanced by administering it at the time of day before hepatic XOD activity increased. These results suggest an underlying mechanism for the circadian alterations in uric acid production and also underscore the importance of selecting an appropriate time of day for administering XOD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Naoya Matsunaga
- From the Departments of Pharmaceutics and.,Glocal Healthcare Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- From the Departments of Pharmaceutics and.,Glocal Healthcare Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Sgarbieri VC, Pacheco MTB. Premature or pathological aging: longevity. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.19416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The main objective of this literature review was to summarize and characterize the main factors and events that may negatively influence quality of life and human longevity. The factors that act on premature aging processes are essentially the same as those of natural or healthy aging, but in a more intense and uncontrolled manner. Such factors are: 1) genetic (genome); 2) metabolic (metabolome); 3) environmental (life conditions and style, including diet). Factors 1 and 2 are more difficult to control by individuals; once depending on socioeconomic, cultural and educational conditions. Differently of environmental factors that may be totally controlled by individuals. Unfamiliarity with these factors leads to chronic and/or degenerative diseases that compromise quality of life and longevity.
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Grixti JM, O'Hagan S, Day PJ, Kell DB. Enhancing Drug Efficacy and Therapeutic Index through Cheminformatics-Based Selection of Small Molecule Binary Weapons That Improve Transporter-Mediated Targeting: A Cytotoxicity System Based on Gemcitabine. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:155. [PMID: 28396636 PMCID: PMC5366350 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of drug molecules is mainly determined by the distribution of influx and efflux transporters for which they are substrates. To enable tissue targeting, we sought to develop the idea that we might affect the transporter-mediated disposition of small-molecule drugs via the addition of a second small molecule that of itself had no inhibitory pharmacological effect but that influenced the expression of transporters for the primary drug. We refer to this as a “binary weapon” strategy. The experimental system tested the ability of a molecule that on its own had no cytotoxic effect to increase the toxicity of the nucleoside analog gemcitabine to Panc1 pancreatic cancer cells. An initial phenotypic screen of a 500-member polar drug (fragment) library yielded three “hits.” The structures of 20 of the other 2,000 members of this library suite had a Tanimoto similarity greater than 0.7 to those of the initial hits, and each was itself a hit (the cheminformatics thus providing for a massive enrichment). We chose the top six representatives for further study. They fell into three clusters whose members bore reasonable structural similarities to each other (two were in fact isomers), lending strength to the self-consistency of both our conceptual and experimental strategies. Existing literature had suggested that indole-3-carbinol might play a similar role to that of our fragments, but in our hands it was without effect; nor was it structurally similar to any of our hits. As there was no evidence that the fragments could affect toxicity directly, we looked for effects on transporter transcript levels. In our hands, only the ENT1-3 uptake and ABCC2,3,4,5, and 10 efflux transporters displayed measurable transcripts in Panc1 cultures, along with a ribonucleoside reductase RRM1 known to affect gemcitabine toxicity. Very strikingly, the addition of gemcitabine alone increased the expression of the transcript for ABCC2 (MRP2) by more than 12-fold, and that of RRM1 by more than fourfold, and each of the fragment “hits” served to reverse this. However, an inhibitor of ABCC2 was without significant effect, implying that RRM1 was possibly the more significant player. These effects were somewhat selective for Panc cells. It seems, therefore, that while the effects we measured were here mediated more by efflux than influx transporters, and potentially by other means, the binary weapon idea is hereby fully confirmed: it is indeed possible to find molecules that manipulate the expression of transporters that are involved in the bioactivity of a pharmaceutical drug. This opens up an entirely new area, that of chemical genomics-based drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Grixti
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
| | - Steve O'Hagan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; School of Chemistry, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
| | - Philip J Day
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; School of Chemistry, University of ManchesterManchester, UK; Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
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The Immunosuppressant Mycophenolic Acid Alters Nucleotide and Lipid Metabolism in an Intestinal Cell Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45088. [PMID: 28327659 PMCID: PMC5361167 DOI: 10.1038/srep45088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study objective was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the negative effects of mycophenolic acid (MPA) on human intestinal cells. Effects of MPA exposure and guanosine supplementation on nucleotide concentrations in LS180 cells were assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Proteomics analysis was carried out using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture combined with gel-based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and lipidome analysis using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Despite supplementation, depletion of guanosine nucleotides (p < 0.001 at 24 and 72 h; 5, 100, and 250 μM MPA) and upregulation of uridine and cytidine nucleotides (p < 0.001 at 24 h; 5 μM MPA) occurred after exposure to MPA. MPA significantly altered 35 proteins mainly related to nucleotide-dependent processes and lipid metabolism. Cross-reference with previous studies of MPA-associated protein changes widely corroborated these results, but showed differences that may be model- and/or method-dependent. MPA exposure increased intracellular concentrations of fatty acids, cholesterol, and phosphatidylcholine (p < 0.01 at 72 h; 100 μM MPA) which corresponded to the changes in lipid-metabolizing proteins. MPA affected intracellular nucleotide levels, nucleotide-dependent processes, expression of structural proteins, fatty acid and lipid metabolism in LS180 cells. These changes may compromise intestinal membrane integrity and contribute to gastrointestinal toxicity.
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Goren B, Cakir A, Ocalan B, Serter Kocoglu S, Alkan T, Cansev M, Kahveci N. Long-term cognitive effects of uridine treatment in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Brain Res 2017; 1659:81-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Assessment of phospholipid synthesis related biomarkers for perinatal asphyxia: a piglet study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40315. [PMID: 28071721 PMCID: PMC5223196 DOI: 10.1038/srep40315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prompt and reliable identification of infants at risk of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy secondary to perinatal asphyxia in the first critical hours is important for clinical decision-making and yet still remains a challenge. This work strives for the evaluation of a panel of metabolic biomarkers that have been associated with the hypoxic-ischemic insult in the perinatal period. Plasma and urine samples from a consolidated newborn piglet model of hypoxia and withdrawn before and at different time points after a hypoxic insult were analyzed and compared to a control group. Time-dependent metabolic biomarker profiles were studied and observed patterns were similar to those of lactate levels, which are currently considered the gold standard for assessing hypoxia. Class prediction performance could be improved by the use of a combination of the whole panel of determined metabolites in plasma as compared to lactate values. Using a multivariate model including lactate together with the studied metabolic biomarkers allowed to improve the prediction performance of duration of hypoxia time, which correlates with the degree of brain damage. The present study evidences the usefulness of choline and related metabolites for improving the early assessment of the severity of the hypoxic insult.
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Profiling and identification of new proteins involved in brain ischemia using MALDI-imaging-mass-spectrometry. J Proteomics 2017; 152:243-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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50
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Prabu S, Sivakumar K, Nayaki SK, Rajamohan R. Host-guest interaction of cytidine in β-cyclodextrin microcavity: Characterization and docking study. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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