1
|
Awad AM, Dabous E, Alalem M, Alalem N, Nasr ME, Elawdan KA, Nasr GM, Said W, El Khashab K, Basiouny MS, Guirgis AA, Khalil H. MicroRNA-141-regulated KLK10 and TNFSF-15 gene expression in hepatoblastoma cells as a novel mechanism in liver carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13492. [PMID: 38866875 PMCID: PMC11169620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most pivotal global health problems, leading hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a significant increase in cases worldwide. The role of non-coding-RNA in cancer proliferation and carcinogenesis has attracted much attention in the last decade; however, microRNAs (miRNAs), as non-coding RNA, are considered master mediators in various cancer progressions. Yet the role of miR-141 as a modulator for specific cellular processes in liver cancer cell proliferation is still unclear. This study identified the role of miR-141 and its potential functions in liver carcinogenesis. The level of miR-141 in HepG2 and HuH7 cells was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and compared with its expression in normal hepatocytes. A new miR-141 construct has been performed in a CMV promoter vector tagged with GFP. Using microarray analysis, we identified the potentially regulated genes by miR-141 in transfected HepG2 cells. The protein profile of the kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (KLK10) and tumor necrosis factor TNFSF-15 was investigated in HepG2 cells transfected with either an inhibitor, antagonist miR-141, or miR-141 overexpression vector using immunoblotting and flow cytometry assay. Finally, ELISA assay has been used to monitor the produced inflammatory cytokines from transfected HepG2 cells. Our findings showed that the expression of miR-141 significantly increased in HepG2 and HuH7 cells compared to the normal hepatocytes. Transfection of HepG2 cells with an inhibitor, antagonist miR-141, showed a significant reduction of HepG2 cell viability, unlike the transfection of miR-141 overexpression vector. The microarray data of HepG2 cells overexpressed miR-141 provided a hundred downregulated genes, including KLK10 and TNFSF-15. Furthermore, the expression profile of KLK10 and TNFSF-15 markedly depleted in HepG2 cells transfected with miR-141 overexpression accompanied by a decreasing level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), indicating the role of miR-141 in HepG2 cell proliferation and programmed cell death. Interestingly, the experimental rats with liver cancer induced by Diethylnitrosamine injection further confirmed the upregulation of miR-141 level, IL-10, and TNF-α and the disturbance in KLK10 and TNFSF-15 gene expression compared with their expression in normal rats. The in-silico online tools, IntaRNA and miRWalk were used to confirm the direct interaction and potential binding sites between miR-141 and identified genes. Thus, the seeding regions of potential targeted sequences was cloned upstream of luciferase reporter gene in pGL3 control vector. Interestingly, the luciferase activities of constructed vectors were significantly decreased in HepG2 cells pre-transfected with miR-141 overexpression vector, while increasing in cells pre-transfected with miR-141 specific inhibitor. In summary, these data suggest the crucial role of miR-141 in liver cancer development via targeting KLK10 and TNFSF-15 and provide miR-141 as an attractive candidate in liver cancer treatment and protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Awad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Emad Dabous
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mai Alalem
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Nedaa Alalem
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E Nasr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Elawdan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Nasr
- Molecular Diagnostics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Walid Said
- Microbiology and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Kareem El Khashab
- Medical Laboratory Department, High Technology Institute of Applied Health Science, Badr Academy for Science and Technology, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Basiouny
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel A Guirgis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hany Khalil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, 32897, Sadat City, Egypt.
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Valente-Santos J, Vitorino R, Sousa-Mendes C, Oliveira P, Colaço B, Faustino-Rocha AI, Neuparth MJ, Leite-Moreira A, Duarte JA, Ferreira R, Amado F. Long-Term Exposure to Supraphysiological Levels of Testosterone Impacts Rat Submandibular Gland Proteome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:550. [PMID: 38203721 PMCID: PMC10778877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The salivary glands play a central role in the secretion of saliva, whose composition and volume affect oral and overall health. A lesser-explored dimension encompasses the possible changes in salivary gland proteomes in response to fluctuations in sex hormone levels. This study aimed to examine the effects of chronic exposure to testosterone on salivary gland remodeling, particularly focusing on proteomic adaptations. Therefore, male Wistar rats were implanted with subcutaneous testosterone-releasing devices at 14 weeks of age. Their submandibular glands were histologically and molecularly analyzed 47 weeks later. The results underscored a significant increase in gland mass after testosterone exposure, further supported by histologic evidence of granular duct enlargement. Despite increased circulating sex hormones, there was no detectable shift in the tissue levels of estrogen alpha and androgen receptors. GeLC-MS/MS and subsequent bioinformatics identified 308 proteins in the submandibular glands, 12 of which were modulated by testosterone. Of note was the pronounced upregulation of Klk3 and the downregulation of Klk6 and Klk7 after testosterone exposure. Protein-protein interaction analysis with the androgen receptor suggests that Klk3 is a potential target of androgenic signaling, paralleling previous findings in the prostate. This exploratory analysis sheds light on the response of salivary glands to testosterone exposure, providing proteome-level insights into the associated weight and histological changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Valente-Santos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (J.V.-S.); (R.F.)
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Cláudia Sousa-Mendes
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.S.-M.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - Paula Oliveira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.O.); (A.I.F.-R.)
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Ana I. Faustino-Rocha
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.O.); (A.I.F.-R.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Department of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria João Neuparth
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.N.); (J.A.D.)
- TOXRUN—Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (C.S.-M.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - José Alberto Duarte
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.N.); (J.A.D.)
- TOXRUN—Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (J.V.-S.); (R.F.)
| | - Francisco Amado
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (J.V.-S.); (R.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen X, Zhou S, Wang Y, Zheng L, Guan S, Wang D, Wang L, Guan X. Nanopore Single-molecule Analysis of Biomarkers: Providing Possible Clues to Disease Diagnosis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 162:117060. [PMID: 38106545 PMCID: PMC10722900 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker detection has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to the minimally or non-invasive sampling process. Single entity analysis of biomarkers is expected to provide real-time and accurate biological information for early disease diagnosis and prognosis, which is critical to the effective disease treatment and is also important in personalized medicine. As an innovative single entity analysis method, nanopore sensing is a pioneering single-molecule detection technique that is widely used in analytical bioanalytical fields. In this review, we overview the recent progress of nanopore biomarker detection as new approaches to disease diagnosis. In highlighted studies, nanopore was focusing on detecting biomarkers of different categories of communicable and noncommunicable diseases, such as pandemic Covid-19, AIDS, cancers, neurologic diseases, etc. Various sensitive and selective nanopore detecting strategies for different types of biomarkers are summarized. In addition, the challenges, opportunities, and direction for future development of nanopore-based biomarker sensors are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Sarah Guan
- Hinsdale Central High School, Hinsdale, IL 60521, USA
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine Engineering for Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Xiyun Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Diamandis EP. My scientific genealogy and the Toronto ACDC Laboratory, 1988–2022. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1515-1518. [PMID: 36405236 PMCID: PMC9644701 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a saying that as people get older, they prefer to speak more about the past and less about the future. As I go through the last chapter of my scientific career, which spans from 1988–2022, I traced my scientific genealogy and the most important scientific achievements of my laboratory. By examining close to 1,000 PubMed-indexed papers published, I found out that none of them describes best our most important contributions. Also, by realizing that our contributions in science would have likely been discovered by others shortly afterwards, I focused my attention to other metrics. I suggest here that the best metric of success is the number of people that have been trained in my lab, and found their own way in their professional and other endeavors. Over the years, I trained over 250 individuals, of which 49 obtained a PhD, 19 an MSc, 37 were post-doctoral fellows, 5 were clinical fellows and about 150 were co-op/undergraduates and summer students. Many of these individuals now hold important positions in Academia, Government and Industry. My graduates, who have now created their own genealogy and many more individuals with roots to my laboratory, are now serving the society. In conclusion, I consider the development of young trainees as my most important career contribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios P. Diamandis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St [Box 32]; Flr 6 – Rm L6-201-1 , Toronto , ON, M5T 3L9 , Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network , Toronto , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vieira GV, Somera dos Santos F, Lepique AP, da Fonseca CK, Innocentini LMAR, Braz-Silva PH, Quintana SM, Sales KU. Proteases and HPV-Induced Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133038. [PMID: 35804810 PMCID: PMC9264903 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a sexually transmitted disease with high prevalence worldwide. Although most HPV infections do not lead to cancer, some HPV types are correlated with the majority of cervical cancers, and with some anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Moreover, enzymes known as proteases play an essential role in the pathogenic process in HPV-induced carcinogenesis. This review highlights the role of proteases and recent epidemiological data regarding HPV-dependent carcinogenesis. Abstract Persistent infection with Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main etiologic factor for pre-malignant and malignant cervical lesions. Moreover, HPV is also associated with oropharynx and other anogenital carcinomas. Cancer-causing HPV viruses classified as group 1 carcinogens include 12 HPV types, with HPV 16 and 18 being the most prevalent. High-risk HPVs express two oncoproteins, E6 and E7, the products of which are responsible for the inhibition of p53 and pRB proteins, respectively, in human keratinocytes and cellular immortalization. p53 and pRB are pleiotropic proteins that regulate the activity of several signaling pathways and gene expression. Among the important factors that are augmented in HPV-mediated carcinogenesis, proteases not only control processes involved in cellular carcinogenesis but also control the microenvironment. For instance, genetic polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) are associated with carcinoma invasiveness. Similarly, the serine protease inhibitors hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 (HAI-1) and -2 (HAI-2) have been identified as prognostic markers for HPV-dependent cervical carcinomas. This review highlights the most crucial mechanisms involved in HPV-dependent carcinogenesis, and includes a section on the proteolytic cascades that are important for the progression of this disease and their impact on patient health, treatment, and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Viliod Vieira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (G.V.V.); (C.K.d.F.); (L.M.A.R.I.)
| | - Fernanda Somera dos Santos
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (F.S.d.S.); (S.M.Q.)
| | - Ana Paula Lepique
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Carol Kobori da Fonseca
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (G.V.V.); (C.K.d.F.); (L.M.A.R.I.)
| | - Lara Maria Alencar Ramos Innocentini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (G.V.V.); (C.K.d.F.); (L.M.A.R.I.)
- Clinical Hospital of Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Maria Quintana
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (F.S.d.S.); (S.M.Q.)
| | - Katiuchia Uzzun Sales
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (G.V.V.); (C.K.d.F.); (L.M.A.R.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-9113
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmad SM, Ahmed BS, Khidhir KG, Rahman HS. Prospective quantitative gene expression analysis of kallikrein-related peptidase KLK10 as a diagnostic biomarker for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13489. [PMID: 35669967 PMCID: PMC9165590 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The most common malignancy in children is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study aimed to explore KLK10 mRNA expression as a potential diagnostic biomarker for ALL in children and to examine the effect of chemotherapy on KLK10 mRNA expression following the induction and after three months of receiving chemotherapy. Methods In this prospective study, total RNA was extracted from blood samples of 23 pediatric ALL patients on diagnosis, after one month and three months of receiving chemotherapy. Healthy pediatric volunteers (n = 12) were selected as control individuals. After cDNA synthesis, KLK10 mRNA gene expression levels were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results KLK10 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased in leukemic cells compared to their levels in cells of normal blood samples (p = 0.0001). KLK10 expression levels in ALL patients after one month and three months of receiving chemotherapy decreased compared to normal blood samples (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0175 respectively). The expression level of KLK10 mRNA in ALL patients after one month of chemotherapy was decreased compared to their level on diagnosis (p = 0.4413). KLK10 mRNA expression levels in ALL patients after three months of chemotherapy were increased compared to their level on diagnosis (p = 0.0602). The ROC curve illustrated that KLK10 mRNA expression could very efficiently discriminate ALL patients from normal counterparts (AUC=0.886, 95% CI [0.7720-1.000], SE = 0.0582, p = 0.0004). Conclusion KLK10 mRNA expression could serve as a potential diagnostic molecular biomarker for ALL in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shwan Majid Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Basima Sadq Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry & Clinical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Karzan Ghafur Khidhir
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Radmanesh H, Liu D, Geffers R, Shandiz FH, Sadr-Nabavi A, Hillemanns P, Park-Simon TW, Dörk T. Exome sequencing identifies RASSF1 and KLK3 germline variants in an Iranian multiple-case breast cancer family. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104425. [PMID: 35032689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy among women in both developed and developing countries. Although several genes have been identified to harbor germline variants contributing to breast cancer risk, much of the heritability for breast cancer is yet undefined. In the present study, we have performed exome sequencing to detect susceptibility genes in an Iranian family with five first-degree family members affected with breast cancer. We identified novel candidate variants with predicted pathogenicity in RASSF1, KLK3 and FAM81B. The RASSF1 and KLK3 variants, but not the FAM81B variant, partially co-segregated with disease in the investigated pedigree and were not found in additional screenings outside the specific family. RASSF1 p.S135F is a missense substitution abolishing the ATM phosphorylation site, and KLK3 variant p.M1? is a deletion at the initiation codon that is predicted to abolish translation to the functional kallikrein protease, PSA. Our study suggests germline variation in RASSF1 and KLK3 as candidate contributors to familial breast cancer predisposition and illustrates the difficulties to determine the causal genetic risk factor among novel variants restricted to a single family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Radmanesh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Radiology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics Unit, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Homaei Shandiz
- Radiation Oncology Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ariane Sadr-Nabavi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tjoung-Won Park-Simon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yuan L, Zou D, Yang X, Chen X, Lu Y, Zhang A, Zhang P, Wei F. Proteomics and functional study reveal kallikrein-6 enhances communicating hydrocephalus. Clin Proteomics 2021; 18:30. [PMID: 34915845 PMCID: PMC8903716 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-021-09335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Communicating hydrocephalus (CH) is a common neurological disorder caused by a blockage of cerebrospinal fluid. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential molecular mechanism underlying CH development. Methods Quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to screen the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between patients with and without CH. A CH rat model was verified by Hoechst staining, and the co-localization of the target protein and neuron was detected using immunofluorescence staining. Loss-of-function experiments were performed to examine the effect of KLK6 on the synapse structure. Results A total of 11 DEPs were identified, and kallikrein 6 (KLK6) expression was found to be significantly upregulated in patients with CH compared with that in patients without CH. The CH rat model was successfully constructed, and KLK6 was found to be co-localized with neuronal nuclei in brain tissue. The expression level of IL-1β, TNF-α, and KLK6 in the CH group was higher than that in the control group. After knockdown of KLK6 expression using small-interfering RNA (siRNA), the expression levels of synapsin-1 and PSD95 in neuronal cells were increased, and the length, number, and structure of synapses were significantly improved. Following siRNA interference KLK6 expression, 5681 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in transcriptome profile. The upregulated DEGs of Appl2, Nav2, and Nrn1 may be involved in the recovery of synaptic structures after the interference of KLK6 expression. Conclusions Collectively, KLK6 participates in the development of CH and might provide a new target for CH treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12014-021-09335-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, NO. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Dongdong Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, NO. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, NO. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, NO. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, NO. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, NO. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Pengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, NO. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Fance Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, NO. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Akoto T, Saini S. Role of Exosomes in Prostate Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3528. [PMID: 33805398 PMCID: PMC8036381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a life-threatening disease among men worldwide. The majority of PCa-related mortality results from metastatic disease that is characterized by metastasis of prostate tumor cells to various distant organs, such as lung, liver, and bone. Bone metastasis is most common in prostate cancer with osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions. The precise mechanisms underlying PCa metastasis are still being delineated. Intercellular communication is a key feature underlying prostate cancer progression and metastasis. There exists local signaling between prostate cancer cells and cells within the primary tumor microenvironment (TME), in addition to long range signaling wherein tumor cells communicate with sites of future metastases to promote the formation of pre-metastatic niches (PMN) to augment the growth of disseminated tumor cells upon metastasis. Over the last decade, exosomes/ extracellular vesicles have been demonstrated to be involved in such signaling. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs), between 30 and 150 nm in thickness, that originate and are released from cells after multivesicular bodies (MVB) fuse with the plasma membrane. These vesicles consist of lipid bilayer membrane enclosing a cargo of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication by transferring their cargo to recipient cells to modulate target cellular functions. In this review, we discuss the contribution of exosomes/extracellular vesicles in prostate cancer progression, in pre-metastatic niche establishment, and in organ-specific metastases. In addition, we briefly discuss the clinical significance of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Akoto
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Sharanjot Saini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao R, Wang S, Liu J, Xu C, Zhang S, Shao Y, Duan X. KLK11 acts as a tumor-inhibitor in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma through the inactivation of Akt/Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:85-96. [PMID: 33420975 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09870-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Kallikrein-associated peptidase 11 (KLK11) has emerged as a key tumor-associated protein that is implicated in a wide spectrum of tumor types. However, the detailed involvement of KLK11 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has not been well studied. The aims of our work were to evaluate whether KLK11 plays a role in LSCC. We found that both the mRNA and protein expression of KLK11 were significantly lower in LSCC tissues than in normal tissues. Low expression of KLK11 was also observed in LSCC cell lines, and the up-regulation of KLK11 caused a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation, colony formation and invasion of LSCC cells. On the contrary, the knockdown of KLK11 markedly accelerated the proliferative and invasive abilities of LSCC cells. Molecular mechanism research revealed that KLK11 overexpression decreased the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and down-regulated the expression of active β-catenin, leading to the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in LSCC cells. Furthermore, GSK-3β inhibition markedly abrogated the KLK11-mediated suppressive effect on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Notably, the reactivation of Wnt/β-catenin partially reversed KLK11-mediated tumor-inhibition effect in LSCC. In addition, the xenograft tumor assay demonstrated that the up-regulation of KLK11 retarded tumor formation and the growth of LSCC cells in vivo. Taken together, the findings of our work demonstrate that KLK11 exerts a tumor-inhibition role in LSCC by down-regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our work highlights a pivotal role of KLK11 in LSCC progression and suggests it as an attractive anticancer target for LSCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shiyang Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Junsong Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chongwen Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Shao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoyi Duan
- Department of Medical Image and Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ruan H, Zhou Y, Shen J, Zhai Y, Xu Y, Pi L, Huang R, Chen K, Li X, Ma W, Wu Z, Deng X, Wang X, Zhang C, Guan M. Circulating tumor cell characterization of lung cancer brain metastases in the cerebrospinal fluid through single-cell transcriptome analysis. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e246. [PMID: 33377642 PMCID: PMC7737787 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastases explain the majority of mortality associated with lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer death. Cytology analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains the diagnostic gold standard, however, the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in CSF (CSF-CTCs) are not well defined at the molecular and transcriptome levels. METHODS We established an effective CSF-CTCs collection procedure and isolated individual CSF cells from five lung adenocarcinoma leptomeningeal metastases (LUAD-LM) patients and three controls. Three thousand seven hundred ninety-two single-cell transcriptomes were sequenced, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) gene expression analysis was used to perform a comprehensive characterization of CSF cells. RESULTS Through clustering and expression analysis, we defined CSF-CTCs at the transcriptome level based on epithelial markers, proliferation markers, and genes with lung origin. The metastatic-CTC signature genes are enriched for metabolic pathway and cell adhesion molecule categories, which are crucial for the survival and metastases of tumor cells. We discovered substantial heterogeneity in patient CSF-CTCs. We quantified the degree of heterogeneity and found significantly greater among-patient heterogeneity compared to among-cell heterogeneity within a patient. This observation could be explained by spatial heterogeneity of metastatic sites, cell-cycle gene, and cancer-testis antigen (CTA) expression profiles as well as the proportion of CTCs displaying mesenchymal and cancer stem cell properties. In addition, our CSF-CTCs transcriptome profiling allowed us to determine the biomarkers during the progression of an LM patient with cancer of unknown primary site (CUP). CONCLUSIONS Our results will provide candidate genes for an RNA-based digital detection of CSF-CTCs from LUAD-LM and CUP-LM cases, and shed light on the therapy and mechanism of LUAD-LM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Ruan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yihang Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of PathobiologyAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabama
| | - Jie Shen
- 10K Genomics Technology Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Yue Zhai
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Xu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Linyu Pi
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ruofan Huang
- Department of OncologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan Hospital NorthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan Hospital NorthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Weizhe Ma
- Central LaboratoryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan Hospital NorthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of PathobiologyAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabama
- HudsonAlpha Institute for BiotechnologyHuntsvilleAlabama
- Alabama Agricultural Experiment StationAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabama
| | - Chao Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Venom peptides in cancer therapy: An updated review on cellular and molecular aspects. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105327. [PMID: 33276098 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on the high incidence and mortality rates of cancer, its therapy remains one of the most vital challenges in the field of medicine. Consequently, enhancing the efficacy of currently applied treatments and finding novel strategies are of great importance for cancer treatment. Venoms are important sources of a variety of bioactive compounds including salts, small molecules, macromolecules, proteins, and peptides that are defined as toxins. They can exhibit different pharmacological effects, and in recent years, their anti-tumor activities have gained significant attention. Several different compounds are responsible for the anti-tumor activity of venoms, and peptides are one of them. In the present review, we discuss the possible anti-tumor activities of venom peptides by highlighting molecular pathways and mechanisms through which these molecules can act effectively. Venom peptides can induce cell death in cancer cells and can substantially enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Also, the venom peptides can mitigate the migration of cancer cells via suppression of angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Notably, nanoparticles have been applied in enhancing the bioavailability of venom peptides and providing targeted delivery, thereby leading to their elevated anti-tumor activity and potential application for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Peng Q, Shen Y, Zhao P, Cheng M, Wu Y, Zhu Y. Biomarker implication of kallikrein-related peptidases as prognostic tissue substrates of poor survival in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:260. [PMID: 32581650 PMCID: PMC7310231 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have demonstrated that the kallikrein and kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) exhibit aberrant expression in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and might be considered as potential prognostic biomarkers of CRC. However, inconsistent findings have been reported, which promote us to summarize the global prognostic roles of KLKs for survival in CRC patients. Methods Eligible published studies were identified by searching electronic databases with several search strategies. The patients’ baseline characteristics and survival results were extracted from enrolled studies and pooled as combined hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) to estimate the effect size. Results A total of 25 and 22 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic roles of KLKs on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), respectively. KLKs overexpression was significantly associated with worse OS (pooled HR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.27–1.60, P < 0.001) and short DFS (pooled HR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.21–1.51, P < 0.001). Importantly, subgroup and meta-regression analyses revealed the survival differences among different races and detection methods of KLKs. Furthermore, several specific members of KLKs were identified to be more significantly related to worse OS and DFS compared with other members. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that KLKs may have the potential to serve as promising biomarkers to monitor CRC prognosis and progression. The promising results concerning the utility of KLKs in clinical practice encourage the further investigation of their clinical utility applicability as tumor markers of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Peng
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, 215004 Jiangsu China.,Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peifeng Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, 215004 Jiangsu China.,Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongyou Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaqun Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, San Xiang Road No. 1055, Suzhou, 215004 Jiangsu China.,Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fu L, Chen Y, Xu CM, Wu T, Guo HM, Lin ZH, Wang R, Shu M. 3D-QSAR, HQSAR, molecular docking, and new compound design study of 1,3,6-trisubstituted 1,4-diazepan-7-ones as human KLK7 inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
15
|
Bai J, Zhang X, Kang X, Jin L, Wang P, Wang Z. Screening of core genes and pathways in breast cancer development via comprehensive analysis of multi gene expression datasets. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5821-5830. [PMID: 31788055 PMCID: PMC6865771 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in women worldwide. Perturbation of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression is generally considered as the fundamental cause of cancer initiation and progression. In the present study, three gene expression datasets containing information of breast cancer and adjacent normal tissues that were detected using traditional gene microarrays were downloaded and batch effects were removed with R programming software. The differentially expressed genes between breast cancer and normal tissue groups were closely associated with cancer development pathways. Interestingly, five pathways, including ‘extracellular matrix-receptor interaction’, ‘peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors signaling pathway’, ‘propanoate metabolism’, ‘pyruvate metabolism’ and ‘regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes’, were thoroughly connected by 10 genes. Patients with upregulation of six of these hub genes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase β, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain, adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing, acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 2, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 and perilipin 1) exhibited improved breast cancer prognosis. Additionally, breast cancer-specific network analysis identified several gene-gene interaction modules. These gene clusters had strong interactions according to the scoring in the whole network, which may be important to the development of breast cancer. In conclusion, the present study may improve the understanding of the mechanisms of breast cancer and provide several valuable prognosis and treatment signatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- Department of Thyroid and Breast III, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast III, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Kang
- Department of Ultrasound II, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Jin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast III, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast III, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Zunyi Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast III, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gong W, Liu Y, Seidl C, Diamandis EP, Kiechle M, Drecoll E, Kotzsch M, Magdolen V, Dorn J. Quantitative assessment and clinical relevance of kallikrein-related peptidase 5 mRNA expression in advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:696. [PMID: 31307411 PMCID: PMC6631576 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In ovarian cancer, dysregulation of mRNA expression of several components of the family of the kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) is observed. In this study, we have analyzed the KLK5 mRNA expression pattern in tumor tissue of patients suffering from high-grade serous ovarian cancer stage FIGO III/IV. Moreover, we have correlated the KLK5 mRNA levels with clinical outcome. Methods We assessed the mRNA expression levels of KLK5 in tumor tissue of 138 patients using quantitative PCR (qPCR). The mRNA levels were correlated with KLK5 antigen tumor tissue levels measured by ELISA (available for 41 of the 138 patients), established clinical features as well as patients’ outcome, using Chi-square-tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests and Spearman rank calculations as well as Cox regression models, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the log-rank test. Results A highly significant correlation between the mRNA expression levels and protein levels of KLK5 in tumor tissues was observed (rs = 0.683, p < 0.001). In univariate Cox regression analysis, elevated KLK5 mRNA expression was remarkably associated with reduced progression-free survival (PFS; p = 0.047), but not with overall survival (OS). Association of KLK5 mRNA expression with PFS was validated in silico using The Cancer Genome Atlas. For this, Affymetrix-based mRNA data (n = 377) were analyzed applying the Kaplan-Meier Plotter tool (p = 0.027). In multivariable Cox analysis, KLK5 mRNA values revealed a trend towards statistical significance for PFS (p = 0.095), whereas residual tumor mass (0 mm vs. > 0 mm), but not ascites fluid volume (≤500 ml vs. > 500 ml), remained an independent indicator for both OS and PFS (p < 0.001, p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusions These results obtained with a homogenous patient group with all patients suffering from advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer support previous results suggesting elevated KLK5 mRNA levels as an unfavorable marker in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gong
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Seidl
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Enken Drecoll
- Department of Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Viktor Magdolen
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Julia Dorn
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Characterization of kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4) mRNA expression in tumor tissue of advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212968. [PMID: 30811511 PMCID: PMC6392272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of several members of the kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) family, including KLK4, has been reported in ovarian cancer tissue, consistent with the fact that elevated levels of KLK protein are often also found in serum and in effusion fluids of ovarian cancer patients. In the present study, we quantitatively analyzed KLK4 tumor tissue mRNA expression levels in a homogeneous cohort including 138 patients of advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (FIGO stage III/IV). Age as well as ascites fluid volume were found to be significantly associated with KLK4 mRNA expression levels. In univariate Cox regression analysis, the clinical factors residual tumor mass and ascites fluid volume represented univariate predictors for both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Furthermore, elevated KLK4 mRNA expression levels were significantly linked with reduced OS (p = 0.001), but not with PFS. The results concerning the association of KLK4 mRNA expression with OS were validated in a publicly available Affymetrix-based mRNA data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 252) applying the Kaplan-Meier Plotter tool (p = 0.047). In multivariable analyses, elevated KLK4 mRNA values turned out as an additional, independent predictive marker for shortened OS (p = 0.006), whereas residual tumor mass, but not ascites fluid volume, remained an independent indicator for both OS and PFS (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). The results of the present study, obtained in a well-defined, homogenous cohort of patients afflicted with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer, are in line with previous reports describing high KLK4 levels as an unfavorable marker in ovarian cancer patients.
Collapse
|
18
|
Association between three genetic variants in kallikrein 3 and prostate cancer risk. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181151. [PMID: 30413614 PMCID: PMC6265624 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies have assessed the association between kallikrein 3 (KLK3) polymorphisms and prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility. However, published data on this association are somewhat inconclusive. Methods: Articles investigating the association between three KLK3 (rs1058205, rs2735839, and rs266882) variants and PCa susceptibility were searched from online databases, which included 35,838 patients and 36,369 control participants. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to demonstrate the strength of the association. We also utilized ELISA to detect serum expression of KLK3. In addition, in silico tools were adopted to evaluate the relationship of KLK3 expression and PCa survival time. Results: The overall results indicated that polymorphism T>C of rs1058205 was associated with decreased risk of PCa (allele contrast: OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.64–0.88, Pheterogeneity < 0.001; homozygote comparison: OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.42–0.81, Pheterogeneity < 0.001), particularly in Caucasian population (allele contrast: OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.65–0.91, Pheterogeneity < 0.001; homozygote comparison: OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.41–0.82, Pheterogeneity < 0.001). No association was observed between the polymorphism A>G of rs2735839 and risk of PCa. In addition, no association was observed between polymorphism A>G of rs266882 and risk of PCa. Serum KLK3 levels in PCa patients carrying CC/CT genotypes were statistically lower than those carrying TT genotypes. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that rs1058205 polymorphism of KLK3 is a risk factor for PCa development, polymorphism T>C of rs1058205 is associated with decreased susceptibility to PCa particularly in Caucasian population.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sümer D, Boztosun A, Özer H, Yenicesu AG, Aker H, Yanık A. Endometriyal Patolojilerde Prostat Spesifik Antijen Ekspresyonunun İncelenmesi. ACTA MEDICA ALANYA 2018. [DOI: 10.30565/medalanya.410957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
20
|
Identification and pharmaceutical evaluation of novel frog skin-derived serine proteinase inhibitor peptide-PE-BBI (Pelophylax esculentus Bowman-Birk inhibitor) for the potential treatment of cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14502. [PMID: 30267012 PMCID: PMC6162207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibian venom-derived peptides have high potential in the field of anticancer drug discovery. We have isolated a novel Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor (BBI)-type peptide from the skin secretion of Pelophylax esculentus (PE) named PE-BBI, and evaluated its bio-functions and anti-cancer activity in vitro. PE-BBI is a heptadecapeptide with C-terminal amidation. The mRNA sequence and primary structure of PE-BBI were identified using RT-PCR and LC/MS, respectively. A trypsin inhibitory assay was used to characterize the serine proteinase inhibitory activity of synthetic PE-BBI. PE-BBI’s myotropic activity was analyzed using isolated rat bladder and rat-tail artery smooth muscle tissues, and the anti-cancer ability of PE-BBI using human colorectal cancer cells. PE-BBI’s mechanism of action was investigated using Discovery studio software. PE-BBI showed trypsin inhibitory activity (Ki = 310 ± 72 nM), strong myotropic activity, and cytotoxicity that were specific to cancer cells, and no side effect to normal epithelial cells. The docking stimulation showed that PE-BBI had high affinity to several members of human kallikrein related peptidase (KLK) family. This finding helps to enrich our understanding of BBI peptides’ mode of action. Moreover, the data presented here validates frog secretions as sources of potential novel proteinase inhibitors for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
21
|
Filippou PS, Ren AH, Soosaipillai A, Papaioannou MD, Korbakis D, Safar R, Diamandis EP, Conner JR. Expression profile of human tissue kallikrein 15 provides preliminary insights into its roles in the prostate and testis. Clin Biochem 2018; 59:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
22
|
Tailor PD, Kodeboyina SK, Bai S, Patel N, Sharma S, Ratnani A, Copland JA, She JX, Sharma A. Diagnostic and prognostic biomarker potential of kallikrein family genes in different cancer types. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17876-17888. [PMID: 29707153 PMCID: PMC5915161 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare and contrast the expression of all members of the Kallikrein (KLK) family of genes across 15 cancer types and to evaluate their utility as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Results Severe alterations were found in the expression of different Kallikrein genes across various cancers. Interestingly, renal clear cell and papillary carcinomas have similar kallikrein expression profiles, whereas, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma has a unique expression profile. Several KLK genes have excellent biomarker potential (AUC > 0.90) for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (KLK2, KLK3, KLK4, KLK7, KLK15), renal papillary carcinoma (KLK1, KLK6, KLK7), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KLK1, KLK6), thyroid carcinoma (KLK2, KLK4, KLK13, KLK15) and colon adenocarcinoma (KLK6, KLK7, KLK8, KLK10). Several KLK genes were significantly associated with mortality in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KLK2: HR = 1.69; KLK4: HR = 1.63; KLK8: HR = 1.71; KLK10: HR = 2.12; KLK11: HR = 1.76; KLK14: HR = 1.86), papillary renal cell carcinoma (KLK6: HR = 3.38, KLK7: HR = 2.50), urothelial bladder carcinoma (KLK5: HR = 1.89, KLK6: HR = 1.71, KLK8: HR = 1.60), and hepatocellular carcinoma (KLK13: HR = 1.75). Methods The RNA-seq gene expression data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Statistical analyses, including differential expression analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves and survival analysis (Cox proportional-hazards regression models) were performed. Conclusions A comprehensive analysis revealed the changes in the expression of different KLK genes associated with specific cancers and highlighted their potential as a diagnostic and prognostic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant D Tailor
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Shan Bai
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Akshay Ratnani
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Andrejc D, Legiša M. Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 can cleave human-muscle-type 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase into highly active shorter fragments. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1866:602-607. [PMID: 29563071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer cells consume more glucose than normal human cells and convert most glucose into lactate. It has been proposed that deregulated glycolysis is triggered by the posttranslational modification of 85 kDa muscle-type 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-M) which is cleaved by a specific protease to form shorter, highly active, feedback-inhibition-resistant PFK-M fragments. PRINCIPAL RESULTS To find the protease involved in PFK-M modification, analyses of the protease target sites on the human PFK-M enzyme yielding 45-47 kDa fragments were performed in silico. The results suggested that an enzyme in the kallikrein (KLK) family may be involved. Kallikreins can be self-activated in the cytosol and are often overexpressed in cancer cells. After incubating the internally quenched FRET peptide with a sequence characteristic of the target site, along with the active KLK6, the cleavage of the peptide was observed. The ability of KLK6 to cleave native PFK-M and form highly active citrate-resistant 45 kDa fragments was further confirmed by enzymatic tests and SDS-PAGE. A role of KLK6 in the posttranslational modification of native PFK-M was ultimately confirmed in vivo. A yeast strain that encoded native human PFK-M as the only PFK1 enzyme was additionally transformed with proKLK6 or KLK6 genes under the control of an inducible promoter. The transformants growth rate was found to increase after the induction of proKLK6 gene expression as compared to the strain with the native PFK-M enzyme. CONCLUSION KLK6 may be the key protease involved in the modification of PFK-M and trigger deregulated glycolytic flux in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darjan Andrejc
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matic Legiša
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hashem NN, Mara TW, Mohamed M, Zhang I, Fung K, Kwan KF, Daley TD, Diamandis EP, Darling MR. Human Kallikrein 14 (Klk14) Expression in Salivary Gland Tumors. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 25:32-7. [DOI: 10.1177/172460081002500105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To analyze the expression of human kallikrein 14 (KLK14) in salivary gland tumors. Methods A standard immunoperoxidase staining technique was used to assess the expression profile of KLK14 in normal salivary glands and tumors including pleomorphic adenoma (PA; n=17), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC; n=13) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC; n=9). Tumor stage, grade, patient age and gender, and site of occurrence were recorded. These clinical parameters were correlated with KLK14 levels in malignant tumors. The expression profiles for KLK3, 5, 6, 8 and 13 were also retrieved. Results Normal salivary glands, PA, ACC and MEC showed strong expression of KLK14 in ductal and non-ductal cells. Both PA and ACC showed higher KLK14 levels than normal glands and MEC tissues. There were no statistically significant associations between levels of KLK14 and clinical parameters. Conclusions The differences in the levels of KLK14 suggest that KLKs may aid in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. The coexpression of KLKs suggests their possible involvement in an enzymatic pathway activated in salivary gland. KLK14 may be a promising new biomarker in salivary gland tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelly N. Hashem
- Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Thomas W. Mara
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Mohamed Mohamed
- Division of Head and Neck Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario
| | - Irene Zhang
- Division of Head and Neck Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario
| | - Kevin Fung
- Division of Head and Neck Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario
| | - Keith F. Kwan
- Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Thomas D. Daley
- Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Eleftherios P. Diamandis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario - Canada
| | - Mark R. Darling
- Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang Y, Xu Z, Sun Y, Chi P, Lu X. Knockdown of KLK11 reverses oxaliplatin resistance by inhibiting proliferation and activating apoptosis via suppressing the PI3K/AKT signal pathway in colorectal cancer cell. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:809-821. [PMID: 29497313 PMCID: PMC5820466 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s151867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Kallikrein 11 (KLK11) plays a crucial role in drug-resistance to oxaliplatin (L-OHP) in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The study aimed to investigate the role of KLK11 in chemoresistance, and to clarify the mechanism underlying reverse of L-OHP resistance by knockdown of KLK11. Materials and Methods Resistance to oxaliplatin was induced in HCT-8 (HCT-8/L-OHP) colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines by exposing cells to increasing concentrations of L-OHP. MTT, RT-qPCR, and Western blot were used to evaluate the resistance to L-OHP. We then knocked down KLK11 in HCT-8/L-OHP cells to explore the mechanism through which KLK11 reverses L-OHP resistance. The mRNA and protein expression of KLK11 in tissues from mCRC patients were detected by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Results The drug resistance index (RI) of HCT-8/L-OHP cell line to L-OHP, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Irinotecan (CPT-11), Vincristine (VCR) and Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) were 10, 5.35, 3.23, 1.28, and 6.64, respectively. Increased expression of multi-drug resistant genes ABCC1, ABCB1, GSTP1 and ERCC1 were detected in HCT-8/L-OHP cell line. Moreover, the activated PI3K/AKT pathway was related to L-OHP-resistance. Knockdown of KLK11 in HCT-8/L-OHP cell reversed L-OHP-resistance by inhibiting cell growth and activating apoptosis via suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, high expression of KLK11 in chemoresistant-patients was associated with lymph node metastases and histopathology. Conclusion KLK11 was highly expressed in chemoresistant-patients and L-OHP-resistant cell lines. Moreover, L-OHP resistance was associated with activated PI3K/AKT signal pathway. Knockdown of KLK11 can reverse L-OHP resistance by blocking PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongbin Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwu Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Chi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingrong Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Greening DW, Kapp EA, Simpson RJ. The Peptidome Comes of Age: Mass Spectrometry-Based Characterization of the Circulating Cancer Peptidome. Enzymes 2017; 42:27-64. [PMID: 29054270 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptides play a seminal role in most physiological processes acting as neurotransmitters, hormones, antibiotics, and immune regulation. In the context of tumor biology, it is hypothesized that endogenous peptides, hormones, cytokines, growth factors, and aberrant degradation of select protein networks (e.g., enzymatic activities, protein shedding, and extracellular matrix remodeling) are fundamental in mediating cancer progression. Analysis of peptides in biological fluids by mass spectrometry holds promise of providing sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic information for cancer and other diseases. The identification of circulating peptides in the context of disease constitutes a hitherto source of new clinical biomarkers. The field of peptidomics can be defined as the identification and comprehensive analysis of physiological and pathological peptides. Like proteomics, peptidomics has been advanced by the development of new separation strategies, analytical detection methods such as mass spectrometry, and bioinformatic technologies. Unlike proteomics, peptidomics is targeted toward identifying endogenous protein and peptide fragments, defining proteolytic enzyme substrate specificity, as well as protease cleavage recognition (degradome). Peptidomics employs "top-down proteomics" strategies where mass spectrometry is applied at the proteoform level to analyze intact proteins and large endogenous peptide fragments. With recent advances in prefractionation workflows for separating peptides, mass spectrometry instrumentation, and informatics, peptidomics is an important field that promises to impact on translational medicine. This review covers the current advances in peptidomics, including top-down and imaging mass spectrometry, comprehensive quantitative peptidome analyses (developments in reproducibility and coverage), peptide prefractionation and enrichment workflows, peptidomic data analyses, and informatic tools. The application of peptidomics in cancer biomarker discovery will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Greening
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Eugene A Kapp
- Systems Biology & Personalised Medicine Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cui Z, Cui Y, Luo G, Yang S, Ling X, Lou Y, Sun X. Kallikrein-related peptidase 4 contributes to the tumor metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1768-1777. [PMID: 28743213 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1356216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a disfiguring malignancy and significantly impacts the quality of patient's life. Kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4), which is closely related to cancers, is highly expressed in OSCC. To explore the biological function of KLK4 in OSCC, a KLK4-specific shRNA was used to silence its endogenous expression, and then the migration and invasion of OSCC cells were explored. Results of our study showed that silencing KLK4 inhibited the migration and invasion of OSCC cells. The protein levels of epithelial mesenchymal transition-associated markers and proteases were also altered by KLK4 silencing. Further study showed that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway was involved in the function of KLK4. Treatment with a PI3 K/AKT activator reversed the migration-inhibitory effect of KLK4 shRNA. Our study suggests that KLK4 may contribute to the metastasis of OSCC through the PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cui
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology , Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Cui
- b Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology , Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Gan Luo
- b Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology , Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Yang
- c Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology , Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlian Ling
- b Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology , Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Lou
- b Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology , Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Sun
- b Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology , Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sells E, Pandey R, Chen H, Skovan BA, Cui H, Ignatenko NA. Specific microRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network of Colon Cancer Invasion Mediated by Tissue Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 6. Neoplasia 2017; 19:396-411. [PMID: 28431272 PMCID: PMC5397577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic colon cancer is a major cause of deaths among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Elevated expression of kallikrein 6 (KLK6), a member of a kallikrein subfamily of peptidase S1 family serine proteases, has been reported in CRC and is associated with low patient survival rates and poor disease prognosis. We knocked down KLK6 expression in HCT116 colon cancer cells to determine the significance of KLK6 expression for metastatic dissemination and to identify the KLK6-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) signaling networks in metastatic colon cancer. KLK6 suppression resulted in decreased cells invasion in vitro with a minimal effect on the cell growth and viability. In vivo, animals with orthotopic colon tumors deficient in KLK6 expression had the statistically significant increase in survival rates (P = .005) and decrease in incidence of distant metastases. We further performed the integrated miRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiling to identify functional miRNA-mRNA interactions associated with KLK6-mediated invasiveness of colon cancer. Through bioinformatics analysis we identified and functionally validated the top two up-regulated miRNAs, miR-182 and miR-203, and one down-regulated miRNA, miRNA-181d, and their seven mRNA effectors. The established miRNA-mRNA interactions modulate cellular proliferation, differentiation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in KLK6-expressing colon cancer cells via the TGF-β signaling pathway and RAS-related GTP-binding proteins. We confirmed the potential tumor suppressive properties of miR-181d and miR-203 in KLK6-expressing HCT116 cells using Matrigel invasion assay. Our data provide experimental evidence that KLK6 controls metastasis formation in colon cancer via specific downstream network of miRNA-mRNA effectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Earlphia Sells
- Biochemistry and, Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ritu Pandey
- University of Arizona, Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hwudaurw Chen
- University of Arizona, Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Bethany A Skovan
- University of Arizona, Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Haiyan Cui
- University of Arizona, Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Natalia A Ignatenko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hosur V, Burzenski LM, Stearns TM, Farley ML, Sundberg JP, Wiles MV, Shultz LD. Early induction of NRF2 antioxidant pathway by RHBDF2 mediates rapid cutaneous wound healing. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:337-346. [PMID: 28268192 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rhomboid family protein RHBDF2, an upstream regulator of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling, has been implicated in cutaneous wound healing. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still emerging. In humans, a gain-of-function mutation in the RHBDF2 gene accelerates cutaneous wound healing in an EGFR-dependent manner. Likewise, a gain-of-function mutation in the mouse Rhbdf2 gene (Rhbdf2cub/cub) shows a regenerative phenotype (rapid ear-hole closure) resulting from constitutive activation of the EGFR pathway. Because the RHBDF2-regulated EGFR pathway is relevant to cutaneous wound healing in humans, we used Rhbdf2cub/cub mice to investigate the biological networks and pathways leading to accelerated ear-hole closure, with the goal of identifying therapeutic targets potentially effective in promoting wound healing in humans. Comparative transcriptome analysis of ear pinna tissue from Rhbdf2cub/cub and Rhbdf2+/+ mice at 0h, 15min, 2h, and 24h post-wounding revealed an early induction of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated anti-oxidative pathway (0h and 15min), followed by the integrin-receptor aggregation pathway (2h) as early-stage events immediately and shortly after wounding in Rhbdf2cub/cub mice. Additionally, we observed genes enriched for the Fc fragment of the IgG receptor IIIa (FCGR3A)-mediated phagocytosis pathway 24h post-wounding. Although cutaneous wound repair in healthy individuals is generally non-problematic, it can be severely impaired due to aging, diabetes, and chronic inflammation. This study suggests that activation of the NRF2-antioxidant pathway by rhomboid protein RHBDF2 might be beneficial in treating chronic non-healing wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Hosur
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu X, Quan B, Tian Z, Xi H, Jia G, Wang H, Zhang L, Liu R, Ma C, Han F, Li H, Yuan F. Elevated expression of KLK8 predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:595-602. [PMID: 28142115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
KLK8, also known as neuropsin, is one of fifteen members of the human kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) gene family, which consists of enzymes with serine protease enzymatic activity. Aberrant KLK8 expression has been reported in several malignancies. However, the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of KLK8 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) are unknown. Therefore, analysis of public datasets, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis were performed to assess KLK8 expression in CRC at both the mRNA and protein level. KLK8 expression was also assessed by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray containing 124 CRC specimens. We observed that KLK8 was overexpressed in CRC tissues and was significantly associated with TNM stage, vascular invasion, differentiation and AJCC stage. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses confirmed that KLK8 is a significant independent prognostic factor for both DFS and OS. Cell function assays also indicated that KLK8 could facilitate CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. In conclusion, elevated KLK8 expression was correlated with the progression of CRC and is a potential independent prognostic indicator for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianwu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 32 Meijian Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Quan
- Department of General Surgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhilong Tian
- Department of General Surgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailin Xi
- Department of General Surgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gaolei Jia
- Department of General Surgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruming Liu
- Department of General Surgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of General Surgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuzhou Han
- Department of General Surgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huansong Li
- Department of General Surgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fukang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, 199 Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Expression of Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 6 in Primary Mucosal Malignant Melanoma of the Head and Neck. Head Neck Pathol 2016; 11:314-320. [PMID: 27844409 PMCID: PMC5550389 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-016-0769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal melanomas of the head and neck (MMHN) are aggressive tumors with poor prognosis, different opposed to cutaneous melanoma. In this study, we characterized primary mucosal malignant melanoma for the expression of Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6), a member of the KLK family with relevance to the malignant phenotype in various cancer types including cutaneous melanoma. Paraffin-embedded MMHN of 22 patients were stained immunohistochemically for KLK6 and results were correlated with clinical and pathological data. In 77.3% (17/22) of MMHN cases, positive KLK6 staining was found. Staining pattern for tumor cells showed a predominant cytoplasmic staining. However, in six cases we also observed a prominent nuclear staining. MMHN with a high KLK6 expression showed significantly better outcome concerning local recurrence-free survival (p = 0.013) and nuclear KLK6 staining was significantly associated with the survival status (p = 0.027). Overexpression of KLK6 was detected in more than 70% of MMHN and approximately 40% of tumors showed a strong expression pattern. Correlation between clinical outcome of MMHN patients and overexpression of KLK6 has not been addressed so far. Our data demonstrate for the first time increased levels of KLK6 in MMHN and strengthen the hypothesis that there might be a context-specific regulation and function of KLK6 in mucosal melanoma.
Collapse
|
32
|
Riley BT, Ilyichova O, Costa MGS, Porebski BT, de Veer SJ, Swedberg JE, Kass I, Harris JM, Hoke DE, Buckle AM. Direct and indirect mechanisms of KLK4 inhibition revealed by structure and dynamics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35385. [PMID: 27767076 PMCID: PMC5073354 DOI: 10.1038/srep35385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) family of proteases is involved in many aspects of human health and disease. One member of this family, KLK4, has been implicated in cancer development and metastasis. Understanding mechanisms of inactivation are critical to developing selective KLK4 inhibitors. We have determined the X-ray crystal structures of KLK4 in complex with both sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1) and a rationally designed SFTI-1 derivative to atomic (~1 Å) resolution, as well as with bound nickel. These structures offer a structural rationalization for the potency and selectivity of these inhibitors, and together with MD simulation and computational analysis, reveal a dynamic pathway between the metal binding exosite and the active site, providing key details of a previously proposed allosteric mode of inhibition. Collectively, this work provides insight into both direct and indirect mechanisms of inhibition for KLK4 that have broad implications for the enzymology of the serine protease superfamily, and may potentially be exploited for the design of therapeutic inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blake T Riley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Olga Ilyichova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mauricio G S Costa
- Programa de Computação Científica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Benjamin T Porebski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Simon J de Veer
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Joakim E Swedberg
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Itamar Kass
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Harris
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - David E Hoke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ashley M Buckle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ylikangas H, Mattsson JM, Stenman UH, Koistinen H, Poso A, Lahtela-Kakkonen M. Virtual Screening of Small Drug-Like Compounds Stimulating the Enzymatic Activity of Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 3 (KLK3). ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2043-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henna Ylikangas
- School of Pharmacy; University of Eastern Finland; P.O. Box 1627 70211 Kuopio Finland
| | - Johanna M. Mattsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry; Biomedicum Helsinki; University ofHelsinki and; Helsinki University Central Hospital; 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry; Biomedicum Helsinki; University ofHelsinki and; Helsinki University Central Hospital; 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry; Biomedicum Helsinki; University ofHelsinki and; Helsinki University Central Hospital; 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy; University of Eastern Finland; P.O. Box 1627 70211 Kuopio Finland
- University Hospital Tübingen; Department of Internal Medicine 1; Division of Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors; Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dalal S, Mhashal A, Kadoo N, Gaikwad SM. Functional stability and structural transitions of Kallikrein: spectroscopic and molecular dynamics studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:330-342. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1138884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayli Dalal
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Anil Mhashal
- Division of Physical Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Narendra Kadoo
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sushama M. Gaikwad
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jimenez L, Sharma VP, Condeelis J, Harris T, Ow TJ, Prystowsky MB, Childs G, Segall JE. MicroRNA-375 Suppresses Extracellular Matrix Degradation and Invadopodial Activity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139:1349-61. [PMID: 26172508 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0471-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly invasive cancer with an association with locoregional recurrence and lymph node metastasis. We have previously reported that low microRNA-375 (miR-375) expression levels correlate with poor patient survival, increased locoregional recurrence, and distant metastasis. Increasing miR-375 expression in HNSCC cell lines to levels found in normal cells results in suppressed invasive properties. HNSCC invasion is mediated in part by invadopodia-associated degradation of the extracellular matrix. OBJECTIVE To determine whether elevated miR-375 expression in HNSCC cell lines also affects invadopodia formation and activity. DESIGN For evaluation of the matrix degradation properties of the HNSCC lines, an invadopodial matrix degradation assay was used. The total protein levels of invadopodia-associated proteins were measured by Western blot analyses. Immunoprecipitation experiments were conducted to evaluate the tyrosine phosphorylation state of cortactin. Human protease arrays were used for the detection of the secreted proteases. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction measurements were used to evaluate the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the commonly regulated proteases. RESULTS Increased miR-375 expression in HNSCC cells suppresses extracellular matrix degradation and reduces the number of mature invadopodia. Higher miR-375 expression does not reduce cellular levels of selected invadopodia-associated proteins, nor is tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin altered. However, HNSCC cells with higher miR-375 expression had significant reductions in the mRNA expression levels and secreted levels of specific proteases. CONCLUSIONS MicroRNA-375 regulates invadopodia maturation and function potentially by suppressing the expression and secretion of proteases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey E Segall
- From the Departments of Pathology (Ms Jimenez and Drs Harris, Ow, Prystowsky, Childs, and Segall) and Anatomy & Structural Biology (Ms Jimenez and Drs Sharma, Condeelis, and Segall), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gogia S, Lo CY, Neelamegham S. Detection of Plasma Protease Activity Using Microsphere-Cytometry Assays with E. coli Derived Substrates: VWF Proteolysis by ADAMTS13. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126556. [PMID: 25992814 PMCID: PMC4436310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease levels in human blood are often prognostic indicators of inflammatory, thrombotic or oncogenic disorders. The measurement of such enzyme activities in substrate-based assays is complicated due to the low prevalence of these enzymes and steric hindrance of the substrates by the more abundant blood proteins. To address these limitations, we developed a molecular construct that is suitable for microsphere-cytometer based assays in the milieu of human blood plasma. In this proof of principle study, we demonstrate the utility of this substrate to measure metalloprotease ADAMTS13 activity. The substrate, expressed in E. coli as a fusion protein, contains the partial A2-domain of von Willebrand factor (VWF amino acids 1594-1670) that is mutated to include a single primary amine at the N-terminus and free cysteines at the C-terminus. N-terminus fluorescence conjugation was possible using NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide) chemistry. Maleimide-PEG(Polyethylene glycol)n-biotin coupling at the C-terminus allowed biotinylation with variable PEG spacer lengths. Once bound to streptavidin-bearing microspheres, the substrate fluorescence signal decreased in proportion with ADAMTS13 concentration. Whereas recombinant ADAMTS13 activity could be quantified using substrates with all PEG repeat-lengths, only the construct with the longer 77 PEG-unit could quantify proteolysis in blood plasma. Using this longer substrate, plasma ADAMTS13 down to 5% of normal levels could be detected within 30 min. Such measurements could also be readily performed under conditions resembling hyperbilirubinemia. Enzyme catalytic activity was tuned by varying buffer calcium, with lower divalent ion concentrations enhancing cleavage. Overall, the study highlights the substrate design features important for the creation of efficient proteolysis assays in the setting of human plasma. In particular, it emphasizes the need to introduce PEG spacers in plasma-based experiments, a design attribute commonly ignored in immobilized peptide-substrate assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Gogia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and NY State Center for Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Chi Y. Lo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and NY State Center for Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and NY State Center for Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Deng Z, Li Y, Fan J, Wang G, Li Y, Zhang Y, Cai G, Shen H, Ferrari M, Hu TY. Circulating peptidome to indicate the tumor-resident proteolysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9327. [PMID: 25788424 PMCID: PMC4365414 DOI: 10.1038/srep09327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-resident proteases (TRPs) are regarded as informative biomarkers for staging cancer progression and evaluating therapeutic efficacy. Currently in the clinic, measurement of TRP is dependent on invasive biopsies, limiting their usefulness as monitoring tools. Here we identified circulating peptides naturally produced by TRPs, and evaluated their potential to monitor the efficacy of anti-tumor treatments. We established a mouse model for ovarian cancer development and treatment by orthotopic implantation of the human drug-resistant ovarian cancer cell line HeyA8-MDR, followed by porous silicon particle- or multistage vector (MSV) - enabled EphA2 siRNA therapy. Immunohistochemistry staining of tumor tissue revealed decreased expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) in mice exhibiting positive responses to MSV-EphA2 siRNA treatment. We demonstrated, via an ex vivo proteolysis assay, that C3f peptides can act as substrates of MMP-9, which cleaves C3f at L1311-L1312 into two peptides (SSATTFRL and LWENGNLLR). Importantly, we showed that these two C3f-derived fragments detected in serum were primarily generated by tumor-resident, but not blood-circulating, MMP-9. Our results suggested that the presence of the circulating fragments specially derived from the localized cleavage in tumor microenvironment can be used to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of anti-cancer treatment, assessed through a relatively noninvasive and user-friendly proteomics approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaian Deng
- 1] School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue R8-213, Houston, TX 77030, United States [3] Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaojun Li
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue R8-213, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue R8-213, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Guohui Wang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue R8-213, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences, 15 Datum Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yaou Zhang
- 1] School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guoping Cai
- 1] School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haifa Shen
- 1] Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue R8-213, Houston, TX 77030, United States [2] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 445 E. 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- 1] Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue R8-213, Houston, TX 77030, United States [2] Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 445 E. 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Tony Y Hu
- 1] Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue R8-213, Houston, TX 77030, United States [2] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 445 E. 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Michaelidou K, Kladi-Skandali A, Scorilas A. Kallikreins as Biomarkers in Human Malignancies. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7681-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
39
|
Royse KE, Zhi D, Conner MG, Clodfelder-Miller B, Srinivasasainagendra V, Vaughan LK, Skibola CF, Crossman DK, Levy S, Shrestha S. Differential Gene Expression Landscape of Co-Existing Cervical Pre-Cancer Lesions Using RNA-seq. Front Oncol 2014; 4:339. [PMID: 25505737 PMCID: PMC4244708 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic changes occurring in different stages of pre-cancer lesions reflect causal events initiating and promoting the progression to cancer. Co-existing pre-cancerous lesions including low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL and HGSIL), and adjacent “normal” cervical epithelium from six formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were selected. Tissues from these 18 samples were isolated using laser-capture microdissection, RNA was extracted and sequenced. RNA-sequencing generated 2.4 billion raw reads in 18 samples, of which ~50.1% mapped to known and annotated genes in the human genome. There were 40 genes up-regulated and 3 down-regulated (normal to LGSIL) in at least one-third of the sample pairs (same direction and FDR p < 0.05) including S100A7 and KLK6. Previous studies have shown that S110A7 and KLK7 are up-regulated in several other cancers, whereas CCL18, CFTR, and SLC6A14, also differentially expressed in two samples, are up-regulated specifically in cervical cancer. These differentially expressed genes in normal to LGSIL progression were enriched in pathways related to epithelial cell differentiation, keratinocyte differentiation, peptidase, and extracellular activities. In progression from LGSIL to HGSIL, two genes were up-regulated and five down-regulated in at least two samples. Further investigations using co-existing samples, which account for all internal confounders, will provide insights to better understand progression of cervical pre-cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Royse
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Degui Zhi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Michael G Conner
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Buffie Clodfelder-Miller
- Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology Core, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | | | - Laura Kelly Vaughan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Christine F Skibola
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Shawn Levy
- Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology , Huntsville, AL , USA
| | - Sadeep Shrestha
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rhoda K, Choonara YE, Kumar P, Bijukumar D, du Toit LC, Pillay V. Potential nanotechnologies and molecular targets in the quest for efficient chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:613-34. [PMID: 25300775 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.970162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer, considered one of the most fatal gynecological cancers, goes largely undiagnosed until metastasis presents itself, usually once the patient is in the final stages and thus, too late for worthwhile therapy. Targeting this elusive disease in its early stages would improve the outcome for most patients, while the information generated thereof would increase the possibility of preventative mechanisms of therapy. AREAS COVERED This review discusses various molecular targets as possible moieties to be incorporated in a holistic drug delivery system or the more aptly termed 'theranostic' system. These molecular targets can be used for targeting, visualizing, diagnosing, and ultimately, treating ovarian cancer in its entirety. Currently implemented nanoframeworks, such as nanomicelles and nanoliposomes, are described and the effectiveness of nanostructures in tumor targeting, treatment functions, and overcoming the drug resistance challenge is discussed. EXPERT OPINION Novel nanotechnology strategies such as the development of nanoframeworks decorated with targeted ligands of a molecular nature may provide an efficient chemotherapy, especially when instituted in combination with imaging, diagnostic, and ultimately, therapeutic moieties. An imperative aspect of utilizing nanotechnology in the treatment of ovarian cancer is the flexibility of the drug delivery system and its ability to overcome standard obstacles such as: i) successfully treating the desired cells through direct targeting; ii) reducing toxicity levels of treatment by achieving direct targeting; and iii) delivery of targeted therapy using an efficient vehicle that is exceptionally degradable in response to a particular stimulus. The targeting of ovarian cancer in its early stages using imaging and diagnostic nanotechnology is an area that can be improved upon by combining therapeutic moieties with molecular biomarkers. The nanotechnology and molecular markers mentioned in this review have generally been used for either imaging or diagnostics, and have not yet been successfully implemented into bi-functional tools, which it is hoped, should eventually include a therapeutic aspect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Rhoda
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 , South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hu J, Qiu Z, Zhang L, Cui F. Kallikrein 3 and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms: potentials environmental risk factors for prostate cancer. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:84. [PMID: 24755043 PMCID: PMC4022449 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship and interaction of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLK3 and VDR and environmental factors with the predisposition to prostate cancer within Chinese population. Methods The comparison between 108 patients and 242 healthy people was carried out by using the TaqMan/MGB Probe Technology to determine the genotypes of KLK3(rs2735839 is located between KLK2 and KLK3) and VDR (rs731236 is located exon 9). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression model were used to assess the connection of genetic polymorphisms and environmental risk factors with PCa by collecting demographic information, as well as BMI, consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, and tea, exercise, and other environmental risk factors. Results The appearing frequencies of AA, AG, and GG genotypes at the SNPs rs2735839 (A/G) for KLK3 were 13.89%, 62.96% and 23.15% in PCa and 37.19%, 44.63%, 18.18% in control, respectively; these two groups are statistically different (P = 0.00). While the appearing frequencies of TT, TC, and CC genotypes at the SNPs rs731236 (T/C) for VDR were 88.89%, 9, 26%, 1.85% and 90.50%, 9.10%, 0.40% in control, respectively, with no significant statistical difference between the two group. The study confirmed decreasing risk in tea drinkers (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35-0.96). Conclusions Our studies indicate that environmental factor-tea drinking is associated with the development of PCa. The habit of drinking tea is a protective factor against PCa. The SNPs rs2735839 for KLK3 is strongly related to the development of PCa, while the SNPs rs731236 for VDR is not. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/9759981571058803.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Feilun Cui
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital Affiliated of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kallikreins as biomarkers for prostate cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:526341. [PMID: 24809052 PMCID: PMC3997884 DOI: 10.1155/2014/526341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of testing for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a member of the fifteen-gene family of kallikrein-related peptidases and also known as kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3), in blood has revolutionized both the detection and management of prostate cancer. Given the similarities between PSA and other KLK gene family members along with limitations of PSA as a biomarker for prostate cancer mainly in reference to diagnostic specificity, the potential roles of other members of this gene family as well as PSA derivatives and isoforms in the management of prostate cancer have been studied extensively. Of these, approaches to measure distinct molecular forms of PSA (free, intact, complexed PSA, and pro-PSA) combined with kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (KLK2), also known as hK2, have been considered holding particular promise in enhancing the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Recently, an integrated approach of applying a panel of four kallikrein markers has been demonstrated to enhance accuracy in predicting the risk of prostate cancer at biopsy. This review presents an overview of kallikreins, starting with the past and current status of PSA, summarizing published data on the evaluations of various KLKs as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognostication, and monitoring of prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
43
|
Lowe FJ, Shen W, Zu J, Li J, Wang H, Zhang X, Zhong L. A novel autoantibody test for the detection of pre-neoplastic lung lesions. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:78. [PMID: 24708840 PMCID: PMC3992137 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and squamous cell dysplasia (SCD) are associated with the development of malignant lesions in the lung. Accurate diagnosis of AAH and SCD could facilitate earlier clinical intervention and provide useful information for assessing lung cancer risk in human populations. Detection of AAH and SCD has been achieved by imaging and bronchoscopy clinically, but sensitivity and specificity remain less than satisfactory. We utilized the ability of the immune system to identify lesion specific proteins for detection of AAH and SCD. Methods AAH and SCD tissue was surgically removed from six patients of Chinese descent (3 AAH and 3 SCD) with corresponding serum samples. Total RNA was extracted from the tissues and a cDNA library was generated and incorporated into a T7 bacteriophage vector. Following enrichment to remove "normal" reactive phages, a total of 200 AAH related and 200 SCD related phage clones were chosen for statistical classifier development and incorporation into a microarray. Microarray slides were tested with an independent double-blinded population consisting of 100 AAH subjects, 100 SCD subjects and 200 healthy control subjects. Results Sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 70% were achieved in the detection of AAH using a combination of 9 autoantibody biomarkers. Likewise, 86% sensitivity and 78% specificity were achieved in the detection of SCD using a combination of 13 SCD-associated markers. Sequencing analysis identified that most of these 22 autoantibody biomarkers had known malignant associations. Conclusions Both diagnostic values showed promising sensitivity and specificity in detection of pre-neoplastic lung lesions. Hence, this technology could be a useful non-invasive tool to assess lung cancer risk in human populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frazer J Lowe
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd, Group Research and Development, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton SO15 8TL, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Oliveras-Ferraros C, Vazquez-Martin A, Cuyàs E, Corominas-Faja B, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Martin-Castillo B, Joven J, Menendez JA. Acquired resistance to metformin in breast cancer cells triggers transcriptome reprogramming toward a degradome-related metastatic stem-like profile. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1132-44. [PMID: 24553122 DOI: 10.4161/cc.27982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions based on metabolic inhibitor-based therapies are expected to be less prone to acquired resistance. However, there has not been any study assessing the possibility that the targeting of the tumor cell metabolism may result in unforeseeable resistance. We recently established a pre-clinical model of estrogen-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cells that were chronically adapted to grow (> 10 months) in the presence of graded, millimolar concentrations of the anti-diabetic biguanide metformin, an AMPK agonist/mTOR inhibitor that has been evaluated in multiple in vitro and in vivo cancer studies and is now being tested in clinical trials. To assess what impact the phenomenon of resistance might have on the metformin-like "dirty" drugs that are able to simultaneously hit several metabolic pathways, we employed the ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software to functionally interpret the data from Agilent whole-human genome arrays in the context of biological processes, networks, and pathways. Our findings establish, for the first time, that a "global" targeting of metabolic reprogramming using metformin certainly imposes a great selective pressure for the emergence of new breast cancer cellular states. Intriguingly, acquired resistance to metformin appears to trigger a transcriptome reprogramming toward a metastatic stem-like profile, as many genes encoding the components of the degradome (KLK11, CTSF, FREM1, BACE-2, CASP, TMPRSS4, MMP16, HTRA1), cancer cell migration and invasion factors (TP63, WISP2, GAS3, DKK1, BCAR3, PABPC1, MUC1, SPARCL1, SEMA3B, SEMA6A), stem cell markers (DCLK1, FAK), and key pro-metastatic lipases (MAGL and Cpla2) were included in the signature. Because this convergent activation of pathways underlying tumor microenvironment interactions occurred in low-proliferative cancer cells exhibiting a notable downregulation of the G 2/M DNA damage checkpoint regulators that maintain genome stability (CCNB1, CCNB2, CDC20, CDC25C, AURKA, AURKB, BUB1, CENP-A, CENP-M) and pro-autophagic features (i.e., TRAIL upregulation and BCL-2 downregulation), it appears that the unique mechanism of acquired resistance to metformin has opposing roles in growth and metastatic dissemination. While refractoriness to metformin limits breast cancer cell growth, likely due to aberrant mitotic/cytokinetic machinery and accelerated autophagy, it notably increases the potential of metastatic dissemination by amplifying the number of pro-migratory and stemness inputs via the activation of a significant number of proteases and EMT regulators. Future studies should elucidate whether our findings using supra-physiological concentrations of metformin mechanistically mimic the ultimate processes that could paradoxically occur in a polyploid, senescent-autophagic scenario triggered by the chronic metabolic stresses that occur during cancer development and after treatment with cancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Oliveras-Ferraros
- Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain; Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vazquez-Martin
- Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain; Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain; Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain
| | - Bruna Corominas-Faja
- Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain; Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica; Hospital Universitari Sant Joan and Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica; Hospital Universitari Sant Joan and Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus, Spain
| | - Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain; Unit of Clinical Research; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica; Hospital Universitari Sant Joan and Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona (ICO-Girona); Girona, Spain; Molecular Oncology; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI); Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dong Y, Loessner D, Irving-Rodgers H, Obermair A, Nicklin JL, Clements JA. Metastasis of ovarian cancer is mediated by kallikrein related peptidases. Clin Exp Metastasis 2014; 31:135-47. [PMID: 24043563 PMCID: PMC3892111 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-013-9615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, in particular epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), is commonly diagnosed when the tumor has metastasized into the abdominal cavity with an accumulation of ascites fluid. Combining histopathology and genetic variations, EOC can be sub-grouped into Type-I and Type-II tumors, of which the latter are more aggressive and metastatic. Metastasis and chemoresistance are the key events associated with the tumor microenvironment that lead to a poor patient outcome. Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are aberrantly expressed in EOC, in particular, in the more metastatic Type-II tumors. KLKs are a family of 15 serine proteases that are expressed in diverse human tissues and involved in various patho-physiological processes. As extracellular enzymes, KLKs function in the hydrolysis of growth factors, proteases, cell membrane bound receptors, adhesion proteins, and cytokines initiating intracellular signaling pathways and their downstream events. High KLK levels are differentially associated with the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients, suggesting that they not only have application as biomarkers but also function in disease progression, and therefore are potential therapeutic targets. Recent studies have demonstrated the function of these proteases in promoting and/or suppressing the invasive behavior of ovarian cancer cells in metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Both conventional cell culture methods and three-dimensional platforms have been applied to mimic the ovarian cancer microenvironment of patients, such as the solid stromal matrix and ascites fluid. Here we summarize published studies to provide an overview of our understanding of the role of KLKs in EOC, and to lay the foundation for future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- Cancer Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Duffy MJ. PSA in Screening for Prostate Cancer. Adv Clin Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801401-1.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
47
|
Li S, Lu X, Chi P, Pan J. Identification of HOXB8 and KLK11 expression levels as potential biomarkers to predict the effects of FOLFOX4 chemotherapy. Future Oncol 2013; 9:727-36. [PMID: 23647300 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To measure global gene expression in primary advanced colorectal cancer patients who have undergone fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4) chemotherapy and screen valuable biomarkers to predict the effects of chemotherapy. MATERIALS & METHODS Samples from primary advanced colorectal cancer patients were collected. The effects of chemotherapy were evaluated, and patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group. Cancerous tissue gene expression profiles were detected by chip technology. Valuable biomarkers were screened by bioinformatic analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to characterize the pattern of HOXB8 and KLK11 expression. HOXB8 and KLK11 signal probe values were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS There were differentially expressed genes in the two groups. HOXB8 and KLK11 proteins were observed in the nucleus and on the outside of the cancer cells, respectively. Their prediction accuracies were 79.9 and 76.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION HOXB8 and KLK11 may be classified as valuable biomarkers, as they can predict the effects of FOLFOX4 chemotherapy in primary advanced colorectal cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaotang Li
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liu X, Xiong H, Li J, He Y, Yuan X. Correlation of hK6 expression with tumor recurrence and prognosis in advanced gastric cancer. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:62. [PMID: 23587030 PMCID: PMC3674969 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human kallikrein gene 6 (KLK6) is a member of the human kallikrein gene family (Kallikreins, KLKs). Human kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (hK6) is a trypsin-like serine protease encoded by the KLK6, has been reported to be highly expressed in several cancers including gastric cancer. In this study, we investigated the the correlation of hK6 expression with clinicopathological characteristics, tumor recurrence and prognosis in advanced gastric carcinoma after curative resection. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 129 cases advanced gastric cancer after curative gastrectomy. The expression of hK6 in advanced gastric cancer tissues compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues were examined, and the relationship between hK6 expression and clinicopathological characteristics was evaluated. In additional, these patients were followed up to investigate the relationship between hK6 expression and the survival time. Results The positive rate of hK6 expression was significantly higher in advanced gastric cancer tissue, than that in adjacent noncancerous and gastric ulcer tissues (36.5%, 33.3%, respectively, P < 0.001). There was a close relationship between hK6 expression and TNM stage (P = 0.005), vascular invasion (P = 0.037) and perineural invasion (P = 0.035). Furthermore, patients with hK6 positive showed significantly higher recurrence and poorer prognosis than those with hK6 negative. Multivariate analysis showed that hK6 expression was a significant independent factor for tumor recurrence and overall survival. Conclusion hK6 is overexpressed in advanced gastric cancer tissues. Its clinical utility may be used as an unfavorable indicator in predicting tumor recurrence and prognosis for advanced gastric cancer after operation. This study also suggests that hK6 might be a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/8558403578787206
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xunqi Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kallikrein-related peptidase 10 expression in salivary gland tissues and tumours. Int J Biol Markers 2012; 27:e381-8. [PMID: 23250777 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2012.10373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (KLK10) has been implicated in the development of several types of cancer. The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of KLK10 in 3 types of salivary gland tumour and normal salivary glands. MATERIALS AND METHODS A standard immunoperoxidase staining technique was used to assess the immunoexpression profile of KLK10 in normal salivary glands and 3 types of salivary gland tumour: pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. RESULTS Pleomorphic adenomas showed significantly lower KLK10 levels than control tissues. Neither of the malignant tumours (adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma) showed a significant alteration in the immunoreactive scores of KLK10 in comparison with the normal salivary gland tissues. KLK10 immunoreactive scores were comparable in adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Pleomorphic adenoma had significantly lower levels of KLK10 than mucoepidermoid carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The finding of lower KLK10 levels in pleomorphic adenoma suggests aberrant expression in a tumour that develops primarily from myoepithelial cells. A kallikrein cascade may play a role in the development and/or outcome of some salivary gland tumours.
Collapse
|
50
|
Kontos CK, Chantzis D, Papadopoulos IN, Scorilas A. Kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4) mRNA predicts short-term relapse in colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Cancer Lett 2012. [PMID: 23201139 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The members of the kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) family are aberrantly expressed in cancer, including colorectal adenocarcinoma. KLK4 is an endogenous activator of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) in HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, inducing PAR1 signaling and subsequent ERK1/2 activation. The aim of this study was to analyze KLK4 mRNA expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma and to examine its prognostic value as a novel molecular tissue biomarker in this malignancy. Therefore, total RNA was isolated from primary tumors of 81 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients, cDNA was prepared, and KLK4 mRNA expression analysis was performed using quantitative real-time PCR. KLK4 mRNA was significantly associated with the Dukes stage, tumor invasion, size, and histological grade. Survival analysis demonstrated that KLK4 mRNA expression constitutes an unfavorable prognostic biomarker in colorectal adenocarcinoma, predicting poor disease-free survival (DFS), independently of the nodal status and tumor size. Furthermore, KLK4 mRNA predicts short-term relapse of lymph node-negative patients or those with tumors of early Dukes stage. In conclusion, KLK4 mRNA expression can be regarded as a novel potential tissue biomarker in colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos K Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|