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Long S, Hamilton PB, Dumont HJ, Rong L, Wu Z, Chen C, Guo Y, Tang J, Fan J, Li C, Zhang T. Effect of algal and bacterial diet on metal bioaccumulation in zooplankton from the Pearl River, South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 675:151-164. [PMID: 31026639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The biomagnification of metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) and the metalloid As in aquatic systems is a global health concern. In this study, concentrations of fatty acid biomarkers in zooplankton were analyzed from the Pearl River, South China between September 2016 and July 2017. The objective was to examine how particulate matter, algae and bacteria food sources affect metal bioaccumulation using fatty acid facilitation. In the zooplankton fraction, positive correlations were observed between Pb concentration and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Zn and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (diatoms and Cryptophyceae biomarkers), Fe with Palmitoleic acid (C16:1n-7, diatom marker), and a weak association of Mn with α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3). Cu concentration in the zooplankton increased significantly with an endogenous biotic biomarker Stearic acid (C18:0, bacteria biomarker), while Cd concentrations increased with increasing Oleic acid (C18:1n-9, green alga biomarker) concentration. There was a positive correlation between Cr concentration and the sum of Pentadecylic and Margaric acids (C15:0 + C17:0, bacteria biomarkers). Seven of the nine metals examined showed associations with fatty acids in the zooplankton. The bioaccumulation of Co, Cu, Pb, Fe, Mn and Zn concentration was correlated to the individual biomasses of Brachionus calyciflorus, Filinia longiseta, Schmackeria forbesi, Limnoithona sinenisis, Thermocyclops brevifurcatus, and Diaphanosoma dubium. For selected zooplankton taxa, the algal biomasses of Euglenophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cryptophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae were correlated. Zooplankton were affected by selected species of phytoplankton and bacteria numbers in the Pearl River. These results show that metal accumulation in zooplankton is not only correlated with diet but is also in part, species specific with metal type. Thus, the bioaccumulation or scavenging of metals across trophic levels is a fundamental and complex component of metal cycling in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxing Long
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insects of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, PR China; Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 55001, PR China
| | - Paul B Hamilton
- Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada
| | - Henri J Dumont
- Institute of Animal Ecology, University of Ghent, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Li Rong
- Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 55001, PR China
| | - Zhongxing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 55001, PR China
| | - Yun Guo
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Jinbeng Tang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, College of life Science and Technology, JiNan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Jingjing Fan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, College of life Science and Technology, JiNan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insects of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insects of the Mountainous Region, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, PR China.
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Gutiérrez IB, Mesquita AFC, Nunes C, Coimbra MA, Gonçalves FJM, Marques JC, Gonçalves AMM. Impacts of S-metolachlor and terbuthylazine in fatty acid and carbohydrate composition of the benthic clam Scrobicularia plana. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 173:293-304. [PMID: 30776562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
S-metolachlor (SMOC) and terbuthylazine (TBA) are herbicides that commonly appear as active ingredients (a.i.) in the composition of plant protection products. In a previous work, experimental bioassays were performed using those chemicals to find suitable molecular biomarkers to assess its toxicity to the non-target species Scrobicularia plana. The results obtained showed that the pollutants produce mortality and biochemical changes at the species, namely in protein contents and enzymatic activity levels. Thus, for a better understanding of the total biochemical impacts of those pollutants in S. plana, the composition of fatty acids (FA) and carbohydrates (CH) of the survival organisms are investigated here. In addition, since this species is edible its biochemical profile is directly related to its nutritious quality, which is analysed in this study. Furthermore, the analyses were performed in two types of tissue - the muscle and visceral mass of each survival organism. The greatest changes in FA composition are observable in small size class, being the most sensitive size class both at the toxicological and biochemical level. FA contents are higher in small organisms, both at the field and under laboratory conditions, being the disparity between size classes higher in visceral masses than in muscles. Indeed, muscles adequately represent the FA profile since those molecules appear in higher content in this tissue compared to visceral masses, becoming the better indicator tissue of biochemical changes. Besides, using muscles, less amount of biomass is needed, so it turns out to be the most cost-effective tissue to be used as endpoint in future studies. FA profiles observed at SMOC and TBA exposure are different, organisms from TBA exposure presenting a lower nutritious quality, in terms of FA abundance and diversity, than the organisms exposed to SMOC. Still, SMOC produces reductions of HUFA, essential fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the species. Moreover, HUFA (mostly EPA and DHA) occupied the greatest part of the FA composition of organisms exposed to the control treatments and to TBA; however, the decreases of HUFA caused by the SMOC exposure change the profiles and make SFA the most dominant group. These findings represent a risk of low occurrence of essential fatty acids in entire aquatic environments exposed to the chemicals studied. Regarding CH, glucose is the only monosaccharide found in S. plana which was expected since glycogen is the main polysaccharide in animal tissues. In general, the glucose content increases with a concentration of pollutants, whereas the glycogen concentration decreases, suggesting that the glucose is being released as a response to chemical stress. Thus, this work presents tools to assess biochemical impacts of S-metolachlor and terbuthylazine in aquatic systems and to goes deeper in the knowledge of these pollutants' toxicity to non-target species to predict its propagation through aquatic trophic webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene B Gutiérrez
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | | - Cláudia Nunes
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - João C Marques
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M M Gonçalves
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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