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Luo Y, Yang H, Tao G. Systematic review on fingerprinting development to determine adulteration of Chinese herbal medicines. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155667. [PMID: 38728918 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been a current research hospots using fingerprinting technology for quality control of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs), which provides a scientific basis for establishment of overall quality control in accordance with the characteristics of CHMs. The fingerprinting technology for CHMs is diverse, and the research field covers many disciplines, such as analytical chemistry, pharmacology, pharmaceutics, biochemistry, and molecular biology. PURPOSE To effectively understand the key areas and future directions of research regarding the fingerprint and adulteration of CHMs. METHODS/RESULTS this paper analyzed 879 articles in this field in the Web of Science Core Collection from 2000 to 2023 with CiteSpace and VOSviewer, and systematically assessed the research process, hotspots, topic distribution among disciplines, etc. The most prominent contributors of fingerprint and adulteration of CHMs research are mainly from China, India, the United States, England, and Brazil. The knowledge domains of fingerprint and adulteration of CHMs research focus mainly on the topics of molecular authentication, DNA barcoding, HPLC, near-infrared spectroscopy, manage data, chemometrics, and electrochemical fingerprinting. Most countries have recognized the pharmaceutical potential of natural products, and have paid more attention to the fingerprint and adulteration of CHMs in the past decade. Future the research tends to focus more on molecular identification and authentication, and electrochemical and chromatographic fingerprinting in controlling the adulteration of CHMs. CONCLUSION This research provides a valuable reference for scholars in related fields to analyze existing research results, understand the development trend, and explore new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdi Luo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China; School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Guangcan Tao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China; School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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Sajjan U, Hubballi M, Pandey AK, Devappa V, Maheswarappa HP. Characterizations of Ganoderma species causing basal stem rot disease in coconut tree. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:104. [PMID: 38464612 PMCID: PMC10923766 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03872-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The basal stem rot disease incidence ranged from 0 to 5% in Karnataka India during the year 2019-20. Twenty pathogenic isolates of Ganoderma sp varied with cultural characteristics and virulence on coconut seedlings of the variety Tipatur Tall. The identity of each isolate was confirmed through morphological characters and through ITS sequencing. Two isolates viz., G4 and G5 were identified as Ganoderma applanatum and remaining all isolates were identified as G. lucidum. The genetic diversity analysis of Ganoderma isolates was done using ten Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and fifteen Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers. Among the ten RAPD primers, only eight primers recorded polymorphism (33.30-66.70%). The primer SBS-Q3 exhibited the highest polymorphism of 66.70%. In case of ISSR primers, all primers recorded polymorphism (33.30-60.00%). The primer UBC866 was the most polymorphic primer with 60.0% polymorphism. RAPD and ISSR markers were compared for their efficacy in assessing the genetic diversity by taking the band frequency, Shannon's index, polymorphic information content, resolving power, and mean resolving power into consideration, and it was concluded that ISSR was marker of choice over RAPD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03872-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Sajjan
- University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka 587104 India
| | | | - Abhay K. Pandey
- Department of Mycology and Microbiology, Tea Research Association, North Bengal Regional, R and D Center, Nagrakata, 735225 West Bengal India
| | - V. Devappa
- University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka 587104 India
| | - H. P. Maheswarappa
- Department of Mycology and Microbiology, Tea Research Association, North Bengal Regional, R and D Center, Nagrakata, 735225 West Bengal India
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Upton R. Nomenclature: Herbal Taxonomy in the Global Commerce of Botanicals. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 122:221-260. [PMID: 37392313 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26768-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
In the world trade of medicinal plants, the naming of plants is fundamental to understanding which species are acceptable for therapeutic use. There are a variety of nomenclatural systems that are used, inclusive of common names, Latinized binomials, Galenic or pharmaceutical names, and pharmacopeial definitions. Latinized binomials are the primary system used for naming wild plants, but these alone do not adequately define medicinal plant parts. Each system has its specific applications, advantages, and disadvantages. The topic of medicinal plant nomenclature is discussed broadly by underscoring when and how varying nomenclatural systems should be used. It is emphasized that pharmacopeial definitions represent the only naming system that integrates plant identity, relevant plant parts, and the specific quality metrics to which a material must comply, thus affording the most appropriate identification method available for medicinal plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Upton
- American Herbal Pharmacopoeia, P.O. Box 66809, Scotts Valley, CA, 95067, USA.
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Interspecific hybridization between Ganoderma lingzhi and G. applanatum through protoplast fusion. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:114. [PMID: 34115218 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization between Ganoderma lingzhi and G. applanatum was attempted through polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced fusion technique. The protoplast isolation procedure was simplified, and we obtained a significant number of protoplasts from both Ganoderma species. The number of protoplasts obtained was 5.27 ± 0.31 × 107/mL in G. lingzhi and 5.57 ± 0.49 × 106/mL in G. applanatum. Osmotic stabilizer NaCl (0.4 M) at pH 5.8 and enzymolysis time 3.5 h have supported high frequency of protoplast regeneration. G. lingzhi and G. applanatum regeneration frequency was 1.73 ± 0.04% and 0.23 ± 0.02%, respectively. 40% of PEG induced high number of protoplast fusion the regeneration frequency was 0.09% on a minimal medium. Two hundred fifty-two fusant colonies were isolated from the following four individual experiments. Among them, ten fusants showed the mycelial morphological difference compared to their parents and other fusant isolates. The fruiting body could be generated on oak sawdust and wheat bran substrate, and a few of them showed recombined morphology of the parental strains. The highest yield and biological efficacy (BE) were recorded in GF248, while least in GF244. The hybridity of the fusant was established based on mycelia, fruiting morphology, and PCR fingerprinting. ISSR and RAPD profile analysis of ten fusants and parents depicted that fusants contained polymorphic bands, which specified the rearrangement and deletion of DNA in the fusants. A Dendrogram was constructed based on the RAPD profile, and the clustering data exhibited two major clusters: cluster I included the G. lingzhi and Cluster II, including the G. applanatum and fusant lines. Total polysaccharide (α, β and total glucan) content was compared with fusants and parental strains. The present study highlighted the efficient methods for protoplast isolation from Ganoderma species. PEG-induced fusants showed high polymorphic frequency index, while the phenotypic characters showed high similarity to G. applanatum. A significant difference was observed in the mushroom yield and its total polysaccharide between the fusants and parental strains.
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Du Z, Dong CH, Wang K, Yao YJ. Classification, Biological Characteristics and Cultivations of Ganoderma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1181:15-58. [PMID: 31677139 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9867-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Species of Ganoderma (Ling-zhi) have been widely researched and cultivated due to their highly prized medicinal value, which is famous as a traditional Chinese medicine. The aims of this chapter are to (1) review the historical taxonomy of the family Ganodermataceae, (2) provide an account of the genera and species of Ganoderma together with the distributions and habitats, (3) evaluate morphological features and phylogenetic methods to define the genera and species and (4) present two commonly used cultivated methods (wood-log cultivation and substitute cultivation) for Ganoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Hong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Jian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Zhang C, Mei Z, Cheng J, He Y, Khan MA, Luo P, Imani S, Fu J. Development of SCAR Markers Based on Improved RAPD Amplification Fragments and Molecular Cloning for Authentication of Herbal Medicines Angelica sinensis, Angelica acutiloba and Levisticum officinale. Nat Prod Commun 2015; 10:1934578X1501001. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501001027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular cloning from DNA fragments of improved RAPD amplification of Angelica sinensis, Angelica acutiloba and Levisticum officinale, provided novel sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers A13, A23, Al-34 and Al-0 whose sequences were deposited in the GenBank database with the accession numbers KP641315, KP641316, KP641317 and KP641318, respectively. By optional PCR amplification, the SCAR markers A13 and A23 are Levisticum officinale-specific, whereas the SCAR marker Al-34 is Angelica acutiloba-specific, and the SCAR marker Al-0 is Angelica sinensis-specific. These diagnostic SCAR markers may be useful for genetic authentications, for ecological conservation of all three medicinal plants and as a helpful tool for the genetic authentication of adulterant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- The Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Mei
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yin He
- The Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Md. Asaduzzaman Khan
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Peiyi Luo
- The Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Saber Imani
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Junjiang Fu
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Judicial Authentication Center, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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Pawlik A, Janusz G, Dębska I, Siwulski M, Frąc M, Rogalski J. Genetic and metabolic intraspecific biodiversity of Ganoderma lucidum. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:726149. [PMID: 25815332 PMCID: PMC4359883 DOI: 10.1155/2015/726149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen Ganoderma lucidum strains from different geographic regions were identified using ITS region sequencing. Based on the sequences obtained, the genomic relationship between the analyzed strains was determined. All G. lucidum strains were also genetically characterized using the AFLP technique. G. lucidum strains included in the analysis displayed an AFLP profile similarity level in the range from 9.6 to 33.9%. Biolog FF MicroPlates were applied to obtain data on utilization of 95 carbon sources and mitochondrial activity. The analysis allowed comparison of functional diversity of the fungal strains. The substrate utilization profiles for the isolates tested revealed a broad variability within the analyzed G. lucidum species and proved to be a good profiling technology for studying the diversity in fungi. Significant differences have been demonstrated in substrate richness values. Interestingly, the analysis of growth and biomass production also differentiated the strains based on the growth rate on the agar and sawdust substrate. In general, the mycelial growth on the sawdust substrate was more balanced and the fastest fungal growth was observed for GRE3 and FCL192.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pawlik
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Janusz
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Dębska
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Siwulski
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Frąc
- Department of Plant and Soil System, Laboratory of Molecular and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Agrophysics PAS, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Rogalski
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Mei Z, Zhang C, Khan MA, Zhu Y, Tania M, Luo P, Fu J. Efficiency of improved RAPD and ISSR markers in assessing genetic diversity and relationships in Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels varieties of China. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Cheng J, Long Y, Khan MA, Wei C, Fu S, Fu J. Development and significance of RAPD-SCAR markers for the identification of Litchi chinensis Sonn. by improved RAPD amplification and molecular cloning. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Mei Z, Khan MA, Zeng W, Fu J. DNA fingerprints of living fossil Ginkgo biloba by using ISSR and improved RAPD analysis. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Long Y, Cheng J, Mei Z, Zhao L, Wei C, Fu S, Khan MA, Fu J. Genetic analysis of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in southern China by improved random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR). Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:159-66. [PMID: 25249227 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn., L. chinensis), a type of tree growing in most areas of southern China, produces an edible fruit that is also a source of traditional medicine. Genetic identification of litchi species or cultivars using molecular markers is very important. In this study, a total of six litchi samples from Fujian, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Sichuan province, as well as one wild Dimocarpus confinis (D. confinis) sample from Guangxi province were collected for genetic analysis. The cluster dendrograms were constructed for genetic analysis on the basis of DNA amplification results by RAPD and ISSR. The improved RAPD amplified DNA with consistent and clear banding patterns. A total of 176 bands were found, indicating a 72.7 % polymorphism in L. chinensis DNA samples. Significant genetic distances were found among the different species or cultivars, with an index of similarity coefficient ranging from 0.59 to 0.87. Similar to RAPD results, ISSR analysis of the L. chinensis DNA samples showed a range of 0.70-0.93 similarity coefficients. The genetic distance between Hainan sample and Sichuan samples was the farthest, which is consistent with their geographic distance. Furthermore, the index of similarity coefficient between D. confinis and L. chinensis was 0.35-0.41 by RAPD and 0.38-0.48 by ISSR, indicating that these two species have significant genetic difference. This study reveals the high level of genetic differences between different litchi species or cultivars, and confirms the significance of the improved RAPD method in genetic characterization of organisms. Taken together, the improved RAPD combined with ISSR analysis can be used frequently for the genetic diversity, germplasm resources preservation, molecular-assisted breeding, and genetic characterization of various organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Luzhou Medical College, 3-319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
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