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Fattobene M, Santoni E, Russo RE, Zamponi S, Conti P, Sorci A, Awais M, Liu F, Berrettoni M. Analysis of Posidonia oceanica's Stress Factors in the Marine Environment of Tremiti Islands, Italy. Molecules 2024; 29:4197. [PMID: 39275045 PMCID: PMC11396999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Posidonia oceanica significantly contributes to the health of oceans and coastal areas; however, its progressive decline is becoming an increasing source of concern. The present preliminary study aims to assess the chemical parameters that describe the state of preservation of the aforementioned plant meadows located in the Tremiti Islands archipelago. To better understand the plants' response to external factors, the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) was investigated using Posidonia oceanica as a biological indicator. Subsequently, the heavy metal concentrations (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Ti, Tl, V, Zn) in sediments, leaves, and seawater were determined and pollution indicators were calculated to assess the deviation from the natural background levels of sediments. The dimethyl sulfoniopropionate (DMSP) to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) ratio was calculated to evaluate the oxidative stress levels in the meadows because the DMSP naturally present in Posidonia oceanica is oxidized to DMSO and decreases the ratio of DMSP/DMSO. BVOC analysis revealed dimethyl sulphide (DMS) as the most abundant molecule. Morphological features led to variations in metal concentrations across sampling sites, with sheltered bays displaying a higher metal content. Degradation is indicated by a greater DMSO content in the outer leaves. In accordance with the metal content, the bioindicator ratio confirms greater degradation on the south side, which aligns with increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Fattobene
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri-ChIP, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Elisa Santoni
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri-ChIP, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Raffaele Emanuele Russo
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri-ChIP, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Silvia Zamponi
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri-ChIP, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Paolo Conti
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri-ChIP, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Adelmo Sorci
- Laboratorio del Ma.Re, Via A. Vespucci, 71040 Isole Tremiti, FG, Italy
| | - Muhammad Awais
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri-ChIP, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Fuyong Liu
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri-ChIP, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mario Berrettoni
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri-ChIP, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
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Montejano-Ramírez V, Ávila-Oviedo JL, Campos-Mendoza FJ, Valencia-Cantero E. Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds: Insights into Plant Defense. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2013. [PMID: 39124131 PMCID: PMC11314544 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are low molecular weight molecules that tend to evaporate easily at room temperature because of their low boiling points. VOCs are emitted by all organisms; therefore, inter- and intra-kingdom interactions have been established, which are fundamental to the structuring of life on our planet. One of the most studied interactions through VOCs is between microorganism VOCs (mVOCs) and plants, including those of agricultural interest. The mVOC interactions generate various advantages for plants, ranging from promoting growth to the activation of defense pathways triggered by salicylic acid (systemic acquired resistance) and jasmonic acid (induced systemic resistance) to protect them against phytopathogens. Additionally, mVOCs directly inhibit the growth of phytopathogens, thereby providing indirect protection to plants. Among the current agricultural problems is the extensive use of chemicals, such as fertilizers, intended to combat production loss, and pesticides to combat phytopathogen infection. This causes problems in food safety and environmental pollution. Therefore, to overcome this problem, it is important to identify alternatives that do not generate environmental impacts, such as the application of mVOCs. This review addresses the protective effects of mVOCs emitted by microorganisms from different kingdoms and their implications in plant defense pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo Valencia-Cantero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edifico B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (J.L.Á.-O.); (F.J.C.-M.)
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3
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Collart L, Jiang D, Halsey KH. The volatilome reveals microcystin concentration, microbial composition, and oxidative stress in a critical Oregon freshwater lake. mSystems 2023; 8:e0037923. [PMID: 37589463 PMCID: PMC10654074 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00379-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Harmful algal blooms are among the most significant threats to drinking water safety. Blooms dominated by cyanobacteria can produce potentially harmful toxins and, despite intensive research, toxin production remains unpredictable. We measured gaseous molecules in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, over 2 years and used them to predict the presence and concentration of the cyanotoxin, microcystin, and microbial community composition. Subsets of gaseous compounds were identified that are associated with microcystin production during oxidative stress, pointing to ecosystem-level interactions leading to microcystin contamination. Our approach shows potential for gaseous molecules to be harnessed in monitoring critical waterways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Collart
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Duo Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Kimberly H. Halsey
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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4
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Manganelli M, Testai E, Tazart Z, Scardala S, Codd GA. Co-Occurrence of Taste and Odor Compounds and Cyanotoxins in Cyanobacterial Blooms: Emerging Risks to Human Health? Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040872. [PMID: 37110295 PMCID: PMC10146173 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria commonly form large blooms in waterbodies; they can produce cyanotoxins, with toxic effects on humans and animals, and volatile compounds, causing bad tastes and odors (T&O) at naturally occurring low concentrations. Notwithstanding the large amount of literature on either cyanotoxins or T&O, no review has focused on them at the same time. The present review critically evaluates the recent literature on cyanotoxins and T&O compounds (geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol, β-ionone and β-cyclocitral) to identify research gaps on harmful exposure of humans and animals to both metabolite classes. T&O and cyanotoxins production can be due to the same or common to different cyanobacterial species/strains, with the additional possibility of T&O production by non-cyanobacterial species. The few environmental studies on the co-occurrence of these two groups of metabolites are not sufficient to understand if and how they can co-vary, or influence each other, perhaps stimulating cyanotoxin production. Therefore, T&Os cannot reliably serve as early warning surrogates for cyanotoxins. The scarce data on T&O toxicity seem to indicate a low health risk (but the inhalation of β-cyclocitral deserves more study). However, no data are available on the effects of combined exposure to mixtures of cyanotoxins and T&O compounds and to combinations of T&O compounds; therefore, whether the co-occurrence of cyanotoxins and T&O compounds is a health issue remains an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Manganelli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Environment and Health, viale Regina Elena, 299, 00162 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Emanuela Testai
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Environment and Health, viale Regina Elena, 299, 00162 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Zakaria Tazart
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, University of Malta, 2080 Msida, Malta;
| | - Simona Scardala
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Environment and Health, viale Regina Elena, 299, 00162 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Geoffrey A. Codd
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK;
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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5
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Zuo Z. Emission of cyanobacterial volatile organic compounds and their roles in blooms. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1097712. [PMID: 36891397 PMCID: PMC9987517 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1097712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes and one of dominant species in eutrophicated waters, which easily burst blooms in summer with high irradiance and temperature conditions. In response to high irradiance, high temperature, and nutrient conditions, cyanobacteria release abundant of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by up-regulating related gene expression and oxidatively degrading β-carotene. These VOCs not only increase offensive odor in waters, but also transfer allelopathic signals to algae and aquatic plants, resulting in cyanobacteria dominating eutrophicated waters. Among these VOCs, β-cyclocitral, α-ionone, β-ionone, limonene, longifolene, and eucalyptol have been identified as the main allelopathic agents, which even directly kill algae by inducing programmed cell death (PCD). The VOCs released from cyanobacteria, especially the ruptured cells, exhibit repelling effects on the herbivores, which is beneficial to survival of the population. Cyanobacterial VOCs might transfer aggregating information among homogeneous species, so the acceptors initiate aggregation to resist the coming stresses. It can be speculated that the adverse conditions can promote VOC emission from cyanobacteria, which play important roles in cyanobacteria dominating eutrophicated waters and even bursting blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Zuo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-Based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Pozzer AC, Gómez PA, Weiss J. Volatile organic compounds in aquatic ecosystems - Detection, origin, significance and applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156155. [PMID: 35609693 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) include a broad range of compounds. Their production influences a large number of processes, having direct and secondary effects on different fields, such as climate change, economy and ecology. Although our planet is primarily covered with water (~70% of the globe surface), the information on aquatic VOCs, compared to the data available for the terrestrial environments, is still limited. Regardless of the difficulty in collecting and analysing data, because of their extreme complexity, diversification and important spatial-temporal emission variation, it was demonstrated that aquatic organisms are able to produce a variety of bioactive compounds. This production happens in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, evidencing the fundamental role of these metabolites, both in terms of composition and amount, in providing important ecological information and possible non-invasive tools to monitor different biological systems. The study of these compounds is an important and productive task with possible and interesting impacts in future practical applications in different fields. This review aims to summarize the knowledge on the aquatic VOCs, the recent advances in understanding their diverse roles and ecological impacts, the generally used methodology for their sampling and analysis, and their enormous potential as non-invasive, non-destructive and financeable affordable real-time biomonitoring tool, both in natural habitats and in controlled industrial situations. Finally, the possible future technical applications, highlighting their economic and social potential, such as the possibility to use VOCs as valuable alternative source of chemicals and as biocontrol and bioregulation agents, are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caterina Pozzer
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar. 30202, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Perla A Gómez
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar. 30202, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julia Weiss
- Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar. 30202, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain.
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7
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Saha M, Fink P. Algal volatiles - the overlooked chemical language of aquatic primary producers. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:2162-2173. [PMID: 35912802 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Volatiles are important 'infochemicals' that play a crucial role in structuring life on our planet, fulfilling diverse functions in natural and artificial systems. Algae contribute significant quantities to the global budget of volatiles, but the ecological roles of aquatic volatiles are not well understood. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of volatile compounds from freshwater and marine microalgae and marine macroalgae, with a focus on their ecological roles. We highlight the multiple reported functions of biogenic volatiles, ranging from intraspecific communication for reproduction, intra-bloom signalling and antioxidant functions, to various interspecific signal exchanges that may allow herbivores to locate them and function in defence against competitors and predators. Beyond reviewing our current understanding, we specifically highlight major knowledge gaps and emerging questions for algal volatile research. These novel perspectives have the potential to improve our understanding of aquatic ecosystems and thus need to be addressed in future research. Filling these gaps and addressing these questions will facilitate humanity's efforts to exploit aquatic volatiles in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahasweta Saha
- Marine Ecology and Biodiversity, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Patrick Fink
- Department River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre of Environmental Research - UFZ, Brückstrasse 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre of Environmental Research - UFZ, Brückstrasse 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
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8
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Doting EL, Davie-Martin CL, Johansen A, Benning LG, Tranter M, Rinnan R, Anesio AM. Greenland Ice Sheet Surfaces Colonized by Microbial Communities Emit Volatile Organic Compounds. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:886293. [PMID: 35747370 PMCID: PMC9211068 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.886293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted by organisms for a range of physiological and ecological reasons. They play an important role in biosphere–atmosphere interactions and contribute to the formation of atmospheric secondary aerosols. The Greenland ice sheet is home to a variety of microbial communities, including highly abundant glacier ice algae, yet nothing is known about the VOCs emitted by glacial communities. For the first time, we present VOC emissions from supraglacial habitats colonized by active microbial communities on the southern Greenland ice sheet during July 2020. Emissions of C5–C30 compounds from bare ice, cryoconite holes, and red snow were collected using a push–pull chamber active sampling system. A total of 92 compounds were detected, yielding mean total VOC emission rates of 3.97 ± 0.70 μg m–2 h–1 from bare ice surfaces (n = 31), 1.63 ± 0.13 μg m–2 h–1 from cryoconite holes (n = 4), and 0.92 ± 0.08 μg m–2 h–1 from red snow (n = 2). No correlations were found between VOC emissions and ice surface algal counts, but a weak positive correlation (r = 0.43, p = 0.015, n = 31) between VOC emission rates from bare ice surfaces and incoming shortwave radiation was found. We propose that this may be due to the stress that high solar irradiance causes in bare ice microbial communities. Acetophenone, benzaldehyde, and phenylmaleic anhydride, all of which have reported antifungal activity, accounted for 51.1 ± 11.7% of emissions from bare ice surfaces, indicating a potential defense strategy against fungal infections. Greenland ice sheet microbial habitats are, hence, potential sources of VOCs that may play a role in supraglacial microbial interactions, as well as local atmospheric chemistry, and merit future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L. Doting
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Eva L. Doting,
| | - Cleo L. Davie-Martin
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Johansen
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Liane G. Benning
- Interface Geochemistry, German Research Centre for Geosciences, GFZ Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martyn Tranter
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandre M. Anesio
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Alexandre M. Anesio,
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9
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Yang L, Sun J, Yan C, Wu J, Wang Y, Ren Q, Wang S, Ma X, Zhao L, Sun J. Regeneration of duckweed (Lemna turonifera) involves genetic molecular regulation and cyclohexane release. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0254265. [PMID: 34990448 PMCID: PMC8735602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant regeneration is important for vegetative propagation, detoxification and the obtain of transgenic plant. We found that duckweed regeneration could be enhanced by regenerating callus. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanism and the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To gain a global view of genes differently expression profiles in callus and regenerating callus, genetic transcript regulation has been studied. Auxin related genes have been significantly down-regulated in regenerating callus. Cytokinin signal pathway genes have been up-regulated in regenerating callus. This result suggests the modify of auxin and cytokinin balance determines the regenerating callus. Volatile organic compounds release has been analysised by gas chromatography/ mass spectrum during the stage of plant regeneration, and 11 kinds of unique volatile organic compounds in the regenerating callus were increased. Cyclohexane treatment enhanced duckweed regeneration by initiating root. Moreover, Auxin signal pathway genes were down-regulated in callus treated by cyclohexane. All together, these results indicated that cyclohexane released by regenerating callus promoted duckweed regeneration. Our results provide novel mechanistic insights into how regenerating callus promotes regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinge Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Congyu Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junyi Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaya Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuting Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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Kim JH, Didi-Cohen S, Khozin-Goldberg I, Zilberg D. Translating the diatom-grazer defense mechanism to antiparasitic treatment for monogenean infection in guppies. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Ali Babazadeh B, Razeghi J, Jafarirad S, Motafakkerazad R. Are biosynthesized nanomaterials toxic for the environment? Effects of perlite and CuO/perlite nanoparticles on unicellular algae Haematococcus pluvialis. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:899-913. [PMID: 33871747 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The properties of nanomaterials such as perlite nanoparticles and their increased application have raised concerns about their probable toxic impacts on the aquatic ecosystems and algae. Here, a novel biochemical synthesis and immobilization of CuO is reported on perlite nanoparticles (CuO/Per-NPs) and its toxic effect on alga has been compared with nanoperlites. This biosynthesis of CuO/Per-NPs performed using phytochemicals of Haematococcus pluvialis, Sargassum angustifolium, and walnut leaves in the aqueous extract. The structural, morphological, and colloidal properties of the as-synthesized nanoparticles have been confirmed by various methods. According to the obtained results, the morphology of the synthesized CuO/Per-NPs was spherical with sizes ranging from about 13 to 24 nm. Besides, the effects of Per-NPs and CuO/Per-NPs on unicellular algae H. pluvialis were studied. The changes in the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and Carotenoids in the presence of different concentrations of Per-NPs (25, 50, 100 mg/L) were more than CuO/Per-NPs. Also, decreased growth rate and efficiency of photosystem II confirmed the toxic effects of Per-NPs. However, the toxicity of CuO/Per-NPs appears to be lower than that of Per-NPs, which can be due to the changes in the surface and cationic charge of modified nanoperlit. These changes lead to a decrease in the interaction of nanoparticles with H. pluvilalis and a reduction in ROS production. Finally, the results of GC-MS used to evaluate volatile compounds, indicated an increase in the number of phenolic compounds in comparison to the control samples in 25, 50, and 100 mg/L treatments of nano-perlite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Ali Babazadeh
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Razeghi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Saeed Jafarirad
- Research institute of bioscience and biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Li Y, Wang C, Liu H, Su J, Lan CQ, Zhong M, Hu X. Production, isolation and bioactive estimation of extracellular polysaccharides of green microalga Neochloris oleoabundans. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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13
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Salinity Stress Responses and Adaptation Mechanisms in Eukaryotic Green Microalgae. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121657. [PMID: 31861232 PMCID: PMC6952985 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High salinity is a challenging environmental stress for organisms to overcome. Unicellular photosynthetic microalgae are especially vulnerable as they have to grapple not only with ionic imbalance and osmotic stress but also with the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) interfering with photosynthesis. This review attempts to compare and contrast mechanisms that algae, particularly the eukaryotic Chlamydomonas microalgae, exhibit in order to immediately respond to harsh conditions caused by high salinity. The review also collates adaptation mechanisms of freshwater algae strains under persistent high salt conditions. Understanding both short-term and long-term algal responses to high salinity is integral to further fundamental research in algal biology and biotechnology.
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14
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Zuo Z. Why Algae Release Volatile Organic Compounds-The Emission and Roles. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:491. [PMID: 30915062 PMCID: PMC6423058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide spectrum of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released from algae in aquatic ecosystems. Environmental factors such as light, temperature, nutrition conditions and abiotic stresses affect their emission. These VOCs can enhance the resistance to abiotic stresses, transfer information between algae, play allelopathic roles, and protect against predators. For homogeneous algae, the VOCs released from algal cells under stress conditions transfer stress information to other cells, and induce the acceptors to make a preparation for the upcoming stresses. For heterogeneous algae and aquatic macrophytes, the VOCs show allelopathic effects on the heterogeneous neighbors, which benefit to the emitter growth and competing for nutrients. In cyanobacterial VOCs, some compounds such as limonene, eucalyptol, β-cyclocitral, α-ionone, β-ionone and geranylacetone have been detected as the allelopathic agents. In addition, VOCs can protect the emitters from predation by predators. It can be speculated that the emission of VOCs is critical for algae coping with the complicated and changeable aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Chatterjee P, Kanagendran A, Samaddar S, Pazouki L, Sa TM, Niinemets Ü. Inoculation of Brevibacterium linens RS16 in Oryza sativa genotypes enhanced salinity resistance: Impacts on photosynthetic traits and foliar volatile emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:721-732. [PMID: 30031330 PMCID: PMC6354898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The emission of volatiles in response to salt stress in rice cultivars has not been studied much to date. Studies addressing the regulation of stress induced volatile emission by halotolerant plant growth promoting bacteria containing ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase are also limited. The objective of the present study was to investigate the salt alleviation potential of bacteria by regulating photosynthetic characteristics and volatile emissions in rice cultivars, and to compare the effects of the bacteria inoculation and salt responses between two rice genotypes. The interactive effects of soil salinity (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl) and inoculation with Brevibacterium linens RS16 on ACC accumulation, ACC oxidase activity, carbon assimilation and stress volatile emissions after stress application were studied in the moderately salt resistant (FL478) and the salt-sensitive (IR29) rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. It was observed that salt stress reduced foliage photosynthetic rate, but induced foliage ACC accumulation, foliage ACC oxidase activity, and the emissions of all the major classes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including the lipoxygenase pathway volatiles, light-weight oxygenated volatiles, long-chained saturated aldehydes, benzenoids, geranylgeranyl diphosphate pathway products, and mono- and sesquiterpenes. All these characteristics scaled up quantitatively with increasing salt stress. The effects of salt stress were more pronounced in the salt-sensitive genotype IR29 compared to the moderately salt resistant FL478 genotype. However, the bacterial inoculation significantly enhanced photosynthesis, and decreased ACC accumulation and the ACC oxidase activity, and VOC emissions both in control and salt-treated plants. Taken together, these results suggested that the ACC deaminase-containing Brevibacterium linens RS16 reduces the temporal regulation of VOC emissions and increases the plant physiological activity by reducing the availability of ethylene precursor ACC and the ACC oxidase activity under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Chatterjee
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Arooran Kanagendran
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Sandipan Samaddar
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Leila Pazouki
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Tong-Min Sa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia.
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Entrekin SA, Clay NA, Mogilevski A, Howard-Parker B, Evans-White MA. Multiple riparian-stream connections are predicted to change in response to salinization. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 374:20180042. [PMID: 30509922 PMCID: PMC6283969 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary freshwater salinization, a common anthropogenic alteration, has detrimental, lethal and sub-lethal effects on aquatic biota. Ions from secondary salinization can become toxic to terrestrial and aquatic organisms when exposed to salinized runoff that causes periodic high-concentration pulses. Gradual, low-level (less than 1000 ppm salinity) increases in salt concentrations are also commonly documented in regions with urbanization, agriculture, drilling and mining. Despite widespread low-level salt increases, little is known about the biological and ecological consequences in coupled riparian-stream systems. Recent research indicates lethal and even sub-lethal levels of ions can subsidize or stress microbial decomposer and macroinvertebrate detritivores that could lead to alterations of three riparian-stream pathways: (i) salinized runoff that changes microbial decomposer and macroinvertebrate detritivore and algae performance leading to changes in composition and processing of detrital pools; (ii) riparian plant salt uptake and altered litter chemistry, and litterfall for riparian and aquatic detritivores and their subsequent enrichment, stimulating decomposition rates and production of dissolved and fine organic matter; and (iii) salt consumption in salinized soils could increase riparian detritivore growth, decomposition and dissolved organic matter production. Subsidy-stress and reciprocal flows in coupled riparian-stream connections provide frameworks to identify the extent and magnitude of changes in detrital processing from salinization.This article is part of the theme issue 'Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Entrekin
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR 72035, USA
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Natalie A Clay
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
| | | | - Brooke Howard-Parker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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17
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Chen S, Zheng T, Ye C, Huannixi W, Yakefu Z, Meng Y, Peng X, Tian Z, Wang J, Ma Y, Yang Y, Ma Z, Zuo Z. Algicidal properties of extracts from Cinnamomum camphora fresh leaves and their main compounds. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:594-603. [PMID: 30077157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant allelochemicals are considered as the source of effective, economic and friendly-environmental algaecides. To uncover the anti-algal activities of Cinnamomum camphora fresh leaves and their main algicidal agents, we investigated the inhibitory effects of water and methanol extracts from C. camphora fresh leaves on Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cell growth, analyzed the composition of the water and methanol extracts, and determined the main compounds in extracts on the growth of the two algae and their anti-algal mechanism from photosynthetic abilities. Water and methanol extracts from C. camphora fresh leaves can inhibit M. aeruginosa and C. reinhardtii cell growth, and methanol extracts showed stronger inhibitory effects, due to their more compounds and higher molar concentration. There were 23 compounds in the water extracts, mainly including terpenoids, esters, alcohols, and ketones. Compared to the water extracts, 9 new compounds were detected in the methanol extracts, and the molar concentration of total compounds in methanol extracts increased by 1.3 folds. Camphor, α-terpineol and linalool were 3 main compounds in the water and methanol extracts. Their mixture (1: 3: 6) and individual compound showed remarkable inhibition on M. aeruginosa and C. reinhardtii cell growth. The degradation of photosynthetic pigments and the reduction of maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, coefficient of photochemical quenching as well as apparent electron transport rate in C. reinhardtii cells aggravated gradually with increasing the concentration of the mixture and individual compound, while the non-photochemical dissipation of absorbed light energy increased gradually, which led to the decline of photosynthetic abilities. This indicated that camphor, α-terpineol and linalool were 3 main algicidal agents in C. camphora fresh leaf extracts, and they inhibited algal growth by inducing photosynthetic pigment degradation and declining PSII efficiency. Therefore, C. camphora fresh leaf extracts and their main components have potential utilization values as algaecides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silan Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tiefeng Zheng
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chaolin Ye
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wulan Huannixi
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zumulati Yakefu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yiyu Meng
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xin Peng
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhengfeng Tian
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Junhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yuandan Ma
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Youyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhongqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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18
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Zuo Z, Yang L, Chen S, Ye C, Han Y, Wang S, Ma Y. Effects of nitrogen nutrients on the volatile organic compound emissions from Microcystis aeruginosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:214-220. [PMID: 29885617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria release abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can poison other algae and cause water odor. To uncover the effects of nitrogen (N) nutrients on the formation of cyanobacteria VOCs, the cell growth, VOC emission and the expression of genes involving in VOC formation in Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated under different N conditions. With the supplement of NaNO3, NaNO2, NH4Cl, urea, Serine (Ser) and Arginine (Arg) as the sole N source, NaNO3, urea and Arg showed the best effects on M. aeruginosa cell growth, and limited N supply inhibited the cell growth. M. aeruginosa released 26, 25, 23, 27, 23 and 25 compounds, respectively, in response to different N forms, including furans, sulfocompounds, terpenoids, benzenes, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and esters. Low-N especially Non-N condition markedly promoted the VOC emission. Under Non-N condition, four up-regulated genes involving in VOC precursor formation were identified, including the genes of pyruvate kinase, malic enzyme and phosphotransacetylase for terpenoids, the gene of aspartate aminotransferase for benzenes and sulfocompounds. In eutrophic water, cyanobacteria release different VOC blends using various N forms, and the reduction of N amount caused by cyanobacteria massive growth can promote algal VOC emission by up-regulating the gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Silan Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chaolin Ye
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yujie Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Sutong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yuandan Ma
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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19
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Zuo Z, Yang Y, Xu Q, Yang W, Zhao J, Zhou L. Effects of phosphorus sources on volatile organic compound emissions from Microcystis flos-aquae and their toxic effects on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:1283-1298. [PMID: 29264818 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-0055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is diverse phosphorus (P) in eutrophicated waters, but it is considered as a crucial nutrient for cyanobacteria growth due to its easy precipitation as insoluble salts. To uncover the effects of complex P nutrients on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cyanobacteria and their toxic effects on other algae, the VOCs from Microcystis flos-aquae supplied with different types and amount of P nutrients were analyzed, and the effects of VOCs and their two main compounds on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth were investigated. When M. flos-aquae cells were supplied with K2HPO4, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate as the sole P source, 27, 23 and 29 compounds were found, respectively, including furans, sulfocompounds, terpenoids, benzenes, aldehydes, hydrocarbons and esters. With K2HPO4 as the sole P source, the VOC emission increased with reducing P amount, and the maximum emission was found under Non-P condition. In the treatments of M. flos-aquae VOCs under Non-P condition and two main terpenoids (eucalyptol and limonene) in the VOCs, remarkable decreases were found in C. reinhardtii cell growth, photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic abilities. Therefore, we deduce that multiple P nutrients in eutrophicated waters induce different VOC emissions from cyanobacteria, and P amount reduction caused by natural precipitation and algal massive growth results in more VOC emissions. These VOCs play toxic roles in cyanobacteria becoming dominant species, and eucalyptol and limonene are two toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Youyou Yang
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Qinghuan Xu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Wangting Yang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jingxian Zhao
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Lv Zhou
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
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20
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Severo IA, Deprá MC, Barin JS, Wagner R, de Menezes CR, Zepka LQ, Jacob-Lopes E. Bio-combustion of petroleum coke: The process integration with photobioreactors. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Achyuthan KE, Harper JC, Manginell RP, Moorman MW. Volatile Metabolites Emission by In Vivo Microalgae-An Overlooked Opportunity? Metabolites 2017; 7:E39. [PMID: 28788107 PMCID: PMC5618324 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragrances and malodors are ubiquitous in the environment, arising from natural and artificial processes, by the generation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Although VOCs constitute only a fraction of the metabolites produced by an organism, the detection of VOCs has a broad range of civilian, industrial, military, medical, and national security applications. The VOC metabolic profile of an organism has been referred to as its 'volatilome' (or 'volatome') and the study of volatilome/volatome is characterized as 'volatilomics', a relatively new category in the 'omics' arena. There is considerable literature on VOCs extracted destructively from microalgae for applications such as food, natural products chemistry, and biofuels. VOC emissions from living (in vivo) microalgae too are being increasingly appreciated as potential real-time indicators of the organism's state of health (SoH) along with their contributions to the environment and ecology. This review summarizes VOC emissions from in vivo microalgae; tools and techniques for the collection, storage, transport, detection, and pattern analysis of VOC emissions; linking certain VOCs to biosynthetic/metabolic pathways; and the role of VOCs in microalgae growth, infochemical activities, predator-prey interactions, and general SoH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komandoor E Achyuthan
- Nano and Microsensors Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Jason C Harper
- Bioenergy and Defense Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Ronald P Manginell
- Nano and Microsensors Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Matthew W Moorman
- Nano and Microsensors Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
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22
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Xu Q, Yang L, Yang W, Bai Y, Hou P, Zhao J, Zhou L, Zuo Z. Volatile organic compounds released from Microcystis flos-aquae under nitrogen sources and their toxic effects on Chlorella vulgaris. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 135:191-200. [PMID: 27741460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication promotes massive growth of cyanobacteria and algal blooms, which can poison other algae and reduce biodiversity. To investigate the differences in multiple nitrogen (N) sources in eutrophicated water on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cyanobacteria, and their toxic effects on other algal growth, we analyzed VOCs emitted from Microcystis flos-aquae with different types and concentrations of nitrogen, and determined the effects under Normal-N and Non-N conditions on Chlorella vulgaris. M. flos-aquae released 27, 22, 20, 27, 19, 25 and 17 compounds, respectively, with NaNO3, NaNO2, NH4Cl, urea, Ser, Lys and Arg as the sole N source. With the reduction in N amount, the emission of VOCs was increased markedly, and the most VOCs were found under Non-N condition. C. vulgaris cell propagation, photosynthetic pigment and Fv/Fm declined significantly following exposure to M. flos-aquae VOCs under Non-N condition, but not under Normal-N condition. When C. vulgaris cells were treated with two terpenoids, eucalyptol and limonene, the inhibitory effects were enhanced with increasing concentrations. Therefore, multiple N sources in eutrophicated water induce different VOC emissions from cyanobacteria, and reduction in N can cause nutrient competition, which can result in emissions of more VOCs. Those VOCs released from M. flos-aquae cells under Non-N for nutrient competition can inhibit other algal growth. Among those VOCs, eucalyptol and limonene are the major toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghuan Xu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Wangting Yang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Ping Hou
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Jingxian Zhao
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Lv Zhou
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
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23
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Cornejo-Corona I, Thapa HR, Browne DR, Devarenne TP, Lozoya-Gloria E. Stress responses of the oil-producing green microalga Botryococcus braunii Race B. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2748. [PMID: 27957393 PMCID: PMC5144741 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants react to biotic and abiotic stresses with a variety of responses including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may result in programmed cell death (PCD). The mechanisms underlying ROS production and PCD have not been well studied in microalgae. Here, we analyzed ROS accumulation, biomass accumulation, and hydrocarbon production in the colony-forming green microalga Botryococcus braunii in response to several stress inducers such as NaCl, NaHCO3, salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate, and acetic acid. We also identified and cloned a single cDNA for the B. braunii ortholog of the Arabidopsis gene defender against cell death 1 (DAD1), a gene that is directly involved in PCD regulation. The function of B. braunii DAD1 was assessed by a complementation assay of the yeast knockout line of the DAD1 ortholog, oligosaccharyl transferase 2. Additionally, we found that DAD1 transcription was induced in response to SA at short times. These results suggest that B. braunii responds to stresses by mechanisms similar to those in land plants and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette Cornejo-Corona
- Genetic Engineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato , Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Hem R Thapa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , United States
| | - Daniel R Browne
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , United States
| | - Timothy P Devarenne
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , United States
| | - Edmundo Lozoya-Gloria
- Genetic Engineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato , Irapuato , Guanajuato , Mexico
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24
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Effects of NaCl and Na2CO3 stresses on photosynthetic ability of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biologia (Bratisl) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-014-0437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Arakaki M, Takahashi M, Hossain MA, Wada K. Changes in Sugar Content and Antioxidant Activity of Allium Vegetables by Salinity-stress. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.20.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Yokthongwattana C, Mahong B, Roytrakul S, Phaonaklop N, Narangajavana J, Yokthongwattana K. Proteomic analysis of salinity-stressed Chlamydomonas reinhardtii revealed differential suppression and induction of a large number of important housekeeping proteins. PLANTA 2012; 235:649-59. [PMID: 22278608 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the most common abiotic stresses that hamper plant productivity worldwide. Successful plant adaptations to salt stress require substantial changes in cellular protein expression. In this work, we present a 2-DE-based proteomic analysis of a model unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, subjected to 300 mM NaCl for 2 h. Results showed that, in addition to the protein spots that showed partial up- or down-regulation patterns, a number of proteins were exclusively present in the proteome of the control cells, but were absent from the salinity-stressed samples. Conversely, a large number of proteins exclusively appeared in the proteome of the salinity-stressed samples. Of those exclusive proteins, we could successfully identify, via LC-MS/MS, 18 spots uniquely present in the control cells and 99 spots specific to NaCl-treated cells. Interestingly, among the salt-exclusive protein spots, we identified several important housekeeping proteins like molecular chaperones and proteins of the translation machinery, suggesting that they may originate from post-translational modifications rather than from de novo biosynthesis. The possible role and the salt-specific modification of these proteins by salinity stress are discussed.
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