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Senevirathna K, Mahakapuge TAN, Ileperuma P, Jayawardana NU, Jayarathne L, Weerasekara R, Gamage CU, Senevirathna B, Perera U, Jayasinghe R, Kanmodi KK. Correlation between serum heavy metals and the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19029. [PMID: 39152184 PMCID: PMC11329781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a serious public health problem in various Asian countries, including Sri Lanka, and a combination of cultural practices, lifestyle factors, and genetic predispositions influences the incidence of these cancers. The examination of the connection between exposure to heavy metals and the probability of developing oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and OSCC has been limited in its scope, and the overall consequences of such exposure remain largely unknown. This study aims to clarify the link between serum levels of heavy metals and the risk of OSCC and OPMD. The concentrations of seven heavy metals-namely, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)-were analyzed in serum samples from 60 cases and 15 controls in the Sri Lankan cohort. The Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used for the analysis. Subsequently, the data underwent statistical evaluation via the Kruskal-Wallis H test, using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28 software, with a confidence interval set at 95%. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The cohort consisted of 48 men and 27 women, with 15 patients each diagnosed with OSCC, OSF, OLK, and OLP, and 15 healthy controls. The study used the Kruskal-Wallis Test to compare metal concentrations across groups, finding significant differences for all metals except As and Pb. Significant associations were observed between age, past medical history, drug history, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel chewing. The Spearman Correlation test showed significant correlations between the concentrations of Cr, Co, Cu, As, and Zn and the presence of cancer/precancer conditions. The study's findings suggest that heavy metal contamination may be linked to the development of OSCC and precancerous conditions. When comparing OSCC and OPMD cases with controls, the serum concentrations of As and Pb did not differ significantly. However, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, and Zn exhibited significantly higher concentrations among cases compared to controls (p < 0.05). This study observed significant variations in the levels of these five heavy metals among cancerous (OSCC), premalignant (OPMD), and healthy tissues, suggesting a potential role in the progression of malignancies. These findings underscore the importance of environmental pollution in this specific context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpani Senevirathna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, Badulla, Sri Lanka
- Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Prasanna Ileperuma
- Department of Farm Animal Production and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Nadeeka U Jayawardana
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | - Bimalka Senevirathna
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sri Jayewardenepura University, Gangodawila, Sri Lanka
| | - Unil Perera
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Ruwan Jayasinghe
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Li R, Zhang R, Shi X, Jiao X, Li Y, Zhao Y, Liu T, Zhang C. Expression of FAP in Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int Dent J 2024; 74:581-588. [PMID: 38278714 PMCID: PMC11123527 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the potential of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as a biomarker in the progression of oral leukoplakia (OLK) carcinogenesis. This was achieved by evaluating FAP expression at different levels of the organisation, namely oral normal mucosa (NM), OLK, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Altogether, 88 paraffin-embedded tissue samples were examined, including 55 cases of OLK, 13 cases of OSCC, and 20 cases of NM (control group). An exhaustive investigation was performed to examine FAP expression in NM, OLK, and OSCC tissues via immunohistochemistry (IHC). The relationship between FAP expression and clinical pathologic characteristics was analysed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot (WB) also proved the expression of FAP in NM, OLK, and OSCC cells. Aberrant FAP expression in OLK and OSCC was explored using in vitro experiments. RESULTS Immunohistochemical results showed that high FAP expression was significantly correlated with histopathologic grade (P = .038) but not correlated with age, sex, or region (P = .953, .622, and .108, respectively). The expression level of FAP in NM tissues (0.15 ± 0.01) was minimal, whereas it was observed in OLK (0.28 ± 0.04) and OSCC (0.39 ± 0.02) tissues with a noticeable increase in expression levels (P < .001). The expression level of FAP in OLK with severe abnormal hyperplasia (S-OLK) tissues (0.33 ± 0.04) was significantly higher than in OLK with mild abnormal hyperplasia (MI-OLK, 0.26 ± 0.02) and OLK with moderate abnormal hyperplasia (MO-OLK, 0.28 ± 0.03) tissues (P < .001 and P = .039, respectively). The results of RT-PCR illustrated that the relative expression of FAP mRNA in OLK cells (2.63 ± 0.62) was higher than in NM cells (0.87 ± 0.14), but lower than in OSCC cells (5.63 ± 1.06; P = .027 and .012, respectively). FAP expression was minimal in NM cells (0.78 ± 0.06), modest in OLK cells (1.04 ± 0.06), and significantly elevated in OSCC cells (1.61 ± 0.09) based on the results of WB (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Significant variations in FAP expression were observed in NM, OLK, and OSCC tissues and cells. These findings revealed that FAP may be a reliable biomarker for the early diagnosis and evaluation of OLK carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaotong Shi
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yingjiao Zhao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunye Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology.
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Wei Y, Zhao Z, He J, Nie Y, Xu L, Xu A, Wu L. Connection between health risk and heavy metals in agricultural soils of China: a study based on current field investigations. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:7775-7789. [PMID: 37432490 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil is a threat to people's health and sustainable development. However, there is currently no nationwide health risk assessment in China. In this study, we performed a preliminary assessment of heavy metals in agricultural soils of the Chinese mainland, and found obvious carcinogenic risks (total lifetime carcinogenic risk (TLCR) > 1 × 10-5). A similar spatial distribution pattern was found in soil heavy metal and the mortality of esophagus and stomach cancers. Combining the potential carcinogenic risk assessed by LCR for individual heavy metal with Pearson correlation, Geographical Detector (q statistic > 0.75 for TLCR, p < 0.05), and redundancy analysis (RDA), it was found that long-term exposure and intake route of heavy metals exceeding the maximum safety threshold (Health Canada standard) may induce digestive system (esophagus, stomach, liver, and colorectum) cancers in rural populations. Through Partial Least Squares Path Model (PLS-PM), it was also revealed that the LCR of heavy metals was closely related to the soil environmental background (path coefficients = 0.82), which in turn was affected by factors such as economic development and pollution discharge. The current research results highlight the potential carcinogenic risk to the digestive system associated with low-dose and long-term exposure to heavy metals in agricultural soils, and policymakers should propose countermeasures and solutions according to the local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wei
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zihui Zhao
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jianuo He
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yaguang Nie
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Liqiang Xu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - An Xu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
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Wang S, Zheng C, Huang Y, He X. Betel quid may stimulate oral submucous fibrosis by inducing increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation via copper overload. Med Hypotheses 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Chandran A, Verma H, Quadri JA. Trace Elements Levels in Serum of Patients with Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:5037-5043. [PMID: 36742793 PMCID: PMC9895157 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a chronic airway disease characterized by unpredictable recurrences and relapses. Our study aimed to identify the role of trace elements, a proven risk factor for various malignancies, in the development of papilloma and to correlate their serum levels with various disease parameters. 32 RRP patients with 20 age-matched controls were recruited in the study. Analysis of serum trace elements was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in whole blood samples from cases and controls. The serum levels of trace elements were correlated with age of onset, history of previous surgeries, tracheostomy status, Derkay's score, and presence of dysplasia. Among the 32 cases there were 18 males and 14 females with a mean age of 20.85 years (range: 3-60 years). The mean serum levels of Thallium, Zinc, and Gallium were higher among cases compared to their controls whereas the levels of Arsenic, Copper, Cobalt, Selenium, Cadmium, and Lead were higher in control subjects compared to RRP patients. There was a statistically significant correlation of serum level of Cobalt with more than 3 surgeries per year (p = 0.02), Gallium and Thallium with Derkay's score of more than 20 (p = 0.04 and 0.05) and Lead, Arsenic and Gallium with presence tissue dysplasia (p = 0.05, 0.04 and 0.04). Our study had shown a variable association of trace elements in RRP patients. The usefulness of these values need to be completely elucidated and our study calls for future investigations to identify the casual association of various trace elements in the pathogenesis of RRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Chandran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Hitesh Verma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Javed Ahsan Quadri
- Department of Clinical Ecotoxicology (Diagnostic and Research) Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Chen IA, Chiu SF, Hung KC, Yu CH, Chen YC, Ho CH, Chiang WF, Chang YJ. Malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders in Taiwanese indigenous peoples: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31910. [PMID: 36401444 PMCID: PMC9678524 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) is a potential cause of oral cancer. Currently, there is no research investigating the rate of malignant transformation of OPMDs into oral cancer in indigenous Taiwanese peoples. This study aimed to retrospectively investigate whether ethnicity (indigenous vs non-indigenous people) plays a role in increasing the malignant transformation rate of OPMDs into oral cancer. This study used data from the oral mucosal screening database and the Cancer Registry File, both of which originated from the National Health Insurance Research Database. We matched the baseline characteristics to control for confounding factors between indigenous peoples and non-indigenous peoples (17,768 indigenous subjects vs 71,072 non-indigenous subjects; 1:4 match) and compared the 2 cohorts. After matching for confounding factors such as age, sex, habits, and OPMD subtype, the malignant transformation rate was not statistically higher for indigenous people than for non-indigenous people. We also discovered that indigenous people with oral verrucous hyperplasia might have a higher chance of malignant transformation into oral cancer than the non-indigenous cohort. We conclude that ethnicity is not a risk factor for the malignant transformation of OPMDs into oral cancer; however, indigenous people with oral verrucous hyperplasia need to pay special attention and are suggested to undergo regular follow-ups for the occurrence of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-An Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fu Chiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Hung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, College of Recreation and Health Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Department of Information Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Chiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan City, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jen Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Department of Recreation and Health-Care Management, College of Recreation and Health Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan City, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ying-Jen Chang, Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, No.901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan City 71004, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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Jenwitheesuk K, Peansukwech U, Jenwitheesuk K. Predictive MERRA-2 aerosol diagnostic model for oral, oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer caused by air pollution in Thai population. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:970-976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Chiang TE, Lin YC, Wu CT, Wu ST, Chen YW. Association between socioeconomic status and severity of oral epithelial dysplasia using a Taiwanese Nationwide Oral Mucosal Screening Program: a retrospective analysis. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:56. [PMID: 35246076 PMCID: PMC8895639 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and severity of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) using current data from the Taiwanese Nationwide Oral Mucosal Screening Program (TNOMSP). METHODS This retrospective analysis was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at a general hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. A total of 134 participants were analysed from a previous study database of 150 patients. The inclusion criteria included age > 20 years and a history of either tobacco or betel nut use. Background information, including para-habits such as betel and tobacco use, was analysed using the Pearson chi-square (χ2) test; furthermore, the correlation of background information with OED severity was investigated using logistic regression (mild or moderate/severe). RESULTS High school education level (P < 0.001), poor self-awareness (P = 0.002), current betel use (P < 0.001), and tobacco use (P = 0.003) were highly correlated with moderate- and severe OED (P < 0.05). The odds ratio (OR) of education status above senior high school was 0.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01-0.15, P < 0.001), while that of junior high school was 1. Current betel chewing (OR 6.57 [95% CI 1.17-37.0], P = 0.033) was significantly associated with OED severity compared with never or ex-use of betel. CONCLUSIONS We found a strong correlation between the severity of OED and current betel use and low education status. The current study revealed that the socioeconomic status, poor self-awareness, and para-habit history of the patients with OED should be evaluated to identify high-risk individuals using TNOMSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-En Chiang
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Rd., Sec. 2, Neihu District, Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Tsung Wu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Rd., Sec. 2, Neihu District, Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Tang Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Wu Chen
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Rd., Sec. 2, Neihu District, Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan, ROC.
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan, ROC.
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Tang JA, Amadio G, Ridge JA. Clinical and Histologic Features Associated With Malignant Transformation of Oral Cavity Dysplasia Managed at a Single North American Institution. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 148:28-34. [PMID: 35024779 PMCID: PMC8759007 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2021.2755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Importance Reports characterizing clinical and histologic features associated with a higher risk for development of malignant lesions in the background of an oral potentially malignant disorder have largely reflected East Asian populations. Long-term studies among the North American population are rare. Objective To evaluate risk of malignant transformation (MT) of oral dysplastic lesions by investigating the demographic, social, clinical, and histologic factors that may be associated with an increased rate as well as a decreased time to MT. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a retrospective cohort study with medical record review at a single institution from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2019, with follow-up for 20 years. Patients were excluded if they were younger than 18 years, the first biopsy diagnosis showed cancer, biopsies were never performed, biopsies were taken from sites outside of the oral cavity, there was no additional follow-up after the first visit, or the biopsy specimen was not characterized on the spectrum of dysplasia. Exposures Diagnosis of leukoplakia of oral mucosa, unspecified lesions of oral mucosa, or other disturbances of oral epithelium. Main Outcomes and Measures Main outcome measures included MT rate and time to MT as well as demographic, social, clinical, physical, and histologic features associated with MT. Results Thirty-eight of 264 lesions (14%) in 241 patients (132 men and 109 women; mean [SD] age, 64 [13] years) underwent MT. Of the 38 lesions that underwent MT, 19 (50%) underwent transformation by 424 days, 28 (75%) by 870 days, and 34 (90%) by 1600 days. Nodularity, friability, and mass effect were more commonly observed in malignant lesions (nodularity: 42.9% vs 10.0%; difference, 32.9%; OR, 6.72; 95% CI, 3.03-14.89; friability: 42.9% vs 12.8%; difference, 30.1%; OR, 5.11; 95% CI, 1.66-15.69; mass effect: 54.2% vs 10.4%; difference, 43.8%; OR, 10.16; 95% CI, 4.12-25.09). Men were less likely than women to have multiple lesions in the oral cavity (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.22-0.74). Having multiple abnormal sites was associated with higher percentage of MT (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.63-7.01). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, nodularity and mass effect were associated with lesions that may push, displace, or invade surrounding tissue, and these were more likely to be present in oral dysplastic lesions that ultimately progressed to cancer. There may be less utility in continuing surveillance beyond 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Grace Amadio
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John A. Ridge
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Aguirre-Urizar JM, Lafuente-Ibáñez de Mendoza I, Warnakulasuriya S. Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the last 5 years. Oral Dis 2021; 27:1881-1895. [PMID: 33606345 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most frequently encountered oral potentially malignant disorder. The aims of this systematic review are to estimate the overall malignant transformation of OL and to assess the risk factors associated with malignant transformation of OL published in the last 5 years (2015-2020). MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a bibliographic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases with keywords "oral leukoplakia", "oral cancer", "oral carcinoma" and "oral squamous cell carcinoma". Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were selected, that reported a total of 16,604 patients. Malignant transformation proportion varied between 1.1% and 40.8%. Female gender, non-homogeneous clinical type, and presence of epithelial dysplasia were significantly related to MT. Other risk factors previously suggested did not show significant results. CONCLUSIONS The pooled proportion of malignant transformation MT was 9.8% (95% CI: 7.9-11.7). It is necessary to continue to conduct well-designed prospective clinicopathological studies on OL, using a uniform definition for OL to reduce the risk of bias for evaluating various factors associated with the MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Aguirre-Urizar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine & Pathology Unit, Department of Stomatology II, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country/EHU, Lejona, Spain
| | - Irene Lafuente-Ibáñez de Mendoza
- Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine & Pathology Unit, Department of Stomatology II, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country/EHU, Lejona, Spain
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London and WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, London, UK
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Chiang TE, Lin YC, Wu CT, Yang CY, Wu ST, Chen YW. Comparison of the accuracy of diagnoses of oral potentially malignant disorders with dysplasia by a general dental clinician and a specialist using the Taiwanese Nationwide Oral Mucosal Screening Program. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244740. [PMID: 33428642 PMCID: PMC7799778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) with dysplasia in high-risk groups is suggested in countries with a high prevalence of the disorders. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of diagnoses of OPMDs with dysplasia made by a primary examiner (general dental clinician) and a specialist (oral and maxillofacial surgeon) using the current Taiwanese Nationwide Oral Mucosal Screening Program (TNOMSP). A total of 134 high-risk participants were enrolled for oral mucosal screening via the TNOMSP. A primary examiner and a specialist examined each participant. Mucosal biopsies were obtained and subjected to histopathological analysis. The OPMD most frequently diagnosed by the primary examiner was thin homogeneous leukoplakia (48/134; 35.8%), and in 39/134 participants (29.1%) the diagnosis was uncertain, but abnormalities were suggested. The OPMDs most frequently diagnosed by the specialist were erythroleukoplakia (23/134; 17.2%) and thin homogeneous leukoplakia (21/134; 15.7%), and 51/134 participants (38.1%) were diagnosed with other diseases. Via histopathology, 70/134 participants (52.3%) were diagnosed with dysplasia, and 58/134 (43.3%) were diagnosed with benign conditions. The specialist's diagnoses exhibited a higher specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy than the primary examiners. A specialist using the current TNOMSP for high-risk participants diagnosed OPMDs with dysplasia more accurately than a primary examiner. Early diagnosis of high-risk OPMDs is crucial in countries with a high prevalence of the disorders. Proficient examination via the current TNOMSP by trained clinician is effective for the management of OPMDs with dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-En Chiang
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Tsung Wu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Yu Yang
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Tang Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Planning, Medical Affairs Bureau, Ministry of National Defense, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuan-Wu Chen
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- * E-mail:
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Chiang WF, Chiu SF, Ho CH, Chen YC, Wu LW, Chen YL, Wu JH, Wu WS, Hung HK. Epidemiology profile and outcomes of oral potentially malignant disorders among different geographic regions of Taiwan: A retrospective observational nationwide population database study. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_257_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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13
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Genetic Susceptibility and Protein Expression of Extracellular Matrix Turnover-Related Genes in Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218104. [PMID: 33143101 PMCID: PMC7663238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) chewing increased the risk of oral cancer and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), an oral premalignant disorder (OPMD) with malignant transformation potential. BQ components such as areca nut (AN), trauma by coarse AN fiber, catechin, copper, alkaloids, stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation and cytotoxicity are suggested to be the contributing factors. They may induce tissue inflammation, proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen deposition, myofibroblast differentiation and contraction, collagen cross-links and inhibit collagen phagocytosis, finally leading to the development of OSMF and oral cancer. These events are mediated by BQ components-induced changes of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover via regulation of TGF-β1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), cystatin, lysyl oxidase (LOX) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and metalloproteinases (MMPs). Genetic susceptibility is also involved in these disease processes. Further understanding the molecular mechanisms of BQ-induced OSMF and oral cancer can be helpful for future disease prevention and treatment.
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Archanjo AB, Assis ALEMD, Oliveira MMD, Mendes SO, Borçoi AR, Maia LDL, Souza RPD, Cicco RD, Saito KC, Kimura ET, Carvalho MBD, Nunes FD, Tajara EH, Santos MD, Nogueira BV, Trivilin LO, Pinheiro CJG, Álvares-da-Silva AM. Elemental characterization of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship with smoking, prognosis and survival. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10382. [PMID: 32587307 PMCID: PMC7316707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) mainly affects individuals aged between 50 and 70 years who consume tobacco and alcohol. Tobacco smoke contains hundreds of known toxic and carcinogenic molecules, and a few studies have sought to verify the relationship of such trace elements as risk or prognostic factors for head and neck cancer. We obtained 78 samples of tumor tissues from patients with OCSCC, and performed a qualitative elemental characterization using the micro X-Ray Fluorescence technique based on synchrotron radiation. We found the presence of magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, zinc, cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic and bromine in OCSCC samples. Magnesium, chlorine, chromium, manganese, nickel, arsenic and bromine are associated with smoking. We observed a significant association between relapse and chlorine and chromium. The presence of chlorine in the samples was an independent protective factor against relapse (OR = 0.105, CI = 0.01-0.63) and for best disease-free survival (HR = 0.194, CI = 0.04-0.87). Reporting for the first time in oral cancer, these results suggest a key relationship between smoking and the presence of certain elements. In addition, chlorine proved to be important in the context of patient prognosis and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Barros Archanjo
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology/RENORBIO, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitoria, 29.040-090, ES, Brazil.
| | | | - Mayara Mota de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology/RENORBIO, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitoria, 29.040-090, ES, Brazil
| | - Suzanny Oliveira Mendes
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology/RENORBIO, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitoria, 29.040-090, ES, Brazil
| | - Aline Ribeiro Borçoi
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology/RENORBIO, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitoria, 29.040-090, ES, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Lima Maia
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology/RENORBIO, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitoria, 29.040-090, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael de Cicco
- Cancer Institute Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eloiza H Tajara
- Medical School of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dos Santos
- Multicampi School of Medical Sciences of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Caicó, Brazil
| | - Breno Valentim Nogueira
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology/RENORBIO, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitoria, 29.040-090, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana Madeira Álvares-da-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology/RENORBIO, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitoria, 29.040-090, ES, Brazil
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15
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Analyzing the Association between Candida Prevalence, Species Specificity, and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis— Candida and OSCC. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10031099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present review is a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the overall prevalence of Candida, and its species specificity in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keywords ‘Candida and oral squamous cell carcinoma’. Only case-control observational studies in the English language evaluating the prevalence and species specificity of Candida in OSCC were included. 297 articles were identified (PubMed-106, Scopus-148, Web of Science-43) using the keywords. After screening the titles and abstracts, 206 articles were removed as they were duplicates (118) or irrelevant to the topic (88). Full text of the remaining 91 articles was assessed using the inclusion criteria, based on which only seven articles were included in the systematic review. For the quantitative analysis, the odds ratio and confidence interval were assessed and a forest plot was generated. Based on the meta-analysis, there is an association between the total Candida, Candida albicans (CA) and OSCC, while the association with non-Candida albicans (NCA) is relatively weak. The number of studies included in the meta-analysis was relatively low (four to five). Further, at least one of the studies included in the meta-analysis for the association of CA., NCA and total Candida with OSCC had a Newcastle–Ottawa score below 7. Thus, although the results showed an association, the quality and quantity of the evidence may not be sufficient for conclusive inference.
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Lin TA, Wu TS, Li YJ, Yang CN, Illescas Ralda MM, Chang HH. Role and Mechanism of LIF in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020295. [PMID: 31973037 PMCID: PMC7073607 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metastasis is a severe problem in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been studied in different cancers, while the role of LIF in OSCC remains unclear. Methods: LIF expression was detected in 100 OSCC samples by immunohistochemistry. Effects of LIF on cell motility were evaluated in OSCC cell lines. High-throughput microarray analysis was also conducted. The correlation between LIF and the downstream effector was analyzed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Results: Patients with OSCC who had lymph node metastasis or advanced cancer stages showed high LIF expression. OSCC patients with higher LIF expression, advanced stage, large tumor size, or lymph node metastasis had significantly shorter overall survival. LIF regulated cancer cell motilities through outside-in signaling. The inhibin beta A subunit (INHBA) gene was identified as a crucial downstream effector of LIF-promoted OSCC progression and restored migration and invasion abilities in LIF knockdown transfectants. Conclusion: LIF enhances regional lymphatic spread, thus leading to an advanced cancer stage. Regulation of LIF downstream molecules such as INHBA inhibits the invasion or migration ability of cancer cells. Thus, LIF can be a potential target in preventing cancer metastasis and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-An Lin
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Tai-Sheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (T.-S.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (C.-N.Y.); (M.M.I.R.)
| | - Yue-Ju Li
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (T.-S.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (C.-N.Y.); (M.M.I.R.)
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ning Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (T.-S.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (C.-N.Y.); (M.M.I.R.)
| | - Monica Maria Illescas Ralda
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (T.-S.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (C.-N.Y.); (M.M.I.R.)
| | - Hao-Hueng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (T.-S.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (C.-N.Y.); (M.M.I.R.)
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23123456-66847; Fax: +886-2-23831346
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17
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Lei L, Zheng R, Peng K, Si L, Peng J, Cai W, Zhang S, Wei W, He J. Incidence and mortality of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in China, 2015. Chin J Cancer Res 2020; 32:1-9. [PMID: 32194299 PMCID: PMC7072017 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2020.01.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To report the incidence and mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Chinese population. Methods Data were taken from a population-based cancer registry collected by the National Central Cancer Registry of China (NCCRC) in 2015. The data collected from 501 local cancer registries in China were assessed using NCCRC screening methods and criteria. Incidence and mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer were stratified by age group, gender, and area. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were adjusted using the Chinese standard population in 2000 and Segi’s world population. Results In 2015, it was estimated that there were 51,765 oral and oropharyngeal cancer incident cases and 23,830 deaths in China. The crude incidence rate of oral and oropharyngeal cancer was 3.77/100,000, and the age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population and by Segi’s world standard population were 2.55/100,000 and 2.49/100,000, respectively. The crude mortality rate and the age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population and by Segi’s world standard population were 1.73/100,000, 1.09/100,000 and 1.08/100,000, respectively. Both incidence and mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer were higher in males and in urban areas. Residents in eastern areas had the highest incidence and mortality rates, followed by those from middle areas and western areas. The rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer increased greatly with age, especially after the age of 40 years. Conclusions This study reports the latest incidence and mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in China. Prevention intervention including early detection, treatment, and regular follow-ups is encouraged to be set up to reduce incidence and mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lei
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Rongshou Zheng
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ke Peng
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Lei Si
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Ji Peng
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Weicong Cai
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jie He
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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18
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Meng Y, Cave M, Zhang C. Comparison of methods for addressing the point-to-area data transformation to make data suitable for environmental, health and socio-economic studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:797-807. [PMID: 31280162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil lead (Pb) provides an important exposure pathway to the human body through soil ingestion and dust inhalation and is closely associated with human health as well as social behaviour. The challenge of transforming different spatial supports arises when linking point data (Pb concentration) to areal data (health status or social behaviour). A detailed review of methodologies for integrating point and areal data has been carried out. Among a number of methodologies, eight methods: (1) average, (2) median, (3) centroids inverse distance weighted (IDW), (4) average block IDW, (5) median block IDW, (6) centroids ordinary kriging (OK), (7) average block OK and (8) median block OK, have been compared using Pb data set in the Greater London Authority (GLA) area. The results indicated that the method of median block IDW was recommended for further investigation of the relationship between Pb concentration and socio-economic factors in the ward-level of the GLA area. The reasons were (i) spatial interpolations were useful for predicting unobserved values when simple average and median could not work in the locations where there were no samples collected in some areal units; (ii) the median value was more suitable than the average value for a skewed data set; (iii) the block method reduced estimation error and provided more representative values of areal units than the centroid method; (iv) IDW reserved more spatial variation than OK, containing more local maxima (hotspot) and local minima. Despite that it is still hard to decide the optimal method, this study has highlighted the point-to-area transformation issue and provided valuable examples to compare the different methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Meng
- International Network for Environment and Health, School of Geography and Archaeology, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mark Cave
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- International Network for Environment and Health, School of Geography and Archaeology, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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Farah CS, Pollaers K, Frydrych A. Management of Premalignant Disease of the Oral Mucosa. HEAD AND NECK CANCER CLINICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2931-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Zhang LW, Li J, Cong X, Hu XS, Li D, Wu LL, Hua H, Yu GY, Kerr AR. Incidence and mortality trends in oral and oropharyngeal cancers in China, 2005-2013. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 57:120-126. [PMID: 30396144 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral and oropharyngeal cancers are among the most common cancers globally. This study aimed to assess the incidence and mortality trends of oral and oropharyngeal cancers in China between 2005 and 2013. METHODS Estimates of national trends of oral and oropharyngeal cancers were based on the data from Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Reports. The crude incidence rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancers between 2015 and 2035 were evaluated. The age-standardized rate was based on the world standard population. RESULTS It was estimated that 285,857 new cases and 132,698 deaths were related to oral and oropharyngeal cancers in China between 2005 and 2013, with mouth and tongue cancers being the most frequently diagnosed and the leading causes of death among all oral and oropharyngeal cancers. The incidence rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer fluctuated from 1.69 to 1.89 per 100,000 person-years, and the mortality rate showed an increasing trend, ranging from 0.77 and 0.84 per 100,000 person-years. Males were more susceptible than females to oral and oropharyngeal cancers. The incidence and mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancers were significantly higher in urban regions. The crude incidence rates of oral cancers are projected to increase from 2.26 to 3.21 per 100,000 person-years over the next 20 years in China. CONCLUSION The incidence of oral and oropharyngeal cancers fluctuated, whereas the mortality rate showed an upward trend from 2005 to 2013. A heavier burden from oral and oropharyngeal cancers is predicted in the next two decades in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xin Cong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Hu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Hong Hua
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Guang-Yan Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Alexander Ross Kerr
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology & Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, 10010, USA.
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Bandeira CM, de Almeida AÁ, Carta CFL, Almeida AA, de Figueiredo FAT, Sandrim VC, Gonçalves AJ, Almeida JD. Tobacco influence in heavy metals levels in head and neck cancer cases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:27650-27656. [PMID: 30056540 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals intoxication is known to be risk factors for various diseases, including cancer. These metals may be presented in food and soil as well as in leaf and tobacco smoke. The aim of this study was to correlate the exposure to heavy metals stemming from tobacco and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma carcinogenesis. Analysis of lead, copper, manganese, arsenic, chromium, and cadmium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry was performed in whole blood samples from 91 patients: 68 smokers with oral cavity, pharynx, or laryngeal cancer; 8 non-smokers with oral or larynx cancer; and 15 non-cancer smokers with tobacco-related diseases (control group). No differences were found in metals quantifications, except a significant difference was observed (p = 0.0223) with higher mean in copper levels for non-smokers with cancer. The present study concluded, for the groups evaluated, it was not possible to prove the relationship between the studied metals in the development of the neoplasm. On the other hand, the results of copper demonstrated a correlation with smokers with cancer and lower levels of circulating copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso Muller Bandeira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo 777, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ávila de Almeida
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo 777, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alaor Aparecido Almeida
- Center of Toxicological Assistance (CEATOX), Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Fellipe Augusto Tocchini de Figueiredo
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo 777, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Valeria Cristina Sandrim
- Department of Pharmacology, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio José Gonçalves
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Sciences College, Irmandade daSanta Casa de Misericordia de Sao Paulo (ISCMSP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Janete Dias Almeida
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo 777, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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Diagnóstico precoz y prevención en cáncer de cavidad oral. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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23
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Lee MR, Lin C, Lu CC, Kuo SC, Tsao JW, Juan YN, Chiu HY, Lee FY, Yang JS, Tsai FJ. YC-1 induces G 0/G 1 phase arrest and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer CAR cells. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2017; 7:12. [PMID: 28612710 PMCID: PMC5479426 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2017070205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a serious and fatal disease. Cisplatin is the first line of chemotherapeutic agent for oral cancer therapy. However, the development of drug resistance and severe side effects cause tremendous problems clinically. In this study, we investigated the pharmacologic mechanisms of YC-1 on cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer cell line, CAR. Our results indicated that YC-1 induced a concentration-dependent and time-dependent decrease in viability of CAR cells analyzed by MTT assay. Real-time image analysis of CAR cells by IncuCyte™ Kinetic Live Cell Imaging System demonstrated that YC-1 inhibited cell proliferation and reduced cell confluence in a time-dependent manner. Results from flow cytometric analysis revealed that YC-1 promoted G0/G1 phase arrest and provoked apoptosis in CAR cells. The effects of cell cycle arrest by YC-1 were further supported by up-regulation of p21 and down-regulation of cyclin A, D, E and CDK2 protein levels. TUNEL staining showed that YC-1 caused DNA fragmentation, a late stage feature of apoptosis. In addition, YC-1 increased the activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3, disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential (AYm) and stimulated ROS production in CAR cells. The protein levels of cytochrome c, Bax and Bak were elevated while Bcl-2 protein expression was attenuated in YC-1-treated CAR cells. In summary, YC-1 suppressed the viability of cisplatin-resistant CAR cells through inhibiting cell proliferation, arresting cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and triggering mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Our results provide evidences to support the potentially therapeutic application of YC-1 on fighting against drug resistant oral cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miau-Rong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
- Chinese Medicinal Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Je-Wei Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ning Juan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yi Chiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Lee
- Yung-Shin Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., Tachia, Taichung 437, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan - School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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