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Jehle DVK, Nguyen N, Garza MA, Kim DK, Paul KK, Bilby NJ, Bogache WK, Chevli KK. PSA Levels and Mortality in Prostate Cancer Patients. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:102162. [PMID: 39094287 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2024.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer among men around the world. Several smaller studies have explored the relationship between elevated PSA and mortality, but results have been conflicting. Additionally, studies have shown that Black men are more likely to be diagnosed with PC at late-stages and may have a twofold increase in mortality risk. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between PSA levels and mortality in patients with PC and differences between Black versus White patients. METHODS In this retrospective study, the TriNetX database, was used to extract de-identified EMRs of 198,083 patients. Patients were included if they were diagnosed with PC and had obtained a PSA level (measured in ng/mL) within 6 months prior to diagnosis. Cohorts were separated into 7 groups based on intervals of PSA, ranging from < 2 to ≥ 500 and compared to a control cohort with a PSA of 4 to 20 for differing 2-year mortality rates. A subgroup analysis was performed to compare mortality differences between Black and White patients. A posthoc analysis evaluated 5- and 10-year mortality amongst all patients with PC. RESULTS After propensity matching, mortality risk was significantly lower for patients with PSA < 2 (5.9% vs. 7.5%; RR 0.784; P < .001) when compared to the control cohort. Mortality was significantly higher for all other subsequent PSA intervals > 20, with the lowest risk ratios at PSA 20-100 (24.1% vs. 10.0%; RR 2.419; P < .001) and highest at PSA 200 to 500 (50.4% vs. 10.8%; RR 4.673; P < .001). The sub-group analysis showed that when compared to White patients, Black patients with PSA < 20 had similar mortalities, but had significantly lower 2-year mortality rates at PSA levels ≥ 20. The posthoc analysis of PSA levels and 5- and 10-year mortality of all patients with PC showed similar trends to the 2-year outcomes. CONCLUSION This study found that prostate cancer patients with significantly elevated PSA levels have a greater mortality, and Black patients have lower 2-year mortality rates than their White counterparts when matched for PSA levels greater than 20.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nam Nguyen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Michael A Garza
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Debora K Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Krishna K Paul
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Nathaniel J Bilby
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - William K Bogache
- Department of Urology, Grand Strand Regional Medical Center, Myrtle Beach, SC
| | - K Kent Chevli
- Department of Urology, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
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Patel R, Desai C, Acharya R, Raveshia D, Shah S, Panesar H, Patel N, Singh R. Five historical innovations that have shaped modern urological surgery. J Perioper Pract 2024; 34:154-163. [PMID: 38149615 DOI: 10.1177/17504589231214388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Throughout history, many innovations have contributed to the development of modern urological surgery, improving patient outcomes and expanding the range of treatment options available to patients. This article explores five key historical innovations that have shaped modern urological surgery: External shockwave lithotripsy, transurethral resection of prostate, cystoscope, perioperative prostate-specific antigen and robotic surgery. The selection of innovations for inclusion in this article was meticulously determined through expert consensus and an extensive literature review. We will review the development, impact and significance of each innovation, highlighting their contributions to the field of urological surgery and their ongoing relevance in contemporary and perioperative practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Patel
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Shrewsbury and Telford Trust, The Princess Royal Hospital, Apley Castle, Telford, UK
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
| | - Chaitya Desai
- Department of Urology, Walsall Manor Hospital, Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust, Walsall, UK
| | - Radhika Acharya
- Department of Intensive Care, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dimit Raveshia
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Saumil Shah
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Princess Royal Hospital, Apley Castle, Telford, UK
| | - Harrypal Panesar
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Princess Royal Hospital, Apley Castle, Telford, UK
| | | | - Rohit Singh
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
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Buja A, De Luca G, Zorzi M, Bovo E, Mocellin S, Trevisiol C, Bronte V, Guzzinati S, Rugge M. Thirty-two-year trends of cancer incidence by sex and cancer site in the Veneto Region from 1987 to 2019. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1267534. [PMID: 38259775 PMCID: PMC10800396 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1267534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This observational study considers the sex-specific incidence of the most incident cancers as recorded in the population-based Veneto Regional Cancer Registry over a period of more than 30 years (1987-2019). Methods The Veneto Regional Cancer Registry collected data for the time interval 1987-2019. Significant changes in incidence trends calculated on age-standardized incidence rates (Annual Percent Change-APC) were identified by join point regression analysis. Results Overall, the incidence trend for all cancers decreased in males and remained stable in females. In nine cancer sites, the incidence trends showed consistent differences by sex (oral cavity, esophagus, colon rectum and anus, liver, larynx, lung, cutaneous malignant melanoma, bladder, and thyroid gland). Other malignancies did not show significant sex-related differences (stomach, pancreas, biliary tract, kidney/urinary tract, central nervous system, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and leukemia). Conclusion In the period 1987-2019, this study revealed sex-related differences in cancer incidence trends. Over time, cancer incidence remained higher in males, with a decreasing epidemiological impact, plausibly resulting from prevention campaigns against environmental cancer risk factors, as tobacco and alcohol. Conversely, a significant decrease was not observed in the incidence trend in females. These findings contribute essential insights for profiling the epidemiological map of cancer in a large Italian population, allowing comparison with other European cancer epidemiology studies and providing updated data supporting sex-related primary and secondary cancer prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Buja
- Department of Cardiological, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Luca
- Department of Cardiological, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Manuel Zorzi
- Veneto Tumour Registry, Azienda Zero, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Simone Mocellin
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum, and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV – IRCCS, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology – DISCOG, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Trevisiol
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum, and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV – IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimo Rugge
- Veneto Tumour Registry, Azienda Zero, Padua, Italy
- Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Chang HJ, Moi SH, Chan YJ, Lan TY. A non-socially-sensitive predictive model of prostate cancer for Asian males with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A multi-site cross-sectional case-control study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295608. [PMID: 38079423 PMCID: PMC10712871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common in aging Asian males and is associated with an excess risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa). However, discussions about socially-sensitive experiences such as sexual activity, which can significantly predict PCa risk, may be considered stigmatized in Asian culture. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for PCa risk in Asian males with BPH using non-socially-sensitive information. METHODS A cross-sectional case-control study, with PCa patients as the cases and remaining as the controls, was conducted on a cohort of Taiwanese males with BPH from four medical institutions. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled, excluding those aged over 86 years or who had received human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Non-socially-sensitive variables such as obesity, occupational exposure, HPV infection, and PCa family history score (FH score) were included in a fully adjusted logistic regression model, and depicted using a nomogram. RESULTS Among 236 BPH patients, 45.3% had PCa. Obesity, occupational exposure, HPV infection, and family history of PCa were significantly associated with PCa risk. The FH score (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.03-3.47, P = 0.041) had the highest impact, followed by HPV infection (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.03-2.11, P = 0.034), occupational exposure (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.15-1.51, P <0.001), and obesity (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.07-1.41, P = 0.005). The nomogram accurately depicted the predictive risk, and the model demonstrated robust performance compared to individual factors. In addition, the subgroup analysis results showed elderly age group could obtain more favorable predictive performance in our proposed model (AUC = 0.712). CONCLUSION This non-socially-sensitive predictive model for PCa risk in Taiwanese males with BPH integrates multiple factors that could provide acceptable PCa risk-predictive performance, especially for elderly BPH patients over 70 years, aiding clinical decision-making and early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Jui Chang
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wesing Surgery Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Hua Moi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jiun Chan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Infection Control, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzuo-Yun Lan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Hospital and Healthcare Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Orlov AV, Burenin AG, Skirda AM, Nikitin PI. Kinetic Analysis of Prostate-Specific Antigen Interaction with Monoclonal Antibodies for Development of a Magnetic Immunoassay Based on Nontransparent Fiber Structures. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228077. [PMID: 36432177 PMCID: PMC9693269 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men worldwide. Measuring the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is regarded as essential during prostate cancer screening. Early diagnosis of this disease relapse after radical prostatectomy requires extremely sensitive methods. This research presents an approach to development of an ultrasensitive magnetic sandwich immunoassay, which demonstrates the limit of PSA detection in human serum of 19 pg/mL at a dynamic range exceeding 3.5 orders of concentration. Such attractive performance stems, inter alia, from the kinetic analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against free PSA to select the mAbs exhibiting best kinetic characteristics and specificity. The analysis is carried out with a label-free multiplex spectral-correlation interferometry compatible with inexpensive single-use glass sensor chips. The high sensitivity of developed PSA immunoassay is due to electronic quantification of magnetic nanolabels functionalized by the selected mAbs and three-dimension porous filters used as an extended solid phase. The assay is promising for PSA monitoring after radical prostatectomy. The proposed versatile approach can be applied for the rational design of highly sensitive tests for detection of other analytes in many fields, including in vitro diagnostics, veterinary, food safety, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Orlov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.O.); (P.I.N.)
| | - Alexandr G. Burenin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artemiy M. Skirda
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr I. Nikitin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.O.); (P.I.N.)
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Jiménez-Vacas JM, Montero-Hidalgo AJ, Gómez-Gómez E, Fuentes-Fayos AC, Ruiz-Pino F, Guler I, Camargo A, Anglada FJ, Carrasco-Valiente J, Tena-Sempere M, Sarmento-Cabral A, Castaño JP, Gahete MD, Luque RM. In1-Ghrelin Splicing Variant as a Key Element in the Pathophysiological Association Between Obesity and Prostate Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4956-e4968. [PMID: 34255835 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent studies emphasize the importance of considering the metabolic status to develop personalized medicine approaches. This is especially relevant in prostate cancer (PCa), wherein the diagnostic capability of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) dramatically drops when considering patients with PSA levels ranging from 3 to 10 ng/mL, the so-called grey zone. Hence, additional noninvasive diagnostic and/or prognostic PCa biomarkers are urgently needed, especially in the metabolic-status context. OBJECTIVE To assess the potential relation of urine In1-ghrelin (a ghrelin-splicing variant) levels with metabolic-related/pathological conditions (eg, obesity, diabetes, body mass index, insulin and glucose levels) and to define its potential clinical value in PCa (diagnostic/prognostic capacity) and relationship with PCa risk in patients with PSA in the grey zone. METHODS Urine In1-ghrelin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in a clinically, metabolically, pathologically well-characterized cohort of patients without (n = 397) and with (n = 213) PCa with PSA in the grey zone. RESULTS Key obesity-related factors associated with PCa risk (BMI, diabetes, glucose and insulin levels) were strongly correlated to In1-ghrelin levels. Importantly, In1-ghrelin levels were higher in PCa patients compared to control patients with suspect of PCa but negative biopsy). Moreover, high In1-ghrelin levels were associated with increased PCa risk and linked to PCa aggressiveness (eg, tumor stage, lymphovascular invasion). In1-ghrelin levels added significant diagnostic value to a clinical model consisting of age, suspicious digital rectal exam, previous biopsy, and PSA levels. Furthermore, a multivariate model consisting of clinical and metabolic variables, including In1-ghrelin levels, showed high specificity and sensitivity to diagnose PCa (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.740). CONCLUSIONS Urine In1-ghrelin levels are associated with obesity-related factors and PCa risk and aggressiveness and could represent a novel and valuable noninvasive PCa biomarker, as well as a potential link in the pathophysiological relationship between obesity and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J Montero-Hidalgo
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Pino
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ipek Guler
- Leuven Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre (L-BioStat), Katholiek Universiteit (KU) Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonio Camargo
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Anglada
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Julia Carrasco-Valiente
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - André Sarmento-Cabral
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
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The electrochemical detection of prostate specific antigen on glassy carbon electrode modified with combinations of graphene quantum dots, cobalt phthalocyanine and an aptamer. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 221:111462. [PMID: 33992966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel aptasensor is developed for the electrochemical detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) on electrode surfaces modified using various combinations of a Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), an aptamer and graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as well as differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) are employed for the detection of PSA. In both analytical techniques, linear calibration curves were observed at a concentration range of 1.2-2.0 pM. The glassy carbon electrode where CoPc and GQDs are placed on the electrode when non-covalently linked followed by addition of the aptamer (GQDs-CoPc(ππ)-aptamer (sequential)) showed the best performance with a limit of detection (LoD) as low as 0.66 pM when using DPV. The detection limits were much lower than the dangerous levels reported for PSA in males tested for prostate cancer. This electrode showed selectivity for PSA in the presence of bovine serum albumin, glucose and L-cysteine. The aptasensor showed good stability, reproducibility and repeatability, deeming it a promising early detection device for prostate cancer.
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Pandareesh MD, Kameshwar VH, Byrappa K. Prostate Carcinogenesis: Insights in Relation to Epigenetics and Inflammation. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:253-267. [PMID: 32682386 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200719020709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a multifactorial disease that mainly occurs due to the accumulation of somatic, genetic, and epigenetic changes, resulting in the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes. Mutations in genes, specifically those that control cell growth and division or the repair of damaged DNA, make the cells grow and divide uncontrollably to form a tumor. The risk of developing prostate cancer depends upon the gene that has undergone the mutation. Identifying such genetic risk factors for prostate cancer poses a challenge for the researchers. Besides genetic mutations, many epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications (methylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, and phosphorylation) nucleosomal remodeling, and chromosomal looping, have significantly contributed to the onset of prostate cancer as well as the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. Chronic inflammation also plays a major role in the onset and progression of human cancer, via modifications in the tumor microenvironment by initiating epithelialmesenchymal transition and remodeling the extracellular matrix. In this article, the authors present a brief history of the mechanisms and potential links between the genetic aberrations, epigenetic changes, inflammation, and inflammasomes that are known to contribute to the prognosis of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the authors examine and discuss the clinical potential of prostate carcinogenesis in relation to epigenetics and inflammation for its diagnosis and treatment..
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirazkar D Pandareesh
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
| | - Vivek H Kameshwar
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
| | - Kullaiah Byrappa
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
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Texture Feature-Based Classification on Transrectal Ultrasound Image for Prostatic Cancer Detection. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7359375. [PMID: 33082840 PMCID: PMC7559226 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7359375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Early detection of prostate cancer is the key to successful treatment. Ultrasound imaging is one of the most suitable methods for the early detection of prostate cancer. Although ultrasound images can show cancer lesions, subjective interpretation is not accurate. Therefore, this paper proposes a transrectal ultrasound image analysis method, aiming at characterizing prostate tissue through image processing to evaluate the possibility of malignant tumours. Firstly, the input image is preprocessed by optical density conversion. Then, local binarization and Gaussian Markov random fields are used to extract texture features, and the linear combination is performed. Finally, the fused texture features are provided to SVM classifier for classification. The method has been applied to data set of 342 transrectal ultrasound images obtained from hospitals with an accuracy of 70.93%, sensitivity of 70.00%, and specificity of 71.74%. The experimental results show that it is possible to distinguish cancerous tissues from noncancerous tissues to some extent.
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Hassan SU, Zhang X. Design and Fabrication of Optical Flow Cell for Multiplex Detection of β-lactamase in Microchannels. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11040385. [PMID: 32260509 PMCID: PMC7230666 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturized quantitative assays offer multiplexing capability in a microfluidic device for high-throughput applications such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) studies. The detection of these multiple microchannels in a single microfluidic device becomes crucial for point-of-care (POC) testing and clinical diagnostics. This paper showcases an optical flow cell for detection of parallel microchannels in a microfluidic chip. The flow cell operates by measuring the light intensity from the microchannels based on Beer-Lambert law in a linearly moving chip. While this platform could be tailored for a wide variety of applications, here we show the design, fabrication and working principle of the device. β-lactamase, an indicator of bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, especially in milk, is shown as an example. The flow cell has a small footprint and uses low-powered, low-cost components, which makes it ideally suited for use in portable devices that require multiple sample detection in a single chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammer-ul Hassan
- Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Correspondence: (S.-u.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xunli Zhang
- Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Correspondence: (S.-u.H.); (X.Z.)
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Nekrasov KA, Vikarchuk MV, Rudenko EE, Ivanitskiy IV, Grygorenko VM, Danylets RO, Kondratov AG, Stoliar LA, Sharopov BR, Kashuba VI. 6-gene promoter methylation assay is potentially applicable for prostate cancer clinical staging based on urine collection following prostatic massage. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6917-6925. [PMID: 31807193 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of prostate cancer (PCa) biomarkers in bodily fluids, a process known as liquid biopsy, is a promising approach and particularly beneficial when performed in urine samples due to their maximal non-invasiveness requirement of collection. A number of gene panels proposed for this purpose have allowed discrimination between disease-free prostate and PCa; however, they bear no significant prognostic value. With the purpose to develop a gene panel for PCa diagnosis and prognosis, the methylation status of 17 cancer-associated genes were analyzed in urine cell-free DNA obtained from 31 patients with PCa and 33 control individuals using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). Among these, 13 genes indicated the increase in methylation frequency in patients with PCa compared with controls. No prior association has been reported between adenomatosis polyposis coli 2 (APC2), homeobox A9, Wnt family member 7A (WNT7A) and N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 4 protein genes with PCa. The 6-gene panel consisting of APC2, cadherin 1, forkhead box P1, leucine rich repeat containing 3B, WNT7A and zinc family protein of the cerebellum 4 was subsequently developed providing PCa detection with 78% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The number of genes methylated (NGM) value introduced for this panel was indicated to rise monotonically from 0.27 in control individuals to 4.6 and 4.25 in patients with highly developed and metastatic T2/T3 stage cancer, respectively. Therefore, the approach of defining the NGM value may not only allow for the detection of PCa, but also provide a rough evaluation of tumor malignancy and metastatic potential by non-invasive MSP analysis of urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostyantyn A Nekrasov
- Department of Molecular Oncogenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03143, Ukraine
| | - Mark V Vikarchuk
- Department of Reconstructive Urology and New Technologies, State Institution of The NAMSU, Kyiv 04053, Ukraine
| | - Evgeniya E Rudenko
- Department of Molecular Oncogenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03143, Ukraine
| | | | - Viacheslav M Grygorenko
- Department of Reconstructive Urology and New Technologies, State Institution of The NAMSU, Kyiv 04053, Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav O Danylets
- Department of Reconstructive Urology and New Technologies, State Institution of The NAMSU, Kyiv 04053, Ukraine
| | - Alexander G Kondratov
- Department of Molecular Oncogenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03143, Ukraine
| | - Liubov A Stoliar
- Department of Molecular Oncogenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03143, Ukraine
| | - Bizhan R Sharopov
- Department of Nerve and Muscle Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 01024, Ukraine.,Department of Biology, National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Kyiv 04070, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr I Kashuba
- Department of Molecular Oncogenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03143, Ukraine
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12
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Xu L, Lee JR, Hao S, Ling XB, Brooks JD, Wang SX, Gambhir SS. Improved detection of prostate cancer using a magneto-nanosensor assay for serum circulating autoantibodies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221051. [PMID: 31404106 PMCID: PMC6690541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a magneto-nanosensor (MNS) based multiplex assay to measure protein and autoantibody biomarkers from human serum for prostate cancer (CaP) diagnosis. Materials and methods A 4-panel MNS autoantibody assay and a MNS protein assay were developed and optimized in our labs. Using these assays, serum concentration of six biomarkers including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) protein, free/total PSA ratio, as well as four autoantibodies against Parkinson disease 7 (PARK7), TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TARDBP), Talin 1 (TLN1), and Caldesmon 1 (CALD1) and were analyzed. Human serum samples from 99 patients (50 with non-cancer and 49 with clinically localized CaP) were evaluated. Results The MNS assay showed excellent performance characteristics and no cross-reactivity. All autoantibody assays showed a statistically significant difference between CaP and non-cancer samples except for PARK7. The most significant difference was the combination of the four autoantibodies as a panel in addition to the free/total PSA ratio. This combination had the highest area under the curve (AUC)– 0.916 in ROC analysis. Conclusions Our results suggest that this autoantibody panel along with PSA and free PSA have potential to segregate patients without cancer from those with prostate cancer with higher sensitivity and specificity than PSA alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Xu
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jung-Rok Lee
- Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shiying Hao
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Departments of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Xuefeng Bruce Ling
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Departments of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - James D. Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Shan X. Wang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Klinkenberg LJ, Lentjes EG, Boer AK. Clinical interpretation of prostate-specific antigen values: Type of applied cut-off value exceeds methods bias as the major source of variation. Ann Clin Biochem 2019; 56:259-265. [PMID: 30798616 DOI: 10.1177/0004563218822665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific antigen is the biochemical gold standard for the (early) detection and monitoring of prostate cancer. Interpretation of prostate-specific antigen is both dependent on the method and cut-off. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of method-specific differences and cut-off values in a national external quality assessment scheme (EQAS). METHODS The Dutch EQAS for prostate-specific antigen comprised an annual distribution of 12 control materials. The results of two distributions were combined with the corresponding cut-off value. Differences between methods were quantified by simple linear regression based on the all laboratory trimmed mean. To assess the clinical consequence of method-specific differences and cut-off values, a clinical data-set of 1040 patients with an initial prostate-specific antigen measurement and concomitant conclusive prostate biopsy was retrospectively collected. Sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer were calculated for all EQAS participants individually. RESULTS In the Netherlands, seven different prostate-specific antigen methods are used. Interestingly, 67% of these laboratories apply age-specific cut-off values. Methods showed a maximal relative difference of 26%, which were not reflected in the cut-off values. The largest differences were caused by the type of cut-off, for example in the Roche group the cut-off value differed maximal 217%. Clinically, a fixed prostate-specific antigen cut-off has a higher sensitivity than an age-specific cut-off (mean 89% range 86-93% versus 79% range 63-95%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the differences in cut-off values exceed the method-specific differences. These results emphasize the need for (inter)national harmonization/standardization programmes including cut-off values to allow for laboratory-independent clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eef Gwm Lentjes
- 2 Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen-Kars Boer
- 1 Clinical Laboratory, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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14
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Different mice inbred strains humoral immune response against human prostate-specific antigen. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj91.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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15
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Vanacore D, Boccellino M, Rossetti S, Cavaliere C, D'Aniello C, Di Franco R, Romano FJ, Montanari M, La Mantia E, Piscitelli R, Nocerino F, Cappuccio F, Grimaldi G, Izzo A, Castaldo L, Pepe MF, Malzone MG, Iovane G, Ametrano G, Stiuso P, Quagliuolo L, Barberio D, Perdonà S, Muto P, Montella M, Maiolino P, Veneziani BM, Botti G, Caraglia M, Facchini G. Micrornas in prostate cancer: an overview. Oncotarget 2018; 8:50240-50251. [PMID: 28445135 PMCID: PMC5564846 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second highest cause of cancer mortality after lung tumours. In USA it affects about 2.8 million men and the incidence increases with age in many countries. Therefore, early diagnosis is a very important step for patient clinical evaluation and for a selective and efficient therapy. The study of miRNAs' functions and molecular mechanisms has brought new knowledge in biological processes of cancer. In prostate cancer there is a deregulation of several miRNAs that may function as tumour suppressors or oncogenes. The aim of this review is to analyze the progress made to our understanding of the role of miRNA dysregulation in prostate cancer tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vanacore
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossetti
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Cavaliere
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Department of Onco-Ematology Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital of Taranto, Taranto, Italy
| | - Carmine D'Aniello
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.R.N. dei COLLI "Ospedali Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO", Napoli, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Franco
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale', IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Jacopo Romano
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy
| | - Micaela Montanari
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira La Mantia
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Piscitelli
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Pharmacy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Nocerino
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale', IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappuccio
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Psicology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale', IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grimaldi
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Urology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Izzo
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Urology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Castaldo
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Urology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Filomena Pepe
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Malzone
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Iovane
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ametrano
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale', IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Stiuso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Quagliuolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Barberio
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Psicology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale', IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sisto Perdonà
- Division of Urology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale', IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maurizio Montella
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale', IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Piera Maiolino
- Pharmacy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Veneziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy.,Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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16
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Hydrogel-based suspension array for biomarker detection using horseradish peroxidase-mediated silver precipitation. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 999:132-138. [PMID: 29254564 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Advances in medical diagnostics and personalized therapy require robust, sensitive yet cost-effective diagnostic tools for rapid measurement of biomolecules including proteins in body fluids. State-of-the-art technologies are complex and rely on expensive or custom made detection system, and therefore, cannot be readily adapted for point-of-care (POC) analysis. The development of a novel detection platform, which leverages horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mediated silver precipitation within antibody immobilized porosity tuned poly (ethylene) glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel microparticles with the operational advantages of suspension arrays for sensitive quantification of biomarkers, is described. In this study, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been used as a model protein. The silver deposition corresponded to the concentration of VEGF in solution. The detection limit of 5.2 ± 1.0 pg/mL and assay time of 2 h highlights that this assay exceeds the conventional technologies in terms of sensitivity and speed. The practical applicability of the hydrogel microparticle based detection system has been established by demonstrating the ability of the system to quantify the production of VEGF by highly aggressive (MDA-MB-231) and non-aggressive (MCF-7) breast cancer cells. The reliance on simple instrument for quantification of clinically relevant markers bolsters the adaptability of the detection platform/method in POC settings.
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17
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Ishikawa T, Yoneyama T, Tobisawa Y, Hatakeyama S, Kurosawa T, Nakamura K, Narita S, Mitsuzuka K, Duivenvoorden W, Pinthus JH, Hashimoto Y, Koie T, Habuchi T, Arai Y, Ohyama C. An Automated Micro-Total Immunoassay System for Measuring Cancer-Associated α2,3-linked Sialyl N-Glycan-Carrying Prostate-Specific Antigen May Improve the Accuracy of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020470. [PMID: 28241428 PMCID: PMC5344002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The low specificity of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for early detection of prostate cancer (PCa) is a major issue worldwide. The aim of this study to examine whether the serum PCa-associated α2,3-linked sialyl N-glycan-carrying PSA (S2,3PSA) ratio measured by automated micro-total immunoassay systems (μTAS system) can be applied as a diagnostic marker of PCa. The μTAS system can utilize affinity-based separation involving noncovalent interaction between the immunocomplex of S2,3PSA and Maackia amurensis lectin to simultaneously determine concentrations of free PSA and S2,3PSA. To validate quantitative performance, both recombinant S2,3PSA and benign-associated α2,6-linked sialyl N-glycan-carrying PSA (S2,6PSA) purified from culture supernatant of PSA cDNA transiently-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells were used as standard protein. Between 2007 and 2016, fifty patients with biopsy-proven PCa were pair-matched for age and PSA levels, with the same number of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients used to validate the diagnostic performance of serum S2,3PSA ratio. A recombinant S2,3PSA- and S2,6PSA-spiked sample was clearly discriminated by μTAS system. Limit of detection of S2,3PSA was 0.05 ng/mL and coefficient variation was less than 3.1%. The area under the curve (AUC) for detection of PCa for the S2,3PSA ratio (%S2,3PSA) with cutoff value 43.85% (AUC; 0.8340) was much superior to total PSA (AUC; 0.5062) using validation sample set. Although the present results are preliminary, the newly developed μTAS platform for measuring %S2,3PSA can achieve the required assay performance specifications for use in the practical and clinical setting and may improve the accuracy of PCa diagnosis. Additional validation studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Ishikawa
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
- Diagnostics Research Laboratories, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Hyogo 661-0963, Japan.
| | - Tohru Yoneyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Yuki Tobisawa
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Shingo Hatakeyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Kurosawa
- Diagnostics Research Laboratories, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Hyogo 661-0963, Japan.
| | - Kenji Nakamura
- Diagnostics Research Laboratories, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Hyogo 661-0963, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Narita
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Koji Mitsuzuka
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | | | | | - Yasuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Takuya Koie
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Arai
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
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18
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Svedberg G, Jeong Y, Na H, Jang J, Nilsson P, Kwon S, Gantelius J, Svahn HA. Towards encoded particles for highly multiplexed colorimetric point of care autoantibody detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:549-556. [PMID: 28102419 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly multiplexed point of care tests could improve diagnostic accuracy and differential diagnostic capacity in for instance emergency medicine and low resource environments. Available technology platforms for POC biomarker detection are typically simplex or low-plexed, whereas common lab-based microarray systems allow for the simultaneous detection of thousands of DNA or protein biomarkers. In this study, we demonstrate a novel suspension particle array platform that utilizes 900 μm bricks for POC amenable colorimetric biomarker detection with an encoding capacity of over two million. Due to the mm-scale size, both the lithographic codes and colorimetric signals of individual particles can be visualized using a consumer grade office flatbed scanner, with a potential for simultaneous imaging of around 19 000 particles per scan. The analytical sensitivity of the assay was determined to be 4 ng ml-1 using an antibody model system. As a proof of concept, autoantibodies toward anoctamin 2 were detected in order to discriminate between multiple sclerosis plasma samples and healthy controls with p < 0.0001 and an inter-assay % CV of 9.44%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Svedberg
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yunjin Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. and Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunjong Na
- Department of Electrical and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. and QuantaMatrix Inc. 105, B1, Center for medical innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisung Jang
- QuantaMatrix Inc. 105, B1, Center for medical innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. and Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergence, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea and QuantaMatrix Inc. 105, B1, Center for medical innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesper Gantelius
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Helene Andersson Svahn
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Prajsner A, Chudek J, Szybalska A, Piotrowicz K, Zejda J, Więcek A. Socioeconomic determinants of prostate-specific antigen testing and estimation of the prevalence of undiagnosed prostate cancer in an elderly Polish population based on the PolSenior study. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:1028-1035. [PMID: 27695494 PMCID: PMC5016573 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.55271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Socioeconomic determinants of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and prevalence of undiagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) in the Polish population are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with PSA testing in elderly Polish men, and estimate the size of the population at risk of PCa related to PSA non-testing. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed questionnaire-derived data concerning PSA testing, obtained in 2567 elderly and 332 younger (age: 55-59) participants of the population-based PolSenior study. Additionally, PSA was measured in 2414 subjects. RESULTS The PSA had previously been tested in 41.2% of elderly and in 24.8% of younger participants. Non-smoking status (OR = 2.06, p < 0.001), higher personal income (OR = 1.56, p < 0.001), better education (OR = 1.49, p = 0.001), previous white-collar work (OR = 1.37, p = 0.005), alcohol abstinence (OR = 1.28, p = 0.02), married status (OR = 1.24, p = 0.04), dependence in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) but not in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (OR = 0.65, p < 0.001), and dependence in ADL (OR = 0.55, p < 0.001) were independent predictors of previous PSA testing in elderly participants. There were 31 elderly previously treated for PCa (calculated standardized prevalence: 935 per 100,000 elderly population). The PSA levels > 4 ng/ml were found in 12.8% of 65-74-year-old and 4.5% of 55-59-year-old previously non-tested participants. We calculated the standardized prevalence rate of undiagnosed PCa as approximately 1370 and 2352 cases per 100,000 population aged 55-59 and 65-74 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In Poland, 58.8% of elderly men have never had PSA tested. These were less likely to be functionally independent, married, better educated, non-smokers or to have previous office employment or higher than average personal income. Our data suggest substantial underdiagnosis of prostate cancer among Polish men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Prajsner
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Piotrowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Zejda
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Więcek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Koo KM, Wee EJ, Trau M. Colorimetric TMPRSS2-ERG Gene Fusion Detection in Prostate Cancer Urinary Samples via Recombinase Polymerase Amplification. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1415-24. [PMID: 27375789 PMCID: PMC4924509 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
TMPRSS2 (Exon 1)-ERG (Exon 4) is the most frequent gene fusion event in prostate cancer (PC), and is highly PC-specific unlike the current serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) biomarker. However, TMPRSS2-ERG levels are currently measured with quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) which is time-consuming and requires costly equipment, thus limiting its use in clinical diagnostics. Herein, we report a novel rapid, cost-efficient and minimal-equipment assay named “FusBLU” for detecting TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions from urine. TMPRSS2-ERG mRNA was amplified by isothermal reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA), magnetically-isolated, and detected through horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed colorimetric reaction. FusBLU was specific for TMPRSS2-ERG mRNA with a low visual detection limit of 105 copies. We also demonstrated assay readout versatility on 3 potentially useful platforms. The colorimetric readout was detectable by naked eye for a quick yes/no evaluation of gene fusion presence. On the other hand, a more quantitative TMPRSS2-ERG detection was achievable by absorbance/electrochemical measurements. FusBLU was successfully applied to 12 urinary samples and results were validated by gold-standard RT-qPCR. We also showed that sediment RNA was likely the main source of TMPRSS2-ERG mRNA in urinary samples. We believe that our assay is a potential clinical screening tool for PC and could also have wide applications for other disease-related fusion genes.
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Wang X, Li S, Zhang P, Lv F, Liu L, Li L, Wang S. An optical nanoruler based on a conjugated polymer-silver nanoprism pair for label-free protein detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6040-6045. [PMID: 26314928 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An optical nanoruler system based on a conjugated polyelectrolyte-silver nanoprism pair is developed for label-free protein detection by taking advantage of the metal-enhanced fluorescence effect of silver nanostructures. Antibody-antigen interactions induce a change in the metal-fluorophore distance, followed by the response of a fluorescent signal of the conjugated polyelectrolyte. The system is used to detect target antigens sensitively and selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shengliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fengting Lv
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Libing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lidong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Alexopoulou DK, Kontos CK, Christodoulou S, Papadopoulos IN, Scorilas A. KLK11 mRNA expression predicts poor disease-free and overall survival in colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Biomark Med 2015; 8:671-85. [PMID: 25123036 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated expression of several KLK family members has been observed in colorectal adenocarcinoma. In the present study, the prognostic value of KLK11 mRNA expression as a molecular tissue biomarker in colorectal adenocarcinoma was examined. MATERIALS & METHODS Using quantitative real-time PCR, KLK11 mRNA expression was studied in 120 cancerous and 41 paired noncancerous colorectal specimens obtained from 120 patients with primary colorectal adenocarcinoma. RESULTS A significant upregulation of KLK11 transcripts in colorectal tumors was observed. KLK11 mRNA expression was associated with the depth of tumor invasion and the histological grade. Furthermore, KLK11 mRNA expression predicted poor disease-free and overall survival, independently of patient gender, age, tumor size, location, histological subtype, grade, venous invasion, lymphatic invasion, TNM stage, radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment. CONCLUSION KLK11 mRNA expression could be considered as a new molecular prognostic biomarker in colorectal adenocarcinoma, with additional prognostic value in patients with highly invasive tumors and/or positive lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra K Alexopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701, Athens, Greece
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Portable smartphone quantitation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in a fluoropolymer microfluidic device. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 70:5-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lian WQ, Luo F, Song XL, Lu YJ, Zhao SC. Gonorrhea and Prostate Cancer Incidence: An Updated Meta-Analysis of 21 Epidemiologic Studies. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1902-10. [PMID: 26126881 PMCID: PMC4502545 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between gonorrhea and prostate cancer risk has been investigated widely, but the results remain inconsistent and contradictory. We conducted an updated meta-analysis to obtain a more precise estimate of this association. MATERIAL AND METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for papers up to June 2014 to identify eligible studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the influence of gonorrhea on prostate cancer risk. RESULTS Twenty-one observational studies (19 case-control and 2 cohort) were eligible, comprising 9965 prostate cancer patients and 118 765 participants. Pooled results indicated that gonorrhea was significantly associated with increased incidence of prostate cancer (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.14-1.52). The association between gonorrhea and prostate cancer was stronger in African American males (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.06-1.65) than in Whites (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.90-1.21). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that gonorrhea is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, especially among African American males. These results warrant further well-designed, large-scale cohort studies to draw definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Lian
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Lu Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Shan-Chao Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Inflammation and prostate cancer: friends or foe? Inflamm Res 2015; 64:275-86. [PMID: 25788425 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy diagnosed in men. Moving from histological observations since a long time, it has been recognized that innate and adaptive immunity actively participates in the pathogenesis, surveillance, and progression of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PubMed and Web of Science databases search was performed for studies providing evidence on the roles of the innate and adaptive immunity during the development and progression of prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS There are growing evidences that chronic inflammation is involved in the regulation of cellular events in prostate carcinogenesis, including disruption of the immune response and regulation of the tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the role played by the innate and adaptive immune system in the local progression of prostate cancer, and the prognostic information that we can currently understand and exploit.
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Vickers AJ, Sjoberg DD. Decision analysis of dutasteride use for patients with negative prostate biopsy. Urology 2015; 85:337-41. [PMID: 25623680 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the additional benefits of improved prostate cancer detection associated with 5α-reductase inhibitors are sufficient to warrant chemoprevention in the case where the degree of prostate cancer risk reduction is deemed inadequate. METHODS We reanalyzed data from REDUCE, a randomized trial of dutasteride for prostate cancer chemoprevention in men with prior negative biopsy. We evaluated whether statistical models using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSA velocity could help predict the result of repeat prostate biopsy separately for dutasteride and placebo groups. Area under the curve was evaluated by 10-fold cross-validation. RESULTS PSA velocity improved discrimination at 4 years in the dutasteride group but not at 2 years nor in the placebo group. At 2 years, dutasteride improved discrimination of PSA slightly (0.616 vs. 0.603 for any grade cancer; 0.681 vs. 0.676 for high-grade disease). Between-group differences in cancer rates at 4 years were small. CONCLUSION Clinicians who are willing to treat at least 23 patients with dutasteride for 2 years to avoid 1 prostate cancer diagnosis should offer dutasteride after initial negative biopsy. Clinicians not willing to do so might consider dutasteride for its additional benefit of reducing unnecessary biopsy, although this benefit is apparent only under very restrictive conditions. It is difficult to justify extending treatment with dutasteride for >2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Vickers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
| | - Daniel D Sjoberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery and Imaging. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Brown JG, Fulmer JR, Romano J, Pownell J, Rigler W, Wirtshafter A, Sarno M, Shappell SB. Reflex PCA3 messenger ribonucleic acid testing: validation of postbiopsy urine samples and correlation with prostate biopsy findings in ∼2000 patients. Urology 2014; 84:1172-80. [PMID: 25443926 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate post-transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) prostate biopsy (bx) urine samples for PCA3 messenger ribonucleic acid testing, including correlation of PCA3 score with concurrent bx findings. METHODS From July 2008 to July 2010, 2015 patients had urine collected immediately after a TRUS-guided prostate bx. Excluded were men with history of prostate carcinoma (CaP), <6 or ≥24 bx cores, and/or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level ≥50 ng/mL, resulting in 1909 included men. PCA3 and PSA messenger ribonucleic acid were quantitated using transcription-mediated amplification. A PCA3 score of ≥35 was considered positive. RESULTS Mean and median ages were 66 years. Mean and median PSA levels were 6.7 and 5.1 ng/mL, respectively. Bxs were benign in 970 (50.8%), CaP in 726 (38%), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) in 124 (6.5%), and atypical in 89 (4.7%). PCA3 test was informative in 1887 (98.8%) patients. Means ± standard deviations (median) of PCA3 scores for benign, HGPIN, atypical, and CaP were 22.3 ± 27.9 (12.8), 37.6 ± 43.2 (24.1), 35.7 ± 36.2 (25.7), and 46.9 ± 48.1 (31.6; P <.05 benign vs CaP, benign vs HGPIN and atypical, HGPIN and atypical vs CaP). Sensitivity and specificity of PCA3 for CaP were 46.3% and 78.7%, respectively. CaP risk increased with progressively higher PCA3 score ranges from 14.8% for PCA3 <5 to 66.7% for PCA3 >100. Area under the curve (AUC) for the PCA3 receiver operating characteristics was not significantly different in men without prior bx (AUC = 0.716) compared with men with at least 1 prior nonpositive bx (AUC = 0.702). CONCLUSION Post-TRUS bx urine is a valid sample for PCA3 testing. Patients with a negative bx and a positive PCA3 test may have a higher likelihood of unsampled CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Sarno
- Vision Biotechnology Consulting, Escondido, CA
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Zhao R, Huang Y, Cheng G, Liu J, Shao P, Qin C, Hua L, Yin C. Developing a follow-up strategy for patients with PSA ranging from 4 to 10 ng/ml via a new model to reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106933. [PMID: 25268808 PMCID: PMC4182133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to develop a follow-up strategy based on the new model to reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies in patients with prostate specific antigen (PSA) ranging from 4 to 10 ng/ml. Methods A total of 436 patients with PSA ranging from 4 to 10 ng/ml who had undergone transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy were evaluated during the first stage. Age, PSA, free PSA (fPSA), digital rectal examination (DRE) findings, ultrasonic hypoechoic mass, ultrasonic microcalcifications, prostate volume (PV) and PSA density (PSAD) were considered as predictive factors. A multiple logistic regression analysis involving a backward elimination selection procedure was applied to select independent predictors. After a comprehensive analysis of all results, we developed a new model to assess the risk of prostate cancer and an effective follow-up strategy. Results Age, PSA, PV, fPSA, rate of abnormal DRE findings and rate of hypoechoic masses detected by TRUS were included in our model. A significantly greater area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was obtained in our model when compared with using PSA alone (0.782 vs. 0.566). Patients were grouped according to the value of prostate cancer risk (PCaR). In the second stage of our study, patients with PCaR>0.52 were recommended to undergo biopsies immediately while the rest of the patients continued close follow-up observation. Compared with the first stage, the detection rate of PCa in the second stage was significantly increased (33.0% vs 21.1%, p = 0.012). There was no significant difference between the two stages in distribution of the Gleason score (p = 0.808). Conclusions We developed a follow-up strategy based on the new model, which reduced unnecessary prostate biopsies without delaying patients’ diagnoses and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Changjun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Huang Y, Liu X, Wang YH, Yeh SD, Chen CL, Nelson RA, Chu P, Wilson T, Yen Y. The prognostic value of ribonucleotide reductase small subunit M2 in predicting recurrence for prostate cancers. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:51.e9-19. [PMID: 24360663 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prognostic significance of ribonucleotide reductase small subunit M2 (RRM2) in low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective outcome study was conducted on 164 eligible PCa samples from the City of Hope (n = 90) and the Taipei Medical University (n = 74). The RRM2 protein levels were detected by immunohistochemistry. Biochemical recurrence was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analyses. Cell invasion assays, Ras/Raf, and matrix metallopeptidase 9 activities were determined to evaluate the role of RRM2 on invasiveness of PCa. RESULTS Expression of RRM2 was significantly increased in patients with higher Gleason score, who had advanced T stage, and who were margin/capsule positive (P<0.05). Analysis revealed that the expression of RRM2 positively associated with biochemical recurrence of PCa in the City of Hope set (hazard ratio = 5.26; 95% CI 1.50-24.71) and the Taipei Medical University set (hazard ratio = 2.55; 95% CI 1.30-9.22). In stratification analysis, RRM2 was significantly correlated with poor outcome in patients with lower-risk PCa, including those with Gleason score 4 to 7, margin(-), capsule(-), and stage T1-T2. In patients with Gleason score 4 to 7, the risk of recurrence was proportional to RRM2 protein levels. The prognostic performance of RRM2 was superior to that of pathoclinical factors, including margin/capsule status and T stage. An in vitro study demonstrated that RRM2 could promote tumor invasion activities in PCa cell lines. Suppression of RRM2 reduced the Ras/Raf and matrix metallopeptidase 9 activities. CONCLUSION RRM2 plays a critical role in proliferation and invasion of PCa. Adding RRM2 as a biomarker in clinical assessments may increase model precision in predicting recurrence in patients with low-risk PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasheng Huang
- Department of Urology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Xiyong Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C); Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C)
| | - Shauh-Der Yeh
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University; Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan (R.O.C.); Department Center of Excellence for Cancer Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Rebecca A Nelson
- Department of Information Science, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Peiguo Chu
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Timothy Wilson
- Department of Surgery PS-Urology & Urologic Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA
| | - Yun Yen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Center, Duarte, CA; The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C).
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Barbosa AI, Castanheira AP, Edwards AD, Reis NM. A lab-in-a-briefcase for rapid prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening from whole blood. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2918-28. [PMID: 24989886 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00464g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a new concept for rapid and fully portable prostate specific antigen (PSA) measurements, termed "lab-in-a-briefcase", which integrates an affordable microfluidic ELISA platform utilising a melt-extruded fluoropolymer microcapillary film (MCF) containing an array of 10 200 μm internal diameter capillaries, a disposable multi-syringe aspirator (MSA), a sample tray pre-loaded with all of the required immunoassay reagents, and a portable film scanner for colorimetric signal digital quantification. Each MSA can perform 10 replicate microfluidic immunoassays on 8 samples, allowing 80 measurements to be made in less than 15 minutes based on semi-automated operation, without the need of additional fluid handling equipment. The assay was optimised for the measurement of a clinically relevant range of PSA of 0.9 to 60.0 ng ml(-1) in 15 minutes with CVs on the order of 5% based on intra-assay variability when read using a consumer flatbed film scanner. The PSA assay performance in the MSA remained robust in undiluted or 1 : 2 diluted human serum or whole blood, and the matrix effect could simply be overcome by extending sample incubation times. The PSA "lab-in-a-briefcase" is particularly suited to a low-resource health setting, where diagnostic labs and automated immunoassay systems are not accessible, by allowing PSA measurement outside the laboratory using affordable equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Barbosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
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Stephan C, Ralla B, Jung K. Prostate-specific antigen and other serum and urine markers in prostate cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:99-112. [PMID: 24727384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is one of the most widely used tumor markers, and strongly correlates with the risk of harboring from prostate cancer (PCa). This risk is visible already several years in advance but PSA has severe limitations for PCa detection with its low specificity and low negative predictive value. There is an urgent need for new biomarkers especially to detect clinically significant and aggressive PCa. From all PSA-based markers, the FDA-approved Prostate Health Index (phi) shows improved specificity over percent free and total PSA. Other serum kallikreins or sarcosine in serum or urine show more diverging data. In urine, the FDA-approved prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) has also proven its utility in the detection and management of early PCa. However, some aspects on its correlation with aggressiveness and the low sensitivity at very high values have to be re-examined. The detection of a fusion of the androgen regulated TMPRSS2 gene with the ERG oncogene (from the ETS family), which acts as transcription factor gene, in tissue of ~50% of all PCa patients was one milestone in PCa research. When combining the urinary assays for TMPRSS2:ERG and PCA3, an improved accuracy for PCa detection is visible. PCA3 and phi as the best available PCa biomarkers show an equal performance in direct comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Stephan
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Ralla
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
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Huang Y, Cheng G, Liu B, Shao P, Qin C, Li J, Hua L, Yin C. A prostate biopsy strategy based on a new clinical nomogram reduces the number of biopsy cores required in high-risk patients. BMC Urol 2014; 14:8. [PMID: 24410803 PMCID: PMC3893548 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-14-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nomograms used for prostate cancer risk assessment in Western countries are not directly applicable to Chinese males; consequently, we have developed a new model to evaluate the risk of them developing this disease. Methods A total of 1104 patients who had undergone trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided 12 + 1-core prostate biopsy were retrospectively evaluated in the first stage of the study. Age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), the free/total PSA ratio (f/t), digital rectal examination (DRE) findings, the presence of a hypoechoic mass revealed using ultrasound, ultrasonic detection of microcalcifications, prostate volume (PV) and PSA density were considered as predictive factors. Multiple logistic regression analysis involving a backward elimination selection procedure was used to select independent predictors. We compared positive rates regarding 6-core and 12-core biopsy schemes at different risk levels. In the second stage of the study, 238 cases were evaluated using our nomogram. In higher risk patients, we employed a 6 + 1 core biopsy. Positive rates in the first and second stages of the study were compared. Results Age, the baseline median natural logarithm of PSA (Ln[PSA]), Ln(PV), f/t, rate of abnormal DRE findings and rate of hypoechoic masses detected using TRUS were the factors that were finally submitted into our nomogram. A significantly greater area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was obtained for the nomogram than for PSA level alone (0.853 vs. 0.761). A cancer probability cutoff value of 0.5 suggested no significant difference between the 6-core and 12-core biopsy schemes at higher risk levels. In the second stage of the study we verified that in patients with a cancer probability cutoff value >0.5, a 6 + 1-core biopsy could be used without a reduction in the positive detection rate, and significantly reducing the number of biopsy cores required. Conclusions A nomogram based on data from Chinese males was developed to predict the positive detection rate, ratio of positive cores and Gleason score at each risk level. According to this nomogram, a reasonable biopsy strategy could be constituted to reduce the number of biopsy cores required in subjects at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lixin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Stephan C, Miller K, Jung K. Is there an optimal prostate-specific antigen threshold for prostate biopsy? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 11:1215-21. [DOI: 10.1586/era.11.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hultin S, Hotston M, Day A, Taylor A, Goodall R, Thomas P, Bahl A, Persad R, Gjini A. Audit of PSA requesting practices in primary care compared to guidelines established by the Prostate Cancer Risk Management programme in the Avon region of the South West of England. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415813485945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background There is considerable challenge in transmitting the complicated information contained in the Prostate Cancer Risk Management (PCRM) programme in the primary care setting. 1 The practices surrounding requesting of PSA should be clearly understood by both GP and patient before requesting this investigation, and in order to further understand the needs and requirements of primary care practitioners in this regard we undertook an audit comparing practices in the Avon region of the Southwest of England compared to the guidelines of the PCRM programme. 1 Methods Our study identified a consistent year-on-year increase in PSA requests over the study period across all age categories and regions of the southwest of England. Results Questionnaire review of practices surrounding the PCRM programme revealed overall good practice but with space for improvement surrounding advice regarding the limitations of prostate biopsy and the relevance of testing in the elderly. Conclusions Despite requesting practices generally conforming to NICE guidelines, nearly half of all abnormal primary-care PSA tests are repeated. Requests in some cases may fall short of best practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hultin
- General Medicine, Bristol Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - M Hotston
- Department of Urology, Royal Cornwall Hospital, UK
| | - A Day
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Weston Area Health NHS Trust, UK
| | - A Taylor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal University Hospitals Bath, UK
| | - R Goodall
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North Bristol NHS Trust, UK
| | - P Thomas
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Bristol NHS Trust, UK
| | - A Bahl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bristol NHS Trust, UK
| | - R Persad
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bristol NHS Trust, UK
| | - A Gjini
- Department of Public Health, Bristol Public Health, UK
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Plebani M, Zaninotto M, Faggian D. Utilization management: A European perspective. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 427:137-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
The male reproductive system consists of the testes, a ductal system and sex accessory organs. Production of sperm by the testes combined with fluids formed by the sex accessory organs (e.g. seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands) produce a secretion that supports the survival of spermatozoa and provides a medium through which they can move through the reproductive ducts (e.g. epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct and urethra) for ejaculation of viable sperm into the female reproductive tract. Summarized herein are the essentials of normal male reproductive physiology, disorders of male sexual differentiation, pharmacological therapy of common diseases of the male genitourinary tract and the impact of drugs of abuse on the male reproductive system.
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Tilburt JC, Koller K, Tiesinga JJ, Wilson RT, Trinh AC, Hill K, Hall IJ, Smith JL, Ekwueme DU, Petersen WO. Patterns of clinical response to PSA elevation in American Indian/Alaska Native men: a multi-center pilot study. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2013; 24:1676-85. [PMID: 24185163 PMCID: PMC4733625 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2013.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess clinical treatment patterns and response times among American Indian/Alaska Native men with a newly elevated PSA. METHODS We retrospectively identified men ages 50-80 receiving care in one of three tribally-operated clinics in Northern Minnesota, one medical center in Alaska, and who had an incident PSA elevation (> 4 ng/ml) in a specified time period. A clinical response was considered timely if it was documented as occurring within 90 days of the incident PSA elevation. RESULTS Among 82 AI/AN men identified from medical records with an incident PSA elevation, 49 (60%) received a timely clinical response, while 18 (22%) had no documented clinical response. CONCLUSIONS One in five AI/AN men in our study had no documented clinical action following an incident PSA elevation. Although a pilot study, these findings suggest the need to improve the documentation, notification, and care following an elevated PSA at clinics serving AI/AN men.
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MALDI-MS tissue imaging identification of biliverdin reductase B overexpression in prostate cancer. J Proteomics 2013; 91:500-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Tsuchiyama K, Ito H, Taga M, Naganuma S, Oshinoya Y, Nagano KI, Yokoyama O, Itoh H. Expression of microRNAs associated with Gleason grading system in prostate cancer: miR-182-5p is a useful marker for high grade prostate cancer. Prostate 2013. [PMID: 23184537 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression profiles of some microRNAs (miRNAs) were associated with clinicopathological findings in human prostate cancer (PC), but the relative expression of miRNAs among Gleason patterns (GPs) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of several known microRNAs in each GP of PC. METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples were obtained from radical prostatectomy (RP) (patient set 1, n = 43, including (GP 3) n = 22, (GP 4) n = 35, and (GP 5) n = 12) and needle biopsy (patient set 2, n = 10, (GP 4) n = 10). Cancer tissues from each GP and adjacent normal counterparts were separately collected using laser-captured microdissection (LCM). Real-time RT-PCR was performed to determine the relative expression of miRNAs, including miR-31-5p, -34c-5p, -96-5p, -182-5p, -183-5p, -205-5p, -221-3p, and -222-3p, which were currently reported to be involved in PC progression. RESULTS In radical prostatectomy samples, relative expression of miR-31-5p, miR-34c-5p, and miR-205-5p in any GP was significantly decreased compared to normal counterpart. However, no significant difference was detected among GP 3, GP 4, and GP 5. Meanwhile, in the same GP4, expression of miR-31-5p miR-182-5p, and miR-205-5p in cancer tissues obtained from high grade cancer was significantly higher than those obtained from intermediate grade cancer. Validation study using biopsy samples revealed that the relative expression of miR-182-5p was statistically higher in high grade cancer even in same GP4. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the expression of miR-182-5p depended on the cancer grade even in same GP 4. Expression of miRNA associated with Gleason grading system may contribute to more accurate preoperative cancer risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuki Tsuchiyama
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Kim WT, Kim WJ. MicroRNAs in prostate cancer. Prostate Int 2012; 1:3-9. [PMID: 24223395 PMCID: PMC3821523 DOI: 10.12954/pi.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are made up of −22 endogenous nucleotides and are small, noncoding RNAs that are important regulators of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by degrading or repressing target miRNAs. miRNA expression profiles can be used for the detection of diagnostic and prognostic markers for various cancers. Also, alterations of miRNAs in cancer tissues have been associated with clinicopathological parameters. Along with circulating miRNAs, tissue miRNAs have shown promise as markers that can predict cancer recurrence and/or the potential for survival of cancer patients. Additionally, some miRNAs have therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss and assess the usefulness of tissue-derived and circulating miRNAs for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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Kontos CK, Chantzis D, Papadopoulos IN, Scorilas A. Kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4) mRNA predicts short-term relapse in colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Cancer Lett 2012. [PMID: 23201139 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The members of the kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) family are aberrantly expressed in cancer, including colorectal adenocarcinoma. KLK4 is an endogenous activator of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) in HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, inducing PAR1 signaling and subsequent ERK1/2 activation. The aim of this study was to analyze KLK4 mRNA expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma and to examine its prognostic value as a novel molecular tissue biomarker in this malignancy. Therefore, total RNA was isolated from primary tumors of 81 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients, cDNA was prepared, and KLK4 mRNA expression analysis was performed using quantitative real-time PCR. KLK4 mRNA was significantly associated with the Dukes stage, tumor invasion, size, and histological grade. Survival analysis demonstrated that KLK4 mRNA expression constitutes an unfavorable prognostic biomarker in colorectal adenocarcinoma, predicting poor disease-free survival (DFS), independently of the nodal status and tumor size. Furthermore, KLK4 mRNA predicts short-term relapse of lymph node-negative patients or those with tumors of early Dukes stage. In conclusion, KLK4 mRNA expression can be regarded as a novel potential tissue biomarker in colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos K Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Akamatsu S, Takahashi A, Takata R, Kubo M, Inoue T, Morizono T, Tsunoda T, Kamatani N, Haiman CA, Wan P, Chen GK, Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Henderson BE, Fujioka T, Habuchi T, Nakamura Y, Ogawa O, Nakagawa H. Reproducibility, performance, and clinical utility of a genetic risk prediction model for prostate cancer in Japanese. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46454. [PMID: 23071574 PMCID: PMC3468627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is widely used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer (PC). However, due to its low predictive performance, many patients without PC suffer from the harms of unnecessary prostate needle biopsies. The present study aims to evaluate the reproducibility and performance of a genetic risk prediction model in Japanese and estimate its utility as a diagnostic biomarker in a clinical scenario. We created a logistic regression model incorporating 16 SNPs that were significantly associated with PC in a genome-wide association study of Japanese population using 689 cases and 749 male controls. The model was validated by two independent sets of Japanese samples comprising 3,294 cases and 6,281 male controls. The areas under curve (AUC) of the model were 0.679, 0.655, and 0.661 for the samples used to create the model and those used for validation. The AUCs were not significantly altered in samples with PSA 1-10 ng/ml. 24.2% and 9.7% of the patients had odds ratio <0.5 (low risk) or >2 (high risk) in the model. Assuming the overall positive rate of prostate needle biopsies to be 20%, the positive biopsy rates were 10.7% and 42.4% for the low and high genetic risk groups respectively. Our genetic risk prediction model for PC was highly reproducible, and its predictive performance was not influenced by PSA. The model could have a potential to affect clinical decision when it is applied to patients with gray-zone PSA, which should be confirmed in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusuke Akamatsu
- Laboratory for Biomarker Development, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Takata
- Laboratory for Biomarker Development, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Morizono
- Laboratory for Medical Informatics, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
- Laboratory for Medical Informatics, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Peggy Wan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gary K. Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Centre, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Laurence N. Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Centre, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tomoaki Fujioka
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Biomarker Development, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Diagnostic Significance of Overexpression of Golgi Membrane Protein 1 in Prostate Cancer. Urology 2012; 80:952.e1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Miyake H, Fujisawa M. Prognostic prediction following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer using conventional as well as molecular biological approaches. Int J Urol 2012; 20:301-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Miyake
- Division of Urology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe; Japan
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- Division of Urology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe; Japan
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Healy NA, Heneghan HM, Miller N, Osborne CK, Schiff R, Kerin MJ. Systemic mirnas as potential biomarkers for malignancy. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:2215-22. [PMID: 22618667 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MiRNAs are a class of short, endogenous, single-stranded RNA molecules that play a role in the regulation of gene expression. They have been shown to modulate a number of cellular processes including cell differentiation, growth and apoptosis and as a result have been implicated in carcinogenesis. They are detectable in tumour tissue, and altered expression levels have been identified in various cancer types. Of interest, miRNAs have recently been detected and identified to be dysregulated in the circulation of patients with breast cancer. The fact that a minimally invasive test can distinguish the presence or absence of disease illustrates the immense potential these molecules hold as predictive markers. This review serves to identify those systemic miRNAs that are upregulated or downregulated in malignancy and how treatment impacts on their circulating levels. In addition, this review questions the source of these small molecules in the bloodstream and how they may possibly play a role in the future detection of cancer as either prognostic or predictive markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Healy
- Discipline of Surgery, National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland.
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48
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Massoner P, Lueking A, Goehler H, Höpfner A, Kowald A, Kugler KG, Amersdorfer P, Horninger W, Bartsch G, Schulz-Knappe P, Klocker H. Serum-autoantibodies for discovery of prostate cancer specific biomarkers. Prostate 2012; 72:427-36. [PMID: 22012634 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The currently used prostate cancer serum marker has a low cancer specificity and improved diagnostics are needed. Here we evaluated whether autoantibodies are present in sera of prostate cancer patients and whether they are useful diagnostic markers for prostate cancer. METHODS Sera from 20 prostate cancer patients and 20 healthy controls were incubated on expression clone arrays containing more than 37,000 recombinant human proteins. Functional annotation clustering of the identified autoantigens was performed using the DAVID database. Autoantigens identified in the prostate cancer group were validated on microarrays using sera of 40 prostate cancer patients, 40 patients with elevated PSA levels but prostate cancer negative biopsies (benign disease), and 40 healthy controls. RESULTS We detected autoantibodies against 408 different antigens in sera of prostate cancer patients. One hundred seventy-four of these were exclusively detected in the cancer group compared to the healthy control group. Functional annotation clustering revealed an enrichment of RNA-associated, cytoskeleton, and nuclear proteins. The autoantibody panel was validated in serum samples of independent prostate cancer patients. Autoantibody profiles discriminated between prostate cancer patients and benign disease patients with an ROC curve AUC of 0.71. TTLL12, a protein recently described to be over-expressed in prostate cancer, was the highest ranked discrimination autoantigen. CONCLUSION A variety of autoantibodies were identified in sera of prostate cancer patients and provide a first step towards autoantibody diagnostics. Serum autoantibodies reflect the disease and represent valuable tools not only for prostate cancer, but also for other diseases affecting the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Massoner
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Saad F, Pantel K. The current role of circulating tumor cells in the diagnosis and management of bone metastases in advanced prostate cancer. Future Oncol 2012; 8:321-31. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been used for over two decades as a serum marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Although PSA screening remains an important part of disease screening and monitoring in early prostate cancer (PC), its utility in monitoring disease progression in advanced PC is undetermined. Furthermore, the role of PSA monitoring in the management of patients with PC and bone metastases appears limited. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as potential novel biomarkers in advanced PC. We present a review of CTC testing and the clinical data supporting the prognostic potential of CTCs in this setting. We propose that combination of CTCs and PSA velocity or doubling-time assessments may offer insights into the prognosis and management of advanced PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Saad
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Quebéc H2L 2W5, Canada
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Liu T, Hossain M, Schepmoes AA, Fillmore TL, Sokoll LJ, Kronewitter SR, Izmirlian G, Shi T, Qian WJ, Leach RJ, Thompson IM, Chan DW, Smith RD, Kagan J, Srivastava S, Rodland KD, Camp DG. Analysis of serum total and free PSA using immunoaffinity depletion coupled to SRM: correlation with clinical immunoassay tests. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4747-57. [PMID: 22846433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (SRM-MS) has been more frequently applied to measure low abundance biomarker candidates in tissues and biofluids, owing to its high sensitivity and specificity, simplicity of assay configuration, and exceptional multiplexing capability. In this study, we report for the first time the development of immunoaffinity depletion-based workflows and SRM-MS assays that enable sensitive and accurate quantification of total and free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum without the requirement for specific PSA antibodies. Low ng/mL level detection of both total and free PSA was consistently achieved in both PSA-spiked female serum samples and actual patient serum samples. Moreover, comparison of the results obtained when SRM PSA assays and conventional immunoassays were applied to the same samples showed good correlation in several independent clinical serum sample sets. These results demonstrate that the workflows and SRM assays developed here provide an attractive alternative for reliably measuring candidate biomarkers in human blood, without the need to develop affinity reagents. Furthermore, the simultaneous measurement of multiple biomarkers, including the free and bound forms of PSA, can be performed in a single multiplexed analysis using high-resolution liquid chromatographic separation coupled with SRM-MS. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translational Proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, United States
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