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Ahmadi TS, Behrouz B, Mousavi Gargari SL. Polyclonal anti-whole cell IgY passive immunotherapy shields against P. aeruginosa-induced acute pneumonia and burn wound infections in murine models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:405. [PMID: 38172232 PMCID: PMC10764880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) opportunistic pathogen causing severe hospital-, and community-acquired infections worldwide. Thus, the development of effective immunotherapy-based treatments is essential to combat the MDR-PA infections. In the current study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of polyclonal avian antibodies raised against inactivated whole cells of the PAO1 strain in murine models of acute pneumonia and burn wound. The efficacy of generated antibodies was evaluated against different PA strains through several in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments. The results showed that the anti-PAO1-IgY effectively reduced the motility, biofilm formation and cell internalization ability, and enhanced the opsonophagocytic killing of PA strains through the formation of immobilized bacteria and induction of increased cell surface hydrophobicity. Furthermore, immunotherapy with anti-PAO1-IgY completely protected mice against all PA strains in both acute pneumonia and burn wound murine models. It was found to reduce the bacterial loads in infected burned mice through interfering with virulence factors that play vital roles in the early stages of PA infection, such as colonization and cell internalization. The immunotherapy with anti-PAO1-IgYs could be instrumental in developing effective therapies aimed at reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with PA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Sadat Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Tehran, 3319118651, Iran
| | - Bahador Behrouz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Tehran, 3319118651, Iran
| | - Seyed Latif Mousavi Gargari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Express Way, Tehran, 3319118651, Iran.
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Korpi F, Irajian G, Forouhi F, Mohammadian T. A chimeric vaccine targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors protects mice against lethal infection. Microb Pathog 2023; 178:106033. [PMID: 36813005 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important and hazardous nosocomial pathogen in respiratory tract infections and rapidly achieves antibiotic resistance, so it is necessary to develop an effective vaccine to combat the infection. The Type III secretion system (T3SS) protein P. aeruginosa V-antigen (PcrV), outer membrane protein F (OprF), and two kinds of flagellins (FlaA and FlaB) all play important roles in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa lung infection and its spread into deeper tissues. In a mouse acute pneumonia model, the protective effects of a chimer vaccine including PcrV, FlaA, FlaB, and OprF (PABF) protein were investigated. PABF immunization prompted robust opsonophagocytic titer of IgG antibodies and decreased bacterial burden, and improved survival afterward intranasal challenge with ten times 50% lethal doses (LD50) of P. aeruginosa strains, indicating its broad-spectrum immunity. Moreover, these findings showed a promise chimeric vaccine candidate to treat and control P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Korpi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University Shahre Qods Branch, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Irajian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University Shahre Qods Branch, Iran; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Forouhi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University Shahre Qods Branch, Iran
| | - Taher Mohammadian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University Shahre Qods Branch, Iran
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3
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 outer membrane vesicles-diphtheria toxoid conjugate as a vaccine candidate in a murine burn model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22324. [PMID: 36566282 PMCID: PMC9789887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen considered a common cause of nosocomial infection with high morbidity and mortality in burn patients. Immunoprophylaxis techniques may lower the mortality rate of patients with burn wounds infected by P. aeruginosa; consequently, this may be an efficient strategy to manage infections caused by this bacterium. Several pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria like P. aeruginosa release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), and structurally OMV consists of several antigenic components capable of generating a wide range of immune responses. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of P. aeruginosa PA-OMVs (PA-OMVs) conjugated with the diphtheria toxoid (DT) formulated with alum adjuvant (PA-OMVs-DT + adj) in a mice model of burn wound infection. ELISA results showed that in the group of mice immunized with PA-OMVs-DT + adj conjugated, there was a significant increase in specific antibodies titer compared to non-conjugated PA-OMVs or control groups. In addition, the vaccination of mice with PA-OMVs-DT + adj conjugated generated greater protective effectiveness, as seen by lower bacterial loads, and eightfold decreased inflammatory cell infiltration with less tissue damage in the mice burn model compared to the control group. The opsonophagocytic killing results confirmed that humoral immune response might be critical for PA-OMVs mediated protection. These findings suggest that PA-OMV-DT conjugated might be used as a new vaccine against P. aeruginosa in burn wound infection.
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Facciolà A, Visalli G, Laganà A, Di Pietro A. An Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050819. [PMID: 35632575 PMCID: PMC9147349 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinations are one of the most important preventive tools against infectious diseases. Over time, many different types of vaccines have been developed concerning the antigen component. Adjuvants are essential elements that increase the efficacy of vaccination practises through many different actions, especially acting as carriers, depots, and stimulators of immune responses. For many years, few adjuvants have been included in vaccines, with aluminium salts being the most commonly used adjuvant. However, recent research has focused its attention on many different new compounds with effective adjuvant properties and improved safety. Modern technologies such as nanotechnologies and molecular biology have forcefully entered the production processes of both antigen and adjuvant components, thereby improving vaccine efficacy. Microparticles, emulsions, and immune stimulators are currently in the spotlight for their huge potential in vaccine production. Although studies have reported some potential side effects of vaccine adjuvants such as the recently recognised ASIA syndrome, the huge worth of vaccines remains unquestionable. Indeed, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of vaccines, especially in regard to managing future potential pandemics. In this field, research into adjuvants could play a leading role in the production of increasingly effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Facciolà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Antonio Laganà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
- Multi-Specialist Clinical Institute for Orthopaedic Trauma Care (COT), 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
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Khaledi M, Afkhami H, Matouri RN, Dezfuli AAZ, Bakhti S. Effective Strategies to Deal With Infection in Burn Patient. J Burn Care Res 2021; 43:931-935. [PMID: 34935044 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of bacterial infection is difficult. Treatment protocol of burned patient is hard. Furthermore, treatment in burned patients is accompanied with problems such as complexity in diagnosis of infection's agent, multiple infections, being painful, and involving with different organelles. There are different infections of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in burned patients. From important bacteria can be noted to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus that have high range of morbidity and mortality. Treatment of those bacterial infections is extremely important. Hence, many studies about methods of treatment of bacterial infections have published. Herein, we have suggested practical methods for example ant virulence therapies, nanotechnology, vaccine, and photodynamic therapy in treatment of bacterial infections. Those methods have been done in many researches and had good effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Khaledi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raed Nezhad Matouri
- Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahriar Bakhti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Sainz-Mejías M, Jurado-Martín I, McClean S. Understanding Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Host Interactions: The Ongoing Quest for an Efficacious Vaccine. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122617. [PMID: 33291484 PMCID: PMC7762141 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of chronic respiratory infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchiectasis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute infections in immunocompromised individuals. The adaptability of this opportunistic pathogen has hampered the development of antimicrobial therapies, and consequently, it remains a major threat to public health. Due to its antimicrobial resistance, vaccines represent an alternative strategy to tackle the pathogen, yet despite over 50 years of research on anti-Pseudomonas vaccines, no vaccine has been licensed. Nevertheless, there have been many advances in this field, including a better understanding of the host immune response and the biology of P. aeruginosa. Multiple antigens and adjuvants have been investigated with varying results. Although the most effective protective response remains to be established, it is clear that a polarised Th2 response is sub-optimal, and a mixed Th1/Th2 or Th1/Th17 response appears beneficial. This comprehensive review collates the current understanding of the complexities of P. aeruginosa-host interactions and its implication in vaccine design, with a view to understanding the current state of Pseudomonal vaccine development and the direction of future efforts. It highlights the importance of the incorporation of appropriate adjuvants to the protective antigen to yield optimal protection.
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Fakoor MH, Mousavi Gargari SL, Owlia P, Sabokbar A. Protective Efficacy of the OprF/OprI/PcrV Recombinant Chimeric Protein Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Burned BALB/c Mouse Model. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:1651-1661. [PMID: 32606816 PMCID: PMC7294051 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s244081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is the major cause of death in burn patients. Thus, in this study, a chimeric vaccine harboring the OprF185–350–OprI22–83–PcrV was designed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The immunogenicity of the recombinant chimer, OprI, OprF, and PcrV was studied in a burned mouse model. Methodology Recombinant proteins including the proposed chimer, OprF, OprI, and PcrV were expressed in the E.coli. Mice were immunized with the purified recombinant proteins, and the antibody titre was estimated in the sera obtained from immunized mice. Immunized and control mice were challenged with 2, 5, and 10xLD50 of the P. aeruginosa strains (PAO1, PAK, and R5), and microbial counts were measured in the skin, liver, spleen, and kidney of the studied mice. Results Results showed that the antibody titre (total IgG) was significantly increased by injection of 10 μg of chimeric protein in the experimental groups compared to the control groups. The antibody survival titre was high until 235 days after administration of the second booster. The survival rate of the mice infected with 10xLD50 was significantly increased and the number of bacteria was reduced, especially in the internal organs (kidney, spleen, and liver) compared to the mice immunized with any of the OprF, OprI, and PcrV proteins alone. Conclusion The findings of our study revealed that the chimeric protein is a promising vaccine candidate for control of the P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Parviz Owlia
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azar Sabokbar
- Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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Rapid and Broad Immune Efficacy of a Recombinant Five-Antigen Vaccine against Staphylococcus Aureus Infection in Animal Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010134. [PMID: 32197534 PMCID: PMC7157245 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a leading cause of both healthcare-and community-associated infections globally, which result in severe disease and readily developing antibiotic resistance. Developing an efficacious vaccine against S. aureus is urgently required. In the present study, we selected five conserved antigens, including the secreted factors α-hemolysin (Hla), staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and the three surface proteins staphylococcal protein A (SpA), iron surface determinant B N2 domain (IsdB-N2) and manganese transport protein C (MntC). They were all well-characterized virulence factor of S. aureus and developed a recombinant five-antigen S. aureus vaccine (rFSAV), rFSAV provided consistent protection in S. aureus lethal sepsis and pneumonia mouse models, and it showed broad immune protection when challenged with a panel of epidemiologically relevant S. aureus strains. Meanwhile, rFSAV immunized mice were able to induce comprehensive cellular and humoral immune responses to reduce bacterial loads, inflammatory cytokine expression, inflammatory cell infiltration and decrease pathology after challenge with a sub-lethal dose of S. aureus. Moreover, the importance of specific antibodies in protection was demonstrated by antibody function tests in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our data demonstrate that rFSAV is a potentially promising vaccine candidate for defensing against S. aureus infection.
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Baker SM, McLachlan JB, Morici LA. Immunological considerations in the development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:412-418. [PMID: 31368828 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1650999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen capable of causing a wide range of potentially life-threatening infections. With multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa infections on the rise, the need for a rationally-designed vaccine against this pathogen is critical. A number of vaccine platforms have shown promising results in pre-clinical studies, but no vaccine has successfully advanced to licensure. Growing evidence suggests that an effective P. aeruginosa vaccine may require Th17-type CD4+ T cells to prevent infection. In this review, we summarize recent pre-clinical studies of P. aeruginosa vaccines, specifically focusing on those that induce Th17-type cellular immunity. We also highlight the importance of adjuvant selection and immunization route in vaccine design in order to target vaccine-induced immunity to infected tissues. Advances in cellular immunology and adjuvant biology may ultimately influence better P. aeruginosa vaccine platforms that can protect targeted human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Baker
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - James B McLachlan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lisa A Morici
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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10
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Hashemi FB, Behrouz B, Irajian G, Laghaei P, Korpi F, Fatemi MJ. A trivalent vaccine consisting of "flagellin A+B and pilin" protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a murine burn model. Microb Pathog 2019; 138:103697. [PMID: 31465785 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common nosocomial pathogen in burn patients, and rapidly achieves antibiotic resistance, and thus, developing an effective vaccine is critically important for combating P. aeruginosa infection. Flagella and pili play important roles in colonization of P. aeruginosa at the burn wound site and its subsequent dissemination to deeper tissue and organs. In the present study, we evaluated protective efficacy of a trivalent vaccine containing flagellins A and B (FlaA + FlaB) + pilin (PilA) in a murine burn model of infection. "FlaA + FlaB + PilA" induced greater protection in P. aeruginosa murine burn model than the single components alone, and it showed broad immune protection against P. aeruginosa strains. Immunization with "FlaA + FlaB + PilA" induced strong opsonophagocytic antibodies and resulted in reduced bacterial loads, systemic IL-12/IL-10 cytokine expression, and increased survival after challenge with three times lethal dose fifty (LD50) of P. eruginosa strains. Moreover, the protective efficacy of "FlaA + FlaB + PilA" vaccination was largely attributed to specific antibodies. Taken together, these data further confirm that the protective effects of "FlaA + FlaB + PilA" vaccine significantly enhance efficacy compared with antibodies against either mono or divalent antigen, and that the former broadens the coverage against P. eruginosa strains that express two of the three antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad B Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahador Behrouz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Burn Research Center, Hazrat Fatima Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Irajian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Laghaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Korpi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Fatemi
- Burn Research Center, Hazrat Fatima Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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DNA vaccine encoding OmpA and Pal from Acinetobacter baumannii efficiently protects mice against pulmonary infection. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5397-5408. [PMID: 31342294 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections in the lungs, blood, and brain in critically ill hospital patients, resulting in considerable mortality rates every year. Due to the rapid appearance of multi-drug resistance or even pan-drug resistance isolates, it is becoming more and more difficult to cure A. baumannii infection by traditional antibiotic treatment, alternative strategies are urgently required to combat A. baumannii infection. In this study, we developed a DNA vaccine encoding two antigens from A. baumannii, OmpA and Pal, and the immunogenicity and protective efficacy was further evaluated. The results showed that the DNA vaccine exhibited significant immune protective efficacy against acute A. baumannii infection in a mouse pneumonia model, and cross protective efficacy was observed when immunized mice were challenged with clinical strains of A. baumannii. DNA vaccine immunization induced high level of humoral response and a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 cellular response, which protect against lethal bacterial challenges by decreased bacterial loads and pathology in the lungs, and reduced level of inflammatory cytokines expression and inflammatory cell infiltration in BALF. These results demonstrated that it is possible to prevent A. baumannii infection by DNA vaccine and both OmpA and Pal could be serve as promising candidate antigens.
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Hoggarth A, Weaver A, Pu Q, Huang T, Schettler J, Chen F, Yuan X, Wu M. Mechanistic research holds promise for bacterial vaccines and phage therapies for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:909-924. [PMID: 30936684 PMCID: PMC6431001 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s189847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines for Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been of longstanding interest to immunologists, bacteriologists, and clinicians, due to the widespread prevalence of hospital-acquired infection. As P. aeruginosa becomes increasingly antibiotic resistant, there is a dire need for novel treatments and preventive vaccines. Despite intense efforts, there currently remains no vaccine on the market to combat this dangerous pathogen. This article summarizes current and past vaccines under development that target various constituents of P. aeruginosa. Targeting lipopolysaccharides and O-antigens have shown some promise in preventing infection. Recombinant flagella and pili that target TLR5 have been utilized to combat P. aeruginosa by blocking its motility and adhesion. The type 3 secretion system components, such as needle-like structure PcrV or exotoxin PopB, are also potential vaccine targets. Outer membrane proteins including OprF and OprI are newer representatives of vaccine candidates. Live attenuated vaccines are a focal point in this review, and are also considered for novel vaccines. In addition, phage therapy is revived as an effective option for treating refractory infections after failure with antibiotic treatment. Many of the aforementioned vaccines act on a single target, thus lacking a broad range of protection. Recent studies have shown that mixtures of vaccines and combination approaches may significantly augment immunogenicity, thereby increasing their preventive and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Hoggarth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA,
| | - Andrew Weaver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA,
| | - Qinqin Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA,
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA, .,Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jacob Schettler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA,
| | - Feng Chen
- Pulmonary and Allergy Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Southwestern Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiefang Yuan
- Pulmonary and Allergy Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Southwestern Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA,
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Immunization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane vesicles stimulates protective immunity in mice. Vaccine 2018; 36:1047-1054. [PMID: 29406241 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide range of severe nosocomial and community acquired infections, these infections are major health problems for cystic fibrosis patients and immune-compromised individuals. The emergence of multidrug-resistant isolates highlights the need to develop alternative strategies for treatment of P. aeruginosa infections. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical nanometer-sized proteolipids that are secreted from numerous of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, and a number of studies have confirmed the protective efficacy for use of OMVs as candidate vaccines. In this study, OMVs from P. aeruginosa (PA_OMVs) were isolated, formulated with aluminum phosphate adjuvant and used as a vaccine in a mouse model of acute lung infection. The results confirmed that active immunization with PA_OMVs was able to reduce bacterial colonization, cytokine secretion and tissue damage in the lung tissue, thus protecting mice from lethal challenge of P. aeruginosa. Cytokines assay validated that immunization with PA_OMVs was efficient to induce a mixed cellular immune response in mice. Further, high level of specific antibodies was detected in mice immunized with PA_OMVs, and results from opsonophagocytic killing assay and passive immunization suggested that humoral immune response may be critical for PA_OMVs mediated protection. These findings demonstrated that PA_OMVs may be served as a novel candidate vaccine for the prevention of P. aeruginosa infection.
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14
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Meskini M, Esmaeili D. The study of formulated Zoush ointment against wound infection and gene expression of virulence factors Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:185. [PMID: 29903005 PMCID: PMC6003004 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of MDR and XDR strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and increased resistance to infection in burn patients recommend the issue of infection control. In this research, we study ZOUSH herbal ointment for gene silencing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS The herbal ZOUSH ointment was formulated by alcoholic extracts of plants Satureja khuzestaniea, Zataria multiflora, Mentha Mozaffariani Jamzad, honey, and polyurethane. The MIC and disk diffusion tests were examined by single, binary, tertiary and five compounds. Three-week-old mice were considered to be second-degree infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During the interval of 5 days, cultures were done from the liver, blood, and wound by four consecutive quarters and counting of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was reported in the liver. In this study, silver sulfadiazine ointments and Akbar were used as a positive control. The gene gyrA reference was used as the control. Real-time RT-PCR results were evaluated based on Livak as the comparative Ct method. RESULTS The In vitro results indicated that wound infection was improved by healing wound size in the treatment groups compared to control treatment group. In this research, the changes in gene expression were evaluated by molecular technique Real-time RT-PCR. The results showed downregulation exoS, lasA, and lasB after treatment with ZOUSH ointment. SPSS Analyses showed that reduction of expressions in genes exoS, lasA and lasB after treatment with ZOUSH ointment were significantly meaningful (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study showed that ZOUSH ointment has the positive effect for gene silencing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the mouse model with the second-degree burn. The positive effects decreased in the number of bacteria by reducing the expression of virulence bacteria genes as exoS, lasA and lasB and improvement of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Meskini
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute and Department Of Microbiology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Esmaeili
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute and Department Of Microbiology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial flagellin, as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), can activate both innate and adaptive immunity. Its unique structural characteristics endow an effective and flexible adjuvant activity, which allow the design of different types of vaccine strategies to prevent various diseases. This review will discuss recent progress in the mechanism of action of flagellin and its prospects for use as a vaccine adjuvant. AREAS COVERED Herein we summarize various types of information related to flagellin adjuvants from PubMed, including structures, signaling pathways, natural immunity, and extensive applications in vaccines, and it discusses the immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of flagellin-adjuvanted vaccines in clinical trials. EXPERT COMMENTARY It is widely accepted that as an adjuvant, flagellin can induce an enhanced antigen-specific immune response. Flagellin adjuvants will allow more effective flagellin-based vaccines to enter clinical trials. Furthermore, vaccine formulations containing PAMPs are crucial to exert the maximum potential of vaccine antigens. Therefore, combinations of flagellin-adjuvanted vaccines with other adjuvants that act in a synergistic manner, particularly TLR ligands, represent a promising method for tailoring targeted vaccines to meet specific requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Cui
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
| | - Yuzhen Fang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
| | - Peng Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
| | - Yonglu Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
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Immunization with Bivalent Flagellin Protects Mice against Fatal Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:5689709. [PMID: 29201922 PMCID: PMC5671732 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5689709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections present a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide because they are commonly associated with high morbidity and mortality. Here, we demonstrate the protective efficacy of type a and b flagellins (bivalent flagellin) against acute fatal pneumonia in mice. Mice immunized intranasally with a bivalent flagellin vaccine were challenged by different flagellated strains of P. aeruginosa in an acute pneumonia model. Besides the protective effect of the vaccine, we further measured the host innate and cellular immunity responses. The immunized mice in our study were protected against both strains. Remarkably, active immunization with type a or b flagellin significantly improved survival of mice against heterologous strain compared to flagellin a or b antisera. We also showed that after an intranasal challenge by P. aeruginosa strain, neutrophils are recruited to the airways of vaccinated mice, and that the bivalent flagellin vaccine was proved to be protective by the generated CD4+IL-17+ Th17 cells. In conclusion, bivalent flagellin vaccine can confer protection against different strains of P. aeruginosa in an acute pneumonia mouse model by eliciting effective cellular and humoral immune responses, including increased IL-17 production and improved opsonophagocytic killing.
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Protective Efficacy of the Trivalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa Vaccine Candidate PcrV-OprI-Hcp1 in Murine Pneumonia and Burn Models. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28638106 PMCID: PMC5479855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a formidable pathogen that is responsible for a diverse spectrum of human infectious diseases, resulting in considerable annual mortality rates. Because of biofilm formation and its ability of rapidly acquires of resistance to many antibiotics, P. aeruginosa related infections are difficult to treat, and therefore, developing an effective vaccine is the most promising method for combating infection. In the present study, we designed a novel trivalent vaccine, PcrV28-294-OprI25-83-Hcp11-162 (POH), and evaluated its protective efficacy in murine pneumonia and burn models. POH existed as a dimer in solution, it induced better protection efficacy in P. aeruginosa lethal pneumonia and murine burn models than single components alone when formulated with Al(OH)3 adjuvant, and it showed broad immune protection against several clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Immunization with POH induced strong immune responses and resulted in reduced bacterial loads, decreased pathology, inflammatory cytokine expression and inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, in vitro opsonophagocytic killing assay and passive immunization studies indicated that the protective efficacy mediated by POH vaccination was largely attributed to POH-specific antibodies. Taken together, these data provided evidence that POH is a potentially promising vaccine candidate for combating P. aeruginosa infection in pneumonia and burn infections.
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18
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Ahmadi H, Behrouz B, Irajian G, Amirmozafari N, Naghavi S. Bivalent flagellin immunotherapy protects mice against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in both acute pneumonia and burn wound models. Biologicals 2017; 46:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Saffari M, Behbood S, Irajian G, Khorshidi A, Moniri R, Behrouz B. Antibodies raised against divalent type b flagellin and pilin provide effective immunotherapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of mice with burn wounds. Biologicals 2017; 45:20-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Passive immunization against Pseudomonas aeruginosa recombinant PilA in a murine burn wound model. Microb Pathog 2016; 101:83-88. [PMID: 27836762 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pili have an essential role in twitching motility, colonization and biofilm formation. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of intraperitoneal administration of rabbit anti-recombinant PilA (anti-r-PilA) immunoglobulin G (IgG) against P. aeruginosa infection in a mouse burn-wound model. After burn and infection, mortality rate was assessed in all mice, and that of mice passively immunized with rabbit anti-r-PilA IgG was compared to non-immunized mice. Bacterial quantities in the skin and internal organs were measured to determine the level of systemic infection. Results showed that passive immunotherapy with anti-r-PilA IgG protected the burned mice infected with P. aeruginosa strains, PAO1 and the clinical isolate (CI). Anti-r-PilA antibodies enhanced the opsonophagocytosis of these strains. Moreover, the administration of anti-r-PilA IgG was also successful in reducing the bacterial burden in infected mice. The reduction of systemic bacterial spread increased the survival rate of passively immunized mice. Findings of this study revealed an improved survival rate of 62.5%, thus confirming the protective effect of anti-r-PilA IgG.
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