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Shen H, Ma Y, Qiao Y, Zhang C, Chen J, Zhang R. Application of Deferoxamine in Tissue Regeneration Attributed to Promoted Angiogenesis. Molecules 2024; 29:2050. [PMID: 38731540 PMCID: PMC11085206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Deferoxamine, an iron chelator used to treat diseases caused by excess iron, has had a Food and Drug Administration-approved status for many years. A large number of studies have confirmed that deferoxamine can reduce inflammatory response and promote angiogenesis. Blood vessels play a crucial role in sustaining vital life by facilitating the delivery of immune cells, oxygen, and nutrients, as well as eliminating waste products generated during cellular metabolism. Dysfunction in blood vessels may contribute significantly to the development of life-threatening diseases. Anti-angiogenesis therapy and pro-angiogenesis/angiogenesis strategies have been frequently recommended for various diseases. Herein, we describe the mechanism by which deferoxamine promotes angiogenesis and summarize its application in chronic wounds, bone repair, and diseases of the respiratory system. Furthermore, we discuss the drug delivery system of deferoxamine for treating various diseases, providing constructive ideas and inspiration for the development of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Shen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Yane Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Jialing Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Q.); (C.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Ran Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 42 Baiziting, Nanjing 210009, China
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2
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Jiang Z, Wu J, Qiu Y, Shen G. Perfusion Analysis Using High-Definition Indocyanine Green Angiography in Burn Comb Model. J Burn Care Res 2024; 45:373-383. [PMID: 37830308 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) has been widely employed for quantitative evaluation of the rat comb burn model, but the imaging equipment, imaging protocol, and fluorescence data interpretation of ICGA remain unsatisfactory. This study aims to provide better solutions for the application of ICGA in perfusion analysis. The rat comb burn model was established under a series of different comb contact durations, including 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 s. Indocyanine green angiography was used to analyze wound perfusion. In total, 16 rats were divided into ibuprofen and control groups for the burn model, and their perfusion was compared. A total of 16 identical models were divided into standard- and high-dose indocyanine green (ICG) groups, and ICGA was conducted to investigate the dynamic change in wound fluorescence. Escharectomy was performed under real-time fluorescence mapping and navigation. The results showed that a comb contact duration of 30 s was optimum for the burn model. Indocyanine green angiography could accurately evaluate the histologically determined depth of thermal injury and wound perfusion in the rat comb model. Digital subtraction of residual fluorescence was necessary for multiple comparisons of perfusion. Dynamic changes in fluorescence and necrotic tissues were observed more clearly by high-dose (0.5 mg/kg) ICG in angiography. In conclusion, perfusion analysis by ICGA can be used to assess the histologically determined depth of thermal injury and the impact of a specific treatment on wound perfusion. Indocyanine green angiography can help to identify necrotic tissue. The above findings and related imaging protocols lay the foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Jiang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Junqiang Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yunjie Qiu
- Department of Medical Statistics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guoliang Shen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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3
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Palackic A, Jay JW, Duggan RP, Branski LK, Wolf SE, Ansari N, El Ayadi A. Therapeutic Strategies to Reduce Burn Wound Conversion. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070922. [PMID: 35888643 PMCID: PMC9315582 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn wound conversion refers to the phenomenon whereby superficial burns that appear to retain the ability to spontaneously heal, convert later into deeper wounds in need of excision. While no current treatment can definitively stop burn wound conversion, attempts to slow tissue damage remain unsatisfactory, justifying the need for new therapeutic interventions. To attenuate burn wound conversion, various studies have targeted at least one of the molecular mechanisms underlying burn wound conversion, including ischemia, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, generation of reactive oxygen species, hypothermia, and wound rehydration. However, therapeutic strategies that can target various mechanisms involved in burn wound conversion are still lacking. This review highlights the pathophysiology of burn wound conversion and focuses on recent studies that have turned to the novel use of biologics such as mesenchymal stem cells, biomaterials, and immune regulators to mitigate wound conversion. Future research should investigate mechanistic pathways, side effects, safety, and efficacy of these different treatments before translation into clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen Palackic
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (A.P.); (J.W.J.); (R.P.D.); (L.K.B.); (S.E.W.)
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Jayson W. Jay
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (A.P.); (J.W.J.); (R.P.D.); (L.K.B.); (S.E.W.)
| | - Robert P. Duggan
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (A.P.); (J.W.J.); (R.P.D.); (L.K.B.); (S.E.W.)
| | - Ludwik K. Branski
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (A.P.); (J.W.J.); (R.P.D.); (L.K.B.); (S.E.W.)
| | - Steven E. Wolf
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (A.P.); (J.W.J.); (R.P.D.); (L.K.B.); (S.E.W.)
| | - Naseem Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Amina El Ayadi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (A.P.); (J.W.J.); (R.P.D.); (L.K.B.); (S.E.W.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Weiss F, Agua K, Weinzierl A, Schuldt A, Egana JT, Schlitter AM, Steiger K, Machens HG, Harder Y, Schmauss D. A modified burn comb model with a new dorsal frame that allows for local treatment in partial-thickness burns in rats. J Burn Care Res 2022; 43:1329-1336. [PMID: 35259276 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Burn wound progression (BWP) leads to vertical and horizontal injury extension. The "burn comb model" is commonly used, in which a full-thickness burn with intercalated unburned interspaces is induced. We aimed to establish an injury progressing to the intermediate dermis, allowing repeated wound evaluation. Furthermore, we present a new dorsal frame that enables topical drug application. 8 burn field and 6 interspaces were induced on each of 17 rats' dorsa with a 10-second burn comb application. A developed 8-panel aluminum frame was sutured onto 12 animals and combined with an Elizabethan collar. Over 14 days, macroscopic & histologic wound assessment and Laser-Speckle-Contrast-Imaging (LSCI) were performed besides evaluation of frame durability. The 10-second group was compared to 9 animals injured with a full-thickness 60-second model. Frame durability was sufficient up to day 4 with 8 of 12 frames (67%) still mounted. The 60-second burn led to an increased extent of interspace necrosis (p=0.002). The extent of necrosis increased between days 1 and 2 (p=0.001), following the 10-second burn (24%±SEM 8% to 40%±SEM 6%) and the 60-second burn (57%±SEM 6% to 76%±SEM 4%). Interspace LSCI perfusion was higher than burn field perfusion. It earlier reached baseline levels in the 10-second group (on day 1: 142%±SEM 9% vs. 60%±SEM 5%; p<0.001). Within day 1, the 10-second burn showed histological progression to the intermediate dermis, both in interspaces and burn fields. This burn comb model with its newly developed fixed dorsal frame allows investigation of topical agents to treat BWP in partial-thickness burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Weiss
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kariem Agua
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Weinzierl
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Anna Schuldt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jose Tomas Egana
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anna Melissa Schlitter
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yves Harder
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schmauss
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
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5
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Morarasu S, Morarasu BC, Ghețu N, Dimofte MG, Iliescu R, Pieptu D. Experimental models for controlled burn injuries in rats: a systematic analysis of original methods and burn devices. J Burn Care Res 2021; 43:1055-1065. [PMID: 34888684 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Despite a wide variety of models found in literature, choosing the right one can be difficult as many of them are lacking precise methodology. This study aims to analyze and compare original burn models in terms of burn device and technique, parameters, and wound depth assessment. METHODS A systematic search was performed according to PRISMA guidelines on studies describing original experimental burn models in rats. The adapted PICO formula and ARRIVE checklist were followed for inclusion and assessment of quality of studies. Characteristics of animals, burn technique, burn parameters and method of histological confirmation of burn depth were recorded. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were included in the final analysis. Most studies used direct contact with skin for burn infliction (n=20). The rat's dorsum was the most common site (n=18). Ten studies used manually controlled burn devices, while ten designed automatic burn devices with control over temperature (n=10), exposure time (n=5), and pressure (n=5). Most studies (n=7) used a single biopsy taken from the center of the wound to confirm burn depth immediately after burn infliction. CONCLUSION From the wide variety of burn models in current literature, our study provides an overview of the most relevant experimental burn models in rats aiding researchers to understand what needs to be addressed when designing their burn protocol. Models cannot be compared as burn parameters variate significantly. Assessment of burn depth should be done in a standardized, sequential fashion in future burn studies to increase reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Morarasu
- Center of Simulation and Training in Surgery (CSTC), Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.,2nd Department of Surgical Oncology, Regional Oncology Institute, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Bianca-Codrina Morarasu
- Center of Simulation and Training in Surgery (CSTC), Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicolae Ghețu
- Center of Simulation and Training in Surgery (CSTC), Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihail-Gabriel Dimofte
- 2nd Department of Surgical Oncology, Regional Oncology Institute, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Iliescu
- Department of Pharmacology, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Pieptu
- Center of Simulation and Training in Surgery (CSTC), Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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AB569, a Novel, Topical Bactericidal Gel Formulation, Kills Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Promotes Wound Healing in a Murine Model of Burn Wound Infection. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0033621. [PMID: 34424744 PMCID: PMC8519293 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00336-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous thermal injuries from burns/explosives are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and represent a monumental burden on our current health care system. Injury severity is predominantly due to potentially lethal sepsis caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA). Thus, there is a critical need to develop novel and effective antimicrobials for the (i) prevention, (ii) treatment, and (iii) healing of such wounds that are complicated by MDR-P. aeruginosa and other bacterial infections. AB569 is a novel bactericidal tandem consisting of acidified NaNO2 (A-NO2-) and Na2-EDTA. Here, we first show that AB569 acts synergistically to kill all human burn wound strains of P. aeruginosa in vitro. This was found to be due, in part, to the generation of A-NO2--mediated nitric oxide (NO) formation coupled with the metal chelating properties of Na2-EDTA. Using a murine scald burn wound model of P. aeruginosa infection, an AB569-Solosite gel formulation eradicated all bacteria. Futher, we also demonstrate enhanced AB569-mediated wound healing by not only accelerating wound contraction, but also by reducing levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β while increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). We also observed better epidermal restoration in AB569-treated wounds. Taken together, we conclude that this study provides solid foundational evidence that AB569 can be used topically to treat highly problematic dermal insults, including wound, burn, blast, and likely, diabetic infections in civilian and military populations, and help relieve the economical burden that MDR organisms have on the global health care system.
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7
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El Ayadi A, Salsbury JR, Enkhbaatar P, Herndon DN, Ansari NH. Metal chelation attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, and vertical burn progression in a porcine brass comb burn model. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102034. [PMID: 34139550 PMCID: PMC8218731 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation may mediate cellular damage and tissue destruction as the burn wound continues to progress after the abatement of the initial insult. Since iron and calcium ions play key roles in oxidative stress, this study tested whether topical application of a metal chelator proprietary lotion (Livionex Formulation (LF) lotion), that contains disodium EDTA as a metal chelator and methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) as a permeability enhancer, would prevent progression or reduce burn wound severity in a porcine model. We have reported earlier that in a rat burn model, LF lotion reduces thermal injury progression. Here, we used the porcine brass comb burn model that closely mimics the human condition for contact burns and applied LF lotion every 8 h starting 15 min after the injury. We found that LF lotion reduces the depth of cell death as assessed by TUNEL staining and blood vessel blockage in the treated burn sites and interspaces. The protein expression of pro-inflammatory markers IL-6, TNF-a, and TNFα Converting Enzyme (TACE), and lipid aldehyde production (protein-HNE) was reduced with LF treatment. LF lotion reversed the burn-induced decrease in the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-1) expression in the burn sites and interspaces. These data show that a topically applied EDTA-containing lotion protects both vertical and horizontal burn progression when applied after thermal injury. Curbing burn wound conversion and halting the progression of second partial burn to third-degree full-thickness burn remains challenging when it comes to burn treatment strategies during the acute phase. Burn wound conversion can be reduced with targeted treatments to attenuate the oxidative and inflammatory response in the immediate aftermath of the injury. Our studies suggest that LF lotion could be such a targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina El Ayadi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555-0647, USA.
| | - John R Salsbury
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555-0647, USA
| | - Perenlei Enkhbaatar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555-0647, USA
| | - David N Herndon
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555-0647, USA
| | - Naseem H Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555-0647, USA
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Hassett DJ, Kovall RA, Schurr MJ, Kotagiri N, Kumari H, Satish L. The Bactericidal Tandem Drug, AB569: How to Eradicate Antibiotic-Resistant Biofilm Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Multiple Disease Settings Including Cystic Fibrosis, Burns/Wounds and Urinary Tract Infections. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:639362. [PMID: 34220733 PMCID: PMC8245851 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.639362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The life-threatening pandemic concerning multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria is an evolving problem involving increased hospitalizations, billions of dollars in medical costs and a remarkably high number of deaths. Bacterial pathogens have demonstrated the capacity for spontaneous or acquired antibiotic resistance and there is virtually no pool of organisms that have not evolved such potentially clinically catastrophic properties. Although many diseases are linked to such organisms, three include cystic fibrosis (CF), burn/blast wounds and urinary tract infections (UTIs), respectively. Thus, there is a critical need to develop novel, effective antimicrobials for the prevention and treatment of such problematic infections. One of the most formidable, naturally MDR bacterial pathogens is Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) that is particularly susceptible to nitric oxide (NO), a component of our innate immune response. This susceptibility sets the translational stage for the use of NO-based therapeutics during the aforementioned human infections. First, we discuss how such NO therapeutics may be able to target problematic infections in each of the aforementioned infectious scenarios. Second, we describe a recent discovery based on years of foundational information, a novel drug known as AB569. AB569 is capable of forming a "time release" of NO from S-nitrosothiols (RSNO). AB569, a bactericidal tandem consisting of acidified NaNO2 (A-NO2 -) and Na2-EDTA, is capable of killing all pathogens that are associated with the aforementioned disorders. Third, we described each disease state in brief, the known or predicted effects of AB569 on the viability of PA, its potential toxicity and highly remote possibility for resistance to develop. Finally, we conclude that AB569 can be a viable alternative or addition to conventional antibiotic regimens to treat such highly problematic MDR bacterial infections for civilian and military populations, as well as the economical burden that such organisms pose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hassett
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rhett A Kovall
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael J Schurr
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Nalinikanth Kotagiri
- Division of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health Sciences, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Harshita Kumari
- Division of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health Sciences, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Latha Satish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Wang J, Wang CZ, Salsbury JR, Zhang J, Enkhbaatar P, Herndon DN, El Ayadi A, Ansari NH. Thermal injury induces early blood vessel occlusion in a porcine model of brass comb burn. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12457. [PMID: 34127701 PMCID: PMC8203674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn wound progression is an important determinant of patient morbidity and mortality after injury. In this study, we used the brass comb contact burn to determine burn wound vertical injury progression with a focus on blood vessel occlusion and endothelial cell death. Class A 3-month-old Yorkshire pigs received a brass comb contact burn. Burn wounds were sampled at 0, 30 min, 1, 2, 4, and 24 h. Hematoxylin Phloxin Saffron staining and vimentin immunostaining were performed to determine the depth of blood vessel occlusion and endothelial cell death, respectively. The depth of blood vessel occlusion increased by 30 min (p < 0.005) and peaked by 1 to 4 h (p > 0.05). The depth of endothelial cell death risen to a plateau at 30 min (p < 0.005) to 2 h and then peaked at 24 h (p < 0.03). We observed a progression of blood vessel occlusion and vascular endothelial cell death from the middle of the dermis to the hypodermis within 2 h to 4 h after the initial injury, namely a progression from a second-degree (partial thickness) to third-degree (full thickness) burn. These data suggest that therapeutic interventions during this time window may provide a better outcome by reducing or preventing vertical progression of blood vascular occlusion or endothelial cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555-0647, USA
| | - Cheng Z Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555-0647, USA
| | - John R Salsbury
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jianzi Zhang
- School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Perenlei Enkhbaatar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David N Herndon
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Amina El Ayadi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| | - Naseem H Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555-0647, USA.
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10
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The Effects of Systemic Use of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Thermal Injury Progression. Indian J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-021-02771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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11
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Bogue AL, Panmanee W, McDaniel CT, Mortensen JE, Kamau E, Actis LA, Johannigman JA, Schurr MJ, Satish L, Kotagiri N, Hassett DJ. AB569, a non-toxic combination of acidified nitrite and EDTA, is effective at killing the notorious Iraq/Afghanistan combat wound pathogens, multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter spp. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247513. [PMID: 33657146 PMCID: PMC7928478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) and Acinetobacter spp. present monumental global health challenges. These organisms represent model Gram-negative pathogens with known antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming properties. Herein, a novel, nontoxic biocide, AB569, consisting of acidified nitrite (A-NO2-) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), demonstrated bactericidal activity against all Ab and Acinetobacter spp. strains, respectively. Average fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) of 0.25 mM EDTA plus 4 mM A-NO2- were observed across several clinical reference and multiple combat wound isolates from the Iraq/Afghanistan wars. Importantly, toxicity testing on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) revealed an upper toxicity limit of 3 mM EDTA plus 64 mM A-NO2-, and thus are in the therapeutic range for effective Ab and Acinetobacter spp. treatment. Following treatment of Ab strain ATCC 19606 with AB569, quantitative PCR analysis of selected genes products to be responsive to AB569 revealed up-regulation of iron regulated genes involved in siderophore production, siderophore biosynthesis non-ribosomal peptide synthetase module (SBNRPSM), and siderophore biosynthesis protein monooxygenase (SBPM) when compared to untreated organisms. Taken together, treating Ab infections with AB569 at inhibitory concentrations reveals the potential clinical application of preventing Ab from gaining an early growth advantage during infection followed by extensive bactericidal activity upon subsequent exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Bogue
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton (Wright-Patterson Air Force Base), Dayton, OH, United States of America
| | - Warunya Panmanee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Cameron T. McDaniel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Joel E. Mortensen
- Diagnostic Infectious Disease Testing Laboratory and Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Edwin Kamau
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC), Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Actis
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States of America
| | - Jay A. Johannigman
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Schurr
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Latha Satish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Nalinikanth Kotagiri
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children- Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Hassett
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Smith RD, Carney BC, Garg G, Monger KW, Prindeze NJ, Shupp JW, Moffatt LT. Modeling Burn Progression Using Comb Burns: The Impact of Thermal Contact Duration on Model Outcomes. J Surg Res 2020; 260:155-162. [PMID: 33340869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn progression is a phenomenon that remains poorly characterized. The mechanisms of burn conversion are not completely understood, and consequently, both predictive diagnostic tools and interventions are limited. The rat comb burn model is a commonly used approach to study horizontal burn conversion. However, there is significant variability in how the model is performed. Skin contact duration, comb device heating method, comb heating duration, amount of pressure applied, the weight of the comb, and associated depth of burn are all variables that are heterogeneous in studies utilizing the model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, contact duration was examined to determine the impact the duration of burn delivery has on the conversion of interspaces in this model. Data from multiple experiments consisting of 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 45 s comb burns were compiled and assessed. Burns were made using combs heated in a 100°C dry bath and then monitored for 2 d. Interspace viability was assessed by digital and laser doppler imaging and biopsy procurement. RESULTS Laser Doppler Imaging and viable interspace measurements showed that as burn duration increased, the percentage of the viable interspace and interspace perfusion decreased. Additionally, a contact time of 30 s or greater was required to result in 100% interspace conversion. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a need to better characterize and potentially standardize the rat comb burn model to reduce variation and maintain it as a valuable tool for controlled studies of the pathophysiology of burn wound progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Smith
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Bonnie C Carney
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Gaurav Garg
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center and MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kyle W Monger
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nicholas J Prindeze
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center and MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jeffrey W Shupp
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; The Burn Center, Department of Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Lauren T Moffatt
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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13
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El Ayadi A, Wang CZ, Zhang M, Wetzel M, Prasai A, Finnerty CC, Enkhbaatar P, Herndon DN, Ansari NH. Metal chelation reduces skin epithelial inflammation and rescues epithelial cells from toxicity due to thermal injury in a rat model. BURNS & TRAUMA 2020; 8:tkaa024. [PMID: 33033727 PMCID: PMC7530369 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most pervasive complications of burn injury is wound progression, characterized by continuous tissue destruction in untreated wounds, which leads to wound infection, inflammation, oxidative stress and excessive scar formation. We determined whether additional tissue destruction could be attenuated with Livionex formulation (LF) lotion, which contains a metal-chelating agent and reduces inflammation in burn wounds. METHODS We subjected male Sprague Dawley rats to a 2% total body surface area (TBSA) burn using a brass comb model and topically applied LF lotion (containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and methyl sulfonyl methane) to the affected area every 8 hours over 3 days. Inflammatory cytokine levels, cell apoptosis and wound healing were compared in LF lotion-treated and untreated rats. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance in conjunction with Tukey's post-hoc test. RESULTS Serum inflammatory cytokines were not detectable after 3 days, suggesting that small burn wounds induce only an immediate, localized inflammatory response. Microscopy revealed that LF lotion improved burn site pathology. Deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-d-UTP nick-end labeling staining showed reduced cell death in the LF-treated samples. LF lotion prevented the spread of tissue damage, as seen by increased amounts of Ki-67-positive nuclei in the adjacent epidermis and hair follicles. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels in LF-treated skin sections from burned rats were comparable to the levels observed in unburned control sections, indicating that LF lotion reduces inflammation in and around the burn site. CONCLUSIONS These results establish LF lotion as a therapeutic agent for reducing inflammatory stress, cell death and tissue destruction when applied immediately after a burn injury. Further studies of LF lotion on large TBSA burns will determine its efficacy as an emergency treatment for reducing long-term morbidity and scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina El Ayadi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Cheng Z Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Michael Wetzel
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Anesh Prasai
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Celeste C Finnerty
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Perenlei Enkhbaatar
- Department of Anesthesiology, 301 University Blvd., University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - David N Herndon
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Naseem H Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Alda-1, an Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Agonist, Improves Cutaneous Wound Healing by Activating Epidermal Keratinocytes via Akt/GSK-3β/β-Catenin Pathway. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020; 44:993-1005. [PMID: 31953581 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cutaneous wound healing process mainly comprises re-epithelialization, fibrosis, and neovascularization. Impaired wound healing is common but tricky in plastic surgery. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), the most effective subset of the ALDH enzyme family, is known to exert a major role in detoxification of aldehydes. Activation of ALDH2 by Alda-1 (a specific agonist) has been found to protect against cardiovascular diseases. However, no research has paid attention to the potential of ALDH2 activation in regulating wound healing. The previous studies suggested a high expression of ALDH2 in normal skin tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate if Alda-1 may ameliorate wound healing. METHODS A full-thickness excisional wound model was established in vivo. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into DMSO and Alda-1 groups. Mice received an intraperitoneal injection of DMSO or 10 mg/mL Alda-1 (10 mg/kg body weight, dissolved in DMSO) for 7 days. The wound healing rate was measured at 0, 3, 5, and 7 days. Distribution of ALDH2 in wound tissue was showed. ALDH2 enzymatic activity was examined at 3, 5, and 7 days. The elongation of epithelial tongue was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and collagen deposition was analyzed by Masson's trichrome staining at 7 days. Expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), CD31, collagen 1, collagen 3, and elastin were stained by immunohistochemistry at 5 and 7 days. The HaCaT cell line was applied in vitro. Proliferation and migration were tested using CCK8 and wound healing assay separately. The level of TGF-β was examined by ELISA. Protein levels of the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3 beta)/beta-catenin pathway were determined by western blotting. RESULTS Alda-1 accelerated wound healing rates. ALDH2 activity in wound sites was restored. Alda-1 promoted the length of the epithelial tongue, collagen deposition, as well as expressions of alpha-SMA, TGF-beta, collagen 1/3, elastin, but did not affect CD31. Proliferation, migration, and TGF-β secretion were promoted by Alda-1 and deregulated by CVT-10216 (an ALDH2 inhibitor). Protein variations of the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway were found to accord with ALDH2 changes. CONCLUSIONS Alda-1, an ALDH2 agonist, improves cutaneous wound healing in a full-thickness excisional wound model. Alda-1 activates proliferation, migration, and TGF-β secretion of HaCaT (epidermal keratinocytes) by regulating the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Dalisson B, Barralet J. Bioinorganics and Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900764. [PMID: 31402608 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wound dressings and the healing enhancement (increasing healing speed and quality) are two components of wound care that lead to a proper healing. Wound care today consists mostly of providing an optimal environment by removing waste and necrotic tissues from a wound, preventing infections, and keeping the wounds adequately moist. This is however often not enough to re-establish the healing process in chronic wounds; with the local disruption of vascularization, the local environment is lacking oxygen, nutrients, and has a modified ionic and molecular concentration which limits the healing process. This disruption may affect cellular ionic pumps, energy production, chemotaxis, etc., and will affect the healing process. Biomaterials for wound healing range from simple absorbents to sophisticated bioactive delivery vehicles. Often placing a material in or on a wound can change multiple parameters such as pH, ionic concentration, and osmolarity, and it can be challenging to pinpoint key mechanism of action. This article reviews the literature of several inorganic ions and molecules and their potential effects on the different wound healing phases and their use in new wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jake Barralet
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill University Montreal H3A 1G1 QC Canada
- Division of OrthopaedicsDepartment of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMcGill University Montreal H4A 0A9 QC Canada
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Hamblin MR. Novel pharmacotherapy for burn wounds: what are the advancements. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:305-321. [PMID: 30517046 PMCID: PMC6364296 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1551880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognosis for severe burns has improved significantly over the past 50 years. Meanwhile, burns have become an affliction mainly affecting the less well-developed regions of the world. Early excision and skin grafting has led to major improvements in therapeutic outcomes. AREAS COVERED The purpose of this article is to survey the use of pharmacotherapy to treat different pathophysiological complications of burn injury. The author, herein, discusses the use of drug treatments for a number of systemic metabolic disturbances including hyperglycemia, elevated catabolism, and gluconeogenesis. EXPERT OPINION Advancements in personalized and molecular medicine will make an impact on burn therapy. Similarities between severe burns and other critically ill patients will lead to cross-fertilization between different medical specialties. Furthermore, advances in stem cells and tissue regeneration will lead to improved healing and less lifelong disability. Indeed, research in new drug therapy for burns is actively progressing for many different complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- a Wellman Center for Photomedicine , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
- b Department of Dermatology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
- c Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
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Evaluation of the wound healing potential of Aloe vera-based extract of Nerium oleander. North Clin Istanb 2017; 4:205-212. [PMID: 29270567 PMCID: PMC5724913 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2017.94914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae) and Aloe vera (Liliaceae) are among the widely used herbal remedies for treating skin diseases and possess numerous activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible wound healing effect of Aloev era-based extract of the N. oleander leaf (NAE-8®) based on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and DNA repair capacity along with histological changes and to compare them with the traditional silver sulfadiazine treatment (SSD). METHODS Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were randomly grouped as follows: i) control, ii) burn alone (burn), iii) burn with topical NAE-8® (burn+NAE-8®) treatment, and iv) burn with topical 1% silver sulfadiazine (burn+SSD) treatment. All groups received their related topical application twice a day for 14 consecutive days. Upon completion of the experimental protocol, trunk blood and skin tissues were collected for measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), %DNA in the tail (%DNAT) levels along with histological examinations. RESULTS Thermal injury-induced alterations in MDA, GSH, MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and %DNAT levels were significantly reversed by NAE-8® treatment. These ameliorative effects were also supported by histological findings. CONCLUSION Findings of the present study suggest that NAE-8® is a promising remedy for treating skin burn injury.
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Design and Testing of an Experimental Steam-Induced Burn Model in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9878109. [PMID: 29159185 PMCID: PMC5660770 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9878109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Most of the current models for experimental burns pose difficulties in ensuring consistency and standardization. Aim of Study We aimed to develop an automated, reproducible technique for experimental burns using steam-based heat transfer. Methods The system developed for steam exposure was based on a novel, integrated, computer-controlled design. Three groups of rats were exposed to steam for 1, 3, and 7 seconds. The lesions were evaluated after 20 minutes, 48 hours, and 72 hours after burn induction. Results One-second steam application produced a superficial second-degree burn; three-second application induced deep second-degree burn; and seven-second application led to a third-degree burn. Conclusion The high level of automation of our integrated, computer-controlled system makes the difference between our system and other models, by ensuring the control of the duration of exposure, temperature, and pressure and eliminating as many potential human generated errors as possible. The automated system can accurately reproduce specific types of burns, according to histological assessment. This model could generate the reproducible data needed in the study of burn pathology and in order to assess new treatments.
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The P50 Research Center in Perioperative Sciences: How the investment by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences in team science has reduced postburn mortality. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 83:532-542. [PMID: 28697015 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the inception of the P50 Research Center in Injury and Peri-operative Sciences (RCIPS) funding mechanism, the National Institute of General Medical Sciences has supported a team approach to science. Many advances in critical care, particularly burns, have been driven by RCIPS teams. In fact, burns that were fatal in the early 1970s, prior to the inception of the P50 RCIPS program, are now routinely survived as a result of the P50-funded research. The advances in clinical care that led to the reduction in postburn death were made by optimizing resuscitation, incorporating early excision and grafting, bolstering acute care including support for inhalation injury, modulating the hypermetabolic response, augmenting the immune response, incorporating aerobic exercise, and developing antiscarring strategies. The work of the Burn RCIPS programs advanced our understanding of the pathophysiologic response to burn injury. As a result, the effects of a large burn on all organ systems have been studied, leading to the discovery of persistent dysfunction, elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms, and identification of potential therapeutic targets. Survival and subsequent patient satisfaction with quality of life have increased. In this review article, we describe the contributions of the Galveston P50 RCIPS that have changed postburn care and have considerably reduced postburn mortality.
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Butawan M, Benjamin RL, Bloomer RJ. Methylsulfonylmethane: Applications and Safety of a Novel Dietary Supplement. Nutrients 2017; 9:E290. [PMID: 28300758 PMCID: PMC5372953 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) has become a popular dietary supplement used for a variety of purposes, including its most common use as an anti-inflammatory agent. It has been well-investigated in animal models, as well as in human clinical trials and experiments. A variety of health-specific outcome measures are improved with MSM supplementation, including inflammation, joint/muscle pain, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity. Initial evidence is available regarding the dose of MSM needed to provide benefit, although additional work is underway to determine the precise dose and time course of treatment needed to provide optimal benefits. As a Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) approved substance, MSM is well-tolerated by most individuals at dosages of up to four grams daily, with few known and mild side effects. This review provides an overview of MSM, with details regarding its common uses and applications as a dietary supplement, as well as its safety for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Butawan
- Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research, School of Health Studies, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | | | - Richard J Bloomer
- Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research, School of Health Studies, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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