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Čeprnja T, Tomić S, Perić Balja M, Marušić Z, Blažićević V, Spagnoli GC, Juretić A, Čapkun V, Vuger AT, Pogorelić Z, Mrklić I. Prognostic Value of "Basal-like" Morphology, Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Multi-MAGE-A Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4513. [PMID: 38674098 PMCID: PMC11050590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
"Basal-like" (BL) morphology and the expression of cancer testis antigens (CTA) in breast cancer still have unclear prognostic significance. The aim of our research was to explore correlations of the morphological characteristics and tumor microenvironment in triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBCs) with multi-MAGE-A CTA expression and to determine their prognostic significance. Clinical records of breast cancer patients who underwent surgery between January 2017 and December 2018 in four major Croatian clinical centers were analyzed. A total of 97 non-metastatic TNBCs with available tissue samples and treatment information were identified. Cancer tissue sections were additionally stained with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) Ventana (SP142) and multi-MAGE-A (mAb 57B). BL morphology was detected in 47 (49%) TNBCs and was associated with a higher Ki-67 proliferation index and histologic grade. Expression of multi-MAGE-A was observed in 77 (79%) TNBCs and was significantly associated with BL morphology. Lymphocyte-predominant breast cancer (LPBC) status was detected in 11 cases (11.3%) and significantly correlated with the Ki-67 proliferation index, increased number of intratumoral lymphocytes (itTIL), and PD-L1 expression. No impact of BL morphology, multi-MAGE-A expression, histologic type, or LPBC status on disease-free survival was observed. Our data suggest that tumor morphology could help identify patients with potential benefits from CTA-targeting immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Čeprnja
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (T.Č.); (S.T.); (I.M.)
| | - Snježana Tomić
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (T.Č.); (S.T.); (I.M.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Melita Perić Balja
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Center “Sestre Milosrdnice”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Marušić
- Department of Pathology, Zagreb University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Antonio Juretić
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Dubrava, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Vesna Čapkun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Tečić Vuger
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital “Sestre Milosrdnice”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Zenon Pogorelić
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Mrklić
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (T.Č.); (S.T.); (I.M.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Yang J, Chen M, Ye J, Ma H. Targeting PRAME for acute myeloid leukemia therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1378277. [PMID: 38596687 PMCID: PMC11002138 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in targeted therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), clinical outcomes are disappointing for elderly patients, patients with less fit disease characteristics, and patients with adverse disease risk characteristics. Over the past 10 years, adaptive T-cell immunotherapy has been recognized as a strategy for treating various malignant tumors. However, it has faced significant challenges in AML, primarily because myeloid blasts do not contain unique surface antigens. The preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME), a cancer-testis antigen, is abnormally expressed in AML and does not exist in normal hematopoietic cells. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that PRAME is a useful target for treating AML. This paper reviews the structure and function of PRAME, its effects on normal cells and AML blasts, its implications in prognosis and follow-up, and its use in antigen-specific immunotherapy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Yang
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengran Chen
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Korša L, Abramović M, Kovačević L, Milošević M, Podolski P, Prutki M, Marušić Z. PRAME expression and its prognostic significance in invasive breast carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155096. [PMID: 38219495 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma) is a carcinoma testis antigen expressed in numerous tumour types. The aim of this study was to assess PRAME expression in different surrogate subtypes of breast carcinoma and its correlation with other prognostic factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 220 cases of invasive breast carcinoma were selected and categorized according to ER, PgR, HER2 status, and Ki67 proliferation index in luminal A like, luminal B HER2+ like, luminal B HER2- negative like, HER2 positive like and triple-negative or basal-like. All cases were examined for PRAME expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS A PRAME-high profile was detected in 53 (24,1 %) of all examined breast carcinoma samples. A significantly higher expression of PRAME was detected in HER2-positive carcinomas (50 %) and TN breast carcinomas (40,54 %) compared to ER-positive (luminal-like) subtype of breast carcinomas (3,38 % luminal A and 15,38 % luminal B). Percentage of PRAME positive tumour cells showed positive correlation with tumor size, Ki67 proliferation index, HER2 status, nuclear grade, TILs and presence of metastasis, and negative correlation with ER status and disease-free survival (DFS). CONCLUSION Our study showed that HER2 positive and TN breast carcinomas more commonly express PRAME than ER positive carcinomas and that PRAME expression shows positive correlation with certain prognostic factors, however PRAME wasn't revealed as an independent prognostic factor in our study. The importance of PRAME expression in breast carcinoma lies in its potential use as an immunotherapeutic target, particularly in patients with limited therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Korša
- Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Martina Abramović
- Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Kovačević
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Milan Milošević
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational and Sports Medicine, Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Rockfellerova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paula Podolski
- Clinical Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Prutki
- Clinical Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Marušić
- Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, Zagreb, Croatia
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Chamorro DF, Somes LK, Hoyos V. Engineered Adoptive T-Cell Therapies for Breast Cancer: Current Progress, Challenges, and Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:124. [PMID: 38201551 PMCID: PMC10778447 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a significant health challenge, and novel treatment approaches are critically needed. This review presents an in-depth analysis of engineered adoptive T-cell therapies (E-ACTs), an innovative frontier in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on their application in breast cancer. We explore the evolving landscape of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and T-cell receptor (TCR) T-cell therapies, highlighting their potential and challenges in targeting breast cancer. The review addresses key obstacles such as target antigen selection, the complex breast cancer tumor microenvironment, and the persistence of engineered T-cells. We discuss the advances in overcoming these barriers, including strategies to enhance T-cell efficacy. Finally, our comprehensive analysis of the current clinical trials in this area provides insights into the future possibilities and directions of E-ACTs in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F. Chamorro
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.C.); (L.K.S.)
| | - Lauren K. Somes
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.C.); (L.K.S.)
| | - Valentina Hoyos
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.C.); (L.K.S.)
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Fujii S, Ishida M, Komura K, Nishimura K, Tsujino T, Saito T, Taniguchi Y, Murakawa T, Azuma H, Hirose Y. Expression of Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma, a Cancer/Testis Antigen, in Carcinoma In Situ of the Urinary Tract. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3636. [PMID: 38132219 PMCID: PMC10742698 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13243636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary tract comprises 1-3% of all urothelial malignancies and is often a precursor to muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC). This study aimed to examine the expression profiles of preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME), a cancer/testis antigen, and assess its diagnostic and therapeutic applications in CIS, given that its expression in UC has been minimally studied and has not yet been analyzed in CIS. We selected consecutive patients with CIS who underwent biopsy and/or transurethral tumor resection at the Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital. Immunohistochemical staining for PRAME and p53 was performed. Overall, 53 patients with CIS (6 females and 47 males) were included. Notably, PRAME expression was observed in 23 of the 53 patients (43.4%), whereas it was absent in the non-neoplastic urothelial epithelium. Furthermore, no correlation was found between PRAME expression and aberrant p53 expression. Therefore, PRAME expression may serve as a useful marker for CIS of the urinary tract. Furthermore, PRAME may be a candidate for the novel therapeutic target for standard treatment-refractory CIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Fujii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (S.F.)
| | - Mitsuaki Ishida
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (S.F.)
| | - Kazumasa Komura
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City 569-8686, Osaka, Japan
- Translational Research Program, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City 569-8686, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nishimura
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City 569-8686, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsujino
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City 569-8686, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohito Saito
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei Taniguchi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Murakawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City 569-8686, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Hirose
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (S.F.)
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Le MK, Vuong HG, Dunn IF, Kondo T. Molecular and clinicopathological implications of PRAME expression in adult glioma. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290542. [PMID: 37796789 PMCID: PMC10553321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma) is a biomarker studied in various human cancers. Little is known about the biological implications of PRAME in glioma. We aimed to perform a comprehensive analysis to explore PRAME gene expression and its biological and clinicopathological significance in gliomas. METHODS AND MATERIALS We accessed the human cancer atlas (TCGA) database to collect glioma patients (n = 668) with primary tumors and gene expression data. Single nucleotide variants, copy number variation, DNA methylation data, and other clinicopathological factors were also extracted for the analysis. RESULTS Overall, 170, 484, and 14 tumors showed no expression, low expression (FPKM≤1), and overexpression (FPKM>1) of the PRAME gene, respectively. The principal component analysis and pathway analyses showed that PRAME-positive gliomas (n = 498), which consisted of tumors with PRAME low expression and overexpression, expressed different oncogenic profiles, possessing higher activity of Hedgehog, P3IK-AKT-mTOR, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways (p<0.001). DNA methylation analysis also illustrated that PRAME-positive tumors were distributed more densely within a grade 4-related cluster (p<0.001). PRAME positivity was an independent prognostic factor for poor outcomes in a multivariate cox analysis adjusted for clinical characteristics and genetic events. Kaplan-Meier analysis stratified by revised classification showed that PRAME positivity was solely associated with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma, grade 4. Finally, PRAME-overexpressing cases (n = 14) had the worst clinical outcome compared to the PRAME-negative and PRAME-low cohorts (adjusted p<0.001) in pairwise comparisons. CONCLUSION PRAME expression statuses may dictate different biological and clinicopathological profiles in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Khang Le
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Huy Gia Vuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Ian F. Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan
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Venetis K, Sajjadi E, Peccatori FA, Guerini-Rocco E, Fusco N. Immune plasticity in pregnancy-associated breast cancer tumorigenesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2023; 32:364-369. [PMID: 37038998 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PrBC) is a rare tumor that requires complex management. The coexistence of cancer and pregnancy involves several proliferative, invasive, and immune tolerance mechanisms that are shared between the two conditions. In normal pregnancy, successful fetal development is achieved through suppression of the maternal immune response toward the fetus. Similar immunosuppressive patterns during the malignant transformation supporting tumor growth, progression, and metastasis are also exhibited by tumors. An improved understanding of the immunosuppressive mechanisms and pathways underlying the immunological synergy in PrBC could lead to the identification of novel biomarkers that potentially improve patients' clinical management. In this review article, we outline some of the paramount features of immune plasticity during pregnancy, discussing the similarities shared between normal pregnancy and breast cancer in terms of immune suppression mechanisms. Emphasis is also placed on how the current knowledge of the immune milieu of these conditions may be translated into consequent therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan
| | - Fedro A Peccatori
- Fertility and Procreation Unit, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan
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See SHC, Smith SH, Finkelman BS, LaBoy C, Novo JE, Siziopikou KP, Blanco LZ. The role of PRAME and NY-ESO-1 as potential therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers in triple-negative breast carcinomas. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154299. [PMID: 36603407 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PRAME and NY-ESO-1 are cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) reported to be highly enriched in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), against which vaccines and immunotherapies are currently being developed. This study aims to analyze PRAME and NY-ESO-1 expression in TNBCs and their correlation with clinical outcomes. This is a retrospective cohort study of TNBC patients who have undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PRAME and NY-ESO-1 expression were assessed on pre-therapy biopsies as H-scores (percentage x intensity) with final H scores of 2-3 considered as positive. Association between expression and pathologic complete response (pCR), metastasis, and residual cancer burden (RCB) were assessed via logistic regression. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association with progression-free survival. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Sixty-three percent of 76 patients were positive for PRAME. In contrast, only 5 % were positive for NY-ESO-1. PRAME positivity was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of early metastatic disease (OR = 0.24, 95 % CI 0.08-0.62; P = 0.005). However, it was not significantly associated with pCR, RCB category, or progression-free survival. NY-ESO1 score was not significantly associated with early metastatic disease, pCR, RCB category, or progression-free survival. Our results suggest that PRAME positivity may be associated with a lower risk of early metastasis in TNBCs, but not with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy or progression-free survival. The high expression of PRAME in TNBCs makes it a potential therapeutic target, while NY-ESO1 appears to be a less useful marker. However, further larger studies are needed to ascertain the utility of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlene Helene C See
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Steven H Smith
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian S Finkelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Carissa LaBoy
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jorge E Novo
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kalliopi P Siziopikou
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Luis Z Blanco
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Crump LS, Kines KT, Richer JK, Lyons TR. Breast cancers co-opt normal mechanisms of tolerance to promote immune evasion and metastasis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1475-C1495. [PMID: 36189970 PMCID: PMC9662806 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00189.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Normal developmental processes, such as those seen during embryonic development and postpartum mammary gland involution, can be reactivated by cancer cells to promote immune suppression, tumor growth, and metastatic spread. In mammalian embryos, paternal-derived antigens are at risk of being recognized as foreign by the maternal immune system. Suppression of the maternal immune response toward the fetus, which is mediated in part by the trophoblast, is critical to ensure embryonic survival and development. The postpartum mammary microenvironment also exhibits immunosuppressive mechanisms accompanying the massive cell death and tissue remodeling that occurs during mammary gland involution. These normal immunosuppressive mechanisms are paralleled during malignant transformation, where tumors can develop neoantigens that may be recognized as foreign by the immune system. To circumvent this, tumors can dedifferentiate and co-opt immune-suppressive mechanisms normally utilized during fetal tolerance and postpartum mammary involution. In this review, we discuss those similarities and how they can inform our understanding of cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey S Crump
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kelsey T Kines
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer K Richer
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Traci R Lyons
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
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Lee YJ, Kim JY, Jeon SH, Nam H, Jung JH, Jeon M, Kim ES, Bae SJ, Ahn J, Yoo TK, Sun WY, Ahn SG, Jeong J, Park SH, Park WC, Kim SI, Shin EC. CD39 + tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells with a clonal overlap across compartments mediate antitumor immunity in breast cancer. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabn8390. [PMID: 36026440 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn8390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Despite being a standard treatment option in breast cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are only efficacious for a subset of patients. To gain a better understanding of the antitumor immune response in breast cancer, we examined the heterogeneity of CD8+ T cells in tumors, metastatic lymph nodes (mLNs), and peripheral blood from patients with early breast cancer (n = 131). Among tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) cells, including virus- and tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, CD39 expression was observed in a tumor-specific and exhausted subpopulation in both tumors and mLNs. CD39+ TRM cells from tumors and mLNs exhibited a phenotypic similarity and clonally overlapped with each other. Moreover, tumor or mLN CD39+ TRM cells clonally overlapped with CD39- TRM and non-TRM cells in the same compartment, implying a tissue-specific differentiation process. These inter-subpopulationally overlapping CD39+ TRM clonotypes were frequently detected among effector memory CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood, suggesting a systemic clonal overlap. CD39+ TRM cell enrichment was heterogeneous among molecular subtypes of breast cancer, which is associated with the different role of antitumor immune responses in each subtype. In vitro blockade of PD-1 and/or CTLA-4 effectively restored proliferation of CD39+ TRM cells and enhanced cytokine production by CD8+ T cells from tumors or mLNs, particularly in the presence of CD39+ TRM enrichment. This suggests that CD39+ TRM cells have a capacity for functional restoration upon ICI treatment. Thus, our study indicates that CD39+ TRM cells with a clonal overlap across compartments are key players in antitumor immunity in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Joon Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Ye Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyuck Jeon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Nam
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Jung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Jeon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Soon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong June Bae
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Juneyoung Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 11765, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Yoo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Young Sun
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gwe Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Chan Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Čeprnja T, Mrklić I, Perić Balja M, Marušić Z, Blažićević V, Spagnoli GC, Juretić A, Čapkun V, Tečić Vuger A, Vrdoljak E, Tomić S. Prognostic Significance of Lymphocyte Infiltrate Localization in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 12:941. [PMID: 35743725 PMCID: PMC9224650 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High infiltration by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is associated with favorable prognosis in different tumor types, but the clinical significance of their spatial localization within the tumor microenvironment is debated. To address this issue, we evaluated the accumulation of intratumoral TILs (itTILs) and stromal TILs (sTILs) in samples from 97 patients with early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in the center (sTIL central) and periphery (sTIL peripheral) of tumor tissues. Moreover, the presence of primary and secondary lymphoid aggregates (LAs) and the expression levels of the cancer testis antigen (CTA), NY-ESO-1, and PD-L1 were explored. High infiltration by itTILs was observed in 12/97 samples (12.3%), unrelated to age, Ki67 expression, tumor size, histologic type and grade, and LA presence. NY-ESO-1 was expressed in tumor cells in 37 samples (38%), with a trend suggesting a correlation with itTIL infiltration (p = 0.0531). PD-L1 expression was detected in immune cells in 47 samples (49%) and was correlated with histologic grade, sTILs, and LA formation. The presence of primary LAs was significantly correlated with better disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.027). Moreover, no tumor progression was observed during >40 months of clinical follow up in the 12 patients with high itTILs or in the 14 patients with secondary LAs. Thus, careful evaluation of lymphoid infiltrate intratumoral localization might provide important prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Čeprnja
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, University Hospital Center Split, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Ivana Mrklić
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, University Hospital Center Split, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Melita Perić Balja
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Center “Sestre Milosrdnice”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Zlatko Marušić
- Department of Pathology, Zagreb University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | | | - Antonio Juretić
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Hospital “Sveti Duh”, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Vesna Čapkun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Centre Split, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Ana Tečić Vuger
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center “Sestre Milosrdnice”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Eduard Vrdoljak
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center Split, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Snježana Tomić
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, University Hospital Center Split, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.M.); (S.T.)
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12
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Haidari S, Tröltzsch M, Fliefel R, Jungbluth AA, Otto S, Fegg F, Liokatis P, Ahmadi N, Eberl M, Probst FA, Knösel T. Cancer testis antigen (PRAME) as an independent marker for survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:421-428. [PMID: 35430758 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective was to assess the expression patterns of the cancer testis antigen PRAME, NY-ESO1, and SSX2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSSC) and to correlate the expression with clinical and histopathological parameters including progression-free survival analysis. METHODS The study variables of this retrospective cohort study (n = 83) included demographic data, histopathological data, and information on progression-free survival. PRAME expression patterns were rated based on immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMA). The survival rate was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model. The primary predictor variable was defined as the expression of PRAME and the outcome variable was progression-free survival. RESULTS Analysis of progression-free survival using Kaplan-Meier method showed that patients with positive expression of PRAME had lower probabilities of progression-free survival (p < 0.001). According to the Cox regression model, the level of PRAME expression had a considerable and significant independent influence on progression-free survival (positive PRAME expression increasing the hazards for a negative outcome by 285% in our sample; HR = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.45-10.2, p = 0.007). The expression of SSX2 (n = 1) and NY-ESO-1 (n = 5) in our samples was rare. CONCLUSION PRAME is expressed in OSCC and appears to be a suitable marker of progression-free survival, correlates with severe course, and may allow identification of high-risk patients with aggressive progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selgai Haidari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Tröltzsch
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Riham Fliefel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Alexandria-University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), LMU, Planegg, Germany
| | - Achim A Jungbluth
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York City, New York, USA
| | - Sven Otto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), LMU, Planegg, Germany
| | - Florian Fegg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Paris Liokatis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Nima Ahmadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Marian Eberl
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Chair of Epidemiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Andreas Probst
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
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13
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Creemers JHA, Pawlitzky I, Grosios K, Gileadi U, Middleton MR, Gerritsen WR, Mehra N, Rivoltini L, Walters I, Figdor CG, Ottevanger PB, de Vries IJM. Assessing the safety, tolerability and efficacy of PLGA-based immunomodulatory nanoparticles in patients with advanced NY-ESO-1-positive cancers: a first-in-human phase I open-label dose-escalation study protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050725. [PMID: 34848513 PMCID: PMC8634237 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The undiminished need for more effective cancer treatments stimulates the development of novel cancer immunotherapy candidates. The archetypical cancer immunotherapy would induce robust, targeted and long-lasting immune responses while simultaneously circumventing immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment. For this purpose, we developed a novel immunomodulatory nanomedicine: PRECIOUS-01. As a PLGA-based nanocarrier, PRECIOUS-01 encapsulates a tumour antigen (NY-ESO-1) and an invariant natural killer T cell activator to target and augment specific antitumour immune responses in patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing advanced cancers. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This open-label, first-in-human, phase I dose-escalation trial investigates the safety, tolerability and immune-modulatory activity of increasing doses of PRECIOUS-01 administered intravenously in subjects with advanced NY-ESO-1-expressing solid tumours. A total of 15 subjects will receive three intravenous infusions of PRECIOUS-01 at a 3-weekly interval in three dose-finding cohorts. The trial follows a 3+3 design for the dose-escalation steps to establish a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Depending on the toxicity, the two highest dosing cohorts will be extended to delineate the immune-related parameters as a readout for pharmacodynamics. Subjects will be monitored for safety and the occurrence of dose-limiting toxicities. If the MTD is not reached in the planned dose-escalation cohorts, the RP2D will be based on the observed safety and immune-modulatory activity as a pharmacodynamic parameter supporting the RP2D. The preliminary efficacy will be evaluated as an exploratory endpoint using the best overall response rate, according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors V.1.1. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Dutch competent authority (CCMO) reviewed the trial application and the medical research ethics committee (CMO Arnhem-Nijmegen) approved the trial under registration number NL72876.000.20. The results will be disseminated via (inter)national conferences and submitted for publication to a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04751786.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen H A Creemers
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Mark R Middleton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - Niven Mehra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Licia Rivoltini
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | | | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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14
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Cancer-Testis Antigens in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Role and Potential Utility in Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153875. [PMID: 34359776 PMCID: PMC8345750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells commonly express tumour-associated antigens that can induce immune responses to eradicate the tumour. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a form of breast cancer lacking the expression of hormone receptors and cerbB2 (HER2) and tends to be more aggressive and associated with poorer prognoses due to the limited treatment options. Characterisation of biomarkers or treatment targets is thus of great significance in revealing additional therapeutic options. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are tumour-associated antigens that have garnered strong attention as potential clinical biomarkers in targeted immunotherapy due to their cancer-restricted expressions and robust immunogenicity. Previous clinical studies reported that CTAs correlated with negative hormonal status, advanced tumour behaviour and a poor prognosis in a variety of cancers. Various studies also demonstrated the oncogenic potential of CTAs in cell proliferation by inhibiting cell death and inducing metastasis. Multiple clinical trials are in progress to evaluate the role of CTAs as treatment targets in various cancers. CTAs hold great promise as potential treatment targets and biomarkers in cancer, and further research could be conducted on elucidating the mechanism of actions of CTAs in breast cancer or combination therapy with other immune modulators. In the current review, we summarise the current understandings of CTAs in TNBC, addressing the role and utility of CTAs in TNBC, as well as discussing the potential applications and advantage of incorporating CTAs in clinical practise.
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15
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Yang P, Meng M, Zhou Q. Oncogenic cancer/testis antigens are a hallmarker of cancer and a sensible target for cancer immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188558. [PMID: 33933558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that numerous cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are uniquely overexpressed in various types of cancer and most CTAs are oncogenic. Overexpression of oncogenic CTAs promotes carcinogenesis, cancer metastasis, and drug resistance. Oncogenic CTAs are generally associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients and are an important hallmark of cancer, making them a crucial target for cancer immunotherapy. CTAs-targeted antibodies, vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-T) have recently been used in cancer treatment and achieved promising outcomes in the preclinical and early clinical trials. However, the efficacy of current CTA-targeted therapeutics is either moderate or low in cancer therapy. CTA-targeted cancer immunotherapy is facing enormous challenges. Several critical scientific problems need to be resolved: (1) the antigen presentation function of MHC-I protein is usually deficient in cancer patients, so that very low amounts of intracellular CTA epitopes are presented to tumor cell membrane surface, leading to weak immune response and subsequent immunity to CTAs; (2) various immunosuppressive cells are rich in tumor tissues leading to diminished tumor immunity; (3) the tumor tissue microenvironment markedly reduces the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In the current review paper, the authors propose new strategies and approaches to overcome the barriers of CTAs-targeted immunotherapy and to develop novel potent immune therapeutics against cancer. Finally, we highlight that the oncogenic CTAs have high tumor specificity and immunogenicity, and are sensible targets for cancer immunotherapy. We predict that CTAs-targeted immunotherapy will bring about breakthroughs in cancer therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, PR China
| | - Mei Meng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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16
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Lezcano C, Müller AM, Frosina D, Hernandez E, Geronimo JA, Busam KJ, Jungbluth AA. Immunohistochemical Detection of Cancer-Testis Antigen PRAME. Int J Surg Pathol 2021; 29:826-835. [PMID: 33890816 DOI: 10.1177/10668969211012085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-testis (CT) antigens were identified by their ability to elicit T- or B-cell immune responses in the autologous host. They are typically expressed in a wide variety of neoplasms and in normal adult tissues are restricted to testicular germ cells. PReferentially expressed Antigen of Melanoma (PRAME) is a member of the family of nonclassical CT antigens being expressed in a few other normal tissues besides testis. Interestingly, knowledge about the protein expression of many CT antigens is still incomplete due to the limited availability of reagents for their immunohistochemical detection. Here, we tested several commercially available serological reagents and identified a monoclonal antibody suitable for the immunohistochemical detection of PRAME in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens. We also tested a wide array of normal and neoplastic tissues. PRAME protein expression in normal tissues is congruent with original molecular data being present in the testis, and at low levels in the endometrium, adrenal cortex, and adult as well as fetal ovary. In tumors, there is diffuse PRAME immunoreactivity in most metastatic melanomas, myxoid liposarcomas, and synovial sarcomas. Other neoplasms such as seminomas and carcinomas of various origins including endometrial, serous ovarian, mammary ductal, lung, and renal showed an intermediate proportion of cases and variable extent of tumor cells positive for PRAME protein expression. As seen with other CT antigens, hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma, Leydig cell tumors, mesothelioma, and leiomyosarcoma are poor expressers of PRAME.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Denise Frosina
- 5803Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Klaus J Busam
- 5803Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
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17
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Gradecki SE, Slingluff CL, Gru AA. PRAME expression in 155 cases of metastatic melanoma. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 48:479-485. [PMID: 32939793 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRAME (preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma) is a promising immunohistochemical marker in distinguishing benign from malignant primary cutaneous melanocytic lesions and lymph node deposits. We hypothesize that PRAME may also reliably identify melanoma metastases that are clinically detected in skin, lymph nodes, or small intestine. METHODS A total of 155 cases of metastatic melanoma to lymph node (N = 54) and non-lymph node (N = 101) sites were stained with an antibody against PRAME. Nuclear expression was scored in tumor cells as negative, 1% to 25% (1+), 26% to 50% (2+), 51% to 75% (3+), or 76% to 100% (4+). RESULTS PRAME expression was seen in 151/155 (97.4%) cases, with 4+ expression in 64 cases (41.3%), 3+ expression in 46 cases (29.7%), 2+ expression in 18 cases (11.6%), and 1+ expression in 23 cases (14.8%). Lymph node metastases were more likely to show lower expression as compared to metastases to other anatomic sites (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS A high level of PRAME immunoreactivity was identified in this cohort of metastatic melanoma. Lymph node metastases showed more focal or absent PRAME expression as compared to metastases to other sites. Overall, PRAME is a useful tool for confirming the diagnosis of melanoma in a metastatic setting, in both nodal and visceral deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gradecki
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alejandro A Gru
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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18
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Gleeson FC, Levy MJ, Jackson RA, Murphy SJ, Halling KC, Kipp BR, Graham RP, Zhang L. Endoscopic ultrasound may be used to deliver gene expression signatures using digital mRNA detection methods to immunophenotype pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to facilitate personalized immunotherapy. Pancreatology 2020; 20:229-238. [PMID: 31831392 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Biomarkers are increasingly required to molecularly characterize pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) subgroup populations, to determine who may benefit from immune based targeted therapy. We evaluated the feasibility of gene expression signature detection and the respective landscape of specific tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), cancer/testis (CT) antigens, and immune checkpoints for possible future personalized immunotherapy eligibility. METHODS Dedicated digital mRNA oncologic immune profiling of 770 genes using a Nanostring nCounter® PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel was performed using archived endoscopic ultrasound fine needle biopsy (EUS FNB) PDAC specimens as a case series in a tertiary care setting. RESULTS The spectrum of mRNA gene expression within the tumor specimens revealed that 44.8%, 10.0% and 50.7% of evaluated genes had a ≥ 2-fold increase, a ≤ 2-fold reduction or between <2 and >2 change of mRNA expression, when compared to normal controls. The corresponding landscape of TILs, CT antigens, and immune checkpoints highlighted several possibilities that could potentially be amenable to targeted personalized immunotherapy. This includes members of the Tumor Associated Macrophage family (CD68, CXCL5, and MARCO), members of the CT antigen family (PRAME, TTK and PBK) and the "second generation" checkpoints TIM3 and BTLA. CONCLUSIONS Our study represents the ability to successfully perform digital mRNA expression profile analyses to immunophenotype PDAC EUS FNB specimens by evaluating the expression of >730 genes within the tumor immune microenvironment. This may facilitate the search for novel therapeutic targets, offering the opportunity to go beyond immune monotherapy, but perhaps to use combined immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferga C Gleeson
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Michael J Levy
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rory A Jackson
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen J Murphy
- Center of Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kevin C Halling
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin R Kipp
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Lizhi Zhang
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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19
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Xu Y, Zou R, Wang J, Wang ZW, Zhu X. The role of the cancer testis antigen PRAME in tumorigenesis and immunotherapy in human cancer. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12770. [PMID: 32022332 PMCID: PMC7106952 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME), which belongs to the cancer/testis antigen (CTA) gene family, plays a pivotal role in multiple cellular processes and immunotherapy response in human cancers. PRAME is highly expressed in different types of cancers and is involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and metastasis as well as the outcomes of patients with cancer. In this review article, we discuss the potential roles and physiological functions of PRAME in various types of cancers. Moreover, this review highlights immunotherapeutic strategies that target PRAME in human malignancies. Therefore, the modulation of PRAME might be useful for the treatment of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichi Xu
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruanmin Zou
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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20
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Expression of tumor-associated antigens in breast cancer subtypes. Breast 2019; 49:202-209. [PMID: 31869767 PMCID: PMC7375652 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are frequently overexpressed in several cancer types. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TAAs in breast cancer. Material and methods A total of 250 selected invasive breast cancers including 50 estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (Luminal B like), 50 triple-negative (TN), 50 ER-positive lobular type, 50 ER- and progesterone receptor (PgR)-positive (Luminal A like) and 50 cerbB2-positive breast cancers, were assessed for New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1), Wilms tumor antigen (WT-1) and PReferentially expressed Antigen of MElanoma (PRAME) antigen expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results A significantly higher expression of cancer testis (CT)-antigens NY-ESO-1 and WT-1 antigen was detected in TN breast cancers compared with ER-positive tumors. NY-ESO-1 overexpression (score 2 + and 3+) assessed by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies was detected in 9 (18%) TN cancers as compared to 2 (4%) ER-positive tumors (p = 0.002). WT1 over-expression (score 2 + and 3+) was confirmed in 27 (54%) TN tumor samples as compared to 6 (12%) ER-positive (p < 0.0001). PRAME over-expression (score 2 + and 3+) was detected in 8 (16%) HER2 positive tumor samples as compared to no TN and ER-positive cancers (p = 0.0021). Conclusions NY-ESO-1 and WT1 antigens are overexpressed in TN breast cancers. Because of the limited therapeutic options for this patient subgroup, CT antigen-based vaccines might prove to be useful for patients with this phenotype of breast cancer. Tumor-associated antigens are frequently overexpressed in several cancer types, being also associated with poorer patients’ survival outcomes. Our study confirmed that NY-ESO-1 and WT1 antigens are higher expressed in triple-negative than in other breast cancer subtypes. Given the limited therapeutic options for triple-negative breast cancer patients, the assessment of WT1 and NY-ESO-1 antigens expression in breast cancer tissue at surgery may allow to identify patients potentially candidate to adjuvant peptide vaccines, alone or in combination with other systemic therapies.
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Liu S, Chen H, Ge X, Gao Z, Shi Y, Yang M. MAGEA3 serves as an independent indicator for predicting the prognosis of ESCC. Panminerva Med 2019; 63:382-383. [PMID: 31355595 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.19.03685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenxiang Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China: 3 Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolin Ge
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Gao
- Molecular Imaging Center, Jiangsu Institute of Atomic Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China -
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