1
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Trojani MC, Santucci-Darmanin S, Breuil V, Carle GF, Pierrefite-Carle V. Lysosomal exocytosis: From cell protection to protumoral functions. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217024. [PMID: 38871244 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes are single membrane bounded group of acidic organelles that can be involved in a process called lysosomal exocytosis which leads to the extracellular release of their content. Lysosomal exocytosis is required for plasma membrane repair or remodeling events such as bone resorption, antigen presentation or mitosis, and for protection against toxic agents such as heavy metals. Recently, it has been showed that to fulfill this protective role, lysosomal exocytosis needs some autophagic proteins, in an autophagy-independent manner. In addition to these crucial physiological roles, lysosomal exocytosis plays a major protumoral role in various cancers. This effect is exerted through tumor microenvironment modifications, including extracellular matrix remodeling, acidosis, oncogenic and profibrogenic signals. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the different elements released in the microenvironment during lysosomal exocytosis, i.e. proteases, exosomes, and protons, and their effects in the context of tumor development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Trojani
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France; Service de Rhumatologie, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Sabine Santucci-Darmanin
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France; CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Breuil
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France; Service de Rhumatologie, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Georges F Carle
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France; CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Pierrefite-Carle
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France; INSERM, Paris, France.
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2
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Radisky ES. Extracellular proteolysis in cancer: Proteases, substrates, and mechanisms in tumor progression and metastasis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107347. [PMID: 38718867 PMCID: PMC11170211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A vast ensemble of extracellular proteins influences the development and progression of cancer, shaped and reshaped by a complex network of extracellular proteases. These proteases, belonging to the distinct classes of metalloproteases, serine proteases, cysteine proteases, and aspartic proteases, play a critical role in cancer. They often become dysregulated in cancer, with increases in pathological protease activity frequently driven by the loss of normal latency controls, diminished regulation by endogenous protease inhibitors, and changes in localization. Dysregulated proteases accelerate tumor progression and metastasis by degrading protein barriers within the extracellular matrix (ECM), stimulating tumor growth, reactivating dormant tumor cells, facilitating tumor cell escape from immune surveillance, and shifting stromal cells toward cancer-promoting behaviors through the precise proteolysis of specific substrates to alter their functions. These crucial substrates include ECM proteins and proteoglycans, soluble proteins secreted by tumor and stromal cells, and extracellular domains of cell surface proteins, including membrane receptors and adhesion proteins. The complexity of the extracellular protease web presents a significant challenge to untangle. Nevertheless, technological strides in proteomics, chemical biology, and the development of new probes and reagents are enabling progress and advancing our understanding of the pivotal importance of extracellular proteolysis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evette S Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
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3
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Terzani F, Belhattab S, Le Guern A, Guitot K, Monasson O, Zanato C, Chelain E, Leroy-Dudal J, Pytkowicz J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of selective Pepstatin based trifluoromethylated inhibitors of Cathepsin D. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116178. [PMID: 38295686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Cathepsin D (CD) is overexpressed in several types of cancer and constitutes an important biological target. Pepstatin A, a pentapeptide incorporating two non-proteinogenic statin residues, is among the most potent inhibitor of CD but lacks selectivity and suffers from poor bioavailability. Eight analogues of Pepstatin A, were synthesized, replacing residues in P3 or P1 position by non-canonical (S)- and (R)-α-Trifluoromethyl Alanine (TfmAla), (S)- and (R)-Trifluoromethionine (TFM) or non-natural d-Valine. The biological activities of those analogues were quantified on isolated CD and Pepsin by fluorescence-based assay (FRET) and cytotoxicity of the best fluorinated inhibitors was evaluated on SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line. (R)-TFM based analog of Pepstatin A (compound 6) returned a sub-nanomolar IC50 against CD and an increased selectivity. Molecular Docking experiments could partially rationalize these results. Stabilized inhibitor 6 in the catalytic pocket of CD showed strong hydrophobic interactions of the long and flexible TFM side chain with lipophilic residues of S1 and S3 sub-pockets of the catalytic pocket. The newly synthesized inhibitors returned no cytotoxicity at IC50 concentrations on SKOV3 cancer cells, however the compounds derived from (S)-TfmAla and (R)-TFM led to modifications of cells morphologies, associated with altered organization of F-actin and extracellular Fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Terzani
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Sherazade Belhattab
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Aurore Le Guern
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Karine Guitot
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Olivier Monasson
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Chiara Zanato
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Evelyne Chelain
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Johanne Leroy-Dudal
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe, (EA1391), Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), CY Cergy Paris Université, Neuville sur Oise, France.
| | - Julien Pytkowicz
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
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4
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Huber RJ, Kim WD, Wilson-Smillie MLDM. Mechanisms regulating the intracellular trafficking and release of CLN5 and CTSD. Traffic 2024; 25:e12925. [PMID: 38272448 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal 5 (CLN5) and cathepsin D (CTSD) are soluble lysosomal enzymes that also localize extracellularly. In humans, homozygous mutations in CLN5 and CTSD cause CLN5 disease and CLN10 disease, respectively, which are two subtypes of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (commonly known as Batten disease). The mechanisms regulating the intracellular trafficking of CLN5 and CTSD and their release from cells are not well understood. Here, we used the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum as a model system to examine the pathways and cellular components that regulate the intracellular trafficking and release of the D. discoideum homologs of human CLN5 (Cln5) and CTSD (CtsD). We show that both Cln5 and CtsD contain signal peptides for secretion that facilitate their release from cells. Like Cln5, extracellular CtsD is glycosylated. In addition, Cln5 release is regulated by the amount of extracellular CtsD. Autophagy induction promotes the release of Cln5, and to a lesser extent CtsD. Release of Cln5 requires the autophagy proteins Atg1, Atg5, and Atg9, as well as autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion. Atg1 and Atg5 are required for the release of CtsD. Together, these data support a model where Cln5 and CtsD are actively released from cells via their signal peptides for secretion and pathways linked to autophagy. The release of Cln5 and CtsD from cells also requires microfilaments and the D. discoideum homologs of human AP-3 complex mu subunit, the lysosomal-trafficking regulator LYST, mucopilin-1, and the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome-associated protein WASH, which all regulate lysosomal exocytosis in this model organism. These findings suggest that lysosomal exocytosis also facilitates the release of Cln5 and CtsD from cells. In addition, we report the roles of ABC transporters, microtubules, osmotic stress, and the putative D. discoideum homologs of human sortilin and cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor in regulating the intracellular/extracellular distribution of Cln5 and CtsD. In total, this study identifies the cellular mechanisms regulating the release of Cln5 and CtsD from D. discoideum cells and provides insight into how altered trafficking of CLN5 and CTSD causes disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - William D Kim
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Zhang Y, Yu Y, Zhou H, Zhao M, Pan X. A novel function by cathepsin D in degradation of nucleic acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:250-258. [PMID: 37826948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin D (CTSD) is an aspartic endopeptidase, however, we found that it was also capable of enzymatic digestion of nucleic acids (NAs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the basic properties of CTSD enzymatic activity on NAs, and explore the degradation mechanism. The results showed that NAs were efficiently digested between pH 3.0 and 5.0, and the optimum pH was 3.5. CTSD exhibited optimum activity at the temperature of 50°C. The degradation rate was improved with an increased CTSD concentration, and NAs were digested to an enzyme concentration of 0.001%, at which point, NAs were no longer digested. Ca2+ and Mg2+ at low concentrations of 5 mM promoted the digestion remarkably. As the protein substrate for CTSD, both Hb and BSA had no effect on DNA degradation, even when the molar ratio of protein:DNA was 104:1. Kinetic parameters of Km and kcat/Km value were (42 ± 1) μM and (1.62 ± 0.1) × 10-2 s-1mM-1 respectively, using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). Specially, pepstatin A which is the specific aspartic protease inhibitor exhibited inhibitory effect on NA digestion by CTSD as well, suggesting that the catalytic active site of CTSD for NAs might be the same as protein. A brief degradation mechanism is discussed. The present study may change the cognition of CTSD specificity for substrate and contribute greatly to enzymology of CTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zhang
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanoscience and Technology for Prepared Food, Yantai, Shandong, China; Institute of Bionanotechnology, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
| | - Yingying Yu
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Haoran Zhou
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoming Pan
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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6
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Kozak A, Mikhaylov G, Khodakivskyi P, Goun E, Turk B, Vasiljeva O. A New Cathepsin D Targeting Drug Delivery System Based on Immunoliposomes Functionalized with Lipidated Pepstatin A. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2464. [PMID: 37896224 PMCID: PMC10609775 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin D is an aspartic protease and one of the most abundant proteases. It is overexpressed in many cancers and plays an important role in tumor development, progression, and metastasis. While it is a physiologically intracellular protein, cathepsin D is secreted into the extracellular matrix under pathological conditions, making it an appealing target for drug delivery systems. Here, we present the development and evaluation of a new delivery system for tumor targeting based on immunoliposomes functionalized with pepstatin A-a natural peptide inhibitor of cathepsin D. A lipid tail was added to pepstatin A, enabling its incorporation into the liposomal lipid bilayer. The successful targeting of cathepsin D was confirmed using recombinant cathepsin D and in tumor cell lines, showing the feasibility of this targeting approach and its potential for in vivo use in theragnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Kozak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Georgy Mikhaylov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- SwissLumix SARL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pavlo Khodakivskyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Elena Goun
- SwissLumix SARL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Olga Vasiljeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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7
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Verma R, Aggarwal P, Bischoff ME, Reigle J, Secic D, Wetzel C, VandenHeuvel K, Biesiada J, Ehmer B, Landero Figueroa JA, Plas DR, Medvedovic M, Meller J, Czyzyk-Krzeska MF. Microtubule-associated protein MAP1LC3C regulates lysosomal exocytosis and induces zinc reprogramming in renal cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104663. [PMID: 37003503 PMCID: PMC10173779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 gamma (MAP1LC3C or LC3C) is a member of the microtubule-associated family of proteins that are essential in the formation of autophagosomes and lysosomal degradation of cargo. LC3C has tumor-suppressing activity, and its expression is dependent on kidney cancer tumor suppressors, such as von Hippel-Lindau protein and folliculin. Recently, we demonstrated that LC3C autophagy is regulated by noncanonical upstream regulatory complexes and targets for degradation postdivision midbody rings associated with cancer cell stemness. Here, we show that loss of LC3C leads to peripheral positioning of the lysosomes and lysosomal exocytosis (LE). This process is independent of the autophagic activity of LC3C. Analysis of isogenic cells with low and high LE shows substantial transcriptomic reprogramming with altered expression of zinc (Zn)-related genes and activity of polycomb repressor complex 2, accompanied by a robust decrease in intracellular Zn. In addition, metabolomic analysis revealed alterations in amino acid steady-state levels. Cells with augmented LE show increased tumor initiation properties and form aggressive tumors in xenograft models. Immunocytochemistry identified high levels of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 on the plasma membrane of cancer cells in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma and reduced levels of Zn, suggesting that LE occurs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, potentially contributing to the loss of Zn. These data indicate that the reprogramming of lysosomal localization and Zn metabolism with implication for epigenetic remodeling in a subpopulation of tumor-propagating cancer cells is an important aspect of tumor-suppressing activity of LC3C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Verma
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Parul Aggarwal
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan E Bischoff
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - James Reigle
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Dina Secic
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Collin Wetzel
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine VandenHeuvel
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacek Biesiada
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Birgit Ehmer
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Julio A Landero Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry, Agilent Metallomics Center of the Americas, University of Cincinnati College of Arts and Science, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacology and System Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David R Plas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jarek Meller
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacology and System Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Maria F Czyzyk-Krzeska
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacology and System Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Veterans Affairss, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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8
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Lysosomes as a Target of Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032176. [PMID: 36768500 PMCID: PMC9916765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are organelles containing acidic hydrolases that are responsible for lysosomal degradation and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. They play an important role in autophagy, as well as in various cell death pathways, such as lysosomal and apoptotic death. Various agents, including drugs, can induce lysosomal membrane permeability, resulting in the translocation of acidic hydrolases into the cytoplasm, which promotes lysosomal-mediated death. This type of death may be of great importance in anti-cancer therapy, as both cancer cells with disturbed pathways leading to apoptosis and drug-resistant cells can undergo it. Important compounds that damage the lysosomal membrane include lysosomotropic compounds, antihistamines, immunosuppressants, DNA-damaging drugs, chemotherapeutics, photosensitizers and various plant compounds. An interesting approach in the treatment of cancer and the search for ways to overcome the chemoresistance of cancer cells may also be combining lysosomotropic compounds with targeted modulators of autophagy to induce cell death. These compounds may be an alternative in oncological treatment, and lysosomes may become a promising therapeutic target for many diseases, including cancer. Understanding the functional relationships between autophagy and apoptosis and the possibilities of their regulation, both in relation to normal and cancer cells, can be used to develop new and more effective anticancer therapies.
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9
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Altıntop MD, Özdemir A, Temel HE, Demir Cevizlidere B, Sever B, Kaplancıklı ZA, Akalın Çiftçi G. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of arylidene indanones as small molecules for targeted therapy of non-small cell lung carcinoma and prostate cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Abideen SA, Khan M, Irfan M, Ahmad S. Deciphering the dynamics of cathepsin D as a potential drug target to enhance anticancer drug-induced apoptosis. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Zhang Z, Nakata E, Shibano Y, Morii T. FRET-based cathepsin probes for simultaneous detection of cathepsin B and D activities. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200319. [PMID: 35929606 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent cathepsin probes were prepared by modification of peptidic substrates for cathepsin B (CTSB) and cathepsin D (CTSD) with FRET pairs. Fluorophores with distinguishable emission characteristics were applied to CTSB and CTSD probes with their appropriate quenchers to simultaneously monitor the activity of CTSB and/or CTSD. Conjugation of both the CTSB and CTSD probes with short single-stranded DNA drastically increased their reactivity to cathepsins over the parent probes possibly by improving their solubility. The activity of CTSB and CTSD were simultaneously detected by using these orthogonal FRET-based cathepsin probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiao Zhang
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku, Institute of Advanced Energy, Gokasyo, 611-0011, Uji, JAPAN
| | - Eiji Nakata
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku, Institute of Advanced Energy, Gokasyo, 611-0011, Uji, JAPAN
| | - Yuya Shibano
- Kyoto University - Uji Campus: Kyoto Daigaku - Uji Campus, Institute of Advanced energy, Gokasyo, 6110011, Uji, JAPAN
| | - Takashi Morii
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku, Institute of Advanced Energy, Gokasyo, 611-0011, Uji, JAPAN
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12
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Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Analysis, and Expression Patterns of Cathepsin Superfamily in Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) following Aeromonas salmonicida Infection. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080504. [PMID: 36005507 PMCID: PMC9409823 DOI: 10.3390/md20080504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins are lysosomal cysteine proteases belonging to the papain family and play crucial roles in intracellular protein degradation/turnover, hormone maturation, antigen processing, and immune responses. In the present study, 18 cathepsins were systematically identified from the fish S. schlegelii genome. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that cathepsin superfamilies are categorized into eleven major clusters. Synteny and genome organization analysis revealed that whole-genome duplication led to the expansion of S. schlegelii cathepsins. Evolutionary rate analyses indicated that the lowest Ka/Ks ratios were observed in CTSBa (0.13) and CTSBb (0.14), and the highest Ka/Ks ratios were observed in CTSZa (1.97) and CTSZb (1.75). In addition, cathepsins were ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues, with high expression levels observed in the gill, intestine, head kidney, and spleen. Additionally, most cathepsins were differentially expressed in the head kidney, gill, spleen, and liver following Aeromonas salmonicida infection, and their expression signatures showed tissue-specific and time-dependent patterns. Finally, protein–protein interaction network (PPI) analyses revealed that cathepsins are closely related to a few immune-related genes, such as interleukins, chemokines, and TLR genes. These results are expected to be valuable for comparative immunological studies and provide insights for further functional characterization of cathepsins in fish species.
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13
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Moraes JDN, Francisco AF, Dill LM, Diniz RS, Oliveira CSD, Silva TMRD, Caldeira CADS, Corrêa EDA, Coutinho-Neto A, Zanchi FB, Fontes MRDM, Soares AM, Calderon LDA. New multienzymatic complex formed between human cathepsin D and snake venom phospholipase A2. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2022; 28:e20220002. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleff Ferreira Francisco
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology of Epidemiology of the Western Amazon, Brazil; Smart Active Ingredients Lab (SAIL), Brazil
| | | | - Rafaela Souza Diniz
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology of Epidemiology of the Western Amazon, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Berton Zanchi
- Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil
| | | | - Andreimar Martins Soares
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology of Epidemiology of the Western Amazon, Brazil; São Lucas University Center (UniSL), Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Azevedo Calderon
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Brazil; Smart Active Ingredients Lab (SAIL), Brazil; Aparicio Carvalho University Center (FIMCA), Brazil
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14
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Mohapatra PK, Srivastava R, Varshney KK, Babu SH. Formulation and Evaluation of Isradipine Nanosuspension and Exploring its Role as a Potential Anticancer Drug by Computational Approach. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1984-2001. [PMID: 34353274 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210805125426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-type calcium channels are aberrantly expressed in different human cancers and regulate cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration, and survival. FAK-1 can promote tumor protein degradation (p53) through ubiquitination, leading to cancer cell growth and proliferation. Similar findings are obtained regarding protease inhibitors' effect on cytokine-induced neutrophil activation that suppresses Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) TNF-α-induced O2 release and adherence in human neutrophils without affecting phosphorylation of Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38. Nanosuspensions are carrier-free, submicron colloidal dispersions which consist of pure drugs and stabilizers. Incorporating drug loaded in nanosuspensions possessed great advantages of passive drug targeting with improved solubility, stability, and bioavailability, as well as lower systemic toxicity. OBJECTIVE The present investigation objective was to establish a molecular association of Protease and Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 as cancer targets for isradipine a calcium channel blocker (CCB). Furthermore, the study also aimed to formulate its optimized nanosuspension and how the physical, morphological, and dissolution properties of isradipine impact nanosuspension stability. MATERIAL AND METHOD Five different molecular targets, namely Cysteine Proteases (Cathepsin B), Serine Proteases (Matriptase), Aspartate Proteases, Matrix Metalloproteases (MMP), and FAK-1 were obtained from RCSB-PDB, which has some leading associations with the inhibition in cancer pathogenesis. Molecular interactions of these targets with CCB isradipine were identified and established by the molecular simulation docking studies. Isradipine-loaded nanosuspension was prepared by precipitation technique by employing a 23 factorial design. PVP K-30, poloxamer 188, and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) were used as polymer, co-polymer, and surfactant. The nanosuspension particles are characterized for particle size, zeta potential, viscosity, polydispersity index (PDI), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), In-vitro drug release kinetics, and short-term stability study. RESULT It was found to show considerable interaction with Cysteine, Serine, Aspartate, Threonine, and Matrix metalloproteases with the binding energy of -3.91, -6.7, -3.48, -8.42, respectively. Furthermore, the interaction of isradipine with FAK-1 was compared with 7 native ligands and was found to show significant interaction with a binding energy of -8.62, -7.27, -7.69, -5.67, -5.41, -7.44, -8.21. The optimized nanosuspension was evaluated and exhibited the particle size of 754.9 nm, zeta potential of 32.5 mV, the viscosity of 1.287 cp, and PDI of 1.000. The in-vitro dissolution of the optimized formulation (F8) was higher (96.57%). CONCLUSION Isradipine could act as a potential inhibitor of different proteases and FAK-1 associated with tumor growth initiation, progression, and metastasis. Furthermore, isradipine-loaded nanosuspension with optimized release could be utilized to deliver the anticancer drug in a more targeted way as emerging cancer nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Kumar Mohapatra
- Moradabad Educational Trust Group of Institutions Faculty of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Rajnish Srivastava
- Moradabad Educational Trust Group of Institutions Faculty of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - Krishna Kumar Varshney
- Moradabad Institute of Technology (MIT) College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. India
| | - S Haresh Babu
- Lydia College of Pharmacy, Ravulapalem, Andhra Pradesh. India
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15
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Yang J, Ding X, Meng S, Cai J, Zhou W. The c.863A>G (p.Glu288Gly) variant of the CTSD gene is not associated with CLN10 disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1777. [PMID: 34331747 PMCID: PMC8580076 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cathepsin D is a lysosomal aspartic protease encoded by the CTSD gene. It plays important roles in many biological processes. Biallelic loss‐of‐function mutation of CTSD is considered a cause of CLN10 disease. CLN10 is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is one of 14 types of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs). To date, only a few cases of CLN10 and 12 disease‐causing mutations have been reported worldwide. Methods Exome sequencing was performed on a 15‐year‐old girl with pervasive brain developmental disorder. The effects of the identified variants were investigated through multiple functional experiments. Results There were no differences in mRNA and protein expression, intracellular localization, maturation, and proteolytic activity between the cells with the mutant CTSD gene and those with the wild‐type CTSD gene. Conclusion These results suggest that the c.863A>G (p.Glu288Gly) homozygous variant is not a pathogenic variation, but a benign variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoting Ding
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shasha Meng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhua Cai
- Department of Radiology of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihui Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Habič A, Novak M, Majc B, Lah Turnšek T, Breznik B. Proteases Regulate Cancer Stem Cell Properties and Remodel Their Microenvironment. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:775-794. [PMID: 34310223 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211035192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic activity is perturbed in tumors and their microenvironment, and proteases also affect cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are the therapy-resistant subpopulation of cancer cells with tumor-initiating capacity that reside in specialized tumor microenvironment niches. In this review, we briefly summarize the significance of proteases in regulating CSC activities with a focus on brain tumor glioblastoma. A plethora of proteases and their inhibitors participate in CSC invasiveness and affect intercellular interactions, enhancing CSC immune, irradiation, and chemotherapy resilience. Apart from their role in degrading the extracellular matrix enabling CSC migration in and out of their niches, we review the ability of proteases to modulate CSC properties, which prevents their elimination. When designing protease-oriented therapies, the multifaceted roles of proteases should be thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Habič
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,The Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bernarda Majc
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,The Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamara Lah Turnšek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,The Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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17
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Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Alrumaihi F, Almatroodi SA, Alkurbi MO, Basfar GT, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Novel Approaches of Dysregulating Lysosome Functions in Cancer Cells by Specific Drugs and Its Nanoformulations: A Smart Approach of Modern Therapeutics. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5065-5098. [PMID: 34345172 PMCID: PMC8324981 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s321343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The smart strategy of cancer cells to bypass the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway has led to the discovery of novel anti-cancer approaches including the targeting of lysosomes. Recent discoveries observed that lysosomes perform far beyond just recycling of cellular waste, as these organelles are metabolically very active and mediate several signalling pathways to sense the cellular metabolic status. These organelles also play a significant role in mediating the immune system functions. Thus, direct or indirect lysosome-targeting with different drugs can be considered a novel therapeutic approach in different disease including cancer. Recently, some anticancer lysosomotropic drugs (eg, nortriptyline, siramesine, desipramine) and their nanoformulations have been engineered to specifically accumulate within these organelles. These drugs can enhance lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) or disrupt the activity of resident enzymes and protein complexes, like v-ATPase and mTORC1. Other anticancer drugs like doxorubicin, quinacrine, chloroquine and DQ661 have also been used which act through multi-target points. In addition, autophagy inhibitors, ferroptosis inducers and fluorescent probes have also been used as novel theranostic agents. Several lysosome-specific drug nanoformulations like mixed charge and peptide conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), Au-ZnO hybrid NPs, TPP-PEG-biotin NPs, octadecyl-rhodamine-B and cationic liposomes, etc. have been synthesized by diverse methods. These nanoformulations can target cathepsins, glucose-regulated protein 78, or other lysosome specific proteins in different cancers. The specific targeting of cancer cell lysosomes with drug nanoformulations is quite recent and faces tremendous challenges like toxicity concerns to normal tissues, which may be resolved in future research. The anticancer applications of these nanoformulations have led them up to various stages of clinical trials. Here in this review article, we present the recent updates about the lysosome ultrastructure, its cross-talk with other organelles, and the novel strategies of targeting this organelle in tumor cells as a recent innovative approach of cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad O Alkurbi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaiyda Talal Basfar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Different Immune Responses of the Lymphoid Organ in Shrimp at Early Challenge Stage of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and WSSV. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082160. [PMID: 34438618 PMCID: PMC8388422 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Disease is a frequently encountered problem in aquaculture, which always causes global economic losses. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are two of the most destructive pathogens causing severe loss of shrimp aquaculture. Understanding the host immune responses against different pathogens is vital for developing effective disease control technologies. The lymphoid organ is a vital part of the shrimp immune system and exhibits important immune functions including cellular and humoral immunity. However, the immune function of the lymphoid organ and its responses against different pathogens are still largely unclear. In the present study, transcriptomic analysis was applied to compare the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the lymphoid organ of shrimp after Vibrio or WSSV challenge. Data showed that Vibrio challenge induced broad immune responses in the lymphoid organ including activation of several pattern recognition receptors, the proPO activating system, phagocytosis related genes, and immune effectors. In contrast, the immune responses seemed to be inhibited after WSSV infection. The present study suggests that the shrimp lymphoid organ plays different functions in response to the infection of distinct pathogens at early stage, which provides new insights into the immune functions of lymphoid organ in shrimp. Abstract The lymphoid organ is an essential part of the immune system involved in cellular and humoral immune responses in shrimp. However, its roles in the immune responses against different pathogens are still largely unclear. In the present study, transcriptomic analysis was applied to compare the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the lymphoid organ of shrimp after Vibrio or WSSV challenge. In total, 2127 DEGs were screened in the lymphoid organ of shrimp at 6 h post Vibrio parahaemolyticus injection, and 1569 DEGs were obtained at the same time after WSSV challenge. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of these DEGs revealed that two significantly enriched pathways including “neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction” and “protein digestion and absorption” were responsive to both pathogens. In contrast, “lysosome” was the significantly enriched pathway only in Vibrio challenge whereas carbohydrate metabolism related pathways were the significantly enriched pathways only in WSSV challenge. Further analysis on immune-related DEGs showed that Vibrio challenge induced broad immune responses in the lymphoid organ including activation of several pattern recognition receptors, the proPO activating system, phagocytosis related genes, and immune effectors. In contrast, the immune responses seemed to be inhibited after WSSV infection. The data suggest that the shrimp lymphoid organ plays different functions in response to the infection of distinct pathogens at the early stage, which provides new insights into the immune functions of lymphoid organ in shrimp.
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19
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Liu YJ, Zhang T, Chen S, Cheng D, Wu C, Wang X, Duan D, Zhu L, Lou H, Gong Z, Wang XD, Ho MS, Duan S. The noncanonical role of the protease cathepsin D as a cofilin phosphatase. Cell Res 2021; 31:801-813. [PMID: 33514914 PMCID: PMC8249557 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00454-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin D (cathD) is traditionally regarded as a lysosomal protease that degrades substrates in acidic compartments. Here we report cathD plays an unconventional role as a cofilin phosphatase orchestrating actin remodeling. In neutral pH environments, the cathD precursor directly dephosphorylates and activates the actin-severing protein cofilin independent of its proteolytic activity, whereas mature cathD degrades cofilin in acidic pH conditions. During development, cathD complements the canonical cofilin phosphatase slingshot and regulates the morphogenesis of actin-based structures. Moreover, suppression of cathD phosphatase activity leads to defective actin organization and cytokinesis failure. Our findings identify cathD as a dual-function molecule, whose functional switch is regulated by environmental pH and its maturation state, and reveal a novel regulatory role of cathD in actin-based cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Liu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XResearch Units for Emotion and Emotion Disorders, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Ting Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XResearch Units for Emotion and Emotion Disorders, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Sicong Chen
- grid.412465.0Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009 China
| | - Daxiao Cheng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XResearch Units for Emotion and Emotion Disorders, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Cunjin Wu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XResearch Units for Emotion and Emotion Disorders, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Xingyue Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XResearch Units for Emotion and Emotion Disorders, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Duo Duan
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XResearch Units for Emotion and Emotion Disorders, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Liya Zhu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XResearch Units for Emotion and Emotion Disorders, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Huifang Lou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XResearch Units for Emotion and Emotion Disorders, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Zhefeng Gong
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XResearch Units for Emotion and Emotion Disorders, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XResearch Units for Emotion and Emotion Disorders, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016 China
| | - Margaret S. Ho
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Shumin Duan
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XResearch Units for Emotion and Emotion Disorders, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 China
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20
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Lindhout IA, Murray TE, Richards CM, Klegeris A. Potential neurotoxic activity of diverse molecules released by microglia. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105117. [PMID: 34186114 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the professional immune cells of the brain, which support numerous physiological processes. One of the defensive functions provided by microglia involves secretion of cytotoxins aimed at destroying invading pathogens. It is also recognized that the adverse activation of microglia in diseased brains may lead to secretion of cytotoxic molecules, which could be damaging to the surrounding cells, including neurons. Several of these toxins, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, L-glutamate, and quinolinic acid, are widely recognized and well-studied. This review is focused on a structurally diverse group of less-established microglia neurotoxins, which were selected by applying the two criteria that these molecules 1) can be released by microglia, and 2) have the potential to be directly harmful to neurons. The following 11 molecules are discussed in detail: amyloid beta peptides (Aβ); cathepsin (Cat)B and CatD; C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)10 and CXCL12 (5-67); high mobility group box (HMGB)1; lymphotoxin (LT)-α; matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9; platelet-activating factor (PAF); and prolyl endopeptidase (PEP). Molecular mechanisms of their release by microglia and neurotoxicity, as well as available evidence implicating their involvement in human neuropathologies are summarized. Further studies on several of the above molecules are warranted to confirm either their microglial origin in the brain or direct neurotoxic effects. In addition, investigations into the differential secretion patterns of neurotoxins by microglia in response to diverse stimuli are required. This research could identify novel therapeutic targets for neurological disorders involving adverse microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Lindhout
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Taryn E Murray
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Christy M Richards
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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21
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Scaffolding protein Gab2 is involved in postnatal development and lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of microglia in the mouse brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 567:112-117. [PMID: 34146905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Grb2-associated-binding protein-2 (Gab2) is a member of the Gab/DOS family and functions as an adapter protein downstream of several growth factor signaling pathways. Gab2 is considered an Alzheimer's disease susceptibility gene. However, the role of Gab2 in the brain is still largely unknown. Herein, we report that Gab2 is involved in the postnatal development of microglia in mice. The Gab2 expression in the brain was detected at postnatal day 1 (P1) and increased until P14 but decreased thereafter. The tyrosine phosphorylation of Gab2 (pGab2) was also detected at P1 and increased until P14. Next, we focused on microglial development in Gab2 knockout and heterozygous mice. Although differences were not detected in the cytoplasmic area of Iba1-labeled microglia between Gab2(±) and Gab2(-/-) mice, the analysis of CD68 and cathepsin D (indicators of microglial lysosomal activation) immunolabeling within Iba1+ cells revealed significant underdevelopment of microglial lysosomes in Gab2(-/-) mice at P60. In addition to the developmental abnormality of microglia in Gab2(-/-) mice, lipopolysaccharide-induced lysosomal activation was selectively suppressed in Gab2(-/-) mice compared to that in Gab2(±) mice. Our findings suggest that Gab2 is involved not only in postnatal development but also in lysosomal activation of microglia, therefore Gab2 dysfunction in microglia might potentially contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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22
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Cathepsin D-Managing the Delicate Balance. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060837. [PMID: 34198733 PMCID: PMC8229105 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal proteases play a crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis. Human cathepsin D manages protein turnover degrading misfolded and aggregated proteins and favors apoptosis in the case of proteostasis disruption. However, when cathepsin D regulation is affected, it can contribute to numerous disorders. The down-regulation of human cathepsin D is associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. On the other hand, its excessive levels outside lysosomes and the cell membrane lead to tumor growth, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Therefore, targeting cathepsin D could provide significant diagnostic benefits and new avenues of therapy. Herein, we provide a brief overview of cathepsin D structure, regulation, function, and its role in the progression of many diseases and the therapeutic potentialities of natural and synthetic inhibitors and activators of this protease.
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Iwama H, Mehanna S, Imasaka M, Hashidume S, Nishiura H, Yamamura KI, Suzuki C, Uchiyama Y, Hatano E, Ohmuraya M. Cathepsin B and D deficiency in the mouse pancreas induces impaired autophagy and chronic pancreatitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6596. [PMID: 33758261 PMCID: PMC7988038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The major lysosomal proteases, Cathepsin B (CTSB), Cathepsin D (CTSD) and Cathepsin L (CTSL), are implicated in autophagic activity. To investigate the role of each cathepsin in the exocrine pancreas, we generated mice in which the pancreas was specifically deficient in Ctsb, Ctsd and Ctsl. Each of these gene knockout (KO) and Ctsb;Ctsl and Ctsd;Ctsl double-knockout (DKO) mice were almost normal. However, we found cytoplasmic degeneration in the pancreatic acinar cells of Ctsb;Ctsd DKO mice, similar to autophagy related 5 (Atg5) KO mice. LC3 and p62 (autophagy markers) showed remarkable accumulation and the numbers of autophagosomes and autolysosomes were increased in the pancreatic acinar cells of Ctsb;Ctsd DKO mice. Moreover, these Ctsb;Ctsd DKO mice also developed chronic pancreatitis (CP). Thus, we conclude that both Ctsb and Ctsd deficiency caused impaired autophagy in the pancreatic acinar cells, and induced CP in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Iwama
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Sally Mehanna
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mai Imasaka
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hashidume
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishiura
- Division of Functional Pathology, Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamamura
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Chigure Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
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24
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Chang SH, Wu CY, Chuang KC, Huang SW, Li ZY, Wang ST, Lai ZL, Chang CC, Chen YJ, Wong TW, Kao JK, Shieh JJ. Imiquimod Accelerated Antitumor Response by Targeting Lysosome Adaptation in Skin Cancer Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2219-2228.e8. [PMID: 33744296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal adaptation is a cellular physiological process in which the number and function of lysosomes are regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in response to extracellular and/or intracellular cues or lysosomal damage. Imiquimod (IMQ), a synthetic toll-like receptor 7 ligand with hydrophobic and weak basic properties, exhibits both antitumor and antiviral activity against various skin malignancies as a clinical treatment. Interestingly, IMQ has been suggested to be highly concentrated in the lysosomes of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, indicating that IMQ could modulate lysosome function after sequestration in the lysosome. In this study, we found that IMQ not only induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and dysfunction but also increased lysosome biogenesis to achieve lysosomal adaptation in cancer cells. IMQ-induced ROS production but not lysosomal sequestration of IMQ was the major cause of lysosomal adaptation. Moreover, IMQ-induced lysosomal adaptation occurred through lysosomal calcium ion release and activation of the calcineurin/TFEB axis to promote lysosome biogenesis. Finally, depletion of TFEB sensitized skin cancer cells to IMQ-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In summary, a disruption of lysosomal adaptation might represent a therapeutic strategy for synergistically enhancing the cytotoxicity of IMQ in skin cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hao Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Huang
- Center for Cell Therapy and Translation Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Yi Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Ting Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Lun Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tak-Wah Wong
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Kai Kao
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jer Shieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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25
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Derivatives of bis-aryl urea have been widely investigated for their various biological activities, such as antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative. We evaluated a new chemical entity consisting of bis-aryl urea moiety, N69B, for its anticancer activities and explored their underlying molecular mechanism. The compound inhibited proliferation of multiple types of murine and human cancer cells in vitro, and reduced tumor growth in mouse 4T1 breast tumor model in vivo. Protein microarray analysis revealed and western blot confirmed that the compound significantly increased protein levels of cathepsins, especially cathepsin D, a lysosomal aspartyl protease known to have various pathophysiological functions. Further studies showed that the compound induced tumor cell apoptosis through the Bid/Bax/Cytochrome C/caspase 9/caspase 3 pathway, in which cathepsin D appeared to be a main mediator. Unlike kinase inhibition commonly seen with many other anticancer bis-aryl urea derivatives, this unique mechanism of N69B may suggest potential of the compound as a novel anticancer drug.
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26
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Ntzimani A, Angelakopoulos R, Semenoglou I, Dermesonlouoglou E, Tsironi T, Moutou K, Taoukis P. Slurry ice as an alternative cooling medium for fish harvesting and transportation: Study of the effect on seabass flesh quality and shelf life. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Hashemi S, Hosseini SM, Ghalyanchilangeroudi A, Sheikhi N. Transcriptome based analysis of apoptosis genes in chickens co-infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus and pathogenic Escherichia coli. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 13:17-22. [PMID: 33889358 PMCID: PMC8043830 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i1.5487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Infection with Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is an important respiratory infection worldwide. Apoptosis is a physiological process of cell death that occurs as part of normal development and responds to a variety of physiological and pathophysiological stimuli. The identification of molecular mechanisms of action or inaction of key apoptotic proteins is important. This study aimed to investigate apoptotic related genes in the trachea tissue of infected (IBV variant 2, and APEC serotype O78: K80) SPF chickens group compared to the control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty SPF chickens was divided into 2 groups. Differential transcriptional profile in the infected SPF chickens trachea tissue was compared to those of control group in the early stage of infection by Illumina RNA-seq technique paired-end and strand-specific sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of transcriptome profiling of the trachea from the infected group were identified. Gene ontology category, KEGG pathway, and STRING analysis were analyzed to identify relationships among differentially expressed genes. RESULTS Twenty-eight apoptotic genes were identified. They consisted of six pathways related to cell death: the extrinsic pathway, intrinsic pathway, endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and cell death by NFkB and activates mTOR pathway and some regulator and apoptosis inhibitors. CONCLUSION All of the apoptotic genes in our study were up-regulated. Among these genes, the more fold change value was for TRADD and BCL2A1 genes, and the less fold change value was for MAP3K14, NFKB1, PIK3CB, and ITPR2 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Sheikhi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary, Tehran Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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28
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The Role of Lysosomes in the Cancer Progression: Focus on the Extracellular Matrix Degradation. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2020-5.6.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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29
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The interaction of Naphthol Yellow S (NYS) with pepsin: Insights from spectroscopic to molecular dynamics studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1842-1851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Lu L, Xu X, Du X, Zeng T, Yang T, Chen Y, Tao Z, Zhong S, Wen J, Zhou C. Transcriptome analyses to reveal the dynamic change mechanism of pigeon magnum during one egg-laying cycle. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:1141-1151. [PMID: 33084116 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the transcriptome of pigeon magnum in three stages (C1: pre-ovulation, C2: post-ovulation, C3: 5-6 days after ovulation) to elucidate the molecular and cellular events associated with morphological changes during the laying cycle. We observed that C1 was highly developed, apoptosis rate was highest in C2, and C3 attained the smallest size. Through RNA-sequencing, we obtained 54,764,938 (97.2%) high-quality clean reads that aligned to 20,767 genes. Gene expression profile analysis showed the greatest difference between C1 and C3; 3966 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 2250 genes were upregulated and 1716 genes were downregulated in C1. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses revealed that protein processing and transport activities were prominent in C1, and upregulated genes included those related to signal recognition particle (SRP), signal recognition particle receptor (SRPR), translocon, GRP78, RRBP1, TRAP, TRAM1, and OST. Egg white protein-related gene expression was highest, with OVALY being the most highly expressed. In C2, apoptosis-related gene expression was higher than in C1, and fatty acid metabolism was active, which may be correlated with magnum tissue regression. Collagen- and laminin-related gene expression was prominent in C1 and C3, indicating roles in egg white protein generation and magnum reconstruction. PR gene expression was highest and exhibited drastic change in the three groups, indicating that PR and its regulation may be involved in changes in magnum morphology and function. Through the identification and functional analysis of DEGs and other crucial genes, this may contribute to understand the egg white protein production, magnum tissue regression, and magnum regeneration mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Lu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqin Xu
- Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Du
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingbang Yang
- Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengrong Tao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengliang Zhong
- PingYang XingLiang Pigeon Farming Co. Ltd., Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jihui Wen
- PingYang AoFeng Pigeon Farming Co. Ltd., Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caiquan Zhou
- Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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31
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Yu XM, Chen JL, Abbas MN, Gul I, Kausar S, Dai LS. Characterization of the cathepsin D in Procambarus clarkii and its biological role in innate immune responses. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 111:103766. [PMID: 32525034 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin D belongs to aspartic protease family, produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and then transported to lysosomes, where it participates in various physiological processes. Despite its importance, only a few reports available on the functional role of cathepsin D in crustaceans. Herein, we cloned a cDNA fragment of cathepsin D from the hepatopancreas of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Pc-cathepsin D) for the first time. It included 1158 base pairs open reading frame, encoding a protein of 385 amino acids. Multiple alignment analysis confirmed the presence of aspartic proteinase active sites and N glycosylation sites. Pc-cathepsin D mRNA expression was high in the gills followed by gut, heart, hepatopancreas of P. clarkii. At different time points post-infection with lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycan, or polyinosinic polycytidylic acid, Pc-cathepsin D mRNA expression significantly enhanced compared with the control group. Knockdown of the Pc-cathepsin D by double-stranded RNA, strikingly, changed the expression of all the tested P. clarkii immune-associated genes, including Pc-Toll, Pc-lectin, Pc-cactus, Pc-anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, Pc-phospholipase, and Pc-sptzale. Altogether, these results suggest that Pc-cathepsin D is needed to confer innate immunity against microbial pathogens by modulating the expression of crucial transcripts that encode immune-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Jia-Le Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Isma Gul
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Kausar
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
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32
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Choi H, Ko Y, Lee CY. Pro-cathepsin D as a diagnostic marker in differentiating malignant from benign pleural effusion: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:825. [PMID: 32867726 PMCID: PMC7457471 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07327-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) causes substantial symptomatic burden in advanced malignancy. Although pleural fluid cytology is a commonly accepted gold standard of diagnosis, its low diagnostic yield is a challenge for clinicians. The aim of this study was to determine whether pro-cathepsin D can serve as a novel biomarker to discriminate between MPE and benign pleural effusion (BPE). METHODS This study included 81 consecutive patients with exudative pleural effusions who had underwent thoracentesis or pleural biopsy. Pleural fluid and serum were collected as a standard procedure for all individuals at the same time. The level of pro-cathepsin D was measured by the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS Though there were no significant differences in plasma pro-cathepsin D between the two groups, the level of pleural fluid pro-cathepsin D was significantly higher in the MPE group than the BPE group (0.651 versus 0.590 pg/mL, P = 0.034). The discriminative power of pleural fluid pro-cathepsin D for diagnosing MPE was moderate, with 81% sensitivity and 53% specificity at a pro-cathepsin D cut-off ≥0.596 pg/mL (area under the curve: 0.656). Positive and negative predictive values for MPE were 38 and 89%, respectively, with pro-cathepsin D cut-off value (> 0.596 pg/mL). CONCLUSIONS The level of pleural fluid pro-cathepsin D was found to be significantly higher in MPE than in BPE. Although results of this study could not support the sole use of pleural fluid pro-cathepsin D to diagnose MPE, pleural fluid pro-cathepsin D can be added to pre-existing diagnostic methods for ruling-in or ruling-out MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Choi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yousang Ko
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Youl Lee
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Medoro A, Bartollino S, Mignogna D, Marziliano N, Porcile C, Nizzari M, Florio T, Pagano A, Raimo G, Intrieri M, Russo C. Proteases Upregulation in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:931-938. [PMID: 30814362 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Certain proteases are involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their erroneous control may contribute to the pathology onset and progression. In this study we evaluated the cerebral expression of eight proteases, involved in both AβPP processing and extracellular matrix remodeling. Among these proteases, ADAM10, ADAMTS1, Cathepsin D, and Meprin β show a significantly higher mRNAs expression in sporadic AD subjects versus controls, while ADAMTS1, Cathepsin D, and Meprin β show an increment also at the protein level. These data indicate that transcriptional events affecting brain proteases are activated in AD patients, suggesting a link between proteolysis and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Silvia Bartollino
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Donatella Mignogna
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Nicola Marziliano
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.,Clinical Pathology Laboratory, ASL Taranto, Italy
| | - Carola Porcile
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mario Nizzari
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Aldo Pagano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Gennaro Raimo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariano Intrieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Claudio Russo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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Characterizing the Relapse Potential in Different Luminal Subtypes of Breast Cancers with Functional Proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176077. [PMID: 32846884 PMCID: PMC7504407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor prognosis due to the high relapse and metastasis rates of breast cancer has been particularly linked to the luminal B subtype. The current study utilized MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 to investigate various luminal subtypes of breast cancers that have discrepant expressions in the estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Understanding of the differential protein profiles and the associated pathways could help alleviate the malignance and promote the long-term survival rate of breast cancer patients. Functional proteome tools were applied to comprehensively delineate the global protein alterations that reflect the varieties of biological features between the two subtypes. In this study, a total of 11 proteins with significant and meaningful changes were identified. These protein targets including PRX2, CK19, nucleophosmin and cathepsin D were mostly involved in cell differentiation or proliferation. Particularly, cathepsin D was highly expressed in the luminal B subtype. Moreover, the level of cathepsin-D was also upregulated in the clinical metastatic tissues. Accordingly, the RNA interference-mediated silencing of cathepsin D stimulated ER expression but suppressed the level of HER2. The knockdown of cathepsin D enhanced the level of ZO-1 and a remarkable decrease in N-cadherin was also detected. Again, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) activity was impaired under the cathepsin D abolishment. Collectively, this study represented a modality to explore novel relationships in a proteome complex and highlighted the functional roles of cathepsin D in treatment options for different subtypes of breast cancer.
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35
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Tomasin R, Pascoal ACRF, Salvador MJ, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. Aloe vera and Honey Solution and Their Ethanolic Extraction Solution Could Act on Metastasis-Regulating Processes in Walker 256 Tumor Tissues In Vivo? Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1244-1252. [PMID: 32608289 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1784443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that both Aloe vera and honey have anticancer and nutrition properties, including the inhibition of metastasis. In order to evaluate the effect of a solution of Aloe vera and honey (A) and their ethanolic fraction (F) on metastasis-regulating processes in primary tumors, Wistar rats were subcutaneously implanted with Walker 256 tumors and treated with A and F (670 µl/kg by gavage, daily for 21 days). An analysis of the primary tumor tissues of these animals showed a decrease in N-cadherin expression in groups WA and WF, with a concomitant increase in E-cadherin expression in group WA compared to the control group. Cathepsin D activity was also decreased in the tumor tissues from groups WA and WF. In addition, the number of blood vessels and their diameter significantly reduced in tumor tissues from groups WA and WF compared to those from control group. UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of the samples A and F, suggested presence of molecules with verified antitumor activity, including caffeic acid, ferulic acid, mannose, aloin A, aloin B, pinocembrin, chrysin, and kaempferol. These data showed that treatment with A and F could reduce the metastatic propensity of tumors by modulating neoangiogenesis and the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Tomasin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aislan Cristina Rheder Fagundes Pascoal
- Department of Plant Biology, PPGBTPB and PPGBCE, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos José Salvador
- Department of Plant Biology, PPGBTPB and PPGBCE, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes-Marcondes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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36
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Chen BJ, Wu JS, Tang YJ, Tang YL, Liang XH. What makes leader cells arise: Intrinsic properties and support from neighboring cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8983-8995. [PMID: 32572948 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells collectively invading as a cohesive and polarized group is termed collective invasion, which is a fundamental property of many types of cancers. In this multicellular unit, cancer cells are heterogeneous, consisting of two morphologically and functionally distinct subpopulations, leader cells and follower cells. Leader cells at the invasive front are responsible for exploring the microenvironment, paving the way, and transmitting information to follower cells. Here, in this review, we will describe the important role of leader cells in collective invasion and the emerging underlying mechanisms of leader cell formation including intrinsic properties and the support from neighboring cells. It will help us to elucidate the essence of collective invasion and provide new anticancer therapeutic clues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Shun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Kang J, Yu Y, Jeong S, Lee H, Heo HJ, Park JJ, Na HS, Ko DS, Kim YH. Prognostic role of high cathepsin D expression in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920927838. [PMID: 32550865 PMCID: PMC7281710 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920927838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High cathepsin D has been associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer;
however, the results of many studies are controversial. Here, we assessed
the association between high cathepsin D levels and worse breast cancer
prognosis by conducting a meta-analysis. Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was used to search relevant literature in
PUBMED and EMBASE by September 2018. The meta-analysis was performed in
Review Manager 5.3 using hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals
(CIs). Results: A total of 15,355 breast cancer patients from 26 eligible studies were
included in this meta-analysis. Significant associations between elevated
high cathepsin D and poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.61, 95% CI:
1.35–1.92, p < 0.0001) and disease-free survival (DFS)
(HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.31–2.18, p < 0.001) were observed.
In the subgroup analysis for DFS, high cathepsin D was significantly
associated with poor prognosis in node-positive patients (HR = 1.38, 95% CI:
1.25–1.71, p < 0.00001), node-negative patients
(HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.39–2.27, p < 0.0001), early stage
patients (HR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.34–2.23, p < 0.0001), and
treated with chemotherapy patients (HR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.21–2.12,
p < 0.001). Interestingly, patients treated with
tamoxifen had a low risk of relapse when their cathepsin D levels were high
(HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.52–0.98, p = 0.04) and a high risk of
relapse when their cathepsin D levels were low (HR = 1.50, 95% CI:
1.22–1.85, p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggests that high expression levels of cathepsin D are
associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. Based on our subgroup
analysis, we believe that cathepsin D can act as a marker for poor breast
cancer prognosis and also as a therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Data Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeuni Yu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Data Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongdo Jeong
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Data Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansong Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Data Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Heo
- Departmment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jun Park
- Departemt of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sam Na
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai Sik Ko
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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38
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Zhao SL, Liu XW, Wu SW, Zheng YY, Zhang WY. Quantitative proteomic analysis of down syndrome biomarkers in maternal serum using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:489-495. [PMID: 31793358 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1696302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome (DS) is based on calculated risk involving maternal age, biochemical and ultrasonographic markers, and, more recently, cell-free DNA (cfDNA). The present study was designed to identify Down Syndrome biomarkers in maternal serum. We quantified the changes in maternal serum protein levels between 10 non-pregnant women, 10 pregnant women with healthy fetuses, and 10 pregnant women with DS fetuses using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). We subsequently conducted a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. A total of 470 proteins were identified, 11 of which had significantly different serum levels between the DS fetus group and Healthy fetuses group. Our data shows the identified proteins may be relevant to DS and constitute potential DS biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Long Zhao
- Department of Obstertrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Liu
- Department of Obstertrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Wen Wu
- Department of Obstertrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Obstertrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Obstertrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Identification and immunoregulatory role of cathepsin A in the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:865-872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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40
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Kim JW, Cho JY, Kim J, Kim DG, Nam BH, Kim YO, An CM, Kim BS, Park JY, Kong HJ. First report of cathepsin E in a teleost (Korean rose bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii): Molecular characterisation and tissue distribution. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:103607. [PMID: 31904433 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We isolated and characterised a cDNA encoding the aspartic protease cathepsin E (CTSE) in Korean rose bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii. The full-length Rhodeus uyekii CTSE (RuCTSE) cDNA (1396 bp) contains an open reading frame of 1218 bp, encoding 405 amino acids. Alignment of multiple CTSE protein sequences revealed that two of the aspartyl protease active site residues and a disulphide bond were well-conserved among the other CTSE sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that RuCTSE is most closely related to freshwater fish cathepsin E. RuCTSE is widely expressed in the liver, spleen, ovary, testis, brain, eye, intestine, muscle, fin, stomach, and kidney. This first report of teleost CTSE will provide important information related to the identification of other cathepsin E genes in various fish species and will serve as a useful molecular tool to help clarify biological activities in other teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Young Cho
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Julan Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ok Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheul Min An
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Seok Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Youn Park
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Kong
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Lysosomal Hydrolase Cathepsin D Non-proteolytically Modulates Dendritic Morphology in Drosophila. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1147-1157. [PMID: 32170568 PMCID: PMC7532236 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The main lysosomal protease cathepsin D (cathD) is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis via its degradative function, and its loss leads to ceroid accumulation in the mammalian nervous system, which results in progressive neurodegeneration. Increasing evidence implies non-proteolytic roles of cathD in regulating various biological processes such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and migration. Along these lines, we here showed that cathD is required for modulating dendritic architecture in the nervous system independent of its traditional degradative function. Upon cathD depletion, class I and class III arborization (da) neurons in Drosophila larvae exhibited aberrant dendritic morphology, including over-branching, aberrant turning, and elongation defects. Re-introduction of wild-type cathD or its proteolytically-inactive mutant dramatically abolished these morphological defects. Moreover, cathD knockdown also led to dendritic defects in the adult mushroom bodies, suggesting that cathD-mediated processes are required in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Taken together, our results demonstrate a critical role of cathD in shaping dendritic architecture independent of its proteolytic function.
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42
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Wang N, Liu H, Liu G, Li M, He X, Yin C, Tu Q, Shen X, Bai W, Wang Q, Tao Y, Yin H. Yeast β-D-glucan exerts antitumour activity in liver cancer through impairing autophagy and lysosomal function, promoting reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101495. [PMID: 32171725 PMCID: PMC7076095 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that recycles proteins and organelles in a lysosome-dependent manner and is induced as an alternative source of energy and metabolites in response to diverse stresses. Inhibition of autophagy has emerged as an appealing therapeutic strategy in cancer. However, it remains to be explored whether autophagy inhibition is a viable approach for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we identify that water-soluble yeast β-D-glucan (WSG) is a novel autophagy inhibitor and exerts significant antitumour efficacy on the inhibition of HCC cells proliferation and metabolism as well as the tumour growth in vivo. We further reveal that WSG inhibits autophagic degradation by increasing lysosomal pH and inhibiting lysosome cathepsins (cathepsin B and cathepsin D) activities, which results in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, WSG sensitizes HCC cells to apoptosis via the activation of caspase 8 and the transfer of truncated BID (tBID) into mitochondria under nutrient deprivation condition. Of note, administration of WSG as a single agent achieves a significant antitumour effect in xenograft mouse model and DEN/CCl4 (diethylnitrosamine/carbon tetrachloride)-induced primary HCC model without apparent toxicity. Our studies reveal, for the first time, that WSG is a novel autophagy inhibitor with significant antitumour efficacy as a single agent, which has great potential in clinical application for liver cancer therapy. Water-soluble yeast β-D-glucan (WSG) exerts direct antitumour activity in HCC WSG inhibits autophagic degradation by increasing lysosomal pH WSG causes accumulation of damaged mitochondria and ROS production WSG sensitizes HCC cells to apoptosis via the activation of caspase 8
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Xuxiao He
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Chunzhao Yin
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 10049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Qiaochu Tu
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 10049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xia Shen
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 10049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wenqiang Bai
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yongzhen Tao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 10049, China.
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 10049, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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43
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Houštecká R, Hadzima M, Fanfrlík J, Brynda J, Pallová L, Hánová I, Mertlíková-Kaiserová H, Lepšík M, Horn M, Smrčina M, Majer P, Mareš M. Biomimetic Macrocyclic Inhibitors of Human Cathepsin D: Structure-Activity Relationship and Binding Mode Analysis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1576-1596. [PMID: 32003991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human cathepsin D (CatD), a pepsin-family aspartic protease, plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we report the development of biomimetic inhibitors of CatD as novel tools for regulation of this therapeutic target. We designed a macrocyclic scaffold to mimic the spatial conformation of the minimal pseudo-dipeptide binding motif of pepstatin A, a microbial oligopeptide inhibitor, in the CatD active site. A library of more than 30 macrocyclic peptidomimetic inhibitors was employed for scaffold optimization, mapping of subsite interactions, and profiling of inhibitor selectivity. Furthermore, we solved high-resolution crystal structures of three macrocyclic inhibitors with low nanomolar or subnanomolar potency in complex with CatD and determined their binding mode using quantum chemical calculations. The study provides a new structural template and functional profile that can be exploited for design of potential chemotherapeutics that specifically inhibit CatD and related aspartic proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Houštecká
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University , Kateřinská 32 , 12108 Praha 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hadzima
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Albertov 6 , 12800 Praha 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Brynda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Pallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Iva Hánová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Albertov 6 , 12800 Praha 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková-Kaiserová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lepšík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Smrčina
- Tucson Research Center , Icagen Inc. , 2090 E. Innovation Park Drive , Oro Valley , Arizona 85755 , United States
| | - Pavel Majer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Michael Mareš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 Praha 6 , Czech Republic
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Mahajan UM, Goni E, Langhoff E, Li Q, Costello E, Greenhalf W, Kruger S, Ormanns S, Halloran C, Ganeh P, Marron M, Lämmerhirt F, Zhao Y, Beyer G, Weiss FU, Sendler M, Bruns CJ, Kohlmann T, Kirchner T, Werner J, D’Haese JG, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Heinemann V, Neoptolemos JP, Büchler MW, Belka C, Boeck S, Lerch MM, Mayerle J. Cathepsin D Expression and Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2020; 4:pkz060. [PMID: 32296755 PMCID: PMC7050148 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cathepsin-D (CatD), owing to its dual role as a proteolytic enzyme and as a ligand, has been implicated in cancer progression. The role of CatD in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is unknown. METHODS CatD expression quantified by immunohistochemistry of tumor-tissue microarrays of 403 resected pancreatic cancer patients from the ESPAC-Tplus trial, a translational study within the ESPAC (European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer) trials, was dichotomously distributed to low and high H scores (cut off 22.35) for survival and multivariable analysis. The validation cohort (n = 69) was recruited based on the hazard ratio of CatD from ESPAC-Tplus. 5-fluorouracil-, and gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines were employed for mechanistic experiments. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Median overall survival was 23.75 months and median overall survival for patients with high CatD expression was 21.09 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.31 to 24.80) months vs 27.20 (95% CI = 23.75 to 31.90) months for low CatD expression (χ2 LR, 1DF = 4.00; P = .04). Multivariable analysis revealed CatD expression as a predictive marker in gemcitabine-treated (z stat = 2.33; P = .02) but not in 5-fluorouracil-treated (z stat = 0.21; P = .82) patients. An independent validation cohort confirmed CatD as a negative predictive marker for survival (χ2 LR, 1DF = 6.80; P = .009) and as an independent predictive marker in gemcitabine-treated patients with a hazard ratio of 3.38 (95% CI = 1.36 to 8.38, P = .008). Overexpression of CatD was associated with a concomitant suppression of the acid sphingomyelinase, and silencing of CatD resulted in upregulation of acid sphingomyelinase with rescue of gemcitabine resistance. CONCLUSIONS Adjuvant gemcitabine is less effective in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with high CatD expression, and thus CatD could serve as a marker for biomarker-driven therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal M Mahajan
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Goni
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Enno Langhoff
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eithne Costello
- National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Centre, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - William Greenhalf
- National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Centre, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephan Kruger
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Ormanns
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Halloran
- National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Centre, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Paula Ganeh
- National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Centre, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Manuela Marron
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Felix Lämmerhirt
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral, and Tumor Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Georg Beyer
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank-Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, and Tumor Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Kohlmann
- Department of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan G D’Haese
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John P Neoptolemos
- National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Centre, University of Liverpool, UK
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus W Büchler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Boeck
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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45
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Paterson C, Lee VMY, Brasch HD, van Schaijik B, Marsh R, Tan ST, Itinteang T. Expression of Cathepsins B, D, and G by the Embryonic Stem Cell-Like Population within Human Keloid Tissues and Keloid-Derived Primary Cell Lines. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 144:1338-1349. [PMID: 31764649 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors have previously shown that an embryonic stem cell-like population within keloid-associated lymphoid tissues in keloid lesions expresses components of the renin-angiotensin system that may be dysregulated. The authors hypothesized that cathepsins B, D, and G are present within the embryonic stem cell-like population in keloid lesions and contribute to bypass loops of the renin-angiotensin system. METHODS 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine immunohistochemical staining for cathepsins B, D, and G was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections in keloid tissue samples of 11 patients. Immunofluorescence immunohistochemical staining was performed on three of these keloid tissue samples, by co-staining with CD34, tryptase, and OCT4. Western blotting, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme activity assays were performed on five keloid tissue samples and four keloid-derived primary cell lines to investigate protein and mRNA expression, and functional activity, respectively. RESULTS 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine immunohistochemical staining demonstrated expression of cathepsins B, D, and G in all 15 keloid tissue samples. Immunofluorescence immunohistochemical staining showed localization of cathepsins B and D to the endothelium of microvessels within the keloid-associated lymphoid tissues and localization of cathepsin G to the tryptase-positive perivascular cells. Western blotting confirmed semiquantitative levels of cathepsins B and D in keloid tissue samples and keloid-derived primary cell lines. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed quantitative transcriptional activation of cathepsins B and D in keloid tissue samples and keloid-derived primary cell lines and cathepsin G in keloid tissue samples. Enzyme activity assays demonstrated functional activity of cathepsins B and D. CONCLUSION Cathepsins B, D, and G are expressed by the embryonic stem cell-like population within the keloid-associated lymphoid tissues of keloid lesions and may act to bypass the renin-angiotensin system, suggesting a potential therapeutic target using renin-angiotensin system modulators and cathepsin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Paterson
- From the Gillies McIndoe Research Institute; the Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital; and the University of Auckland
| | - Valerie M Y Lee
- From the Gillies McIndoe Research Institute; the Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital; and the University of Auckland
| | - Helen D Brasch
- From the Gillies McIndoe Research Institute; the Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital; and the University of Auckland
| | - Bede van Schaijik
- From the Gillies McIndoe Research Institute; the Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital; and the University of Auckland
| | - Reginald Marsh
- From the Gillies McIndoe Research Institute; the Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital; and the University of Auckland
| | - Swee T Tan
- From the Gillies McIndoe Research Institute; the Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital; and the University of Auckland
| | - Tinte Itinteang
- From the Gillies McIndoe Research Institute; the Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital; and the University of Auckland
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46
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Wu LX, Wei CC, Yang SB, Zhao T, Luo Z. Effects of Fat and Fatty Acids on the Formation of Autolysosomes in the Livers from Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus Fulvidraco. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E751. [PMID: 31557940 PMCID: PMC6826758 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosome pathway, which involves many crucial genes and proteins, plays crucial roles in the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis by the degradation of damaged components. At present, some of these genes and proteins have been identified but their specific functions are largely unknown. This study was performed to clone and characterize the full-length cDNA sequences of nine key autolysosome-related genes (vps11, vps16, vps18, vps33b, vps41, lamp1, mcoln1, ctsd1 and tfeb) from yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The expression of these genes and the transcriptional responses to a high-fat diet and fatty acids (FAs) (palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA)) were investigated. The mRNAs of these genes could be detected in heart, liver, muscle, spleen, brain, mesenteric adipose tissue, intestine, kidney and ovary, but varied with the tissues. In the liver, the mRNA levels of the nine autolysosome-related genes were lower in fish fed a high-fat diet than those fed the control, indicating that a high-fat diet inhibited formation of autolysosomes. Palmitic acid (a saturated FA) significantly inhibited the formation of autolysosomes at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h incubation. In contrast, oleic acid (an unsaturated FA) significantly induced the formation of autolysosomes at 12 h, but inhibited them at 24 h. At 48 h, the effects of OA incubation on autolysosomes were OA concentration-dependent in primary hepatocytes of P. fulvidraco. The results of flow cytometry and laser confocal observations confirmed these results. PA and OA incubation also increased intracellular non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, and influenced mRNA levels of fatty acid binding protein (fabp) and fatty acid transport protein 4 (fatp4) which facilitate FA transport in primary hepatocytes of P. fulvidraco. The present study demonstrated the molecular characterization of the nine autolysosome-related genes and their transcriptional responses to fat and FAs in fish, which provides the basis for further exploring their regulatory mechanism in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xiang Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chuan-Chuan Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shui-Bo Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tao Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhi Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Basu S, Cheriyamundath S, Gavert N, Brabletz T, Haase G, Ben-Ze'ev A. Increased expression of cathepsin D is required for L1-mediated colon cancer progression. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5217-5228. [PMID: 31497251 PMCID: PMC6718269 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of Wnt/β-catenin target genes is considered a key step in human colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We previously identified the immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion receptor L1 as a target gene of β-catenin/TCF transactivation that is localized at the invasive edge of CRC tissue. Using gene arrays, we discovered a number of downstream target genes and signaling pathways conferred by L1 overexpression during colon cancer progression. Here, we have used a proteomic approach to identify proteins in the secretome of L1-overexpressing CRC cells and studied the role of the increase in the aspartate protease cathepsin D (CTSD) in L1-mediated colon cancer development. We found that in addition to the increase in CTSD in the secretome, the RNA and protein levels of CTSD were also induced by L1 in CRC cells. CTSD overexpression resulted in elevated proliferation under stress and increased motility, tumorigenesis and liver metastasis, although to a lesser extent than after L1-transfection. The suppression of endogenous CTSD in L1-expressing cells blocked the increase in the proliferative, motile, tumorigenic and metastatic ability of CRC cells. Enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling by the inhibition of GSK3β resulted in increased endogenous CTSD levels, suggesting the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CTSD expression. In human CRC tissue, CTSD was detected in epithelial cells and in the stromal compartment at the more invasive areas of the tumor, but not in the normal mucosa, indicating that CTSD plays an essential role in CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayon Basu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sanith Cheriyamundath
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nancy Gavert
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Gal Haase
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Avri Ben-Ze'ev
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Shahriari M, Zahiri M, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Enzyme responsive drug delivery systems in cancer treatment. J Control Release 2019; 308:172-189. [PMID: 31295542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological approaches in drug delivery have attracted scientist interest for improving therapeutic index of medicines and drug compliance. One of the powerful strategies to control the transportation of drugs is implementation of intelligent stimuli-responsive drug delivery system (DDS). In this regard, tumor tissues with unique characteristics including leaky vasculature and diverse enzyme expression profiles facilitate the development of efficient enzyme-responsive nanoscale delivery systems. Based on the stimuli nature (physical, chemical and biological), these systems can be categorized into three groups according to the nature of trigger initiating the drug release. Enzymes are substantial constituents of the biotechnology toolbox offering promising capabilities and ideal characteristics to accelerate chemical reactions. Nanoparticles which have the ability to trigger their cargo release in the presence of specific enzymes are fabricated implementing fascinating physico-chemical properties of different materials in a nanoscale dimension. In order to reduce the adverse effects of the therapeutic agents, nanocarriers can be utilized and modified with enzyme-labile linkages to provide on-demand enzyme-responsive drug release. In the current review, we give an overview of drug delivery systems which can deliver drugs to the tumor microenvironment and initiate the drug release in response to specific enzymes highly expressed in particular tumor tissues. This strategy offers a versatile platform for intelligent drug release at the site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Shahriari
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Zahiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Zhang J, Li M, Yu Q, Han L, Ma Z. Effects of Lysosomal-Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway on Tenderness in Post-Mortem Bovine Longissimus Muscle. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4578-4587. [PMID: 30933511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying lysosome-mediated apoptosis, the cross-talk between the lysosomes and mitochondria, and the effect of the pathway on bovine longissimus muscle tenderness during 7 d post-mortem aging through the observation and analysis of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of six crossbred cattle. Results showed that an elevated reactive oxygen species level ( P < 0.05) can damage lysosomal membrane stability ( P < 0.05) through accumulating redox-active iron of bovine muscle during post-mortem aging. In addition, the activities of cathepsins B and D increased with post-mortem aging ( P < 0.05). Moreover, cathepsin B and D activated Bid and Bax in the mitochondria ( P < 0.05). Activated Bid and Bax triggered mitochondrial membrane permeability ( P < 0.05) and further activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 ( P < 0.05), leading to apoptosis. Ultimately, the tenderness of bovine muscle was improved during post-mortem aging ( P < 0.05). Importantly, cathepsin D plays a crucial role in the lysosomal-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and tenderness in post-mortem muscle. These findings provide new insights into the apoptotic pathway of bovine muscle during post-mortem aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Gansu Agricultural University , Lanzhou 730070 , China
| | - Mengqi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Gansu Agricultural University , Lanzhou 730070 , China
| | - Qunli Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Gansu Agricultural University , Lanzhou 730070 , China
| | - Ling Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Gansu Agricultural University , Lanzhou 730070 , China
| | - Zuolin Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Gansu Agricultural University , Lanzhou 730070 , China
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Abstract
Cathepsins (CTS) are mainly lysosomal acid hydrolases extensively involved in the prognosis of different diseases, and having a distinct role in tumor progression by regulating cell proliferation, autophagy, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. As all these processes conjunctively lead to cancer progression, their site-specific regulation might be beneficial for cancer treatment. CTS regulate activation of the proteolytic cascade and protein turnover, while extracellular CTS is involved in promoting extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis, thereby stimulating invasion and metastasis. Despite cancer regulation, the involvement of CTS in cellular adaptation toward chemotherapy and radiotherapy augments their therapeutic potential. However, lysosomal permeabilization mediated cytosolic translocation of CTS induces programmed cell death. This complex behavior of CTS generates the need to discuss the different aspects of CTS associated with cancer regulation. In this review, we mainly focused on the significance of each cathepsin in cancer signaling and their targeting which would provide noteworthy information in the context of cancer biology and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder Pal Khaket
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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