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Brandão MM, de Almeida Vieira F, Neves AGDS, dos Santos RM, de Carvalho D, Menezes EV, de Moreira PA, de Oliveira DA, Júnior AFDM, Royo VDA. Unraveling the genetic diversity of Ceiba pubiflora (Malvaceae) in isolated limestone outcrops: Conservation strategies. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299361. [PMID: 38557644 PMCID: PMC10984428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTFs) located on limestone outcrops are vulnerable to degradation caused by timber logging and limestone extraction for cement production. Some of these forests represent the last remnants of native vegetation cover, functioning as isolated islands. Ceiba pubiflora (Malvaceae) is a tree frequently found on limestone outcrops in the central region of Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and identify suitable populations for the establishment of Management Units (MUs) for conservation. Inter-simple sequence repeat markers were employed to assess the genetic diversity in ten populations sampled from the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest biomes. The species exhibited substantial genetic diversity (HT = 0.345; PLP = 97.89%). Populations SAH, JAN, and MON demonstrated elevated rates of polymorphic loci (> 84.2%) along with notable genetic diversity (He > 0.325). Additionally, these populations were the primary contributors to gene flow. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that most genetic variation occurs within populations (91.5%) than between them. In the Bayesian analysis, the ten populations were clustered into five groups, revealing the presence of at least three barriers to gene flow in the landscape: 1) the Central Plateau or Paranã River valley; 2) near the Espinhaço mountains or the São Francisco River valley; and 3) around the Mantiqueira mountain range, Chapada dos Veadeiros plateau, and disturbed areas. A positive and statistically significant correlation was observed between genetic (θB) and geographic distances (r = 0.425, p = 0.008). Based on these findings, we propose the establishment of Management Units in Minas Gerais state, encompassing the (1) southern region (MIN population), (2) central region (SAH population), and (3) north region (MON population), as well as in Goiás state, covering the (4) Central Plateau region. These units can significantly contribute to preserving the genetic diversity of these trees and protecting their habitat against ongoing threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Malveira Brandão
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Almeida Vieira
- Academic Unit Specialized in Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Abidã Gênesis da Silva Neves
- Academic Unit Specialized in Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Dulcineia de Carvalho
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elytania Veiga Menezes
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Abreu de Moreira
- Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dario Alves de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa de Andrade Royo
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Population genomics of the neotropical palm Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore: Implications for conservation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276408. [PMID: 36327224 PMCID: PMC9632875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore is a palm tree native to Brazil. The products obtained from its leaf extracts are a source of income for local families and the agroindustry. Owing to the reduction of natural habitats and the absence of a sustainable management plan, the maintenance of the natural populations of this palm tree has been compromised. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity and genetic structure of 14 C. prunifera populations using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified through genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to provide information that contributes to the conservation of this species. A total of 1,013 SNP markers were identified, of which 84 loci showed outlier behavior and may reflect responses to natural selection. Overall, the level of genomic diversity was compatible with the biological aspects of this species. The inbreeding coefficient (f) was negative for all populations, indicating excess heterozygotes. Most genetic variations occurred within populations (77.26%), and a positive correlation existed between genetic and geographic distances. The population structure evaluated through discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed low genetic differentiation between populations. The results highlight the need for efforts to conserve C. prunifera as well as its distribution range to preserve its global genetic diversity and evolutionary potential.
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Al-Gharaibeh MM, Hamasha HR, Rosche C, Lachmuth S, Wesche K, Hensen I. Environmental gradients shape the genetic structure of two medicinal Salvia species in Jordan. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2017; 19:227-238. [PMID: 27714972 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental gradients, and particularly climatic variables, exert a strong influence on plant distribution and, potentially, population genetic diversity and differentiation. Differences in water availability can cause among-population variation in ecological processes and can thus interrupt populations' connectivity and isolate them environmentally. The present study examines the effect of environmental heterogeneity on plant populations due to environmental isolation unrelated to geographic distance. Using AFLP markers, we analyzed genetic diversity and differentiation among 12 Salvia spinosa populations and 13 Salvia syriaca populations from three phytogeographical regions (Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian and Saharo-Arabian) representing the extent of the species' geographic range in Jordan. Differences in geographic location and climate were considered in the analyses. For both species, flowering phenology varied among populations and regions. Irano-Turanian and Saharo-Arabian populations had higher genetic diversity than Mediterranean populations, and genetic diversity increased significantly with increasing temperature. Genetic diversity in Salvia syriaca was affected by population size, while genetic diversity responded to drought in S. spinosa. For both species, high levels of genetic differentiation were found as well as two well-supported phytogeographical groups of populations, with Mediterranean populations clustering in one group and the Irano-Turanian and Saharo-Arabian populations in another. Genetic distance was significantly correlated to environmental distance, but not to geographic distance. Our data indicate that populations from moist vs. arid environments are environmentally isolated, where environmental gradients affect their flowering phenology, limit gene flow and shape their genetic structure. We conclude that environmental heterogeneity may act as driver for the observed variation in genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Al-Gharaibeh
- Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - H R Hamasha
- Biology Department, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
| | - C Rosche
- Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Lachmuth
- Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Wesche
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
| | - I Hensen
- Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Siqueira-Silva AI, Pereira EG, Modolo LV, Lemos-Filho JP, Paiva EAS. Impact of cement dust pollution on Cedrela fissilis Vell. (Meliaceae): A potential bioindicator species. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 158:56-65. [PMID: 27243585 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Considering the impacts caused to vegetation in the vicinity of cement factories, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of cement dust on the structural organization and physiological/biochemical traits of Cedrela fissilis leaflets, a woody species native to tropical America. Plants were exposed to 2.5 or 5 mg cm-2 cement dust applied to the leaf surface, to the soil or simultaneously to the leaf surface and the soil.. Leaves of shoot-treated plants exhibited chlorosis, marginal and inter veins necrosis, diminished thickness, epidermal cells less turgid, cellular collapse, obstructed stomata, senescence, rolling and some abscission. In few cases, individual death was recorded. Cement dust-treated plants also presented decreased amount of photosynthetic pigments and iron (Fe) and increase in calcium (Ca) levels. The cement crust formed in leaves surface blocked from 30 to 50% of the incoming light and reduced the stomatal conductance and the potential quantum yield of photosystem II. Control or soil-treated plants did not exhibit morphophysiological changes throughout the experiment. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase increased in leaves of plants upon treatment with 2.5 mg cm(-2) cement dust, independent of the site application. Overall, these results indicate that C. fissilis is highly sensitive to cement dust at the initial stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Advanio Inácio Siqueira-Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Gusmão Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Florestal, 35690-000, Florestal, MG, Brazil
| | - Luzia Valentina Modolo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - José Pires Lemos-Filho
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elder Antonio Sousa Paiva
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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