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Subramanyan LV, Rasheed SAK, Wang L, Ghosh S, Ong MSN, Lakshmanan M, Wang M, Casey PJ. GNA13 suppresses proliferation of ER+ breast cancer cells via ERα dependent upregulation of the MYC oncogene. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:113. [PMID: 38965558 PMCID: PMC11225210 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
GNA13 (Gα13) is one of two alpha subunit members of the G12/13 family of heterotrimeric G-proteins which mediate signaling downstream of GPCRs. It is known to be essential for embryonic development and vasculogenesis and has been increasingly shown to be involved in mediating several steps of cancer progression. Recent studies found that Gα13 can function as an oncogene and contributes to progression and metastasis of multiple tumor types, including ovarian, head and neck and prostate cancers. In most cases, Gα12 and Gα13, as closely related α-subunits in the subfamily, have similar cellular roles. However, in recent years their differences in signaling and function have started to emerge. We previously identified that Gα13 drives invasion of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cells in vitro. As a highly heterogenous disease with various well-defined molecular subtypes (ER+ /Her2-, ER+ /Her2+, Her2+, TNBC) and subtype associated outcomes, the function(s) of Gα13 beyond TNBC should be explored. Here, we report the finding that low expression of GNA13 is predictive of poorer survival in breast cancer, which challenges the conventional idea of Gα12/13 being universal oncogenes in solid tumors. Consistently, we found that Gα13 suppresses the proliferation in multiple ER+ breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, ZR-75-1 and T47D). Loss of GNA13 expression drives cell proliferation, soft-agar colony formation and in vivo tumor formation in an orthotopic xenograft model. To evaluate the mechanism of Gα13 action, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis on these cell lines and found that loss of GNA13 results in the upregulation of MYC signaling pathways in ER+ breast cancer cells. Simultaneous silencing of MYC reversed the proliferative effect from the loss of GNA13, validating the role of MYC in Gα13 regulation of proliferation. Further, we found Gα13 regulates the expression of MYC, at both the transcript and protein level in an ERα dependent manner. Taken together, our study provides the first evidence for a tumor suppressive role for Gα13 in breast cancer cells and demonstrates for the first time the direct involvement of Gα13 in ER-dependent regulation of MYC signaling. With a few exceptions, elevated Gα13 levels are generally considered to be oncogenic, similar to Gα12. This study demonstrates an unexpected tumor suppressive role for Gα13 in ER+ breast cancer via regulation of MYC, suggesting that Gα13 can have subtype-dependent tumor suppressive roles in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lijin Wang
- Centre for Computational Biology and Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Centre for Computational Biology and Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Michelle Shi Ning Ong
- Biopharma Innovations and Solutions, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manikandan Lakshmanan
- Biopharma Innovations and Solutions, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Wang
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Patrick J Casey
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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A kinase inhibitor screen reveals MEK1/2 as a novel therapeutic target to antagonize IGF1R-mediated antiestrogen resistance in ERα-positive luminal breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115233. [PMID: 36041543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antiestrogen resistance of breast cancer has been related to enhanced growth factor receptor expression and activation. We have previously shown that ectopic expression and subsequent activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) or the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in MCF7 or T47D breast cancer cells results in antiestrogen resistance. In order to identify novel therapeutic targets to prevent this antiestrogen resistance, we performed kinase inhibitor screens with 273 different inhibitors in MCF7 cells overexpressing IGF1R or EGFR. Kinase inhibitors that antagonized antiestrogen resistance but are not directly involved in IGF1R or EGFR signaling were prioritized for further analyses. Various ALK (anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase) inhibitors inhibited cell proliferation in IGF1R expressing cells under normal and antiestrogen resistance conditions by preventing IGF1R activation and subsequent downstream signaling; the ALK inhibitors did not affect EGFR signaling. On the other hand, MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)1/2 inhibitors, including PD0325901, selumetinib, trametinib and TAK733, selectively antagonized IGF1R signaling-mediated antiestrogen resistance but did not affect cell proliferation under normal growth conditions. RNAseq analysis revealed that MEK inhibitors PD0325901 and selumetinib drastically altered cell cycle progression and cell migration networks under IGF1R signaling-mediated antiestrogen resistance. In a group of 219 patients with metastasized ER+ breast cancer, strong pMEK staining showed a significant correlation with no clinical benefit of first-line tamoxifen treatment. We propose a critical role for MEK activation in IGF1R signaling-mediated antiestrogen resistance and anticipate that dual-targeted therapy with a MEK inhibitor and antiestrogen could improve treatment outcome.
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Truffi M, Piccotti F, Albasini S, Tibollo V, Morasso CF, Sottotetti F, Corsi F. Preoperative Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers Are Independent Predictors of Disease Recurrence in ER+ HER2- Early Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:773078. [PMID: 34804977 PMCID: PMC8600180 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.773078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The host's immune system plays a crucial role in determining the clinical outcome of many cancers, including breast cancer. Peripheral blood neutrophils and lymphocytes counts may be surrogate markers of systemic inflammation and potentially reflect survival outcomes. The aim of the present study is to assess the role of preoperative systemic inflammatory biomarkers to predict local or distant relapse in breast cancer. In particular we investigated ER+ HER2- early breast cancer, considering its challenging risk stratification. A total of 1,763 breast cancer patients treated at tertiary referral Breast Unit were reviewed. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte (LMR) ratios were assessed from the preoperative blood counts. Multivariate analyses for 5-years locoregional recurrence-free (LRRFS), distant metastases-free (DMFS) and disease-free survivals (DFS) were performed, taking into account both blood inflammatory biomarkers and clinical-pathological variables. Low NLR and high LMR were independent predictors of longer LRRFS, DMFS and DFS, and low PLR was predictive of better LRRFS and DMFS in the study population. In 999 ER+ HER2- early breast cancers, high PLR was predictive of worse LRRFS (HR 0.42, p=0.009), while high LMR was predictive of improved LRRFS (HR 2.20, p=0.02) and DFS (HR 2.10, p=0.01). NLR was not an independent factor of 5-years survival in this patients' subset. Inflammatory blood biomarkers and current clinical assessment of the disease were not in agreement in terms of estimate of relapse risk (K-Cohen from -0.03 to 0.02). In conclusion, preoperative lymphocyte ratios, in particular PLR and LMR, showed prognostic relevance in ER+ HER2- early breast cancer. Therefore, they may be used in risk stratification and therapy escalation/de-escalation in patients with this type of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Truffi
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Lab, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Piccotti
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Lab, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Albasini
- Breast Unit, Surgery Department, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Tibollo
- Laboratory of Informatics and Systems Engineering for Clinical Research, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Francesco Morasso
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Lab, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Corsi
- Breast Unit, Surgery Department, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
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5
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Targeting Cell Cycle in Breast Cancer: CDK4/6 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186479. [PMID: 32899866 PMCID: PMC7554788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of cell cycle, via cyclin D/CDK/pRb pathway, is frequently observed in breast cancer lending support to the development of drugs targeting the cell cycle control machinery, like the inhibitors of the cycline-dependent kinases (CDK) 4 and 6. Up to now, three CDK4/6 inhibitors have been approved by FDA for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. These agents have been effective in improving the clinical outcomes, but the development of intrinsic or acquired resistance can limit the efficacy of these treatments. Clinical and translational research is now focused on investigation of the mechanism of sensitivity/resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition and novel therapeutic strategies aimed to improve clinical outcomes. This review summarizes the available knowledge regarding CDK4/6 inhibitor, the discovery of new biomarkers of response, and the biological rationale for new combination strategies of treatment.
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6
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Progression-Free Survival and Overall Survival of CDK 4/6 Inhibitors Plus Endocrine Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176400. [PMID: 32899139 PMCID: PMC7503849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) represents the most relevant advance in the management of hormone receptor (HR) positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer over the last few years. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is aimed to better characterize the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors in some relevant subgroups and to test heterogeneity between different compounds with a particular focus on their ability to improve overall survival (OS). Pooled estimates of hazard ratios (HRs) were computed for progression-free survival (PFS), OS, and objective response rate (ORR) analysis in predefined subgroups to better understand treatment effect concerning specific patients’ characteristics. To estimate the absolute benefit in terms of PFS, pooled survival curves were generated by pooling the data of all trials. A total of eight RCTs were included. Adding a CDK4/6 inhibitor to ET is beneficial in terms of PFS, irrespective of the presence or not of visceral metastases, the number of metastatic sites, and the length of the treatment-free interval (TFI). The addition of CDK4/6 inhibitors produces a significant OS improvement, both in aromatase inhibitor (AI)-sensitive (HR 0.75, 95% CI) and AI-resistant patients (HR 0.77, 95% CI [0.67–0.89]). Pooled data from each single drug show that palbociclib remains the only class member not showing a statistically significant HR for OS (HR 0.83, 95% CI [0.68–1.02]).
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7
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Demir A, Mandel NM, Paydas S, Demir G, Er Ö, Turhal NS, Bavbek S, Eralp Y, Saip PM, Güler EN, Aydıner A, Oyan Uluç B, Kılıçkap S, Üskent N, Karadurmuş N, Kaplan MA, Yanmaz MT, Demir H, Alan Ö, Korkmaz T, Olgun P, Sönmez Uysal Ö, Altundağ K, Gündüz Ş, Günaldı M, Sarı M, Beypınar İ, Başaran G. Efficacy of Palbociclib and Endocrine Treatment in Heavily Pretreated Hormone Receptor-positive/HER2-negative Advanced Breast Cancer: Retrospective Multicenter Trial. Balkan Med J 2020; 37:104-107. [PMID: 31970972 PMCID: PMC7094190 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2019.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The synthesis of CDK4/6 inhibitors with endocrine treatment in two series of treatment has been widely accepted as the standard for patients with estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. In spite of this, the activity of CDK4/6 inhibitors in patients with metastatic breast cancer who have progressed despite receiving multiple lines of treatment is not well understood. Aims: To report the activity and safety of a CDK4/6 inhibitor (palbociclib) in patients in whom at least three lines of treatment for ER+ metastatic breast cancer had failed. Study Design: Multicenter retrospective observational cohort study. Methods: In this retrospective observational cohort study, we included 43 patients who received palbociclib after at least three lines of systemic treatment for ER+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer. Results: The median progression-free survival in our population was 7 months (25th-75th percentile, 4-10), and the median overall survival was 11 months (25th-75th percentile, 6-19). Although there were some adverse events, palbociclib was generally well tolerated, so dose reduction was needed for only six patients (14%). Conclusion: The efficacy of palbociclib among heavily treated hormone receptor-positive/HER2− patients with advanced breast cancer was acceptable in terms of clinical benefit, and it was generally well tolerated among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atakan Demir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Acıbadem University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Semra Paydas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Çukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Demir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Acıbadem University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Er
- Department of Medical Oncology, Acıbadem University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Yeşim Eralp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Acıbadem University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Mualla Saip
- Department of Medical Oncology, İstanbul University Oncology Institute, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Nilüfer Güler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adnan Aydıner
- Department of Medical Oncology, İstanbul University Oncology Institute, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Başak Oyan Uluç
- Department of Medical Oncology, Acıbadem University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadettin Kılıçkap
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Necdet Üskent
- Clinic of Oncology, Anadolu Medical Center Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nuri Karadurmuş
- Clinic of Medical Oncology T.C. Ministry of Health Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Kaplan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | | | - Hacer Demir
- Department of Medical Oncology Afyon Kocatepe University School of Medicine, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Özkan Alan
- Tekirdağ State Hospital, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Taner Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Acıbadem University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Polat Olgun
- Near East University Hospital, Lefkoşa, TRNC
| | | | | | | | - Meral Günaldı
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Florya Medical Park Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - İsmail Beypınar
- Department of Medical Oncology Afyon Kocatepe University School of Medicine, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Gül Başaran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Acıbadem University, İstanbul, Turkey
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8
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Guo Z, Tada H, Kitamura N, Hamada Y, Miyashita M, Harada-Shoji N, Sato A, Hamanaka Y, Tsuboi K, Harada N, Takano-Kasuya M, Okada H, Nakano Y, Ohuchi N, Hayashi SI, Ishida T, Gonda K. Automated Quantification of Extranuclear ERα using Phosphor-integrated Dots for Predicting Endocrine Therapy Resistance in HR +/HER2 - Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040526. [PMID: 31013810 PMCID: PMC6520781 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to genomic signaling, Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is associated with cell proliferation and survival through extranuclear signaling contributing to endocrine therapy (ET) resistance. However, the relationship between extranuclear ERα and ET resistance has not been extensively studied. We sought to measure extranuclear ERα expression by immunohistochemistry using phosphor-integrated dots (IHC-PIDs) and to assess its predictive value for ET resistance. After quantitative detection of ERα by IHC-PIDs in vitro, we developed “the nearest-neighbor method” to calculate the extranuclear ERα. Furthermore, tissue sections from 65 patients with HR+/HER2- BC were examined by IHC-PIDs, and the total ERα, nuclear ERα, extranuclear ERα PIDs score, and ratio of extranuclear-to-nuclear ERα (ENR) were measured using the novel method. We demonstrate that quantification of ERα using IHC-PIDs exhibited strong correlations to real-time qRT-PCR (r2 = 0.94) and flow cytometry (r2 = 0.98). High ERα ENR was significantly associated with poor overall survival (p = 0.048) and disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis revealed that the ERα ENR was an independent prognostic factor for DFS [hazard ratio, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.4–11.8; p = 0.006]. Our automated measurement has high accuracy to localize and assess extranuclear ERα. A high ERα ENR in HR+/HER2− BC indicates decreased likelihood of benefiting from ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorong Guo
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Narufumi Kitamura
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Yoh Hamada
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Narumi Harada-Shoji
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Akiko Sato
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Yohei Hamanaka
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Kouki Tsuboi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Dynamics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Nobuhisa Harada
- Bio Systems Development Group, Bio Advanced Technology Division, Corporate R&D Headquarters, KONICA MINOLTA, INC., Hino, Tokyo 191-8511, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Takano-Kasuya
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Hisatake Okada
- Bio Systems Development Group, Bio Advanced Technology Division, Corporate R&D Headquarters, KONICA MINOLTA, INC., Hino, Tokyo 191-8511, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Nakano
- Bio Systems Development Group, Bio Advanced Technology Division, Corporate R&D Headquarters, KONICA MINOLTA, INC., Hino, Tokyo 191-8511, Japan.
| | - Noriaki Ohuchi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Hayashi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Dynamics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Kohsuke Gonda
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
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9
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He G, Di X, Yan J, Zhu C, Sun X, Zhang S. Silencing human epidermal growth factor receptor-3 radiosensitizes human luminal A breast cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3774-3782. [PMID: 30259607 PMCID: PMC6272105 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy and radiotherapy are the main treatments for luminal A breast cancer. However, drug and radiotherapy resistance could occur during long‐term treatment, leading to local recurrence and distant metastasis. Some studies have found that drug resistance might be related to human epidermal growth factor receptor‐3 (HER3) overexpression. However, whether HER3 plays a role in radiotherapy resistance is unknown. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the effect of HER3 in radiotherapy and to assess whether HER3 could be a potential target for radiosensitivity. We used retroviruses to construct stable low expression of HER3 in MCF‐7 and ZR75‐1cells. The CCK‐8 assay was used to observe proliferation. Colony‐forming assay was used to detect radiosensitivity. Flow cytometry was used to observe the cell cycle and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the number of γH2AX foci in the nucleus with or without ionizing radiation (IR). Western blot analysis was used to verify the change of relative proteins. Nude mice were used to observe tumor growth in vivo. In our study, silencing HER3 reduced cell proliferation and clone formation ability after IR, so silencing HER3 increased the sensitivity of luminal A breast cancer cells to radiotherapy. In terms of radiosensitivity mechanisms, it is suggested that the silencing of HER3 enhanced IR‐induced DNA damage, reduced DNA repair, and increased apoptosis and G2/M arrest. In addition, silencing HER3 combined with IR clearly inhibited the transplanted tumor growth in vivo. Therefore, we concluded that HER3 played a role in radiotherapy resistance. Silencing HER3 increased the radiosensitivity of luminal A breast cancer cells and HER3 could be a potential target for radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoke Di
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiqiang Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Katzenellenbogen JA, Mayne CG, Katzenellenbogen BS, Greene GL, Chandarlapaty S. Structural underpinnings of oestrogen receptor mutations in endocrine therapy resistance. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:377-388. [PMID: 29662238 PMCID: PMC6252060 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oestrogen receptor-α (ERα), a key driver of breast cancer, normally requires oestrogen for activation. Mutations that constitutively activate ERα without the need for hormone binding are frequently found in endocrine-therapy-resistant breast cancer metastases and are associated with poor patient outcomes. The location of these mutations in the ER ligand-binding domain and their impact on receptor conformation suggest that they subvert distinct mechanisms that normally maintain the low basal state of wild-type ERα in the absence of hormone. Such mutations provide opportunities to probe fundamental issues underlying ligand-mediated control of ERα activity. Instructive contrasts between these ERα mutations and those that arise in the androgen receptor (AR) during anti-androgen treatment of prostate cancer highlight differences in how activation functions in ERs and AR control receptor activity, how hormonal pressures (deprivation versus antagonism) drive the selection of phenotypically different mutants, how altered protein conformations can reduce antagonist potency and how altered ligand-receptor contacts can invert the response that a receptor has to an agonist ligand versus an antagonist ligand. A deeper understanding of how ligand regulation of receptor conformation is linked to receptor function offers a conceptual framework for developing new anti-oestrogens that might be more effective in preventing and treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher G Mayne
- Beckman Institute for Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Geoffrey L Greene
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Hoste G, Punie K, Wildiers H, Beuselinck B, Lefever I, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Han SN, Berteloot P, Concin N, Salihi R, Vergote I, Neven P. Palbociclib in highly pretreated metastatic ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 171:131-141. [PMID: 29766363 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the role of palbociclib, a first-in-class cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor, in postmenopausal women with highly pretreated endocrine therapy-resistant metastatic breast cancer (MBC). METHODS Between 28 September 2015 and 14 March 2017, a compassionate use program was established in the University Hospitals Leuven in which 82 postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative MBC were included after at least four lines of systemic treatment. The efficacy and safety analysis was performed in 82 patients who had received at least one dose of palbociclib and who had at least 6-month follow-up at the data cut-off point. The primary objective was the evaluation of efficacy of the combination of palbociclib and endocrine therapy with clinical benefit as primary endpoint, defined as the absence of progressive disease and being on treatment for at least 6 months. Secondary objectives were the evaluation of toxicity and the identification of potential predictors for clinical benefit. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 67.1 years (range 34.8-85.9) at the time of inclusion. The average duration of treatment was 5.6 months (range 1-19), with a median progression-free survival of 3.17 (95% CI 2.76-4.70) months. At the data cut-off point, 10 patients were still on treatment with palbociclib. In this highly pretreated setting, 34 patients experienced no progressive disease within 6 months, resulting in an overall clinical benefit rate (CBR) of 41.5%. 20.7% (17/82) showed stable disease for ≥ 9 months and 13.4% for ≥ 12 months. None of the investigated predicting factors were significantly associated with clinical benefit at 6 months. For 43.9% of the patients, treatment delay or dose reduction was indicated. CONCLUSIONS Palbociclib in combination with endocrine therapy shows an unexpectedly high CBR and favorable safety profile in heavily pretreated endocrine-resistant estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative MBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hoste
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - K Punie
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Wildiers
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Beuselinck
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Lefever
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S N Han
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Berteloot
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Concin
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Salihi
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Vergote
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Neven
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Luo G, Tang Z, Lao K, Li X, You Q, Xiang H. Structure-activity relationships of 2, 4-disubstituted pyrimidines as dual ERα/VEGFR-2 ligands with anti-breast cancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:783-795. [PMID: 29587221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both ERα and VEGFR-2 are important targets for cancer therapies. Here a series of 2, 4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as dual ERα/VEGFR-2 ligands. Most of the derivatives exhibited potent activities in both enzymatic and cellular assays. Structure-activity relationship studies showed that a hydrogen-bonding interaction in the head section is important factors for the enhancement of ERα-binding affinity. The most potent compound II-9OH, an analog of 2-(4-hydroxylphenyl)pyrimidine, was 19-fold more efficacious than tamoxifen in MCF-7 cancer cells and exhibited the best ERα binding affinity (IC50 = 1.64 μM) as well as excellent VEGFR-2 inhibition (IC50 = 0.085 μM). Furthermore, this dual targeted compound II-9OH exerted significantly antiestrogenic property via suppressing the expression of progesterone receptor (PgR) mRNA in MCF-7 cells and also showed obvious in vivo angiogenesis inhibitory effects in CAM assay. An induction of apoptosis and a decrease in cell migration, accompanied by transduction inhibition of Raf-1/MAPK/ERK pathway, were observed in MCF-7 cells after treatment with II-9OH, suggesting that II-9OH is a promising candidate for the development of multifunctional agents targeting ERα and VEGFR-2 in the therapy of some breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhichao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kejing Lao
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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13
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Luo G, Li X, Zhang G, Wu C, Tang Z, Liu L, You Q, Xiang H. Novel SERMs based on 3-aryl-4-aryloxy-2H-chromen-2-one skeleton - A possible way to dual ERα/VEGFR-2 ligands for treatment of breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:252-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zardavas D, Pondé N, Tryfonidis K. CDK4/6 blockade in breast cancer: current experience and future perspectives. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:1357-1372. [PMID: 29027483 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1389896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysregulated cellular proliferation, one of the hallmarks of cancer, is mediated by aberrant activation of the cell cycle machinery through the biological effects of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). The clinical development of non-selective CDK inhibitors failed due to combined lack of efficacy and excessive toxicity reported by clinical trials across different cancer types. The clinical development of second generation, CDK4/6-selective inhibitors, namely palbociclib, abemaciclib and ribociclib, led to practice-changing results in the setting of breast cancer. Areas covered: This review illustrates how CDK4/6-selective inhibitors got approval for the treatment of patients with either newly diagnosed or pretreated advanced hormone receptor positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Furthermore, data about potential predictive biomarkers, as well as preclinical and preliminary clinical evidence for potential antitumor activity of CDK4/6 inhibition in other breast cancer subtypes is provided. Expert opinion: Future clinical development of CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer will focus on the following aspects: i) optimization of treatment sequencing for patients with advanced disease, ii) early-stage disease, iii) other subtypes of breast cancer in rationally chosen therapeutic combinations and iv) the identification of predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Zardavas
- a Medical Department , Breast International Group (BIG) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Noam Pondé
- b Institut Jules Bordet , Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Konstantinos Tryfonidis
- c Medical Department , European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) , Brussels , Belgium
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15
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Colon cancer associated transcripts in human cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:531-540. [PMID: 28779711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs serve as important regulators in complicated cellular activities, including cell differentiation, proliferation and death. Dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs occurs in the formation and progression of cancers. The family of colon cancer associated transcripts, long non-coding RNAs colon cancer associated transcript-1 and colon cancer associated transcript-2 are known as oncogenes involved in various cancers. Colon cancer associated transcript-1 is a novel lncRNA located in 8q24.2, and colon cancer associated transcript-2 maps to the 8q24.21 region encompassing rs6983267. Colon cancer associated transcripts have close associations with clinical characteristics, such as lymph node metastasis, high TNM stage and short overall survival. Knockdown of them can reverse the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells, including proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Moreover, they can increase the expression level of c-MYC and oncogenic microRNAs via activating a series of complex mechanisms. In brief, the family of colon cancer associated transcripts may serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for human cancers.
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