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Jin J, Pei G, Ji Z, Liu X, Yan T, Li W, Suo D. Transcranial focused ultrasound precise neuromodulation: a review of focal size regulation, treatment efficiency and mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1463038. [PMID: 39301015 PMCID: PMC11410768 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1463038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound is a mechanical wave that can non-invasively penetrate the skull to deep brain regions to activate neurons. Transcranial focused ultrasound neuromodulation is a promising approach, with the advantages of noninvasiveness, high-resolution, and deep penetration, which developed rapidly over the past years. However, conventional transcranial ultrasound's spatial resolution is low-precision which hinders its use in precision neuromodulation. Here we focus on methods that could increase the spatial resolution, gain modulation efficiency at the focal spot, and potential mechanisms of ultrasound neuromodulation. In this paper, we summarize strategies to enhance the precision of ultrasound stimulation, which could potentially improve the ultrasound neuromodulation technic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guangying Pei
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxiang Ji
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinze Liu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Yan
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dingjie Suo
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Shen Y, Jethe JV, Reid AP, Hehir J, Amaral MM, Ren C, Hao S, Zhou C, Fisher JAN. Label free, capillary-scale blood flow mapping in vivo reveals that low intensity focused ultrasound evokes persistent dilation in cortical microvasculature. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.08.579513. [PMID: 38370686 PMCID: PMC10871316 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.08.579513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Non-invasive, low intensity focused ultrasound (FUS) is an emerging neuromodulation technique that offers the potential for precision, personalized therapy. An increasing body of research has identified mechanosensitive ion channels that can be modulated by FUS and support acute electrical activity in neurons. However, neuromodulatory effects that persist from hours to days have also been reported. The brain's ability to provide targeted blood flow to electrically active regions involve a multitude of non-neuronal cell types and signaling pathways in the cerebral vasculature; an open question is whether persistent effects can be attributed, at least partly, to vascular mechanisms. Using a novel in vivo optical approach, we found that microvascular responses, unlike larger vessels which prior investigations have explored, exhibit persistent dilation following sonication without the use of microbubbles. This finding and approach offers a heretofore unseen aspect of the effects of FUS in vivo and indicate that concurrent changes in neurovascular function may partially underly persistent neuromodulatory effects.
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Lefaucheur JP, Moro E, Shirota Y, Ugawa Y, Grippe T, Chen R, Benninger DH, Jabbari B, Attaripour S, Hallett M, Paulus W. Clinical neurophysiology in the treatment of movement disorders: IFCN handbook chapter. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 164:57-99. [PMID: 38852434 PMCID: PMC11418354 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
In this review, different aspects of the use of clinical neurophysiology techniques for the treatment of movement disorders are addressed. First of all, these techniques can be used to guide neuromodulation techniques or to perform therapeutic neuromodulation as such. Neuromodulation includes invasive techniques based on the surgical implantation of electrodes and a pulse generator, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) or spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on the one hand, and non-invasive techniques aimed at modulating or even lesioning neural structures by transcranial application. Movement disorders are one of the main areas of indication for the various neuromodulation techniques. This review focuses on the following techniques: DBS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), low-intensity transcranial electrical stimulation, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and focused ultrasound (FUS), including high-intensity magnetic resonance-guided FUS (MRgFUS), and pulsed mode low-intensity transcranial FUS stimulation (TUS). The main clinical conditions in which neuromodulation has proven its efficacy are Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and essential tremor, mainly using DBS or MRgFUS. There is also some evidence for Tourette syndrome (DBS), Huntington's disease (DBS), cerebellar ataxia (tDCS), and axial signs (SCS) and depression (rTMS) in PD. The development of non-invasive transcranial neuromodulation techniques is limited by the short-term clinical impact of these techniques, especially rTMS, in the context of very chronic diseases. However, at-home use (tDCS) or current advances in the design of closed-loop stimulation (tACS) may open new perspectives for the application of these techniques in patients, favored by their easier use and lower rate of adverse effects compared to invasive or lesioning methods. Finally, this review summarizes the evidence for keeping the use of electromyography to optimize the identification of muscles to be treated with botulinum toxin injection, which is indicated and widely performed for the treatment of various movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur
- Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil, France; EA 4391, ENT Team, Paris-Est Créteil University, Créteil, France.
| | - Elena Moro
- Grenoble Alpes University, Division of Neurology, CHU of Grenoble, Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Grenoble, France
| | - Yuichiro Shirota
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Talyta Grippe
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Chen
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David H Benninger
- Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bahman Jabbari
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sanaz Attaripour
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Feng R, Sheng H, Lian Y. Advances in using ultrasound to regulate the nervous system. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2997-3006. [PMID: 38436788 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound is a mechanical vibration with a frequency greater than 20 kHz. Due to its high spatial resolution, good directionality, and convenient operation in neural regulation, it has recently received increasing attention from scientists. However, the mechanism by which ultrasound regulates the nervous system is still unclear. This article mainly explores the possible mechanisms of ultrasound's mechanical effects, cavitation effects, thermal effects, and the rise of sonogenetics. In addition, the essence of action potential and its relationship with ultrasound were also discussed. Traditional theory treats nerve impulses as pure electrical signals, similar to cable theory. However, this theory cannot explain the phenomenon of inductance and cell membrane bulging out during the propagation of action potential. Therefore, the flexoelectric effect of cell membrane and soliton model reveal that action potential may also be a mechanical wave. Finally, we also elaborated the therapeutic effect of ultrasound on nervous system disease such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hanqing Sheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yajun Lian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Song W, Jayaprakash N, Saleknezhad N, Puleo C, Al-Abed Y, Martin JH, Zanos S. Transspinal Focused Ultrasound Suppresses Spinal Reflexes in Healthy Rats. Neuromodulation 2024; 27:614-624. [PMID: 37530695 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2023.04.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low-intensity, focused ultrasound (FUS) is an emerging noninvasive neuromodulation approach, with improved spatial and temporal resolution and penetration depth compared to other noninvasive electrical stimulation strategies. FUS has been used to modulate circuits in the brain and the peripheral nervous system, however, its potential to modulate spinal circuits is unclear. In this study, we assessed the effect of trans-spinal FUS (tsFUS) on spinal reflexes in healthy rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS tsFUS targeting different spinal segments was delivered for 1 minute, under anesthesia. Monosynaptic H-reflex of the sciatic nerve, polysynaptic flexor reflex of the sural nerve, and withdrawal reflex tested with a hot plate were measured before, during, and after tsFUS. RESULTS tsFUS reversibly suppresses the H-reflex in a spinal segment-, acoustic pressure- and pulse-repetition frequency (PRF)-dependent manner. tsFUS with high PRF augments the degree of homosynaptic depression of the H-reflex observed with paired stimuli. It suppresses the windup of components of the flexor reflex associated with slower, C-afferent, but not faster, A- afferent fibers. Finally, it increases the latency of the withdrawal reflex. tsFUS does not elicit neuronal loss in the spinal cord. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that tsFUS reversibly suppresses spinal reflexes and suggests that tsFUS could be a safe and effective strategy for spinal cord neuromodulation in disorders associated with hyperreflexia, including spasticity after spinal cord injury and painful syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Song
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Naveen Jayaprakash
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Nafiseh Saleknezhad
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Chris Puleo
- General Electric Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - John H Martin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Discovery and Innovation, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stavros Zanos
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY.
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Bancel T, Béranger B, Daniel M, Didier M, Santin M, Rachmilevitch I, Shapira Y, Tanter M, Bardinet E, Fernandez Vidal S, Attali D, Galléa C, Dizeux A, Vidailhet M, Lehéricy S, Grabli D, Pyatigorskaya N, Karachi C, Hainque E, Aubry JF. Sustained reduction of essential tremor with low-power non-thermal transcranial focused ultrasound stimulations in humans. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:636-647. [PMID: 38734066 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique; when skull aberrations are compensated for, this technique allows, with millimetric accuracy, circumvention of the invasive surgical procedure associated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) and the limited spatial specificity of transcranial magnetic stimulation. OBJECTIVE /hypothesis: We hypothesize that MR-guided low-power TUS can induce a sustained decrease of tremor power in patients suffering from medically refractive essential tremor. METHODS The dominant hand only was targeted, and two anatomical sites were sonicated in this exploratory study: the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM) and the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT). Patients (N = 9) were equipped with MR-compatible accelerometers attached to their hands to monitor their tremor in real-time during TUS. RESULTS VIM neurostimulations followed by a low-duty cycle (5 %) DRT stimulation induced a substantial decrease in the tremor power in four patients, with a minimum of 89.9 % reduction when compared with the baseline power a few minutes after the DRT stimulation. The only patient stimulated in the VIM only and with a low duty cycle (5 %) also experienced a sustained reduction of the tremor (up to 93.4 %). Four patients (N = 4) did not respond. The temperature at target was 37.2 ± 1.4 °C compared to 36.8 ± 1.4 °C for a 3 cm away control point. CONCLUSIONS MR-guided low power TUS can induce a substantial and sustained decrease of tremor power. Follow-up studies need to be conducted to reproduce the effect and better to understand the variability of the response amongst patients. MR thermometry during neurostimulations showed no significant thermal rise, supporting a mechanical effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bancel
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Béranger
- ICM-Paris Brain Institute, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Daniel
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Didier
- ICM-Paris Brain Institute, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Santin
- ICM-Paris Brain Institute, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Mickael Tanter
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Eric Bardinet
- ICM-Paris Brain Institute, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Sara Fernandez Vidal
- ICM-Paris Brain Institute, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - David Attali
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, PSL University, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Galléa
- ICM-Paris Brain Institute, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Dizeux
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- ICM-Paris Brain Institute, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- ICM-Paris Brain Institute, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - David Grabli
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Nadya Pyatigorskaya
- ICM-Paris Brain Institute, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013, Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Carine Karachi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Hainque
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, PSL University, Paris, France.
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Qin PP, Jin M, Xia AW, Li AS, Lin TT, Liu Y, Kan RL, Zhang BB, Kranz GS. The effectiveness and safety of low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation: A systematic review of human and animal studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105501. [PMID: 38061596 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (LITUS) is a novel non-invasive neuromodulation technique. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate current evidence on the efficacy and safety of LITUS neuromodulation. Five databases were searched from inception to May 31, 2023. Randomized controlled human trials and controlled animal studies were included. The neuromodulation effects of LITUS on clinical or pre-clinical, neurophysiological, neuroimaging, histological and biochemical outcomes, and adverse events were summarized. In total, 11 human studies and 44 animal studies were identified. LITUS demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders, pain, sleep disorders and hypertension. LITUS-related changes in neuronal structure and cortical activity were found. From histological and biochemical perspectives, prominent findings included suppressing the inflammatory response and facilitating neurogenesis. No adverse effects were reported in controlled animal studies included in our review, while reversible headache, nausea, and vomiting were reported in a few human subjects. Overall, LITUS alleviates various symptoms and modulates associated brain circuits without major side effects. Future research needs to establish a solid therapeutic framework for LITUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Ping Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Minxia Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Adam Weili Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ami Sinman Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tim Tianze Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Laidi Kan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Bella Bingbing Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Georg S Kranz
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Davoudi N, Estrada H, Özbek A, Shoham S, Razansky D. Model-based correction of rapid thermal confounds in fluorescence neuroimaging of targeted perturbation. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:014413. [PMID: 38371339 PMCID: PMC10871046 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.1.014413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Significance An array of techniques for targeted neuromodulation is emerging, with high potential in brain research and therapy. Calcium imaging or other forms of functional fluorescence imaging are central solutions for monitoring cortical neural responses to targeted neuromodulation, but often are confounded by thermal effects that are inter-mixed with neural responses. Aim Here, we develop and demonstrate a method for effectively suppressing fluorescent thermal transients from calcium responses. Approach We use high precision phased-array 3 MHz focused ultrasound delivery integrated with fiberscope-based widefield fluorescence to monitor cortex-wide calcium changes. Our approach for detecting the neural activation first takes advantage of the high inter-hemispheric correlation of resting state Ca 2 + dynamics and then removes the ultrasound-induced thermal effect by subtracting its simulated spatio-temporal signature from the processed profile. Results The focused 350 μ m -sized ultrasound stimulus triggered rapid localized activation events dominated by transient thermal responses produced by ultrasound. By employing bioheat equation to model the ultrasound heat deposition, we can recover putative neural responses to ultrasound. Conclusions The developed method for canceling transient thermal fluorescence quenching could also find applications with optical stimulation techniques to monitor thermal effects and disentangle them from neural responses. This approach may help deepen our understanding of the mechanisms and macroscopic effects of ultrasound neuromodulation, further paving the way for tailoring the stimulation regimes toward specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Davoudi
- University of Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
- ETH AI Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hector Estrada
- University of Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Özbek
- University of Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shy Shoham
- NYU Langone Health, Neuroscience Institutes, Department of Ophthalmology and Tech4Health New York, United States
| | - Daniel Razansky
- University of Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland
- ETH AI Center, Zurich, Switzerland
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Guo H, Salahshoor H, Wu D, Yoo S, Sato T, Tsao DY, Shapiro MG. Effects of focused ultrasound in a "clean" mouse model of ultrasonic neuromodulation. iScience 2023; 26:108372. [PMID: 38047084 PMCID: PMC10690554 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on ultrasonic neuromodulation (UNM) in rodents have shown that focused ultrasound (FUS) can activate peripheral auditory pathways, leading to off-target and brain-wide excitation, which obscures the direct activation of the target area by FUS. To address this issue, we developed a new mouse model, the double transgenic Pou4f3+/DTR × Thy1-GCaMP6s, which allows for inducible deafening using diphtheria toxin and minimizes off-target effects of UNM while allowing effects on neural activity to be visualized with fluorescent calcium imaging. Using this model, we found that the auditory confounds caused by FUS can be significantly reduced or eliminated within a certain pressure range. At higher pressures, FUS can result in focal fluorescence dips at the target, elicit non-auditory sensory confounds, and damage tissue, leading to spreading depolarization. Under the acoustic conditions we tested, we did not observe direct calcium responses in the mouse cortex. Our findings provide a cleaner animal model for UNM and sonogenetics research, establish a parameter range within which off-target effects are confidently avoided, and reveal the non-auditory side effects of higher-pressure stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsun Guo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Hossein Salahshoor
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sangjin Yoo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Tomokazu Sato
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Doris Y. Tsao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G. Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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10
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He J, Zhu Y, Wu C, Wu J, Chen Y, Yuan M, Cheng Z, Zeng L, Ji X. Transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation facilitates isoflurane-induced general anesthesia recovery and improves cognition in mice. ULTRASONICS 2023; 135:107132. [PMID: 37604030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Delayed arousal and cognitive dysfunction are common, especially in older patients after general anesthesia (GA). Elevating central nervous system serotonin (5-HT) levels can promote recovery from GA and increase synaptic plasticity to improve cognition. Ultrasound neuromodulation has become a noninvasive physical intervention therapy with high spatial resolution and penetration depth, which can modulate neuronal excitability to treat psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to use ultrasound to noninvasively modulate the brain 5-HT levels of mice to promote recovery from GA and improve cognition in mice. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) of mice during GA was stimulated by the 1.1 MHz ultrasound with a negative pressure of 356 kPa, and the liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was used to measure the DRN 5-HT concentrations. The mice's recovery time from GA was assessed, and the cognition was evaluated through spontaneous alternation Y-maze and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. After ultrasound stimulation, the mice's DRN 5-HT levels were significantly increased (control: 554.0 ± 103.2 ng/g, anesthesia + US: 664.2 ± 84.1 ng/g, *p = 0.0389); the GA recovery time (return of the righting reflex (RORR) emergence latency time) of mice was significantly reduced (anesthesia: 331.6 ± 70 s, anesthesia + US: 223.2 ± 67.7 s, *p = 0.0215); the spontaneous rotation behavior score of mice was significantly increased (anesthesia: 59.46 ± 5.26 %, anesthesia + US: 68.55 ± 5.24 %; *p = 0.0126); the recognition index was significantly increased (anesthesia: 55.02 ± 6.23 %, anesthesia + US: 78.52 ± 12.21 %; ***p = 0.0009). This study indicates that ultrasound stimulation of DRN increases serotonin levels, accelerates recovery from anesthesia, and improves cognition, which could be an important strategy for treating delayed arousal, postoperative delirium, or even lasting cognitive dysfunction after GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaru He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiyue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Canwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Maodan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongwen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lvming Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuanrong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Choi MH, Li N, Popelka G, Butts Pauly K. Development and validation of a computational method to predict unintended auditory brainstem response during transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation in mice. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1362-1370. [PMID: 37690602 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a promising noninvasive neuromodulation modality. The inadvertent and unpredictable activation of the auditory system in response to TUS obfuscates the interpretation of non-auditory neuromodulatory responses. OBJECTIVE The objective was to develop and validate a computational metric to quantify the susceptibility to unintended auditory brainstem response (ABR) in mice premised on time frequency analyses of TUS signals and auditory sensitivity. METHODS Ultrasound pulses with varying amplitudes, pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs), envelope smoothing profiles, and sinusoidal modulation frequencies were selected. Each pulse's time-varying frequency spectrum was differentiated across time, weighted by the mouse hearing sensitivity, then summed across frequencies. The resulting time-varying function, computationally predicting the ABR, was validated against experimental ABR in mice during TUS with the corresponding pulse. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between experimental ABRs and the computational predictions for 19 TUS signals (R2 = 0.97). CONCLUSIONS To reduce ABR in mice during in vivo TUS studies, 1) reduce the amplitude of a rectangular continuous wave envelope, 2) increase the rise/fall times of a smoothed continuous wave envelope, and/or 3) change the PRF and/or duty cycle of a rectangular or sinusoidal pulsed wave to reduce the gap between pulses and increase the rise/fall time of the overall envelope. This metric can aid researchers performing in vivo mouse studies in selecting TUS signal parameters that minimize unintended ABR. The methods for developing this metric can be adapted to other animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hyun Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Ningrui Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gerald Popelka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kim Butts Pauly
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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12
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Wang L, Chang G, Yang M, Xu Z, Wang J, Xu H, He M, Dai L, Zhao Y, Ji Z, Zhang L. The Noninvasive Sonothermogenetics Used for Neuromodulation in M1 Region of Mice Brain by Overexpression of TRPV1. Neuroscience 2023; 527:22-36. [PMID: 37482284 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Sonogenetics is preferred for neuroregulation and the treatment of brain diseases due to its noninvasive properties. Ultrasonic stimulation produces thermal and mechanical effects, among others. Since transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) could be activated at 42 °C, it is overexpressed in the M1 region of the mouse motor cortex to sense the change of temperature upon being stimulated by focused ultrasound. Whether the heat generated by ultrasonic stimulation could activate TRPV1 in the M1 region and induce changes in electromyography (EMG) signals collected from the mice's triceps was carefully verified. The position of the focused ultrasound and the temperature of the tissue at the location of the focused position were simulated using COMSOL software and verified via experiments. For Neuro-2a cells with TRPV1 overexpression, 42 °C could activate the TRPV1 and induce calcium influx. For mice with TRPV1 overexpression in the M1 region, tissue temperature of >42 °C in the M1 region induces an increased number of cfos, suggesting that neurons with overexpressed TRPV1 in the M1 region can be activated using focused ultrasound. Furthermore, when the temperature is >42 °C, the peak-to-peak value of the EMG signal for mice with TRPV1 overexpression in the M1 region was higher than that for mice without TRPV1 overexpression. The immunohistochemical results showed that ultrasound was not harmful to the stimulation site. The noninvasive ultrasound stimulation combined with thermosensitive protein TRPV1 overexpressed in neurocytes as sonothermogenetics technology has great potential to be used for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450007, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Guanglei Chang
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450007, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhaobin Xu
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450007, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jianye Wang
- Institute of Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hongliang Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Meixia He
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450007, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Liping Dai
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450007, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450007, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450007, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Liguo Zhang
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450007, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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13
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Guo H, Salahshoor H, Wu D, Yoo S, Sato T, Tsao DY, Shapiro MG. Effects of focused ultrasound in a "clean" mouse model of ultrasonic neuromodulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.22.541780. [PMID: 37293117 PMCID: PMC10245917 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on ultrasonic neuromodulation (UNM) in rodents have shown that focused ultrasound (FUS) can activate peripheral auditory pathways, leading to off-target and brain-wide excitation, which obscures the direct activation of the target area by FUS. To address this issue, we developed a new mouse model, the double transgenic Pou4f3+/DTR × Thy1-GCaMP6s, which allows for inducible deafening using diphtheria toxin and minimizes off-target effects of UNM while allowing effects on neural activity to be visualized with fluorescent calcium imaging. Using this model, we found that the auditory confounds caused by FUS can be significantly reduced or eliminated within a certain pressure range. At higher pressures, FUS can result in focal fluorescence dips at the target, elicit non-auditory sensory confounds, and damage tissue, leading to spreading depolarization. Under the acoustic conditions we tested, we did not observe direct calcium responses in the mouse cortex. Our findings provide a cleaner animal model for UNM and sonogenetics research, establish a parameter range within which off-target effects are confidently avoided, and reveal the non-auditory side effects of higher-pressure stimulation.
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14
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Li D, Cao F, Han J, Wang M, Lai C, Zhang J, Xu T, Bouakaz A, Wan M, Ren P, Zhang S. The sustainable antihypertensive and target organ damage protective effect of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2023; 41:852-866. [PMID: 36883470 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the sustainable antihypertensive effects and protection against target organ damage caused by low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) stimulation and the underlying mechanism in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) model. METHODS AND RESULTS SHRs were treated with ultrasound stimulation of the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VlPAG) for 20 min every day for 2 months. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was compared among normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats, SHR control group, SHR Sham group, and SHR LIFU stimulation group. Cardiac ultrasound imaging and hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining of the heart and kidney were performed to assess target organ damage. The c-fos immunofluorescence analysis and plasma levels of angiotensin II, aldosterone, hydrocortisone, and endothelin-1 were measured to investigate the neurohumoral and organ systems involved. We found that SBP was reduced from 172 ± 4.2 mmHg to 141 ± 2.1 mmHg after 1 month of LIFU stimulation, P < 0.01. The next month of treatment can maintain the rat's blood pressure at 146 ± 4.2 mmHg at the end of the experiment. LIFU stimulation reverses left ventricular hypertrophy and improves heart and kidney function. Furthermore, LIFU stimulation enhanced the neural activity from the VLPAG to the caudal ventrolateral medulla and reduced the plasma levels of ANGII and Aldo. CONCLUSION We concluded that LIFU stimulation has a sustainable antihypertensive effect and protects against target organ damage by activating antihypertensive neural pathways from VLPAG to the caudal ventrolateral medulla and further inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity, thereby supporting a novel and noninvasive alternative therapy to treat hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Fangyuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Chunhao Lai
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Tianqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | | | - Mingxi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Institute of Medical Artificial Intelligence
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Sichuan Digital Economy Industry Development Research Institute, China
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15
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Hu YY, Yang G, Liang XS, Ding XS, Xu DE, Li Z, Ma QH, Chen R, Sun YY. Transcranial low-intensity ultrasound stimulation for treating central nervous system disorders: A promising therapeutic application. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1117188. [PMID: 36970512 PMCID: PMC10030814 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1117188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial ultrasound stimulation is a neurostimulation technique that has gradually attracted the attention of researchers, especially as a potential therapy for neurological disorders, because of its high spatial resolution, its good penetration depth, and its non-invasiveness. Ultrasound can be categorized as high-intensity and low-intensity based on the intensity of its acoustic wave. High-intensity ultrasound can be used for thermal ablation by taking advantage of its high-energy characteristics. Low-intensity ultrasound, which produces low energy, can be used as a means to regulate the nervous system. The present review describes the current status of research on low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (LITUS) in the treatment of neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, essential tremor, depression, Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies using LITUS to treat the aforementioned neurological disorders and discusses their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Hu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Lab Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Song Liang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Second Clinical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan-Si Ding
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - De-En Xu
- Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Sleep Medicine Center, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Quan-Hong Ma
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Chen
| | - Yan-Yun Sun
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Yan-Yun Sun
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Pérez-Neri I, González-Aguilar A, Sandoval H, Pineda C, Ríos C. Potential Goals, Challenges, and Safety of Focused Ultrasound Application for Central Nervous System Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1807-1810. [PMID: 35105289 PMCID: PMC9886811 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220201092908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Camilo Ríos
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Neurochemistry of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery. Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14269. Mexico; E-mail:
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17
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Mechanistic insights into ultrasonic neurostimulation of disconnected neurons using single short pulses. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:769-779. [PMID: 35561960 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic neurostimulation is a potentially potent noninvasive therapy, whose mechanism has yet to be elucidated. We designed a system capable of applying ultrasound with minimal reflections to neuronal cultures. Synaptic transmission was pharmacologically controlled, eliminating network effects, enabling examination of single-cell processes. Short single pulses of low-intensity ultrasound were applied, and time-locked responses were examined using calcium imaging. Low-pressure (0.35MPa) ultrasound directly stimulated ∼20% of pharmacologically disconnected neurons, regardless of membrane poration. Stimulation was resistant to the blockade of several purinergic receptor and mechanosensitive ion channel types. Stimulation was blocked, however, by suppression of action potentials. Surprisingly, even extremely short (4μs) pulses were effective, stimulating ∼8% of the neurons. Lower-pressure pulses (0.35MPa) were less effective than higher-pressure ones (0.65MPa). Attrition effects dominated, with no indication of compromised viability. Our results detract from theories implicating cavitation, heating, non-transient membrane pores >1.5nm, pre-synaptic release, or gradual effects. They implicate a post-synaptic mechanism upstream of the action potential, and narrow down the list of possible targets involved.
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18
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Dell'Italia J, Sanguinetti JL, Monti MM, Bystritsky A, Reggente N. Current State of Potential Mechanisms Supporting Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Neuromodulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:872639. [PMID: 35547195 PMCID: PMC9081930 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.872639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) has been gaining traction as a non-invasive neuromodulation technology due to its superior spatial specificity relative to transcranial electrical/magnetic stimulation. Despite a growing literature of LIFU-induced behavioral modifications, the mechanisms of action supporting LIFU's parameter-dependent excitatory and suppressive effects are not fully understood. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the underlying mechanics of both acoustic energy and neuronal membranes, defining the primary variables for a subsequent review of the field's proposed mechanisms supporting LIFU's neuromodulatory effects. An exhaustive review of the empirical literature was also conducted and studies were grouped based on the sonication parameters used and behavioral effects observed, with the goal of linking empirical findings to the proposed theoretical mechanisms and evaluating which model best fits the existing data. A neuronal intramembrane cavitation excitation model, which accounts for differential effects as a function of cell-type, emerged as a possible explanation for the range of excitatory effects found in the literature. The suppressive and other findings need additional theoretical mechanisms and these theoretical mechanisms need to have established relationships to sonication parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dell'Italia
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: John Dell'Italia
| | - Joseph L. Sanguinetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Martin M. Monti
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Bystritsky
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA, United States
- Tiny Blue Dot Foundation, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Nicco Reggente
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA, United States
- Tiny Blue Dot Foundation, Santa Monica, CA, United States
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Bellows S, Jimenez-Shahed J. Is essential tremor a disorder of GABA dysfunction? No. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 163:285-310. [PMID: 35750366 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although essential tremor is common, its underlying pathophysiology remains uncertain, and several hypotheses seek to explain the tremor mechanism. The GABA hypothesis states that disinhibition of deep cerebellar neurons due to reduced GABAergic input from Purkinje cells results in increased pacemaker activity, leading to rhythmic output to the thalamo-cortical circuit and resulting in tremor. However, some neuroimaging, spectroscopy, and pathology studies have not shown a clear or consistent GABA deficiency in essential tremor, and animal models have indicated that large reductions of Purkinje cell inhibition may improve tremor. Instead, tremor is increasingly attributable to dysfunction in oscillating networks, where altered (but not necessarily reduced) inhibitory signaling can result in tremor. Hypersynchrony of Purkinje cell activity may account for excessive oscillatory cerebellar output, with potential contributions along multiple sites of the olivocerebellar loop. Although older animal tremor models, such as harmaline tremor, have explored contributions from the inferior olivary body, increasing evidence has pointed to the role of aberrant climbing fiber synaptic organization in oscillatory cerebellar activity and tremor generation. New animal models such as hotfoot17j mice, which exhibit abnormal climbing fiber organization due to mutations in Grid2, have recapitulated many features of ET. Similar abnormal climbing fiber architecture and excessive cerebellar oscillations as measured by EEG have been found in humans with essential tremor. Further understanding of hypersynchrony and excessive oscillatory activity in ET phenotypes may lead to more targeted and effective treatment options.
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He J, Wu J, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Yuan M, Zeng L, Ji X. Multitarget Transcranial Ultrasound Therapy in Small Animals Based on Phase-Only Acoustic Holographic Lens. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:662-671. [PMID: 34847028 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2021.3131752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial ultrasound therapy has become a noninvasive method for treating neurological and psychiatric disorders, and studies have further demonstrated that multitarget transcranial ultrasound therapy is a better solution. At present, multitarget transcranial ultrasound therapy in small animals can only be achieved by the multitransducer or phased array. However, multiple transducers may cause spatial interference, and the phased array system is complicated, expensive, and especially unsuitable for small animals. This study is the first to design and fabricate a miniature acoustic holography lens for multitarget transcranial ultrasound therapy in rats. The acoustic holographic lens, working at a frequency of 1.0 MHz, with a size of 10.08 mm ×10.08 mm and a pixel resolution of 0.72 mm, was designed, optimized, and fabricated. The dual-focus transcranial ultrasound generated based on the lens was measured; the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the focal spots in the y -direction was 2.15 and 2.27 mm and in the z -direction was 2.3 and 2.36 mm. The focal length was 5.4 mm, and the distance between the two focuses was 5.6 mm, close to the desired values of 5.4 and 6.0 mm. Finally, the multiple-target blood-brain barrier opening in rats' bilateral secondary visual cortex (mediolateral area, V2ML) was demonstrated using the transcranial ultrasound therapy system based on the lens. These results demonstrate the good performance of the multitarget transcranial ultrasound therapy system for small animals, including high spatial resolution, small size, and low cost.
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21
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Yoo S, Mittelstein DR, Hurt RC, Lacroix J, Shapiro MG. Focused ultrasound excites cortical neurons via mechanosensitive calcium accumulation and ion channel amplification. Nat Commun 2022; 13:493. [PMID: 35078979 PMCID: PMC8789820 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic neuromodulation has the unique potential to provide non-invasive control of neural activity in deep brain regions with high spatial precision and without chemical or genetic modification. However, the biomolecular and cellular mechanisms by which focused ultrasound excites mammalian neurons have remained unclear, posing significant challenges for the use of this technology in research and potential clinical applications. Here, we show that focused ultrasound excites primary murine cortical neurons in culture through a primarily mechanical mechanism mediated by specific calcium-selective mechanosensitive ion channels. The activation of these channels results in a gradual build-up of calcium, which is amplified by calcium- and voltage-gated channels, generating a burst firing response. Cavitation, temperature changes, large-scale deformation, and synaptic transmission are not required for this excitation to occur. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of specific ion channels leads to reduced responses to ultrasound, while over-expressing these channels results in stronger ultrasonic stimulation. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the effect of ultrasound on neurons to facilitate the further development of ultrasonic neuromodulation and sonogenetics as tools for neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjin Yoo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - David R Mittelstein
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Robert C Hurt
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Jerome Lacroix
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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22
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Lang EJ, Handforth A. Is the inferior olive central to essential tremor? Yes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 163:133-165. [PMID: 35750361 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We consider the question whether the inferior olive (IO) is required for essential tremor (ET). Much evidence shows that the olivocerebellar system is the main system capable of generating the widespread synchronous oscillatory Purkinje cell (PC) complex spike (CS) activity across the cerebellar cortex that would be capable of generating the type of bursting cerebellar output from the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) that could underlie tremor. Normally, synchronous CS activity primarily reflects the effective electrical coupling of IO neurons by gap junctions, and traditionally, ET research has focused on the hypothesis of increased coupling of IO neurons as the cause of hypersynchronous CS activity underlying tremor. However, recent pathology studies of brains from humans with ET and evidence from mutant mice, particularly the hotfoot17 mouse, that largely replicate the pathology of ET, suggest that the abnormal innervation of multiple Purkinje cells (PCs) by climbing fibers (Cfs) is related to tremor. In addition, ET brains show partial PC loss and axon terminal sprouting by surviving PCs. This may provide another mechanism for tremor. It is proposed that in ET, these three mechanisms may promote tremor. They all involve hypersynchronous DCN activity and an intact IO, but the level at which excessive synchronization occurs may be at the IO level (from abnormal afferent activity to this nucleus), the PC level (via aberrant Cfs), or the DCN level (via terminal PC collateral innervation).
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23
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Salahshoor H, Guo H, Shapiro MG, Ortiz M. Mechanics Of Ultrasonic Neuromodulation In A Mouse Subject. EXTREME MECHANICS LETTERS 2022; 50:101539. [PMID: 38170107 PMCID: PMC10760995 DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2021.101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound neuromodulation (UNM), where a region in the brain is targeted by focused ultrasound (FUS), which, in turn, causes excitation or inhibition of neural activity, has recently received considerable attention as a promising tool for neuroscience. Despite its great potential, several aspects of UNM are still unknown. An important question pertains to the off-target sensory effects of UNM and their dependence on stimulation frequency. To understand these effects, we have developed a finite-element model of a mouse, including elasticity and viscoelasticity, and used it to interrogate the response of mouse models to focused ultrasound (FUS). We find that, while some degree of focusing and magnification of the signal is achieved within the brain, the induced pressure-wave pattern is complex and delocalized. In addition, we find that the brain is largely insulated, or 'cloaked', from shear waves by the cranium and that the shear waves are largely carried away from the skull by the vertebral column, which acts as a waveguide. We find that, as expected, this waveguide mechanism is strongly frequency dependent, which may contribute to the frequency dependence of UNM effects. Our calculations further suggest that off-target skin locations experience displacements and stresses at levels that, while greatly attenuated from the source, could nevertheless induce sensory responses in the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Salahshoor
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Hongsun Guo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Michael Ortiz
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125
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24
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Chen Y, Li Y, Du M, Yu J, Gao F, Yuan Z, Chen Z. Ultrasound Neuromodulation: Integrating Medicine and Engineering for Neurological Disease Treatment. BIO INTEGRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2020-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Neurological diseases associated with dysfunctions of neural circuits, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), depression and epilepsy, have been increasingly prevalent. To tackle these issues, artificial stimulation or regulation of specific neural circuits and
nuclei are employed to alleviate or cure certain neurological diseases. In particular, ultrasound neuromodulation has been an emerging interdisciplinary approach, which integrates medicine and engineering methodologies in the treatment. With the development of medicine and engineering, ultrasound
neuromodulation has gradually been applied in the treatment of central nervous system diseases. In this review, we aimed to summarize the mechanism of ultrasound neuromodulation and the advances of focused ultrasound (FUS) in neuromodulation in recent years, with a special emphasis on its
application in central nervous system disease treatment. FUS showed great feasibility in the treatment of epilepsy, tremor, AD, depression, and brain trauma. We also suggested future directions of ultrasound neuromodulation in clinical settings, with a focus on its fusion with genetic engineering
or nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Meng Du
- Medical Imaging Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jinsui Yu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Medical Imaging Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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25
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Permezel F. Brain MRI-guided focused ultrasound conceptualised as a tool for brain network intervention. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 90:370-379. [PMID: 34275578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging guided high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has emerged as a tool offering incisionless intervention on brain tissue. The low risk and rapid recovery from this procedure, in addition to the ability to assess for clinical benefit and adverse events intraprocedurally, makes it an ideal tool for intervention upon brain networks both for clinical and research applications. This review article proposes that conceptualising brain focused ultrasound as a tool for brain network intervention and adoption of methodology to complement this approach may result in better clinical outcomes, fewer adverse events and may unveil or allow treatment opportunities not otherwise possible. A brief introduction to network neuroscience is discussed before a description of pathological brain networks is provided for a number of conditions for which MRI-guided brain HIFU intervention has been implemented. Essential Tremor is discussed as the most advanced example of MRI-guided brain HIFU intervention adoption along with the issues that present with this treatment modality compared to alternatives. The brain network intervention paradigm is proposed to overcome these issues and a number of examples of implementation of this are discussed. The ability of low intensity MRI guided focussed ultrasound to neuromoduate brain tissue without lesioning is introduced. This tool is discussed with regards to its potential clinical application as well as its potential to further our understanding of network neuroscience via its ability to interrogate brain networks without damaging tissue. Finally, a number of current clinical trials utilising brain focused ultrasound are discussed, along with the additional applications available from the utilisation of low intensity focused ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Permezel
- Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
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26
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Zhang J, Zhou H, Yang J, Jia J, Niu L, Sun Z, Shi D, Meng L, Qiu W, Wang X, Zheng H, Wang G. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound ameliorates depression-like behaviors in a rat model of chronic unpredictable stress. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 27:233-243. [PMID: 33112507 PMCID: PMC7816209 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is an unmet need for better nonpharmaceutical treatments for depression. Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a novel type of neuromodulation that could be helpful for depressed patients. Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility and potential mechanisms of LIPUS in the treatment of depression. Methods Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) was used to generate rats with depression‐like features that were treated with four weeks of LIPUS stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Depression‐like behaviors were assessed with the sucrose preference, forced swim, and open field tests. BDNF/mTORC1 signaling was examined by Western blot to investigate this potential molecular mechanism. The safety of LIPUS was evaluated using hematoxylin‐eosin and Nissl staining. Results Four weeks of LIPUS stimulation significantly increased sucrose preference and reduced forced swim immobility time in CUS rats. LIPUS also partially reversed the molecular effects of CUS that included decreased levels of BDNF, phosphorylated tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB), extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), and S6 kinase (S6K). Moreover, histological staining revealed no gross tissue damage. Conclusions Chronic LIPUS stimulation can effectively and safely improve depression‐like behaviors in CUS rats. The underlying mechanisms may be related to enhancement of BDNF/ERK/mTORC1 signaling pathways in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). LIPUS is a promising noninvasive neuromodulation tool that merits further study as a potential treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinniu Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Yang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for the Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Jia
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zuoli Sun
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Shi
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Long Meng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weibao Qiu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for the Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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27
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Rabut C, Yoo S, Hurt RC, Jin Z, Li H, Guo H, Ling B, Shapiro MG. Ultrasound Technologies for Imaging and Modulating Neural Activity. Neuron 2020; 108:93-110. [PMID: 33058769 PMCID: PMC7577369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing and perturbing neural activity on a brain-wide scale in model animals and humans is a major goal of neuroscience technology development. Established electrical and optical techniques typically break down at this scale due to inherent physical limitations. In contrast, ultrasound readily permeates the brain, and in some cases the skull, and interacts with tissue with a fundamental resolution on the order of 100 μm and 1 ms. This basic ability has motivated major efforts to harness ultrasound as a modality for large-scale brain imaging and modulation. These efforts have resulted in already-useful neuroscience tools, including high-resolution hemodynamic functional imaging, focused ultrasound neuromodulation, and local drug delivery. Furthermore, recent breakthroughs promise to connect ultrasound to neurons at the genetic level for biomolecular imaging and sonogenetic control. In this article, we review the state of the art and ongoing developments in ultrasonic neurotechnology, building from fundamental principles to current utility, open questions, and future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Rabut
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sangjin Yoo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Hurt
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyang Jin
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Hongyi Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Hongsun Guo
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Bill Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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28
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Handforth A, Lang EJ. Increased Purkinje Cell Complex Spike and Deep Cerebellar Nucleus Synchrony as a Potential Basis for Syndromic Essential Tremor. A Review and Synthesis of the Literature. THE CEREBELLUM 2020; 20:266-281. [PMID: 33048308 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We review advances in understanding Purkinje cell (PC) complex spike (CS) physiology that suggest increased CS synchrony underlies syndromic essential tremor (ET). We searched PubMed for papers describing factors that affect CS synchrony or cerebellar circuits potentially related to tremor. Inferior olivary (IO) neurons are electrically coupled, with the degree of coupling controlled by excitatory and GABAergic inputs. Clusters of coupled IO neurons synchronize CSs within parasagittal bands via climbing fibers (Cfs). When motor cortex is stimulated in rats at varying frequencies, whisker movement occurs at ~10 Hz, correlated with synchronous CSs, indicating that the IO/CS oscillatory rhythm gates movement frequency. Intra-IO injection of the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin increases CS synchrony, increases whisker movement amplitude, and induces tremor. Harmaline and 5-HT2a receptor activation also increase IO coupling and CS synchrony and induce tremor. The hotfoot17 mouse displays features found in ET brains, including cerebellar GluRδ2 deficiency and abnormal PC Cf innervation, with IO- and PC-dependent cerebellar oscillations and tremor likely due to enhanced CS synchrony. Heightened coupling within the IO oscillator leads, through its dynamic control of CS synchrony, to increased movement amplitude and, when sufficiently intense, action tremor. Increased CS synchrony secondary to aberrant Cf innervation of multiple PCs likely also underlies hotfoot17 tremor. Deep cerebellar nucleus (DCN) hypersynchrony may occur secondary to increased CS synchrony but might also occur from PC axonal terminal sprouting during partial PC loss. Through these combined mechanisms, increased CS/DCN synchrony may plausibly underlie syndromic ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Handforth
- Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.
| | - Eric J Lang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Salahshoor H, Shapiro MG, Ortiz M. Transcranial focused ultrasound generates skull-conducted shear waves: Computational model and implications for neuromodulation. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2020; 117:033702. [PMID: 32741976 PMCID: PMC7386437 DOI: 10.1063/5.0011837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) is an established technique for non-invasive surgery and has recently attracted considerable attention as a potential method for non-invasive neuromodulation. While the pressure waves in FUS procedures have been extensively studied in this context, the accompanying shear waves are often neglected due to the relatively high shear compliance of soft tissues. However, in bony structures such as the skull, acoustic pressure can also induce significant shear waves that could propagate outside the ultrasound focus. Here, we investigate wave propagation in the human cranium by means of a finite-element model that accounts for the anatomy, elasticity, and viscoelasticity of the skull and brain. We show that, when a region on the scalp is subjected to FUS, the skull acts as a waveguide for shear waves that propagate with a speed close to 1500 m/s, reaching off-target structures such as the cochlea. In particular, when a sharp onset of FUS is introduced in a zone proximal to the intersection of the parietal and temporal cranium, the bone-propagated shear waves reach the inner ear in about 40 μ s , leading to cumulative displacements of about 1 μ m . We further quantify the effect of ramped and sharp application of FUS on the cumulative displacements in the inner ear. Our results help explain the off-target auditory responses observed during neuromodulation experiments and inform the development of mitigation and sham control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Salahshoor
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G. Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Michael Ortiz
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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30
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Wang S, Meng W, Ren Z, Li B, Zhu T, Chen H, Wang Z, He B, Zhao D, Jiang H. Ultrasonic Neuromodulation and Sonogenetics: A New Era for Neural Modulation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:787. [PMID: 32765294 PMCID: PMC7378787 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive ultrasonic neural modulation (UNM), a non-invasive technique with enhanced spatial focus compared to conventional electrical neural modulation, has attracted much attention in recent decades and might become the mainstream regimen for neurological disorders. However, as ultrasonic bioeffects and its adjustments are still unclear, it remains difficult to be extensively applied for therapeutic purpose, much less in the setting of human skull. Hence to comprehensively understand the way ultrasound exerts bioeffects, we explored UNM from a basic perspective by illustrating the parameter settings and the underlying mechanisms. In addition, although the spatial resolution and precision of UNM are considerable, UNM is relatively non-specific to tissue or cell type and shows very low specificity at the molecular level. Surprisingly, Ibsen et al. (2015) first proposed the concept of sonogenetics, which combined UNM and mechanosensitive (MS) channel protein. This emerging approach is a valuable improvement, as it may markedly increase the precision and spatial resolution of UNM. It seemed to be an inspiring tool with high accuracy and specificity, however, little information about sonogenetics is currently available. Thus, in order to provide an overview of sonogenetics and prompt the researches on UNM, we summarized the potential mechanisms from a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weilun Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medical Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongyuan Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medical Department, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Binxun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongjian Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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31
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Zou J, Meng L, Lin Z, Qiao Y, Tie C, Wang Y, Huang X, Yuan T, Chi Y, Meng W, Niu L, Guo Y, Zheng H. Ultrasound Neuromodulation Inhibits Seizures in Acute Epileptic Monkeys. iScience 2020; 23:101066. [PMID: 32361593 PMCID: PMC7200788 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound stimulation has recently emerged as a non-invasive method for modulating brain activity in animal and human studies with healthy subjects. Whether brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and depression can be treated using ultrasound stimulation still needs to be explored. Recent studies have reported that ultrasound stimulation suppressed epileptic seizures in a rodent model of epilepsy. These findings raise the crucial question of whether ultrasound stimulation can inhibit seizures in non-human primates with epilepsy. Here, we addressed this critical question. We confirmed that ultrasound stimulation significantly reduced the frequency of seizures in acute epileptic monkeys. Furthermore, the results showed that the number and duration of seizures were reduced, whereas the inter-seizure interval was increased after ultrasound stimulation. Besides, no significant brain tissue damage was observed by T2-weighted MR imaging. Our results are of great importance for future clinical applications of ultrasound neuromodulation in patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zou
- The National Key Clinic Specialty The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Long Meng
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhengrong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yangzi Qiao
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Changjun Tie
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tifei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yajie Chi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangzhou 528300, China
| | - Wen Meng
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yanwu Guo
- The National Key Clinic Specialty The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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32
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Darrow DP, O’Brien P, Richner T, Netoff TI, Ebbini ES. A thermal mechanism underlies tFUS neuromodulation. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:327-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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33
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Li D, Cui Z, Xu S, Xu T, Wu S, Bouakaz A, Wan M, Zhang S. Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Stimulation Treatment Decreases Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:3048-3056. [PMID: 32086192 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.2975279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We applied low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) stimulation of the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) model to demonstrate the feasibility of LIFU stimulation to decrease blood pressure (BP). METHODS The rats were treated with LIFU stimulation for 20 min every day for one week. The change of BP and heart rate (HR) were recorded to evaluate the antihypertensive effect. Then the plasma levels of epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NE), and angiotensin II (ANGII) were measured to evaluate the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The c-fos immunofluorescence assay was performed to investigate the antihypertensive nerve pathway. Moreover, the biological safety of ultrasound sonication was examined. RESULTS The LIFU stimulation induced a significant reduction of BP in 8 SHRs. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was reduced from 170 ± 4 mmHg to 128 ± 4.5 mmHg after a one-week treatment, p < 0.01. The activity of SNS and RAS were also inhibited. The results of the c-fos immunofluorescence assay showed that US stimulation of the vlPAG significantly enhanced the neuronal activity both in vlPAG and caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) regions. And the US stimulation used in this study did not cause significant tissue damage, hemorrhage and cell apoptosis in the sonication region. CONCLUSION The results support that LIFU stimulation of the vlPAG could relieve hypertension in SHRs. SIGNIFICANCE The LIFU stimulation of the vlPAG could potentially be a new alternative non-invasive device therapy for hypertension.
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Spivak NM, Schafer ME, Bystritsky A. Reversible neuroinhibition does not require a thermal mechanism. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Cui Z, Li D, Feng Y, Xu T, Wu S, Li Y, Bouakaz A, Wan M, Zhang S. Enhanced neuronal activity in mouse motor cortex with microbubbles' oscillations by transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 59:104745. [PMID: 31473423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles (MBs) are known to serve as an amplifier of the mechanical effects of ultrasound, which combined with ultrasound are widely used in brain. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of oscillating MBs on the neuronal activity in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals. The motor cortex of mice brain was subjected to ultrasound stimulation with and without MBs, and evoked electromyogram signals were recorded. A c-fos immunofluorescence assay was performed to evaluate the neuronal activation in the region of ultrasound stimulation. BBB integrity during ultrasound stimulation with MBs was assessed in this study. Moreover, the safety of ultrasound stimulation with MBs was examined. Using ultrasound at 620 kHz, the injection of MBs significantly increased the success rate of motor response from 0.065 ± 0.06 to 0.28 ± 0.10 when stimulation was applied at 0.12 MPa and from 0.38 ± 0.09 to 0.77 ± 0.18 at 0.25 MPa (p < 0.001). The results of the c-fos immunofluorescence assay showed that the mean densities of c-fos+ cells were significantly increased from 15.67 ± 3.51 to 53.01 ± 9.54 at 0.12 MPa acoustic pressure. At 0.25 MPa, the mean density of c-fos + cells was 81 ± 10.97 without MBs and it significantly increased to 124.12 ± 25.71 with MBs (p < 0.05). Enhanced neuronal activities were observed with 0.12 MPa ultrasound stimulation with MBs, while the integrity of BBB was not compromised, but 0.25 MPa ultrasound stimulation with MBs resulted in BBB disruption. These findings reveal that the oscillations of MBs can enhance neuronal activity in the CNS of mammals, and may provide an insight into the application of MBs combined with ultrasound in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Xijing Hospital, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tianqi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yibao Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | | | - Mingxi Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Wang P, Zhang J, Yu J, Smith C, Feng W. Brain Modulatory Effects by Low-Intensity Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation (TUS): A Systematic Review on Both Animal and Human Studies. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:696. [PMID: 31396029 PMCID: PMC6667677 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: Low Intensity Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation (TUS) is a new form of non-invasive brain modulation with promising data; however, systematic reviews on the brain modulatory effects of TUS on both animals and humans have not been well-conducted. We aimed to conduct a systematic review on the studies using the TUS to modulate the brain functions and associated behavioral changes in both animals and humans. Methods: A literature search for published studies in the past 10 years was conducted. Two authors independently reviewed the relevant articles. Data were extracted and qualitatively summarized. Quality of studies was assessed by the SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for preclinical studies or the PEDro scale for clinical studies. Results: A total of 24 animal studies (506 animals) and 11 human studies (213 subjects) were included. Findings based on most animal studies demonstrated the excitatory or suppressive modulatory effects of ultrasonic stimulations on motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, thalamus, prefrontal cortex, auditory, and visual areas. Brain modulatory effects also were found among healthy human subjects in seven studies and two clinical studies suggested TUS may result in potential benefits on patients with disorder of consciousness or chronic pain. The safety concerns of TUS seem to be minor based on the human studies. Conclusions: TUS appears to be a viable technique in modulating the brain functions; however, research on TUS is still in its early stages, especially in human studies. Parameters need to be optimized before launching systematic investigations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiadan Yu
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Colin Smith
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Wuwei Feng
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Zhou H, Niu L, Meng L, Lin Z, Zou J, Xia X, Huang X, Zhou W, Bian T, Zheng H. Noninvasive Ultrasound Deep Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Model Mouse. RESEARCH 2019; 2019:1748489. [PMID: 31549045 PMCID: PMC6750068 DOI: 10.34133/2019/1748489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Modulating basal ganglia circuitry is of great significance in the improvement of motor function in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that noninvasive ultrasound deep brain stimulation (UDBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the globus pallidus (GP) improves motor behavior in a subacute mouse model of PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Immunohistochemical c-Fos protein expression confirms that there is a relatively high level of c-Fos expression in the STN-UDBS and GP-UDBS group compared with sham group (both p < 0.05). Furthermore, STN-UDBS or GP-UDBS significantly increases the latency to fall in the rotarod test on day 9 (p < 0.05) and decreases the time spent climbing down a vertical rod in the pole test on day 12 (p < 0.05). Moreover, our results reveal that STN-UDBS or GP-UDBS protects the dopamine (DA) neurons from MPTP neurotoxicity by downregulating Bax (p < 0.001), upregulating Bcl-2 (p < 0.01), blocking cytochrome c (Cyt C) release from mitochondria (p < 0.05), and reducing cleaved-caspase 3 activity (p < 0.01) in the ipsilateral substantia nigra (SN). Additionally, the safety of ultrasound stimulation is characterized by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Nissl staining; no hemorrhage or tissue damage is detected. These data demonstrate that UDBS enables modulation of STN or GP neural activity and leads to neuroprotection in PD mice, potentially serving as a noninvasive strategy for the clinical treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Long Meng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zhengrong Lin
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xiangxiang Xia
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Tianyuan Bian
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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