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Kornhaber R, Pan R, Cleary M, Hungerford C, Malic C. Violence by Burning Against Women and Girls: An Integrative Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:1063-1077. [PMID: 34624204 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211048445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Violence against women and girls by burning is a serious and confronting form of gender-based violence. Often, perpetrators aim to disfigure their victims or cause great pain, rather than kill them. Little is known about the characteristics of females who are subjected to violence by burning. This study aimed to review the literature concerning the prevalence, demographic profile, injury event, contributing factors and health outcomes for women and girls who have experienced burn-related violence. A search across five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and LILACS) was conducted up to April 2021 to identify original peer-review research, with a focus on violence by burning against women and girls. The review was guided by the five-stage approach to integrative reviews developed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005). Fifteen studies were identified. Victims were predominantly married, with low socio-economic status, limited education, and high emotional and financial dependency on their partners or families. Burn injuries were mostly caused by flame or acid, with significant morbidity or high mortality. Motives included family/marital issues or property/financial disputes. This review identified the limited evidence available in the peer-reviewed literature related to burn-related violence against women and girls worldwide. Findings suggest the need for further research to provide a clearer understanding of the complex issues involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kornhaber
- College of Health and Medicine, 3925University of Tasmania, Sydney, AU-NSW, Australia
- National Burns Center, 26744Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Raquel Pan
- Department of Nursing in Hospital Assistance, 74395Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Michelle Cleary
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, 6939CQUniversity, Sydney, AU-NSW, Australia
| | | | - Claudia Malic
- 6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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van Niekerk A, Govender R, Kimemia D. Assault burn injuries in adolescents and adults in South Africa: risk factors and characteristics. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2022; 29:399-405. [PMID: 35473469 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2022.2061517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Assault burns comprise a significant subset of burns, with a greater risk of severe injuries. This South African study used a national dataset from major hospitals to identify risks and injury characteristics of assault burns. The analysis sample comprised 2658 adolescent and adult cases and employed logistic regression with bootstrapping to examine the risk of assault compared to unintentional burns. The study indicates that 17.4% of burns were due to assault. Males were 1.5 times more likely than females to be burn assault victims. Compared to adults 55 years and older, young adults 22-39 years were at greatest risk, followed by youth 13-21 years. Assault injuries were five times more likely due to chemical attacks and three times more likely to scalds than to flame burns. The head, neck and trunk were most affected. Where alcohol was indicated, assault burns were five times more likely than unintentional burns. The findings may indicate the need for targeted prevention strategies such as conflict resolution, alcohol use management and the control of corrosive chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley van Niekerk
- Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.,Masculinity and Health Research Unit, University of South Africa and South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rajen Govender
- Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.,Masculinity and Health Research Unit, University of South Africa and South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David Kimemia
- Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.,Masculinity and Health Research Unit, University of South Africa and South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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Belghith M, Ben Khelil M, Harzallah H, Kebsi D, Zhioua M, Hamdoun M. Pattern of homicidal burns in Northern Tunisia: An autopsy-based study over 15 years (2005-2019). J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:940-946. [PMID: 33522609 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Data about homicidal burns remain scarce. Intentional burns are a challenging situation in the case of an individual found dead in a fire zone with no witness of the fatal act. This study aimed to analyze the victim profiles of homicidal burns in Northern Tunisia. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a retrospective data collection over 15 years (January 2005-December 2019). In total, 60 cases of homicidal burns were collected. The mean age was 40.22 ± 18.1 years (range 4-82 years). We noted a male predominance (sex ratio M/F = 1.3). Most of the victims were married (48.3%), unemployed (40%), and living in an urban area (63.3%). Homicidal burns occurred most frequently in private homes for female victims (80.8%) and in public places for male victims (31.4%) (p < 0.001). The reported motive varied according to the victim's sex; males were mostly assaulted by an acquaintance in an interpersonal conflict (47.1%), and females were mostly assaulted by an intimate partner while in a dispute (42.3%; p = 0.001). The median total body surface area (TBSA) that was burned was 60.4%, and burn injuries were observed mainly in the anterior part of the body. In 19 cases, the burns were associated with another type of trauma, from which the most common association was burning and stab wounds (12 cases). The identified pattern of homicidal burn casualties was similar to the reported data in Western countries and to homicides in general in Tunisia, suggesting that prevention measures should address those of intentional interpersonal violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meyssa Belghith
- Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine, University Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Ben Khelil
- Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine, University Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hana Harzallah
- Faculty of Medicine, University Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dhouha Kebsi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine, University Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mongi Zhioua
- Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine, University Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Hamdoun
- Department of Legal Medicine, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine, University Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Yamamoto R, Toyosaki M, Kurihara T, Sasaki J. Length of hospital stay and mortality associated with burns from assault: a retrospective study with inverse probability weighting analysis. BURNS & TRAUMA 2020; 8:tkaa001. [PMID: 32341915 PMCID: PMC7175759 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Burns resulting from assaults account for considerable morbidity and mortality among patients with burn injuries around the world. However, it is still unclear whether unfavorable clinical outcomes are associated primarily with the severity of the injuries. To elucidate the direct relationship between burns resulting from assaults and mortality and/or length of hospital stays, we performed this study with the hypothesis that burns from assault would be independently associated with fewer hospital-free days than would burns from other causes, regardless of the severity of burn injuries. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study, using a city-wide burn registry (1996-2017) accounting for 14 burn centers in Tokyo, Japan. Patients who arrived within 24 hours after injury were included, and those with self-inflicted burn injuries were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups according to mechanism of burns (assault vs. accident), and the number of hospital-free days until day 30 after injury (a composite of in-hospital death and hospital length of stay) was compared between the groups. To estimate the probability that an injury would be classified as an assault, we calculated propensity scores, using multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for known outcome predictors. We also performed an inverse probability weighting (IPW) analysis to compare adjusted numbers of hospital-free days. Results Of 7419 patients in the registry with burn injuries during the study period, 5119 patients were included in this study. Of these, 113 (2.2%) were injured as a result of assault; they had significantly fewer hospital-free days than did those with burns caused by accident (18 [27] vs. 24 [20] days; coefficient = [Formula: see text]3.4 [[Formula: see text]5.5 to [Formula: see text]1.3] days; p = 0.001). IPW analyses similarly revealed the independent association between assault burn injury and fewer hospital-free days (adjusted coefficient = [Formula: see text]0.6 [[Formula: see text]1.0 to [Formula: see text]0.1] days; p = 0.009). Conclusions Burn from assault was independently associated with fewer hospital-free days, regardless of the severity of burn injuries. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying the relationship should be further studied in a prospective observational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamamoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu Toyosaki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurihara
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Sasaki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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Murphy L, Read D, Brennan M, Ward L, McDermott K. Burn injury as a result of interpersonal violence in the Northern Territory Top End. Burns 2019; 45:1199-1204. [PMID: 30819411 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the demographics, circumstances, burn wound characteristics and current tertiary centre management of interpersonal violence (IPV) burn victims in the Northern Territory Top End. It is anticipated that such knowledge gained will be of benefit to key stakeholders across the spectrum of injury prevention and management in this region. METHODS All adult admissions to the Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH) during 2010-2015 were identified through the Burns Registry of Australia and New Zealand. Demographic and burn characteristics were compared between those classified as IPV and non-IPV. Case note review provided supplementary data for the IPV subset. RESULTS Fifty-three patients met IPV criteria, comprising 7.4% of admissions to the RDH Burn Service. IPV burn victims were 2.3 times more likely to be female than those with non-IPV burn (95% CI: 1.2-4.3), and 17 times more likely to be Indigenous (95% CI: 7.9-35). Approximately half (53%) of IPV burns were classified as family or domestic violence; scalding was the most common mechanism in this group. Ten patients (19%) had incomplete burn care through self-discharge, all identified as Indigenous. Twenty percent of patients had no documented inpatient psychosocial support. CONCLUSIONS Female and Indigenous persons are at increased risk of IPV burn. The challenges of providing care to the IPV burn population extend beyond burn wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Murphy
- Northern Territory Medical Program, Flinders University, Building 4a, Nightingale Road, Royal Darwin Hospital Campus, Tiwi, NT, 0810, Australia; Royal Darwin Hospital, 105 Rocklands Drive, Tiwi, NT, 0810, Australia.
| | - David Read
- Royal Darwin Hospital, 105 Rocklands Drive, Tiwi, NT, 0810, Australia; National Critical Care and Trauma Response Centre, Level 8 Royal Darwin Hospital, 105 Rocklands Drive, Tiwi, NT, 0810, Australia
| | - Margaret Brennan
- Royal Darwin Hospital, 105 Rocklands Drive, Tiwi, NT, 0810, Australia; National Critical Care and Trauma Response Centre, Level 8 Royal Darwin Hospital, 105 Rocklands Drive, Tiwi, NT, 0810, Australia
| | - Linda Ward
- Menzies School of Health Research, P.O. Box 41096 Box 41096, Casuarina, NT, 0811, Australia
| | - Kathleen McDermott
- National Critical Care and Trauma Response Centre, Level 8 Royal Darwin Hospital, 105 Rocklands Drive, Tiwi, NT, 0810, Australia
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