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Waters JA, Urbano I, Robinson M, House CD. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5: Diverse roles in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1052457. [PMID: 36465383 PMCID: PMC9714447 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1052457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) and the associated signaling components in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion. Of the IGFBPs, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) is the most evolutionarily conserved with a dynamic range of IGF-dependent and -independent functions, and studies on the actions of IGFBP5 in cancer have been somewhat paradoxical. In cancer, the IGFBPs respond to external stimuli to modulate disease progression and therapeutic responsiveness in a context specific manner. This review discusses the different roles of IGF signaling and IGFBP5 in disease with an emphasis on discoveries within the last twenty years, which underscore a need to clarify the IGF-independent actions of IGFBP5, the impact of its subcellular localization, the differential activities of each of the subdomains, and the response to elements of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Additionally, recent advances addressing the role of IGFBP5 in resistance to cancer therapeutics will be discussed. A better understanding of the contexts in which IGFBP5 functions will facilitate the discovery of new mechanisms of cancer progression that may lead to novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Waters
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ixchel Urbano
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mikella Robinson
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Carrie D. House
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States,Moore’s Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Carrie D. House,
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Kumar S, Santos RJ, McGuigan AJ, Singh U, Johnson P, Kunzmann AT, Turkington RC. The Role of Circulating Protein and Metabolite Biomarkers in the Development of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1090-1102. [PMID: 34810209 PMCID: PMC9377754 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis, and this is attributed to it being diagnosed at an advanced stage. Understanding the pathways involved in initial development may improve early detection strategies. This systematic review assessed the association between circulating protein and metabolite biomarkers and PDAC development. METHODS A literature search until August 2020 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science was performed. Studies were included if they assessed circulating blood, urine, or salivary biomarkers and their association with PDAC risk. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled relative risk. RESULTS A total of 65 studies were included. Higher levels of glucose were found to be positively associated with risk of developing PDAC [n = 4 studies; pooled relative risk (RR): 1.61; 95% CI: 1.16-2.22]. Additionally, an inverse association was seen with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) levels (n = 4 studies; RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.44-0.87). Meta-analyses showed no association between levels of C-peptide, members of the insulin growth factor signaling pathway, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and folate/homocysteine and PDAC risk. Four individual studies also reported a suggestive positive association of branched-chain amino acids with PDAC risk, but due to differences in measures reported, a meta-analysis could not be performed. CONCLUSIONS Our pooled analysis demonstrates that higher serum glucose levels and lower levels of PLP are associated with risk of PDAC. IMPACT Glucose and PLP levels are associated with PDAC risk. More prospective studies are required to identify biomarkers for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kumar
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph J. Santos
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. McGuigan
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Urvashi Singh
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Johnson
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T. Kunzmann
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C. Turkington
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Bappy HJA, Goswami A, Huda N, Hosen MI, Nabi AN. Gender specific association of missense variant rs1805097 of IRS-2 and noncoding variant rs841853 of GLUT-1 genes with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Bangladeshi population. GENE REPORTS 2020; 21:100866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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The microbiome, genetics, and gastrointestinal neoplasms: the evolving field of molecular pathological epidemiology to analyze the tumor-immune-microbiome interaction. Hum Genet 2020; 140:725-746. [PMID: 33180176 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metagenomic studies using next-generation sequencing technologies have revealed rich human intestinal microbiome, which likely influence host immunity and health conditions including cancer. Evidence indicates a biological link between altered microbiome and cancers in the digestive system. Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis have been found to be enriched in colorectal mucosal tissues from patients with familial adenomatous polyposis that is caused by germline APC mutations. In addition, recent studies have found enrichment of certain oral bacteria, viruses, and fungi in tumor tissue and fecal specimens from patients with gastrointestinal cancer. An integrative approach is required to elucidate the role of microorganisms in the pathogenic process of gastrointestinal cancers, which develop through the accumulation of somatic genetic and epigenetic alterations in neoplastic cells, influenced by host genetic variations, immunity, microbiome, and environmental exposures. The transdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) offers research frameworks to link germline genetics and environmental factors (including diet, lifestyle, and pharmacological factors) to pathologic phenotypes. The integration of microbiology into the MPE model (microbiology-MPE) can contribute to better understanding of the interactive role of environment, tumor cells, immune cells, and microbiome in various diseases. We review major clinical and experimental studies on the microbiome, and describe emerging evidence from the microbiology-MPE research in gastrointestinal cancers. Together with basic experimental research, this new research paradigm can help us to develop new prevention and treatment strategies for gastrointestinal cancers through targeting of the microbiome.
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Gentiluomo M, Canzian F, Nicolini A, Gemignani F, Landi S, Campa D. Germline genetic variability in pancreatic cancer risk and prognosis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 79:105-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wang P, Zhou X. Association of IGF-1 gene rs2195239 polymorphism with the risk and clinical features of gastric cancer in a Chinese Han population. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23284. [PMID: 32147868 PMCID: PMC7370715 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a Japanese study investigated the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene rs2195239 polymorphism and gastric cancer (GC) risk and found rs2195239 polymorphism did not relate with the risk of GC. However, no Chinese studies have addressed this relationship until now. Thus, the aims of this study were to demonstrate whether IGF-1 gene rs2195239 polymorphism was linked with the risk and clinical features of GC in a Chinese Han population. METHODS In order to verify the link between IGF-1 gene rs2195239 polymorphism and GC risk, we recruited 361 GC cases and 418 controls in this case-control study. The genotyping was done by use of a custom-by-design 48-Plex SNP scan TM Kit. RESULTS This study found that IGF-1 gene rs2195239 polymorphism decreased the risk of GC. Stratified analyses suggested that the significant association was shown in the females, non-smokers, non-drinkers, and age <60 years groups for GC. In addition, IGF-1 gene rs2195239 polymorphism correlated with the tumor size, tumor clinical stage, and pathological types for GC patients. CONCLUSION To sum up, this study shows that IGF-1 gene rs2195239 polymorphism is associated with the risk and clinical features of GC patients in this Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengli Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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Hughes J, Surakhy M, Can S, Ducker M, Davies N, Szele F, Bühnemann C, Carter E, Trikin R, Crump MP, Frago S, Hassan AB. Maternal transmission of an Igf2r domain 11: IGF2 binding mutant allele (Igf2r I1565A) results in partial lethality, overgrowth and intestinal adenoma progression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11388. [PMID: 31388182 PMCID: PMC6684648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47827-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R or IGF2R) traffics IGF2 and M6P ligands between pre-lysosomal and extra-cellular compartments. Specific IGF2 and M6P high-affinity binding occurs via domain-11 and domains-3-5-9, respectively. Mammalian maternal Igf2r allele expression exceeds the paternal allele due to imprinting (silencing). Igf2r null-allele maternal transmission results in placenta and heart over-growth and perinatal lethality (>90%) due to raised extra-cellular IGF2 secondary to impaired ligand clearance. It remains unknown if the phenotype is due to either ligand alone, or to both ligands. Here, we evaluate Igf2r specific loss-of-function of the domain-11 IGF2 binding site by replacing isoleucine with alanine in the CD loop (exon 34, I1565A), a mutation also detected in cancers. Igf2rI1565A/+p maternal transmission (heterozygote), resulted in placental and embryonic over-growth with reduced neonatal lethality (<60%), and long-term survival. The perinatal mortality (>80%) observed in homozygotes (Igf2rI1565A/I1565A) suggested that wild-type paternal allele expression attenuates the heterozygote phenotype. To evaluate Igf2r tumour suppressor function, we utilised intestinal adenoma models known to be Igf2 dependent. Bi-allelic Igf2r expression suppressed intestinal adenoma (ApcMin). Igf2rI1565A/+p in a conditional model (Lgr5-Cre, Apcloxp/loxp) resulted in worse survival and increased adenoma proliferation. Growth, survival and intestinal adenoma appear dependent on IGF2R-domain-11 IGF2 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hughes
- Tumour Growth Group, Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mirvat Surakhy
- Tumour Growth Group, Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sermet Can
- Tumour Growth Group, Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Ducker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Davies
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Francis Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Bühnemann
- Tumour Growth Group, Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Carter
- Tumour Growth Group, Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Trikin
- Tumour Growth Group, Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P Crump
- Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Susana Frago
- Tumour Growth Group, Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A Bassim Hassan
- Tumour Growth Group, Oxford Molecular Pathology Institute, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Association between the insulin-like growth factor 1 gene rs2195239 and rs2162679 polymorphisms and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:17. [PMID: 30654740 PMCID: PMC6337782 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Many epidemiological studies have suggested that insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF1) gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be associated with cancer risk. Among several commonly studied polymorphisms in IGF1 gene, rs2195239 and rs2162679 attracted many attentions. So we perform a meta-analysis to determine potential associations between IGF1 rs2195239 and rs2162679 polymorphisms and cancer risk. Methods We retrieved relevant articles from the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to April 30, 2018. Ultimately, thirteen studies were included in the present meta-analysis, which involved 12,515 cases and 19,651 controls. The odd ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to estimate the strength of the associations. Results rs2195239 reduces the overall cancer risk in homozygote model, as well as reducing cancer risk in Asian populations in allele, homozygote, and recessive models. No significant relationship was found between rs2195239 and breast or pancreatic cancer risk. rs2162679 reduces the overall cancer risk in allele, homozygote, dominant, and recessive models, as well as reducing cancer risk in Asian populations in allele, homozygote, and recessive models. Conclusions IGF1 rs2195239 and rs2162679 were associated with overall cancer risk based on present studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-019-0749-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene three prime untranslated region (3'-UTR) polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with cancer risk. However, the conclusions of the relevant studies are not consistent. The present meta-analysis evaluates the relationship between IGF1 gene 3'-UTR polymorphisms (rs5742714, rs6214, and rs6220) and cancer risk. METHODS Articles regarding the relationship between IGF1 rs5742714, rs6214, and rs6220 polymorphisms and cancer risk were selected by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases before April 30, 2018. Altogether, we obtained 34 case-controlled studies from 20 articles, including 21,568 cases and 31,199 controls. The strength of associations was quantified using odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS In the present meta-analysis, no significant associations were detected between rs5742714, rs6214, and rs6220 and overall cancer risk. Thus, in stratified analyses, we found that rs6214 was associated with a significantly reduced risk of breast cancer under the allele, heterozygote, and dominant models (A vs G: OR, 0.94, 95% CI,0.88-1.00, P = .044; GA vs GG: OR, 0.88, 95% CI, 0.80-0.97, P = .012; AA + GA vs GG: OR, 0.89, 95% CI, 0.81-0.97, P = .011), as well as pancreatic cancer under the recessive model (AA vs GA + GG: OR, 0.68, 95% CI,0.53-0.87, P = .003). Also, rs6220 was associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer under the homozygote model (GG vs AA: OR, 1.23, 95% CI, 1.02-1.48, P = .031). In addition, rs6220 was found to increase overall cancer risk among Caucasians under the allele model (G vs A: OR, 1.06, 95% CI, 1.00-1.13, P = .043). CONCLUSIONS In this meta-analysis, we investigated and reviewed the relationship between IGF1 gene 3'-UTR polymorphisms (rs5742714, rs6214, and rs6220) and cancer risk based on present epidemiological studies. Further studies are needed to draw more precise conclusions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wen-Yue Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Xu GP, Chen WX, Xie WY, Wu LF. The association between IGF1 gene rs1520220 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis based on 12,884 cases and 58,304 controls. Environ Health Prev Med 2018; 23:38. [PMID: 30111277 PMCID: PMC6094919 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-018-0727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rs1520220 polymorphism in the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene has been reported to affect cancer susceptibly in several studies. However, the results of the relevant studies are inconsistent. We conduct a current meta-analysis to investigate the association between rs1520220 and cancer susceptibly. Methods Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched for studies regarding the relationship between rs1520220 and cancer susceptibly. Odds ratios (ORs) and the related 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to assess the strength of the associations. A stratified analysis was performed according to cancer type, ethnicity, and quality score, and when results were obtained from no fewer than two studies, these results were pooled. Results There was no positive association between rs1520220 and overall cancer risk. However, the analysis stratified by ethnicity revealed that rs1520220 significantly increased cancer susceptibility in Asian populations (allele model OR = 1.10, 95%Cl = 1.00–1.21, p = 0.040; homozygote model OR = 1.22, 95%Cl = 1.01–1.47, p = 0.040; dominant model OR = 1.19, 95%Cl = 1.01–1.39, p = 0.033). No significantly association was detected in Caucasian populations. The analysis stratified by cancer type suggested that rs1520220 was not associated with susceptibility to breast cancer. Conclusions The results of our meta-analysis demonstrate that the role of IGF1 rs1520220 in cancer susceptibility varies by ethnicity and cancer type and that rs1520220 increases cancer susceptibility in Asian populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12199-018-0727-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ping Xu
- Transfusion Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Xian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Wen-Yue Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Fang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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He JR, Lai YM, Liu HH, Liu GJ, Li WD, Fan XJ, Wei XL, Xia XY, Kuang YS, Liu XD, Chen NN, Lu JH, Chen QZ, Mai WB, Xia HM, Qiu X. Maternal IGF1 and IGF1R polymorphisms and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 31. [PMID: 28213921 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway was involved in the occurrence of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB), but little is known regarding the relationship between genetic variations in IGF pathway and the risk of SPTB. We aimed to investigate the associations of IGF1 rs972936 and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) rs2229765 polymorphisms with SPTB risk in a Chinese population. METHOD A total of 114 cases of SPTB and 250 controls of term delivery were included from Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, China. The odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS We found that the GA and GA/AA genotypes of IGF1 rs972936 were associated with an increased risk of SPTB, and the adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.74 (1.01-3.02) and 1.75 (1.04-2.93) respectively. Women carrying GA and GA/AA genotypes of IGF1R rs2229765 had a reduced risk compared to those with the GG genotype (0.60 [0.37-0.98] and 0.64 [0.40-1.00] respectively). There were significant interactions between IGF1 rs972936 and GDM status (P for interaction=.02), as well as between IGF1R rs2229765 and pre-pregnancy BMI (P for interaction <.001) on the risk of SPTB. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that polymorphisms of IGF1 rs972936 and IGF1R rs2229765 were associated with the risk of SPTB in Chinese pregnant women and these effects depend on the maternal metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Rong He
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Mian Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Hui Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Jian Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Fan
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ling Wei
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xia
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Shu Kuang
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nian-Nian Chen
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Hua Lu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Zhu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Bi Mai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Min Xia
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in cancerogenesis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 772:78-104. [PMID: 28528692 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family components in carcinogenesis of several human tumors is based on numerous epidemiological and pre-clinical studies, experiments in vivo and in vitro and on attempts at application of drugs affecting the IGF axis. Investigative hypotheses in original studies were based on biological functions manifested by the entire family of IGF (ligands, receptors, linking proteins, adaptor molecules). In the context of carcinogenesis the most important functions of IGF family involve intensification of proliferation and inhibition of cell apoptosis and effect on cell transformation through synthesis of several regulatory proteins. IGF axis controls survival and influences on metastases of cells. Interactions of IGF axis components may be of a direct or indirect nature. The direct effects are linked to activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, in which the initiating role is first of all played by IGF-1 and IGF-1R. Activity of this signaling pathway leads to an increased mitogenesis, cell cycle progression, and protection against different apoptotic stresses. Indirect effects of the axis depend on interactions between IGF and other molecules important for cancer etiology (e.g. sex hormones, products of suppressor genes, viruses, and other GFs) and the style of life (nutrition, physical activity). From the clinical point of view, components of IGF system are first of all considered as diagnostic serous and/or tissue biomarkers of a given cancer, prognostic factors and attractive target of modern anti-tumor therapies. Several mechanisms in which IGF system components act in the process of carcinogenesis need to be clarified, mainly due to multifactorial etiology of the neoplasms. Pin-pointing of the role played in carcinogenesis by any single signaling pathway remains particularly difficult. The aim of this review is to summarize the current data of several epidemiological studies, experiments in vitro and on animal models, to increase our understanding of the complex role of IGF family components in the most common human cancers.
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Increased Serum Insulin Exposure Does Not Affect Age or Stage of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Diagnosis in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus. Pancreas 2016; 45:228-33. [PMID: 26418902 PMCID: PMC4710546 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In considering whether medications that increase insulin levels accelerate pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) development, we hypothesized that PC patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who used exogenous insulin or insulin-stimulating medications should have an earlier age at diagnosis or present with more advanced disease. METHODS Patients enrolled in our PC registry from June 1, 2003, to May 31, 2012, were stratified according to treatment solely with insulin, insulin-stimulating medications, or insulin-independent medications. Age at PC diagnosis, PC stage, and years between DM and PC diagnoses were analyzed among the cohorts. RESULTS Of 122 DM patients (mean age, 67.4 ± 10.2 years), the mean ages at PC diagnosis within the insulin-only (n = 40), insulin-stimulating (n = 11), insulin-independent (n = 71), and non-DM (n = 321) cohorts were 68.7 ± 10.5, 69.6 ± 10.8, 66.3 ± 9.7, and 65.5 ± 10.5 years, respectively. No significant difference among the age at PC diagnosis was observed based on duration or type of DM treatment. There was no correlation between PC stage and increased insulin exposure. CONCLUSIONS Anti-DM medications that increase exposure to insulin do not appear to accelerate PC development using outcomes of mean age at PC diagnosis, PC stage, or duration between DM and PC diagnoses.
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Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Li F, Du X, Zhang J. CDX2 inhibits pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell proliferation via promoting tumor suppressor miR-615-5p. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:1041-9. [PMID: 26269116 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CDX2 has recently been identified as a prognostic marker for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, the role and mechanism of CDX2 in progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma are still elusive. In this study, we observed that CDX2 expression was much lower in mouse pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues and pancreatic cancer cells. A network integrated by ChIPBase platform hinted that miR-615-5p, a most newly discovered tumor suppressor, was probably bound by CDX2 in the promoter region. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR assay showed that CDX2 exhibited a high capacity of binding to miR-615-5p promoter region compared to the negative control. Real-time PCR and western blotting analyses revealed that CDX2 overexpression caused inflation of miR-615-5p and depression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), a direct target of miR-615-5p. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and EdU approaches showed that CDX2 overexpression markedly suppressed pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell proliferation. CDX2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection showed an opposite effect on gene expression and cell proliferation to that of CDX2 overexpression. Collectively, CDX2 inhibited pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell proliferation via promoting tumor suppressor miR-615-5p. Our findings suggested a potential molecular target for pancreatic adenocarcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Eastern Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Whitcomb DC, Shelton CA, Brand RE. Genetics and Genetic Testing in Pancreatic Cancer. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:1252-1264.e4. [PMID: 26255042 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic testing of germline DNA is used in patients suspected of being at risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to better define the individual's risk and to determine the mechanism of risk. A high genetic risk increases the pretest probability that a biomarker of early cancer is a true positive and warrants further investigation. The highest PDAC risk is generally associated with a hereditary predisposition. However, the majority of PDAC results from complex, progressive gene-environment interactions that currently fall outside the traditional risk models. Over many years, the combination of inflammation, exposure to DNA-damaging toxins, and failed DNA repair promote the accumulation of somatic mutations in pancreatic cells; PDAC risk is further increased by already present oncogenic germline mutations. Predictive models and new technologies are needed to classify patients into more accurate and mechanistic PDAC risk categories that can be linked to improved surveillance and preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Whitcomb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Physiology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Celeste A Shelton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Randall E Brand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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16
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Tseng CH, Lee KY, Tseng FH. An updated review on cancer risk associated with incretin mimetics and enhancers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2015; 33:67-124. [PMID: 25803196 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2015.1003496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Incretin-based therapies, including the use of incretin mimetics of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and incretin enhancers of dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, are widely used by clinicians for glucose lowering in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These agents have benefits of a lower risk of hypoglycemia, being neutral for body weight for DPP-4 inhibitors and having a potential for weight reduction with GLP-1R agonists. They may also have a neutral or beneficial cardiovascular effect. Despite these benefits, an increased risk of cancer (especially pancreatic cancer and thyroid cancer) associated with incretin-based therapies has been reported. In this article, we reviewed related literature of experimental animal and observational human studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses published until December 15, 2014. Current studies suggested a probable role of GLP-1R activation on the development of pancreatic cancer and thyroid cancer in rodents, but such an effect in humans is not remarkable due to the lower or lack of expression of GLP-1R on human pancreatic ductal cells and thyroid tissues. Findings in human studies are controversial and inconclusive. In the analyses of the US Food and Drug Administration adverse events reporting system, a significantly higher risk of pancreatic cancer was observed for GLP-1R agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors, but a significantly higher risk of thyroid cancer was only observed for GLP-1R agonists. Such a higher risk of pancreatic cancer or thyroid cancer could not be similarly demonstrated in other human observational studies or analyses of data from clinical trials. With regards to cancers other than pancreatic cancer and thyroid cancer, available studies supported a neutral association in humans. Some preliminary studies even suggested a potentially beneficial effect on the development of other cancers with the use of incretins. Based on current evidence, continuous monitoring of the cancer issues related to incretin-based therapies is required, even though the benefits may outweigh the potential cancer risk in the general patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsiao Tseng
- a Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
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17
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Alaimo S, Giugno R, Pulvirenti A. ncPred: ncRNA-Disease Association Prediction through Tripartite Network-Based Inference. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2014; 2:71. [PMID: 25566534 PMCID: PMC4264506 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2014.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Over the past few years, experimental evidence has highlighted the role of microRNAs to human diseases. miRNAs are critical for the regulation of cellular processes, and, therefore, their aberration can be among the triggering causes of pathological phenomena. They are just one member of the large class of non-coding RNAs, which include transcribed ultra-conserved regions (T-UCRs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), large intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) and, the heterogeneous group of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Their associations with diseases are few in number, and their reliability is questionable. In literature, there is only one recent method proposed by Yang et al. (2014) to predict lncRNA-disease associations. This technique, however, lacks in prediction quality. All these elements entail the need to investigate new bioinformatics tools for the prediction of high quality ncRNA-disease associations. Here, we propose a method called ncPred for the inference of novel ncRNA-disease association based on recommendation technique. We represent our knowledge through a tripartite network, whose nodes are ncRNAs, targets, or diseases. Interactions in such a network associate each ncRNA with a disease through its targets. Our algorithm, starting from such a network, computes weights between each ncRNA-disease pair using a multi-level resource transfer technique that at each step takes into account the resource transferred in the previous one. RESULTS The results of our experimental analysis show that our approach is able to predict more biologically significant associations with respect to those obtained by Yang et al. (2014), yielding an improvement in terms of the average area under the ROC curve (AUC). These results prove the ability of our approach to predict biologically significant associations, which could lead to a better understanding of the molecular processes involved in complex diseases. AVAILABILITY All the ncPred predictions together with the datasets used for the analysis are available at the following url: http://alpha.dmi.unict.it/ncPred/
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Alaimo
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Rosalba Giugno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Alfredo Pulvirenti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
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18
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Tseng CH. Metformin reduces thyroid cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109852. [PMID: 25303400 PMCID: PMC4193839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether metformin may affect thyroid cancer risk has not been studied. This study investigated the association between metformin use and thyroid cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods The reimbursement databases of all diabetic patients from 1996 to 2009 were retrieved from the National Health Insurance. An entry date was set at 1 January 2006 and 1,414,723 patients with type 2 diabetes were followed for thyroid cancer incidence until the end of 2009. Incidences for ever-users, never-users and subgroups of metformin exposure using tertile cutoffs for cumulative duration of therapy and cumulative dose were calculated and adjusted hazard ratios were estimated by Cox regression. Additional sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results There were 795,321 ever-users and 619,402 never-users, with respective numbers of incident thyroid cancer of 683 (0.09%) and 1,614 (0.26%), and respective incidence of 24.09 and 87.33 per 100,000 person-years. The overall fully adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.683 (0.598–0.780), and all categories of the dose-response parameters showed significantly lower risk with P-trends <0.0001. The protective effect of metformin on thyroid cancer incidence was also supported by sensitivity analyses, disregarding age (<50 or ≥50 years) and sex; and was not affected by excluding users of insulin, sulfonylurea, and insulin and/or sulfonylurea respectively, by previous diagnosis of other cancers or by potential detection examinations that might lead to differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Conclusions This study provides evidence for the first time that metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes may reduce the risk of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsiao Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine of the National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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19
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Ou JM, Lian WS, Qiu MK, Dai YX, Dong Q, Shen J, Dong P, Wang XF, Liu YB, Quan ZW, Fei ZW. Knockdown of IGF2R suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in hemangioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1241-9. [PMID: 24968760 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II)/IGF2R signaling plays a pivotal role in cell growth, migration and differentiation in many malignancies. An individual with high IGF-II expression levels has a high risk of developing cancer, but IGF2R is often considered to be a tumor suppressor. To date, little has been reported about the role of IGF-II/IGF2R signaling in hemangiomas (HAs). Thus, uncovering the mechanisms of IGF-II/IGF2R signaling is very important to understanding the development of HAs. In the present study, the expression of IGF-II and IGF2R was investigated in 27 cases of HAs of different phases by immunohistochemistry. Through lentivirus-mediated IGF2R siRNA (Lv-siIGF2R) in HA-derived endothelial cells (HDECs), we observed the effects of IGF2R knockdown on the biological behavior of HA cells. We found that the expression of IGF-II and IGF2R was significantly increased in proliferating phase HAs, but decreased in involuting phase HAs. Furthermore, knockdown of IGF2R in vitro significantly diminished the proliferative activity and induced apoptosis and cycle arrest with decreased expression of PCNA, Ki-67, Bcl-2, Cyclin D1 and E and increased the expression of Bax in the proliferative phase HAs (HDEC and CRL-2586 EOMA cells). In addition, the tumor volumes in a subcutaneous HDEC nude mouse model treated with Lv-siIGF2R were significantly smaller than those of the control group. Taken together, our findings indicate that the expression of IGF-II and IGF2R is increased in proliferating phase HAs, and knockdown of IGF2R suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in HA cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that IGF2R may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of human HAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Ou
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - W-S Lian
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - M-K Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Y-X Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Q Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - J Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - P Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - X-F Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Y-B Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Z-W Quan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Z-W Fei
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital (Chong Ming) Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 202150, P.R. China
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20
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miR-615-5p is epigenetically inactivated and functions as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2014; 34:1629-40. [PMID: 24769899 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly invasive cancer with a poor prognosis. Although microRNA (miRNA) transcripts have a crucial role in carcinogenesis and development, little information is known regarding the aberrant DNA methylation of miRNAs in PDAC. Using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-chip analysis, we found that miR-615-5p was hypermethylated in its putative promoter region, which silenced its expression in PDAC cell lines. In addition, the overexpression of miR-615-5p in pancreatic cancer cells suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is an imprinted gene, and its abnormal expression contributes to tumor growth. Here, we identified IGF2 as a target of miR-615-5p using a luciferase reporter assay. IGF2 upregulation in PDAC tissues was not correlated with a loss of imprinting but was inversely correlated with miR-615-5p downregulation. In addition, miR-615-5p suppressed pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by directly targeting IGF2, and this effect could be reversed by co-transfection with IGF2. Furthermore, the stable overexpression of miR-615-5p inhibited tumor growth in vivo and was correlated with IGF2 expression. Using RNA sequencing, we further identified miR-615-5p as potentially targeting other genes, such as the proto-oncogene JUNB, and interfering with the insulin signaling pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate that miR-615-5p was abnormally downregulated in PDAC cells due to promoter hypermethylation, which limited its inhibition of IGF2 and other target genes, thereby contributing to tumor growth, invasion and migration. These data demonstrate a novel and important role of miR-615-5p as a tumor suppressor in PDAC.
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Genkinger JM, Wang M, Li R, Albanes D, Anderson KE, Bernstein L, van den Brandt PA, English DR, Freudenheim JL, Fuchs CS, Gapstur SM, Giles GG, Goldbohm RA, Håkansson N, Horn-Ross PL, Koushik A, Marshall JR, McCullough ML, Miller AB, Robien K, Rohan TE, Schairer C, Silverman DT, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Virtamo J, Willett WC, Wolk A, Ziegler RG, Smith-Warner SA. Dairy products and pancreatic cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 14 cohort studies. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:1106-15. [PMID: 24631943 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has few early symptoms, is usually diagnosed at late stages, and has a high case-fatality rate. Identifying modifiable risk factors is crucial to reducing pancreatic cancer morbidity and mortality. Prior studies have suggested that specific foods and nutrients, such as dairy products and constituents, may play a role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. In this pooled analysis of the primary data from 14 prospective cohort studies, 2212 incident pancreatic cancer cases were identified during follow-up among 862 680 individuals. Adjusting for smoking habits, personal history of diabetes, alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI), and energy intake, multivariable study-specific hazard ratios (MVHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards models and then pooled using a random effects model. There was no association between total milk intake and pancreatic cancer risk (MVHR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.82-1.18 comparing ≥500 with 1-69.9 g/day). Similarly, intakes of low-fat milk, whole milk, cheese, cottage cheese, yogurt, and ice-cream were not associated with pancreatic cancer risk. No statistically significant association was observed between dietary (MVHR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.77-1.19) and total calcium (MVHR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.71-1.12) intake and pancreatic cancer risk overall when comparing intakes ≥1300 with <500 mg/day. In addition, null associations were observed for dietary and total vitamin D intake and pancreatic cancer risk. Findings were consistent within sex, smoking status, and BMI strata or when the case definition was limited to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Overall, these findings do not support the hypothesis that consumption of dairy foods, calcium, or vitamin D during adulthood is associated with pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York
| | - M Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston
| | - R Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston
| | - D Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - K E Anderson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - L Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Science, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, USA
| | - P A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D R English
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J L Freudenheim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo
| | - C S Fuchs
- Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - S M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, USA
| | - G G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R A Goldbohm
- Department of Prevention and Health, TNO Quality of Life, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N Håkansson
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P L Horn-Ross
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, USA
| | - A Koushik
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal
| | - J R Marshall
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo
| | - M L McCullough
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, USA
| | - A B Miller
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - K Robien
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - T E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA
| | - C Schairer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - D T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - R Z Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - J Virtamo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - W C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - A Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - S A Smith-Warner
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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Hu Y, Zhou M, Zhang K, Kong X, Hu X, Li K, Liu L. Lack of association between insulin receptor substrate2 rs1805097 polymorphism and the risk of colorectal and breast cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86911. [PMID: 24497996 PMCID: PMC3907441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), a signaling adaptor protein, was involved in two cancer-related pathways (the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways). Several studies have evaluated the association between IRS2 rs1805097 (G>A) polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal and breast cancer. However, the results were inconsistent. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A meta-analysis of seven published case-control studies (4 studies with 4798 cases and 5478 controls for colorectal cancer and 3 studies with 2108 cases and 2507 controls for breast cancer) were conducted to assess the strength of association using crude odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For colorectal cancer, no obvious associations were found for all genetic models (homozygote comparison OR = 0.96, 95%CI 0.85-1.08, Pheterogeneity = 0.97; heterozygote comparison: OR = 0.91, 95%CI 0.73-1.13, Pheterogeneity<0.01; dominant model: OR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.80-1.06, Pheterogeneity = 0.05; recessive model: OR = 1.02, 95%CI 0.91-1.14, Pheterogeneity = 0.60). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, control source and consistency of frequency with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), still no significant associations were observed. For breast cancer, also no obvious associations were found for all genetic models (homozygote comparison: OR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.71-1.26, Pheterogeneity = 0.10; heterozygote comparison: OR = 1.00, 95%CI 0.89-1.14, Pheterogeneity = 0.71; dominant model: OR = 0.98, 95%CI 0.87-1.10, Pheterogeneity = 0.55; recessive model: OR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.72-1.25, Pheterogeneity = 0.07). We performed subgroup analyses by sample size and did not find an association. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicated that IRS2 rs1805097 polymorphism was not associated with colorectal and breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangquan Kong
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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23
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Tseng CH. Rosiglitazone is not associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2013; 37:385-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
The importance of the IGF system in carcinogenesis has been established for many solid cancers. It is well known that individuals with higher circulating levels of the IGF1 ligand present an increased risk of cancer. However, therapies with monoclonal antibodies targeting the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) have been largely unsuccessful. One of the potential reasons for this failure is the existence of the highly homologous insulin receptor (IR), which appears to be at least equally efficient as the IGF1R in the transition of mitogenic signals to the nucleus and promotion of cell growth. Furthermore, IGF1 and insulin receptors can form hybrid receptors sensitive to stimulation of all three ligands of the system: insulin, IGF1, and IGF2. Although the connection between insulin, diabetes, and cancer has been established for years now, clear evidence that demonstrate the redundancy of insulin and insulin receptors and insulin-like growth factors and their receptors in cancer is missing. In this review, we focus on the contribution of insulin and IGFs to carcinogenesis in the insulin-producing organ, the pancreas. We give a short summary on the complexity of insulin and the IGF system in the pancreas and their potential roles in pancreatic cancer, especially pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Finally, we discuss drug-targeting options of this system and the rationale of simultaneous targeting of both the insulin and the IGF systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Trajkovic-Arsic
- II Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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25
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Zhang H, Wang A, Ma H, Xu Y. Association between insulin receptor substrate 1 Gly972Arg polymorphism and cancer risk. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2929-36. [PMID: 23708959 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies investigating the association between the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene Gly972Arg (rs1801278) polymorphism and various carcinomas risk reported conflicting results. Thus, a systemic review and meta-analysis of published studies were performed to assess the possible association. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all eligible studies of IRS1 Gly972Arg polymorphism and cancer risk. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the associations. A total of 16 independent studies, including 11,776 cases and 11,654 controls, were identified. When all studies were pooled, we found a significant association between IRS1 Gly972Arg polymorphism and increased cancer risk under dominant model (OR = 1.16, 95 %CI = 1.04-1.30, P = 0.007) and allelic model (OR = 1.16, 95 %CI = 1.02-1.30, P = 0.02). In subgroup analysis based on cancer type, increased cancer risk was found in ovarian cancer (dominant: OR = 1.55, 95 %CI = 1.17-2.05, P = 0.002; allelic: OR = 1.55, 95 %CI = 1.19-2.01, P = 0.001), breast cancer (allelic: OR = 1.12, 95 %CI = 1.00-1.26, P = 0.05), and other cancers (allelic: OR = 1.31, 95 %CI = 1.00-1.71, P = 0.05). When stratified by study types, significant associations were observed in both cohort studies (dominant: OR = 1.25, 95 %CI = 1.06-1.47, P = 0.007; allelic: OR = 1.25, 95 %CI = 1.07-1.46, P = 0.005) and case-control studies (dominant: OR = 1.15, 95 %CI = 1.01-1.31, P = 0.04). In the subgroup analyses by ethnicity, significantly increased cancer risk was suggested among both Caucasians (dominant: OR = 1.13, 95 %CI = 1.02-1.26, P = 0.02; allelic: OR = 1.13, 95 %CI = 1.03-1.25, P = 0.01) and mixed population (dominant: OR = 1.22, 95 %CI = 1.01-1.46, P = 0.04). Our investigations demonstrate that IRS1 Gly972Arg polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of cancer, and additional well-designed studies are warranted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtuan Zhang
- National Key Clinical Specialty of Urology, Tianjin Key Lab of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, 300211, Tianjin, China
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Maternal transmission of a humanised Igf2r allele results in an Igf2 dependent hypomorphic and non-viable growth phenotype. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57270. [PMID: 23468951 PMCID: PMC3585325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cation independent mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) functions in the transportation and regulation of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and mannose 6-phosphate modified proteins. The relative and specific titration of IGF2 by high affinity binding of IGF2R represents a mechanism that supports the parental conflict theory of genomic imprinting. Imprinting of Igf2 (paternal allele expressed) and Igf2r (maternal allele expressed) arose to regulate the relative supply of both proteins. Experiments in the mouse have established that loss of the maternal allele of Igf2r results in disproportionate growth and peri-natal lethality. In order to systematically investigate the consequences of loss of function and of hypomorphic alleles of Igf2r on growth functions, we introduced a conditional human IGF2R exon 3–48 cDNA into the intron 2 region of murine Igf2r. Here we show that the knock-in construct resulted in over-growth when the humanised Igf2r allele was maternally transmitted, a phenotype that was rescued by either paternal transmission of the humanised allele, expression of a wild-type paternal allele or loss of function of Igf2. We also show that expression of IGF2R protein was reduced to less than 50% overall in tissues previously known to be Igf2 growth dependent. This occurred despite the detection of mouse derived peptides, suggesting that trans-splicing of the knock-in human cDNA with the endogenous maternal mouse Igf2r allele. The phenotype following maternal transmission of the humanised allele resulted in overgrowth of the embryo, heart and placenta with partial peri-natal lethality, suggesting that further generation of hypomorphic Igf2r alleles are likely to be at the borderline of maintaining Igf2 dependent viability.
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K-Ras mutation-mediated IGF-1-induced feedback ERK activation contributes to the rapalog resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Cancer Lett 2012; 322:58-69. [PMID: 22342683 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is frequently activated in human cancers; however, clinical trials of rapalog (the mTORC1 inhibitors) have shown that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) resist to the treatment. Rapalog treatment activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in K-Ras mt PDAC cells. K-Ras knockdown abolished the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-induced ERK pathway in the K-Ras mt PDAC cells and enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of everolimus in treating K-Ras mt PDAC cells-derived mouse xenografts. The results indicate that targeting of K-Ras mutation may lead to the development of therapies that overcome rapalog resistance in PDAC.
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