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Ooi SL, Micalos PS, Kim J, Pak SC. Rice bran arabinoxylan compound as a natural product for cancer treatment - an evidence-based assessment of the effects and mechanisms. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:367-393. [PMID: 38745507 PMCID: PMC11097709 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2349042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is a natural immunomodulator with anticancer properties. OBJECTIVE This study critically evaluates the available evidence on the biological pathways of RBAC and its effects on cancer treatment. METHODS This secondary analysis of a scoping review includes studies evaluating the mechanisms of RBAC on healthy or malignant cells, animal models, or humans for cancer prevention or treatment. Data from randomized controlled trials on survival and quality of life outcomes were subjectd to meta analysis. RESULTS The evidence synthesis was based on 38 articles. RBAC exhibited antitumor properties by promoting apoptosis and restoring immune function in cancer patients to enhance inflammatory and cytotoxic responses to block tumorigenesis. RBAC works synergistically with chemotherapeutic agents by upregulating drug transport. In a clinical trial, combining RBAC with chemoembolization in treating liver cancer showed improved response, reduced recurrence rates, and prolonged survival. RBAC also augments the endogenous antioxidant system to prevent oxidative stress and protect against radiation side effects. In addition, RBAC has chemoprotective effects. Animals and humans have exhibited reduced toxicity and side effects from chemotherapy. Meta analysis indicates that RBAC treatment increases the survival odds by 4.02-times (95% CI: 1.67, 9.69) in the first year and 2.89-times (95% CI: 1.56, 5.35) in the second year. CONCLUSION RBAC is a natural product with immense potential in cancer treatment. Additional research is needed to characterize, quantify, and standardize the active ingredients in RBAC responsible for the anticancer effects. More well-designed, large-scale clinical trials are required to substantiate the treatment efficacies further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Liang Ooi
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst,Australia
| | - Peter S. Micalos
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, Australia
| | - Jeanman Kim
- STR Biotech Co. Ltd, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst,Australia
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2
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Liu T, Asif IM, Bai C, Huang Y, Li B, Wang L. The effectiveness and safety of natural food and food-derived extract supplements for treating functional gastrointestinal disorders-current perspectives. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae047. [PMID: 38908001 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) were highly prevalent and involve gastrointestinal discomfort characterized by non-organic abnormalities in the morphology and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. According to the Rome IV criteria, irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia are the most common FGIDs. Complementary and alternative medicines are employed by increasing numbers of individuals around the world, and they include herbal and dietary supplements, acupuncture, and hypnosis. Of these, herbal and dietary supplements seem to have the greatest potential for relieving FGIDs, through multiple modes of action. However, despite the extensive application of natural extracts in alternative treatments for FGIDs, the safety and effectiveness of food and orally ingested food-derived extracts remain uncertain. Many randomized controlled trials have provided compelling evidence supporting their potential, as detailed in this review. The consumption of certain foods (eg, kiwifruit, mentha, ginger, etc) and food ingredients may contribute to the alleviation of symptoms associated with FGID,. However, it is crucial to emphasize that the short-term consumption of these components may not yield satisfactory efficacy. Physicians are advised to share both the benefits and potential risks of these alternative therapies with patients. Furthermore, larger randomized clinical trials with appropriate comparators are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ismail Muhammad Asif
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Chengmei Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yutian Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Kawakami S, Ninomiya R, Maeda Y. Improvement in Epigenetic Aging Clock Induced by BioBran Containing Rice Kefiran in Relation to Various Biomarkers: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6332. [PMID: 38928040 PMCID: PMC11203851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Many lifestyle-related diseases such as cancer, dementia, myocardial infarction, and stroke are known to be caused by aging, and the WHO's ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition) created the code "aging-related" in 2022. In other words, aging is irreversible but aging-related diseases are reversible, so taking measures to treat them is important for health longevity and preventing other diseases. Therefore, in this study, we used BioBran containing rice kefiran as an approach to improve aging. Rice kefiran has been reported to improve the intestinal microflora, regulate the intestines, and have anti-aging effects. BioBran has also been reported to have antioxidant effects and improve liver function, and human studies have shown that it affects the diversity of the intestinal microbiota. Quantitative measures of aging that correlate with disease risk are now available through the epigenetic clock test, which examines the entire gene sequence and determines biological age based on the methylation level. Horvath's Clock is the best known of many epigenetic clock tests and was published by Steve Horvath in 2013. In this study, we examine the effect of using Horvath's Clock to improve aging and report on the results, which show a certain effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawakami
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Care, Kiryu University, Midori 379-2392, Japan
| | - Ryo Ninomiya
- Research and Development Department, Daiwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo 154-0024, Japan;
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Yin D, Zhong Y, Liu H, Hu J. Lipid metabolism regulation by dietary polysaccharides with different structural properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132253. [PMID: 38744359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an important role in energy homeostasis maintenance in response to stress. Nowadays, hyperlipidemia-related chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and fatty liver pose significant health challenges. Dietary polysaccharides (DPs) have gained attention for their effective lipid-lowering properties. This review examines the multifaceted mechanisms that DPs employ to lower lipid levels in subjects with hyperlipidemia. DPs could directly inhibit lipid intake and absorption, promote lipid excretion, and regulate key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism pathways, including triglyceride and cholesterol anabolism and catabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and bile acid synthesis. Additionally, DPs indirectly improve lipid homeostasis by modulating gut microbiota composition and alleviating oxidative stress. Moreover, the lipid-lowering mechanisms of particular structural DPs (including β-glucan, pectin, glucomannan, inulin, arabinoxylan, and fucoidan) are summarized. The relationship between the structure and lipid-lowering activity of DPs is also discussed based on current researches. Finally, potential breakthroughs and future directions in the development of DPs in lipid-lowering activity are discussed. The paper could provide a reference for further exploring the mechanism of DPs for lipid regulations and utilizing DPs as lipid-lowering dietary ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yadong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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Kenawy ER, El-Moaty MSA, Ghoneum M, Soliman HMA, El-Shanshory AA, Shendy S. Biobran-loaded core/shell nanofibrous scaffold: a promising wound dressing candidate. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4930-4945. [PMID: 38327812 PMCID: PMC10848241 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08609g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This research examined the effectiveness of Biobran as a bioactive substance that could potentially improve wound healing. It also looked at how Biobran affects the properties of a nanofibrous scaffold made through coaxial electrospinning. This is the first study exploring the use of Biobran in this context and its interaction with nanofibrous scaffolds. The scaffolds were composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) in the shell and various concentrations of Biobran blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the core. The properties of the scaffolds were characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC, stress-strain test, WCA, release test, MTT cytotoxicity assay, wound scratching assay, and the dye exclusion method using trypan blue. The scaffolds loaded with Biobran exhibited a more compact and smooth morphology compared with the scaffold without Biobran. The physical interaction and crystallinity of the polymers in the scaffolds were also affected by Biobran in a concentration-dependent manner. This positively influenced their tensile strength, elongation at break, thermal stability, and hydrophilicity. The porosity, water uptake capacity, and WVTR of the nanofibrous scaffolds are within the optimal ranges for wound healing. The release rate of Biobran, which revealed a biphasic release pattern, decreased with increasing Biobran concentration, resulting in controlled and sustained delivery of Biobran from the nanofiber scaffolds. The cell viability assays showed a dose-dependent effect of Biobran on WISH cells, which might be attributed to the positive effect of Biobran on the physicochemical properties of the nanofibrous scaffolds. These findings suggest that Biobran-loaded core/shell nanofiber scaffolds have a potential application in wound healing as an ideal multifunctional wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Refaie Kenawy
- Polymer Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University Tanta 31527 Egypt
| | - Mohammed S A El-Moaty
- Polymer Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University Tanta 31527 Egypt
| | - Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science 1731 E. 120th Street Los Angeles CA 90059 USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Hesham M A Soliman
- Composites and Nanostructured Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City) New Borg Al-Arab Alexandria 21934 Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Shanshory
- Composites and Nanostructured Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City) New Borg Al-Arab Alexandria 21934 Egypt
| | - S Shendy
- Polymer Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University Tanta 31527 Egypt
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Noormohammadi M, Ghorbani Z, Shahinfar H, Shidfar F. Is there any hepatic impact associated with rice bran arabinoxylan compound supplementation? A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:665-675. [PMID: 37739721 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Compound (RBAC) results from an enzymatic modification of rice bran, which is reported to have immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the hepatic adverse effects of RBAC by assessing the effect through liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). METHODS In the present study, the Medline (PubMed), Web of Sciences, and Scopus databases were searched for relevant publications from the beginning to October 2022. The meta-analysis was based on the Mixed effect model to generate the mean effect sizes in weighted mean differences (WMD) and the 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Chi-squared test, and the analysis of Galbraith plots was applied. RESULTS Subgroup meta-analysis on five eligible randomized controlled trials (n = 239) showed a significant decrease in serum AST regarding RBAC supplementation in powder form (WMD (95%CI) = -3.52 (-5.62, -1.42) U/L; P-value = 0.001, I2 (%) = 46.9; P heterogeneity = 0.170), three months and more supplementation duration (WMD (95%CI) = -3.71 (-5.95, -1.48) U/L; P-value = 0.001, I2 (%) = 29.9; P heterogeneity = 0.240) and studies with a good quality (WMD (95%CI) = -3.52 (-5.62, -1.42) U/L; P-value = 0.001, I2 (%) = 46.9; P heterogeneity = 0.170). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, RBAC supplementation seems to not have any hepatic adverse effects and its supplementation as powder or for three months and more may decrease serum AST levels. However, we need further studies to confirm the results. REGISTRY NUMBER FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS OR META-ANALYZES CRD42022361002, registration time: 29/09/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morvarid Noormohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Ghorbani
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Hossein Shahinfar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Ooi SL, Micalos PS, Pak SC. Modified rice bran arabinoxylan as a nutraceutical in health and disease-A scoping review with bibliometric analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290314. [PMID: 37651416 PMCID: PMC10470915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is a polysaccharide modified by Lentinus edodes mycelial enzyme widely used as a nutraceutical. To explore translational research on RBAC, a scoping review was conducted to synthesise research evidence from English (MEDLINE, ProQuest, CENTRAL, Emcare, CINAHL+, Web of Science), Japanese (CiNii, J-Stage), Korean (KCI, RISS, ScienceON), and Chinese (CNKI, Wanfang) sources while combining bibliometrics and network analyses for data visualisation. Searches were conducted between September and October 2022. Ninety-eight articles on RBAC and the biological activities related to human health or disease were included. Research progressed with linear growth (median = 3/year) from 1998 to 2022, predominantly on Biobran MGN-3 (86.73%) and contributed by 289 authors from 100 institutions across 18 countries. Clinical studies constitute 61.1% of recent articles (2018 to 2022). Over 50% of the research was from the USA (29/98, 29.59%) and Japan (22/98, 22.45%). A shifting focus from immuno-cellular activities to human translations over the years was shown via keyword visualisation. Beneficial effects of RBAC include immunomodulation, synergistic anticancer properties, hepatoprotection, antiinflammation, and antioxidation. As an oral supplement taken as an adjuvant during chemoradiotherapy, cancer patients reported reduced side effects and improved quality of life in human studies, indicating RBAC's impact on the psycho-neuro-immune axis. RBAC has been studied in 17 conditions, including cancer, liver diseases, HIV, allergy, chronic fatigue, gastroenteritis, cold/flu, diabetes, and in healthy participants. Further translational research on the impact on patient and community health is required for the evidence-informed use of RBAC in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Liang Ooi
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter S. Micalos
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales Australia
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
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Ooi SL, Micalos PS, Pak SC. Modified Rice Bran Arabinoxylan by Lentinus edodes Mycelial Enzyme as an Immunoceutical for Health and Aging-A Comprehensive Literature Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6313. [PMID: 37687141 PMCID: PMC10488663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is derived from defatted rice bran enzymatically treated with Lentinus edodes mycelium. This review explores biologically active compounds and mechanisms of action that support RBAC as an immunomodulating nutraceutical in generally healthy and/or aging individuals. Thirty-seven (n = 37) primary research articles fulfilled the selection criteria for review. Most research is based on Biobran MGN-3, which consists of complex heteropolysaccharides with arabinoxylan as its primary structure while also containing galactan and glucan. RBAC was found to invoke immunological activities through direct absorption via the digestive tract and interaction with immune cells at the Peyer's patches. RBAC was shown to promote innate defence by upregulating macrophage phagocytosis and enhancing natural killer cell activity while lowering oxidative stress. Through induction of dendritic cell maturation, RBAC also augments adaptive immunity by promoting T and B lymphocyte proliferation. RBAC acts as an immunomodulator by inhibiting mast cell degranulation during allergic reactions, attenuating inflammation, and downregulating angiogenesis by modulating cytokines and growth factors. RBAC has been shown to be a safe and effective nutraceutical for improving immune health, notably in aging individuals with reduced immune function. Human clinical trials with geriatric participants have demonstrated RBAC to have prophylactic benefits against viral infection and may improve their quality of life. Further research should explore RBAC's bioavailability, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of the complex heteropolysaccharides within. Translational research to assess RBAC as a nutraceutical for the aging population is still required, particularly in human studies with larger sample sizes and cohort studies with long follow-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Liang Ooi
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia;
| | - Peter S. Micalos
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia;
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia;
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Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Chan LC. Rice Bran: From Waste to Nutritious Food Ingredients. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112503. [PMID: 37299466 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a principal food for more than half of the world's people. Rice is predominantly consumed as white rice, a refined grain that is produced during the rice milling process which removes the bran and germ and leaves the starchy endosperm. Rice bran is a by-product produced from the rice milling process, which contains many bioactive compounds, for instance, phenolic compounds, tocotrienols, tocopherols, and γ-oryzanol. These bioactive compounds are thought to protect against cancer, vascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Extraction of rice bran oil also generates various by-products including rice bran wax, defatted rice bran, filtered cake, and rice acid oil, and some of them exert bioactive substances that could be utilized as functional food ingredients. However, rice bran is often utilized as animal feed or discarded as waste. Therefore, this review aimed to discuss the role of rice bran in metabolic ailments. The bioactive constituents and food product application of rice bran were also highlighted in this study. Collectively, a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism and the role of these bioactive compounds exerted in the rice bran would provide a useful approach for the food industry and prevent metabolic ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ling Tan
- Department of Healthcare Professional, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Seksyen 13, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Esa Norhaizan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lee Chin Chan
- Biovalence Sdn. Bhd., 22, Jalan SS25/34, Taman Mayang, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Manjunath M, Swaroop S, Pradhan SS, Rao K R, Mahadeva R, Sivaramakrishnan V, Choudhary B. Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolomic Analysis Reveal Anti-Angiogenic Properties of Disarib, a Novel Bcl2-Specific Inhibitor. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071208. [PMID: 35885991 PMCID: PMC9316176 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomic profiling of several drugs in cancer cell lines has been utilised to obtain drug-specific signatures and guided combination therapy to combat drug resistance and toxicity. Global metabolomics reflects changes due to altered activity of enzymes, environmental factors, etc. Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics can provide genotype-phenotype correlation, providing meaningful insights into alterations in gene expression and its outcome to understand differential metabolism and guide therapy. This study uses a multi-omics approach to understand the global gene expression and metabolite changes induced by Disarib, a novel Bcl2-specific inhibitor in the Ehrlich adenocarcinoma (EAC) breast cancer mouse model. RNAseq analysis was performed on EAC mouse tumours treated with Disarib and compared to the controls. The expression of 6 oncogenes and 101 tumour suppressor genes interacting with Bcl2 and Bak were modulated upon Disarib treatment. Cancer hallmark pathways like DNA repair, Cell cycle, angiogenesis, and mitochondrial metabolism were downregulated, and programmed cell death platelet-related pathways were upregulated. Global metabolomic profiling using LC-MS revealed that Oncometabolites like carnitine, oleic acid, glycine, and arginine were elevated in tumour mice compared to normal and were downregulated upon Disarib treatment. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles identified arginine metabolism, histidine, and purine metabolism to be altered upon Disarib treatment. Pro-angiogenic metabolites, arginine, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and myristoleic acid were downregulated in Disarib-treated mice. We further validated the effect of Disarib on angiogenesis by qRT-PCR analysis of genes in the VEGF pathway. Disarib treatment led to the downregulation of pro-angiogenic markers. Furthermore, the chorioallantoic membrane assay displayed a reduction in the formation of the number of secondary blood vessels upon Disarib treatment. Disarib reduces tumours by reducing oncometabolite and activating apoptosis and downregulating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Manjunath
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru 560100, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (R.R.K.); (R.M.)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sai Swaroop
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur 515001, Andhra Pradesh, India; (S.S.); (S.S.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Sai Sanwid Pradhan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur 515001, Andhra Pradesh, India; (S.S.); (S.S.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Raksha Rao K
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru 560100, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (R.R.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Raghunandan Mahadeva
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru 560100, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (R.R.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur 515001, Andhra Pradesh, India; (S.S.); (S.S.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru 560100, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (R.R.K.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Cancer Treatment by Laser and Electrochemical Therapy Combined with Magnetic Nanoparticles as Potent Therapy Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-00983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mahmoud M, Abdollah MRA, Elsesy ME, Abou El Ella DA, Zada SK, Tolba MF. The natural isoflavone Biochanin-A synergizes 5-fluorouracil anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo in Ehrlich solid-phase carcinoma model. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1310-1325. [PMID: 35112408 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isoflavones are considered one of the most extensively studied plant-derived phytoestrogenic compounds. Of these, Biochanin A (Bio-A), a natural isoflavone abundant in cabbage, alfalfa, and red clover, has drawn a lot of attention. As reported in multiple studies, Bio-A possesses a promising anticancer activity against estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. The current study investigated the working hypothesis that Bio-A could synergistically enhance the potency of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in ER+ breast cancer. The hypothesis was tested both in vitro on hormone receptor-positive (MCF-7) and triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231). Additionally, in vivo studies were performed in the Ehrlich solid-phase carcinoma mouse model. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies revealed that Bio-A synergistically increased the potency of 5-FU in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cell lines. The synergistic effect of 5-FU/Bio-A combination was verified in vivo. The combination therapy (where 5-FU was used at one fourth its full dose) led to a significant 75% reduction in tumor volume after two treatment cycles. This was in addition to producing a significant 2.1-fold increase in tumor necrosis area% compared to mock-treated control. In conclusion, the current study presents the first preclinical evidence for the potential merit of 5-FU/Bio-A combination for the treatment of ER+ breast cancer. The synergistic antitumor effect of Bio-A/ 5-FU combination can be, at least partly, attributed to Bio-A-mediated suppression of ER-α/Akt axis and the augmentation of 5-FU-mediated proapoptotic effects. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha R A Abdollah
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt.,The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Elsesy
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dalal A Abou El Ella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Suher K Zada
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, the American University in Cairo (AUC), New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai F Tolba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,School of Life and Medical Sciences, The University of Hertfordshire-hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Egypt
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13
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He HJ, Qiao J, Liu Y, Guo Q, Ou X, Wang X. Isolation, Structural, Functional, and Bioactive Properties of Cereal Arabinoxylan─A Critical Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15437-15457. [PMID: 34842436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Arabinoxylans (AXs) are widely distributed in various cereal grains, such as wheat, corn, rye, barley, rice, and oat. The AX molecule contains a linear (1,4)-β-D-xylp backbone substituted by α-L-araf units and occasionally t-xylp and t-glcpA through α-(1,2) and/or α-(1,3) glycosidic linkages. Arabinoxylan shows diversified functional and bioactive properties, influenced by their molecular mass, branching degree, ferulic acid (FA) content, and the substitution position and chain length of the side chains. This Review summarizes the extraction methods for various cereal sources, compares their structural features and functional/bioactive properties, and highlights the established structure-function/bioactivity relationships, intending to explore the potential functions of AXs and their industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju He
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jinli Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qingbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xingqi Ou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiaochan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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Serag WM, Zahran F, Abdelghany YM, Elshaarawy RF, Abdelhamid MS. Synthesis and molecular docking of hybrids ionic azole Schiff bases as novel CDK1 inhibitors and anti-breast cancer agents: In vitro and in vivo study. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The ponatinib/gossypol novel combination provides enhanced anticancer activity against murine solid Ehrlich carcinoma via triggering apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation/angiogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 432:115767. [PMID: 34699866 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The search for new antitumor agents or combinations that are more effective and, hopefully, provide fewer health hazards is ongoing. Therefore, this study investigated the efficacy of a novel combination of ponatinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and the natural phytochemical gossypol against murine solid Ehrlich carcinoma. Six groups of ten mice each received vehicle (I), ponatinib in doses of 10 and 15 mg/kg (II, III) respectively, gossypol in a dose of 4 mg/kg (IV), and ponatinib (10 or 15 mg/kg) in combination with gossypol (4 mg/kg; V, VI). All treatments started on the 12th post-Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) implantation day and were administered intraperitoneally in daily doses for 3 weeks. Treatment of EAC-bearing mice with ponatinib/gossypol combination improved anticancer efficacy over either drug alone, as demonstrated by greater decreases in tumor weight and volume, and ponatinib (10 mg/kg)/gossypol combination was more efficient than ponatinib (15 mg/kg). Mechanistically, the ponatinib/gossypol combination significantly increased apoptotic markers p53, Bax, and caspase-9 while decreasing anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. Furthermore, it greatly decreased proliferative and angiogenic markers, FGFR4 and VEGF, respectively. Histopathology revealed a significant decline in neoplastic cells, the majority of which have necrotic changes and numerous apoptotic bodies, as well as a decrease in mitotic figures and tumor giant cells, indicating the capacity to suppress cancer proliferation/persistence. Overall, gossypol could be used as an adjuvant medication for ponatinib in cancer treatment, possibly leading to successful dose reductions and fewer side effects; however, further research is needed before a clinical application could be feasible.
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Srivastava M, Maurya P, Jyotshna, Shanker K. Clerodendrum viscosum: a critical review on phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality assurance, and safety data. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Teaima MH, Badawi NM, Attia DA, El-Nabarawi MA, Elmazar MM, Mousa SA. Efficacy of pomegranate extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles transdermal emulgel against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 39:102466. [PMID: 34587542 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to incorporate an optimized pomegranate extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PE-SLNs) formula in a transdermal emulgel to evaluate its anticancer effect. The prepared emulgel formulae were evaluated for their physicochemical properties. An ex vivo permeation study was done through mouse skin and the kinetic parameters were determined. Kinetic data showed that the ex vivo permeation of PE from SLNs transdermal emulgel through mouse skin followed non-Fickian diffusion transport. Further, in vivo study was done by applying the optimized PE-SLNs transdermal emulgel on mice skin bearing a solid form of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) as well as free PE, control, placebo, and standard groups for comparison. In addition, histopathological examinations of the samples obtained from the EAC mice model were performed. The results proved that application of the selected PE-SLNs emulgel formulation on the mice skin bearing solid tumor revealed statistically significant anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha M Badawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mohey M Elmazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
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The Health-Promoting Properties and Clinical Applications of Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Modified with Shiitake Mushroom Enzyme-A Narrative Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092539. [PMID: 33925340 PMCID: PMC8123671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is derived from defatted rice bran hydrolyzed with Lentinus edodes mycelial enzyme. It has been marketed as a functional food and a nutraceutical with health-promoting properties. Some research has demonstrated this rice bran derivative to be a potent immunomodulator, which also possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-angiogenic properties. To date, research on RBAC has predominantly focused on its immunomodulatory action and application as a complementary therapy for cancer. Nonetheless, the clinical applications of RBAC can extend beyond cancer therapy. This article is a narrative review of the research on the potential benefits of RBAC for cancer and other health conditions based on the available literature. RBAC research has shown it to be useful as a complementary treatment for cancer and human immunodeficiency virus infection. It can positively modulate serum glucose, lipid and protein metabolism in diabetic patients. Additionally, RBAC has been shown to ameliorate irritable bowel syndrome and protect against liver injury caused by hepatitis or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It can potentially ease symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome and prevent the common cold. RBAC is safe to consume and has no known side effects at the typical dosage of 2–3 g/day. Nevertheless, further research in both basic studies and human clinical trials are required to investigate the clinical applications, mechanisms, and effects of RBAC.
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Protective Effect of Biobran/MGN-3 against Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model: Possible Role of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotic Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8845064. [PMID: 33574982 PMCID: PMC7857904 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8845064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating and irreversible brain disease that affects an increasing number of aged individuals, mandating the development of protective nutraceuticals. Biobran/MGN-3, an arabinoxylan from rice bran, has potent antioxidant, antiaging, and immunomodulatory effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of Biobran against sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD). SAD was induced in mice via intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (3 mg/kg). STZ-treated mice were administered with Biobran for 21 days. The effects of Biobran on memory and learning were measured via the Morris water maze, novel object recognition, and Y-maze tests. Biomarkers for apoptosis, oxidative stress, and amyloidogenesis were measured using ELISA and western blot analysis. Histopathological examination was performed to confirm neuronal damage and amyloid-beta deposition. Biobran reversed the spatial memory deficit in SAD-induced mice, and it increased the expression of glutathione, reduced malondialdehyde, decreased IL-6, decreased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and significantly increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant response element (ARE). Moreover, Biobran exerted a protective effect against amyloid-beta-induced apoptosis via the suppression of both cleaved caspase-3 and the proapoptotic protein Bax and via the upregulation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Furthermore, it reduced the expression of forkhead box class O proteins. It could be concluded from this study that Biobran may be a useful nutritional antioxidant agent for protection against SAD through its activation of the gene expression of Nrf2/ARE, which in turn modulates the apoptotic and amyloidogenic pathways.
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Saeed F, Hussain M, Arshad MS, Afzaal M, Munir H, Imran M, Tufail T, Anjum FM. Functional and nutraceutical properties of maize bran cell wall non-starch polysaccharides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1858864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Munir
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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21
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Badr El-Din NK, Ali DA, Othman R, French SW, Ghoneum M. Chemopreventive role of arabinoxylan rice bran, MGN-3/Biobran, on liver carcinogenesis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110064. [PMID: 32278271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world and one of the most lethal. MGN-3/Biobran is a natural product derived from rice bran hemicelluloses and has been reported to possess a potent anticancer effect in a clinical study of patients with HCC. The current study examines the mechanisms by which Biobran protects against chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. The chemical carcinogen used in this study is N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) plus carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Rats were treated with this carcinogen, and the animals were pretreated or posttreated with Biobran via intraperitoneal injections until the end of the experiment. Treatment with Biobran resulted in: 1) significant alleviation of liver preneoplastic lesions towards normal hepatocellular architecture in association with inhibition of collagen fiber deposition; 2) arrest of cancer cells in the sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle; 3) increased DNA fragmentation in cancer cells; 4) down-regulated expression of Bcl-2 and up-regulated expression of p53, Bax, and caspase-3; and 5) protection against carcinogen-induced suppression of IkappaB-alpha (IκB-α) mRNA expression and inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB/p65) expression. Additionally, the effect of Biobran treatment was found to be more significant when supplemented prior to carcinogen-induced hepatocarcinogenesis as compared to posttreatment. We conclude that Biobran inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis in rats by mechanisms that include induction of apoptosis, inhibition of inflammation, and suppression of cancer cell proliferation. Biobran may be a promising chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent for liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doaa A Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Reem Othman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
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Ibrahim HM, Mohamed AH, Salem ML, Osman GY, Morsi DS. Anti-neoplastic and immunomodulatory potency of co-treatment based on bovine lactoferrin and/or muramyl dipeptide in tumor-bearing mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:137-147. [PMID: 32440345 PMCID: PMC7233322 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigates anti-neoplastic and immunomodulatory activities of co-treatment based on bovine lactoferrin (bLF) and/or muramyl dipeptide (MDP) with or without cisplatin (Cis) in tumor-bearing mice. In the present study, bLF (100 mg/kg; orally) and MDP (0.5 mg/kg; subcutaneously) was administered alone or together. MDP or bLF was co-treated with Cis (1 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) in mice-bearing Ehrlich solid carcinoma. Tumor size, tumor mass proliferation, apoptosis using immunohistochemistry, the alteration in spleen cell proliferation, phenotype using flow cytometry and white blood cells total and differential counts were detected. Treatment with Cis or (bLF and MDP) significantly reduced tumor size, upregulated the pro-apoptotic p53 expression and downregulated the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and proliferative marker PCNA expression compared to non-treated tumor-bearing animals. Moreover, co-treatment of MDP and Cis significantly potentiated the reduction of the tumor size, downregulated the Bcl-2 and PCNA expression and upregulated the p53 expression compared to Cis-treated animals. While bLF and Cis co-treatment positively controlled PCNA and p53 expression compared to tumor-bearing animals, it significantly potentiated the reduction of the tumor size and downregulated the Bcl-2 expression compared to Cis-treated animals. Co-treatment of (bLF and MDP), (bLF and Cis) or (MDP and Cis) increased the spleen cell proliferation and altered the immunological profile of the CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD4+CD69+, CD3+CD8+CD69+ and CD11b+Ly6G+ cells to achieve better immune response against tumor. In conclusion, co-treatments based on bLF and/or MDP are promising therapies against cancer, through their potency to control proliferation, enhance apoptosis and improve the immune status against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M Ibrahim
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Azza H Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed L Salem
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Gamalat Y Osman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Dalia S Morsi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom 32511, Egypt
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Mohamed AS. Echinochrome Exhibits Antitumor Activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Swiss Albino Mice. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:124-132. [PMID: 32151164 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1737152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: Echinochrome (Ech) is a common pigment present in sea urchins, which has antioxidant, antimicrobial, antialgal, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activities.Purpose: The present investigation assessed the anticancer and antioxidant activities of Ech against the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma tumor model in mice.Methods: Forty female mice were divided into four groups (n = 10). All groups except the group I received EAC cells (5 × 106 cells/mouse i.p.). Group I, served as saline control (5 ml/kg 0.9% NaCl w/v p.o); group II served as EAC; groups III and IV received Ech (1 mg/kg body weight i.p.), and reference drug (5-Fu, 20 mg/kg body weight i.p.) respectively. Tumor markers, hematological parameters, liver functions, kidney functions and oxidative stress markers were analyzed in the present study.Results: A significant decrease (p < 0.05) were detected in the tumor volume, tumor cell counts, tumor cells viability, WBC count, MDA, urea, uric acid, AST, ALT, and ALP levels in Ech-treated mice. Furthermore, Ech-treated mice showed significant increases in RBCs count, Hb, Pt, GSH, CAT, and GST levels.Conclusion: The study results revealed that echinochrome suppresses tumor growth, decreases lipid peroxidation and improves the antioxidant status.
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Zhao Z, Cheng W, Qu W, Wang K. Arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3/Biobran) alleviates radiation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction of mice in a mitochondrion-dependent manner. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109855. [PMID: 31986410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MGN-3 is an arabinoxylan from rice bran that has been shown to be an excellent antioxidant and radioprotector. This study examined the protective effects of MGN-3 on radiation-induced intestinal injury. Mice were treated with MGN-3 prior to irradiation, then continued to receive MGN-3 for 4 weeks thereafter. MGN-3 increased the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ, the intercellular ATP content, the mitochondria-encoded gene expression and mitochondrial copy numbers in the jejunal and colonic mucosa. MGN-3 reduced the oxidative stress levels and inflammatory response indicators in the serum and jejunal and colonic mucosa. Antioxidant indicators such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity were significantly increased in the serum and jejunal and colonic mucosa in the MGN-3 group. Moreover, MGN-3 decreased the gene abundances and enzymatic activities of caspase-3, 8, 9 and 10 in the jejunal and colonic mucosa. The endotoxin, diamine peroxidase, d-lactate and zonulin levels were significantly reduced in the serum and jejunal and colonic mucosa in the MGN-3 group. MGN-3 also markedly upregulated the gene abundances of ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1 and mucin 2. MGN-3 effectively attenuated radiation-induced changes in the intestinal epithelial mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, intestinal permeability and barrier function in mice. These findings add to our understanding of the potential mechanisms by which MGN-3 alleviates radioactive intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, China.
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Badr El-Din NK, Areida SK, Ahmed KO, Ghoneum M. Arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3/Biobran) enhances radiotherapy in animals bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma†. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2019; 60:747-758. [PMID: 31504707 PMCID: PMC6873627 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the ability of arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3/Biobran) to enhance the anti-cancer effects of fractionated X-ray irradiation of Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice. Swiss albino mice bearing tumors were exposed to the following: (i) Biobran treatment (40 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal injections) beginning on day 11 post-tumor cell inoculation until day 30; (ii) ionizing radiation (Rad) 2 Gy at three consecutive doses on days 12, 14 and 16; or (iii) Biobran + Rad. Final tumor weight was suppressed by 46% for Biobran, 31% for Rad and 57% for the combined treatment (Biobran + Rad) relative to control untreated mice. Biobran and Rad also arrested the hypodiploid cells in the sub-G1-phase, signifying apoptosis by +102% and +85%, respectively, while the combined treatment induced apoptosis by +123%, with similar results in the degree of DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, Biobran + Rad upregulated the relative gene expression and protein level of p53 and Bax in tumor cells, down-regulated Bcl-2 expression, and increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 activity, with the combined treatment greater than for either treatment alone. Additionally, the combined treatment modulated the decrease in body weight, the increase in liver and spleen weight, and the elevation of liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase to be within normal values. We conclude that Biobran enhances radiation therapy-induced tumor regression by potentiating apoptosis and minimizing toxicities related to radiation therapy, suggesting that Biobran may be useful in human cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and warranting clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Said K Areida
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Elsaid AF, Fahmi RM, Shaheen M, Ghoneum M. The enhancing effects of Biobran/MGN-3, an arabinoxylan rice bran, on healthy old adults' health-related quality of life: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Qual Life Res 2019; 29:357-367. [PMID: 31489525 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The world's older population is growing rapidly and the need to find measures to combat age-associated decline of physical, mental, and cognitive functions and improve their health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is escalating. Biobran/MGN-3, an arabinoxylan rice bran, has been previously reported to improve the quality of life in cancer patients. The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of a low dose of Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation on the HRQOL in a healthy older adult population. METHODS Sixty apparently healthy subjects, 40 males and 20 females, over 56 years old were recruited and blindly randomized into two group receiving either placebo or Biobran/MGN-3 (250 mg/day for 3 months). Participants did not take any vitamins or medications during the study and their health was closely monitored. HRQOL was assessed at the initiation and termination of the study using the previously validated Arabic version of SF-12v2 questionnaire. RESULTS For all measured HRQOL domains, there was no statistically significant difference in baseline scores between the two groups. Compared to baseline values and placebo-treated subjects, Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation significantly enhanced the levels of physical and mental component summary scores as well as role-physical, bodily pain, vitality, and social functioning subdomain scores. CONCLUSION These results show that Biobran/MGN-3 is a promising psychoneuroimmune modulatory agent that could improve the HRQOL in healthy old adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Elsaid
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Al Sharqia, Egypt
| | - R M Fahmi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Al Sharqia, Egypt
| | - M Shaheen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1621 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - M Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1621 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA.
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Yu Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Sun B. The anti-cancer activity and potential clinical application of rice bran extracts and fermentation products. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18060-18069. [PMID: 35520585 PMCID: PMC9064785 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02439e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice bran is the main by-product of rice processing and contains approximately 64% of the nutrients in rice. Its various nutrient elements include rice bran proteins, oil, oryzanol, vitamins, polysaccharides, etc. The use of fermented technology can increase the content of bioactive peptides, promote the absorption efficiency, and further improve the functionality and added value of rice bran. In recent years, the nutritional value and function of the extracts and fermented products of rice bran have been emphatically studied. Rice bran extracts and fermentation products serve a critical role in the anti-inflammatory reaction, reducing the plasma lipid effect and increasing anti-cancer activity. Moreover, few review studies have been reported on the anti-cancer activity and potential mechanism of action of rice bran extract and its fermentation products. In this review, we focused on the anti-cancer function, mechanisms, and potential clinical usage of rice bran extracts and fermentation products in the adjuvant therapy of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Baogao Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University Beijing 100048 China
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Ali DA, Badr El-Din NK, Abou-El-magd RF. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of grape seeds and skin against Ehrlich solid tumor induced oxidative stress in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A. Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Rania F. Abou-El-magd
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazan University, Gazan, Saudi Arabia
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Abdel‐Mohsen MA, Toson EA, Helal MA. Oncostatic treatment effect of triple negative breast cancer cell line with copper (I)‐nicotinate complex. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4278-4290. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abdel‐Mohsen
- Department of Applied Medical Chemistry Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Elshahat A. Toson
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Damietta University Damietta Egypt
| | - Marihan A. Helal
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Damietta University Damietta Egypt
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Mendez-Encinas MA, Carvajal-Millan E, Rascon-Chu A, Astiazaran-Garcia HF, Valencia-Rivera DE. Ferulated Arabinoxylans and Their Gels: Functional Properties and Potential Application as Antioxidant and Anticancer Agent. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2314759. [PMID: 30186541 PMCID: PMC6116397 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2314759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, biomedical research has focused its efforts in the development of new oral delivery systems for the treatment of different diseases. Ferulated arabinoxylans are polysaccharides from cereals that have been gaining attention in the pharmaceutical field due to their prebiotic, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. The antioxidant and anticancer properties of these polysaccharides make them attractive compounds for the treatment of cancer, particularly colon cancer. In addition, ferulated arabinoxylans can form covalent gels through the cross-linking of their ferulic acids. Due to their particular characteristics, ferulated arabinoxylan gels represent an excellent alternative as colon-targeted drug delivery systems. The aim of the present work is to review the physicochemical and functional properties of ferulated arabinoxylans and their gels and to present the future perspectives for potential application as antioxidant and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Alejandra Mendez-Encinas
- Biopolymers, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, 83304 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Carvajal-Millan
- Biopolymers, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, 83304 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico
| | - Agustín Rascon-Chu
- Biotechnology, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, 83304 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico
| | | | - Dora Edith Valencia-Rivera
- Department of Chemical Biological and Agropecuary Sciences, University of Sonora, Avenida Universidad e Irigoyen, 83621 Caborca, SON, Mexico
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Corso CR, Acco A. Glutathione system in animal model of solid tumors: From regulation to therapeutic target. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 128:43-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Kaplum V, Ramos AC, Consolaro MEL, Fernandez MA, Ueda-Nakamura T, Dias-Filho BP, Silva SDO, de Mello JCP, Nakamura CV. Proanthocyanidin Polymer-Rich Fraction of Stryphnodendron adstringens Promotes in Vitro and in Vivo Cancer Cell Death via Oxidative Stress. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:694. [PMID: 30018550 PMCID: PMC6037718 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer that affects women, mainly through human papilloma virus (HPV) infection with high-risk HPV16 and HPV18. The present study investigated the in vitro anticancer activity and mechanism of action of a proanthocyanidin polymer-rich fraction of Stryphnodendron adstringens (F2) in cervical cancer cell lines, including HeLa (HPV18-positive), SiHa (HPV16-positive), and C33A (HPV-negative) cells, and also evaluated in vivo anticancer activity. In vitro, cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Cell migration was determined by the wound healing assay. The mechanism of action was investigated by performing ultrastructural analysis and evaluating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial metabolism, lipoperoxidation, BCL-2 family expression, caspase expression, and DNA and cell membrane integrity. In vivo activity was evaluated using the murine Ehrlich solid tumor model. F2 time- and dose-dependently reduced cell viability and significantly inhibited the migration of cervical cancer cells. HeLa and SiHa cells treated with F2 (IC50) exhibited intense oxidative stress (i.e., increase in ROS and decrease in antioxidant species) and mitochondrial damage (i.e., mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and a reduction of intracellular levels of adenosine triphosphate). Increases in the Bax/BCL-2 ratio and caspase 9 and caspase 3 expression, were observed, with DNA damage that was sufficient to trigger mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Cell membrane disruption was observed in C33A cells (IC50 and IC90) and HeLa and SiHa cells (IC90), indicating progress to late apoptosis/necrosis. The inhibition of ROS production by N-acetylcysteine significantly suppressed oxidative stress in all three cell lines. In vivo, F2 significantly reduced tumor volume and weight of the Ehrlich solid tumor, and significantly increased lipoperoxidation, indicating that F2 also induces oxidative stress in the in vivo model. These findings indicate that the proanthocyanidin polymer-rich fraction of S. adstringens may be a potential chemotherapeutic candidate for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kaplum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Anelise C. Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Marcia E. L. Consolaro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Fernandez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Tânia Ueda-Nakamura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Benedito P. Dias-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Sueli de Oliveira Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - João C. P. de Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Celso V. Nakamura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Ooi SL, McMullen D, Golombick T, Nut D, Pak SC. Evidence-Based Review of BioBran/MGN-3 Arabinoxylan Compound as a Complementary Therapy for Conventional Cancer Treatment. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:165-178. [PMID: 29037071 PMCID: PMC6041933 DOI: 10.1177/1534735417735379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conventional cancer treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, may not be sufficient to eradicate all malignant cells and prevent recurrence. Intensive treatment often leads to a depressed immune system, drug resistance, and toxicity, hampering the treatment outcomes. BioBran/MGN-3 Arabinoxylan is a standardized arabinoxylan concentrate which has been proposed as a plant-based immunomodulator that can restore the tumor-induced disturbance of the natural immune system, including natural killer cell activity to fight cancer, complementing conventional therapies. OBJECTIVES To comprehensively review the available evidence on the effects and efficacies of MGN-3 as a complementary therapy for conventional cancer treatment. METHODS Systematic search of journal databases and gray literature for primary studies reporting the effects of MGN-3 on cancer and cancer treatment. RESULTS Thirty full-text articles and 2 conference abstracts were included in this review. MGN-3 has been shown to possess immunomodulating anticancer effects and can work synergistically with chemotherapeutic agents, in vitro. In murine models, MGN-3 has been shown to act against carcinogenic agents, and inhibit tumor growth, either by itself or in combination with other anticancer compounds. Fourteen successful MGN-3 treated clinical cases were found. Eleven clinical studies, including 5 nonrandomized, pre-post intervention studies and 6 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were located. Reported effects include enhanced immunoprofile, reduced side effects, improved treatment outcomes; one RCT established significantly increased survival rates. There are no reports on adverse events on MGN-3. Most of the clinical trials are small studies with short duration. CONCLUSION There is sufficient evidence suggesting MGN-3 to be an effective immunomodulator that can complement conventional cancer treatment. However, more well-designed RCTs on MGN-3 are needed to strengthen the evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Liang Ooi
- Centre of Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Singapore
| | - Debbie McMullen
- Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Dipl Nut
- St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
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Zong S, Li J, Yang L, Huang Q, Ye Z, Hou G, Ye M. Synergistic antitumor effect of polysaccharide from Lachnum sp. in combination with cyclophosphamide in hepatocellular carcinoma. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 196:33-46. [PMID: 29891303 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapy with chemotherapeutics is attracting increasing attention as an important treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to its complex pathological characteristics. In this study, as a new therapy strategy, combination treatment of LEP-2a (a non-toxic polysaccharide from Lachnum sp.) with cyclophosphamide (CTX) was investigated. Results showed that combination treatment with LEP-2a and CTX processed a significantly synergistic anti-tumor effect in H22 tumor-bearing mice through Fas/FasL mediated caspase-dependent death pathway and mitochondria apoptosis pathway. Moreover, our study indicated that LEP-2a played a crucial role in enhancement of immune response, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and down-regulation of survival associated proteins. Notably, side effects induced by CTX were relieved after LEP-2a treatment. These results support the conception that LEP-2a has the potential as an ideal adjuvant agent for a more effective combination therapy with CTX against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Jinglei Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Qianli Huang
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Ziyang Ye
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Guohua Hou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China.
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Parida PK, Mahata B, Santra A, Chakraborty S, Ghosh Z, Raha S, Misra AK, Biswas K, Jana K. Inhibition of cancer progression by a novel trans-stilbene derivative through disruption of microtubule dynamics, driving G2/M arrest, and p53-dependent apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:448. [PMID: 29670107 PMCID: PMC5906627 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a trans-stilbene polyphenolic compound and its synthetic analogs are widely used bioactive molecules due to their remarkable chemo-preventive potential. Here, we have identified a novel synthetic trans-stilbene compound, Z-DAN-11 ((Z)-3-(3, 4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl) acrylonitrile) which shows remarkable efficacy in blocking tumor growth and progression both in vitro and in vivo. Z-DAN-11 inhibits proliferation of cancer cells in vitro through microtubule depolymerization that induced G2/M arrest and consequently leads to apoptotic cell death. More importantly, Z-DAN-11 shows limited cytotoxicity to normal cells as compared to cancer cells. Quite interestingly, we have found that Z-DAN-11-mediated ROS production helps in dramatic alteration in the mitochondrial redox status which critically contributes to the apoptosis. Mechanistic studies reveal that Z-DAN-11 induces the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and decreases anti-apoptotic protein expression that decisively helps in the activation of caspase 8, caspase 9, and caspase 3, leading to cleavage of PARP1 and cell death via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Moreover, Z-DAN-11-mediated apoptosis of cancer cells is through a partial p53-dependent pathway, since both HCT116 p53-/- cells as well as p53-silenced cells (siRNA) were able to block apoptosis partially but significantly. Importantly, Z-DAN-11 also imparts its anti-tumorigenic effect by inhibiting clonogenic property and anchorage-independent growth potential of cancer cells at concentrations at least 10 times lower than that required for inducing apoptosis. Finally, in vivo study with immuno-competent syngeneic mice shows Z-DAN-11 to be able to impede tumor progression without any adverse side-effects. Hence, we identified a novel, synthetic trans-stilbene derivative with anti-tumorigenic potential which might tremendously help in devising potential therapeutic strategy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravat Kumar Parida
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Barun Mahata
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Abhisek Santra
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Sohini Chakraborty
- The Bioinformatics Center, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Zhumur Ghosh
- The Bioinformatics Center, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | | | - Anup Kumar Misra
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Kaushik Biswas
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India.
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India.
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Chen H, Fu Y, Jiang X, Li D, Qin W, Zhang Q, Lin D, Liu Y, Tan C, Huang Z, Liu Y, Chen D. Arabinoxylan activates lipid catabolism and alleviates liver damage in rats induced by high-fat diet. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:253-260. [PMID: 28585327 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arabinoxylan was thought to have the potential to change lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis in human and animal. However, the effect of arabinoxylan on the liver damage induced by high-fat diet needs further exploiting. RESULTS Six-weeks-old 30 male Sprague-Dawley Rats were assigned randomly to three groups (n = 10 per group), i.e. a control diet (CON) group, a high-fat diet (HF) group and a high-fat diet supplemented with arabinoxylan (6% AX, HF-AX) group. Results showed that final body weight and liver weight were similar in CON group and HF-AX group, but higher in the HF group. In serum, the HF-AX group showed lower triglyceride concentrations than did the HF group. In liver, higher lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, total lipase, and acyl-CoA oxidase activities and lower triglyceride and cholesterol level were observed in the HF-AX group than in the HF group. For the redox homeostasis, arabinoxylan supplemented in HF increased T-SOD activity and GSH-PX activity and reduced MDA + 4-HNE level in liver and/or compared with those in the HF group. Lipid droplets and liver cell damage were observed in the HF group compared with the CON and HF-AX groups. CONCLUSION Arabinoxylan could improve lipid metabolic disorder and alleviate liver damage in rats induced by high-fat diet via activating lipid catabolism and suppressing lipid peroxidation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanfang Fu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiujuan Jiang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Qin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Derong Lin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaowen Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Cui Tan
- School of Postgraduates, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Li Y, He T, Liang R, Luo Z, Zhu Y, Yang C. Preparation and properties of multifunctional sinapic acid corn bran arabinoxylan esters. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:1279-1287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Rice bran improve probiotic viability in yoghurt and provide added antioxidative benefits. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Hypotheses on the Potential of Rice Bran Intake to Prevent Gastrointestinal Cancer through the Modulation of Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071352. [PMID: 28672811 PMCID: PMC5535845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested the potential involvement of oxidative stress in gastrointestinal cancers. In light of this, research efforts have been focused on the potential of dietary antioxidant intake to prevent gastrointestinal cancer through the modulation of oxidative stress. Rice bran, a by-product of rice milling, has been shown to contain an abundance of phytochemicals, which are dietary antioxidants. To date, a number of studies have shown the antioxidative effect of rice bran intake, and some demonstrated that such an effect may contribute to gastrointestinal cancer prevention, largely through the antioxidative properties of rice bran phytochemicals. In addition, these phytochemicals were shown to provide protection against cancer through mechanisms linked to oxidative stress, including β-catenin-mediated cell proliferation and inflammation. The present article provides an overview of current evidence for the antioxidative properties of rice bran and its phytochemicals, and for the potential of such properties in cancer prevention through the oxidative-stress-linked mechanisms mentioned above. The article also highlights the need for an evaluation of the effectiveness of rice bran dietary interventions among cancer survivors in ameliorating oxidative stress and reducing the level of gastrointestinal cancer biomarkers, thereby establishing the potential of such interventions among these individuals in the prevention of cancer recurrence.
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Scientific Evidence of Rice By-Products for Cancer Prevention: Chemopreventive Properties of Waste Products from Rice Milling on Carcinogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9017902. [PMID: 28210630 PMCID: PMC5292171 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9017902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global health concern affecting men and women worldwide. Although current chemopreventive drugs could inhibit the growth of cancer cells, they exert many adverse side effects. Dietary factor plays a crucial role in the management of cancers and has drawn the attention of researchers to be used as an option to combat this disease. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that rice and its by-products display encouraging results in the prevention of this disease. The mechanism of anticancer effect is suggested partly through potentiation of bioactive compounds like vitamin E, phytic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), γ-oryzanol, and phenolics. Nevertheless, the bioactivity of rice and its by-products is still incompletely understood. In this review, we present the findings from a preclinical study both in in vitro and in animal experiments on the promising role of rice by-products with focus on cancer prevention.
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Nie Y, Luo F, Wang L, Yang T, Shi L, Li X, Shen J, Xu W, Guo T, Lin Q. Anti-hyperlipidemic effect of rice bran polysaccharide and its potential mechanism in high-fat diet mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:4028-4041. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00654c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of the lipid-lowering effect of rice bran polysaccharides (RBP) and identification of the related genes of lipid metabolism. RBP, rice bran polysaccharide; HFD, high fat diet.
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Zhu X, Okubo A, Igari N, Ninomiya K, Egashira Y. Modified rice bran hemicellulose inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in vitro via VEGFR2 and its downstream signaling pathways. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2016; 36:45-53. [PMID: 28439487 PMCID: PMC5395424 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.16-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is implicated in diverse pathological conditions such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, atherosclerosis, and retinal neovascularization. In the present study, we investigated the effects of modified rice bran hemicellulose (MRBH), a water-soluble hemicellulose preparation from rice bran treated with shiitake enzymes, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in vitro and its mechanism. We found that MRBH significantly inhibited VEGF-induced tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) co-cultured with human dermal fibroblasts. We also observed that MRBH dose-dependently suppressed the VEGF-induced proliferation and migration of HUVECs. Furthermore, examination of the anti-angiogenic mechanism indicated that MRBH reduced not only VEGF-induced activation of VEGF receptor 2 but also of the downstream signaling proteins Akt, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. These findings suggest that MRBH has in vitro anti-angiogenic effects that are partially mediated through the inhibition of VEGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhu
- Research and Development Department, Daiwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1650-88 Okubara-cho, Ushiku-shi, Ibaraki 300-1283, Japan
| | - Aya Okubo
- Research and Development Department, Daiwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1650-88 Okubara-cho, Ushiku-shi, Ibaraki 300-1283, Japan
| | - Naoki Igari
- Research and Development Department, Daiwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1650-88 Okubara-cho, Ushiku-shi, Ibaraki 300-1283, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ninomiya
- Marketing Planning & Support, Daiwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Egashira
- Laboratory of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
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Badr El-Din NK, Abdel Fattah SM, Pan D, Tolentino L, Ghoneum M. Chemopreventive Activity of MGN-3/Biobran Against Chemical Induction of Glandular Stomach Carcinogenesis in Rats and Its Apoptotic Effect in Gastric Cancer Cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 15:NP26-NP34. [PMID: 27151588 PMCID: PMC5739167 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416642287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we investigated the chemopreventive activity of arabinoxylan rice bran, MGN-3/Biobran, against chemical induction of glandular stomach carcinogenesis in rats. Gastric cancer was induced by carcinogen methylnitronitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and rats received MNNG alone or MNNG plus Biobran (40 mg/kg body weight) for a total of 8 months. Averaged results from 2 separate readings showed that exposure to MNNG plus Biobran caused gastric dysplasia and cancer (adenocarcinoma) in 4.5/12 rats (9/24 readings, 37.5%), with 3.5/12 rats (7/24 readings, 29.2%) showing dysplasia and 1/12 rats (8.3%) developing adenocarcinoma. In contrast, in rats treated with MNNG alone, 8/10 (80%) developed dysplasia and adenocarcinoma, with 6/10 rats (60%) showing dysplasia and 2/10 rats (20%) developing adenocarcinoma. The effect of combining both agents was also associated with significant suppression of the expression of the tumor marker Ki-67 and remarkable induction in the apoptotic gastric cancer cells via mitochondrial-dependent pathway as indicated by the upregulation in p53 expression, Bax expression, downregulation in Bcl-2 expression, an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and an activation of caspase-3. In addition, Biobran treatment induced cell-cycle arrest in the subG1 phase, where the hypodiploid cell population was markedly increased. Moreover, Biobran treatment protected rats against MNNG-induced significant decrease in lymphocyte levels. We conclude that Biobran provides protection against chemical induction of glandular stomach carcinogenesis in rats and may be useful for the treatment of human patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deyu Pan
- Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Salama H, Medhat E, Shaheen M, Zekri ARN, Darwish T, Ghoneum M. Arabinoxylan rice bran (Biobran) suppresses the viremia level in patients with chronic HCV infection: A randomized trial. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 29:647-653. [PMID: 27799299 DOI: 10.1177/0394632016674954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) have severe side effects and are very expensive. There is a need to explore effective natural therapies against HCV that are less toxic and more cost-effective. In the current study, 37 chronic HCV patients were randomized into two groups and treated with either pegylated interferon (PEG IFN) plus ribavirin (n = 21) or Biobran, an arabinoxylan from rice bran (1 g/day) (n = 16). We examined viremia, liver enzymes, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels in serum, and toxicity before and three months after treatment. Both groups showed a significant and similar reduction in viral load after three months of treatment relative to the baseline viral load (P <0.05). In addition, treatment with Biobran resulted in a significant increase in the level of IFN-γ (P <0.001). Patients in the PEG IFN plus ribavirin group showed fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and easy fatigue. Patients in the Biobran group showed no side effects and reported good health. We conclude that Biobran is a potential novel therapeutic regimen that has a similar effect to PEG IFN plus ribavirin and is safe and cost-effective in the treatment of chronic HCV. Our finding of Biobran's efficacy against HCV infection warrants further investigation in multiple clinical trials (Clinical Trials Registration: NCT02690103).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosny Salama
- Tropical Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Medhat
- Tropical Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magda Shaheen
- Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Tarneem Darwish
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Department of Otolaryngology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Thomas E, Gopalakrishnan V, Hegde M, Kumar S, Karki SS, Raghavan SC, Choudhary B. A Novel Resveratrol Based Tubulin Inhibitor Induces Mitotic Arrest and Activates Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34653. [PMID: 27748367 PMCID: PMC5066224 DOI: 10.1038/srep34653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is one of the most widely studied bioactive plant polyphenols which possesses anticancer properties. Previously we have reported synthesis, characterization and identification of a novel resveratrol analog, SS28. In the present study, we show that SS28 induced cytotoxicity in several cancer cell lines ex vivo with an IC50 value of 3–5 μM. Mechanistic evaluation of effect of SS28 in non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549) and T-cell leukemic cell line (CEM) showed that it inhibited Tubulin polymerization during cell division to cause cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase of the cell cycle at 12–18 h time period. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed the mitotic arrest upon treatment with SS28. Besides, we show that SS28 binds to Tubulin with a dissociation constant of 0.414 ± 0.11 μM. Further, SS28 treatment resulted in loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of Caspase 9 and Caspase 3, leading to PARP-1 cleavage and finally cell death via intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Importantly, treatment with SS28 resulted in regression of tumor in mice. Hence, our study reveals the antiproliferative activity of SS28 by disrupting microtubule dynamics by binding to its cellular target Tubulin and its potential to be developed as an anticancer molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Mahesh Hegde
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Sujeet Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE University's College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560 010, India
| | - Subhas S Karki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE University's College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560 010, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City, Bangalore 560 100, India
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Gao C, Ren J, Zhao C, Kong W, Dai Q, Chen Q, Liu C, Sun R. Xylan-based temperature/pH sensitive hydrogels for drug controlled release. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:189-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Badr El-Din NK, Ali DA, Alaa El-Dein M, Ghoneum M. Enhancing the Apoptotic Effect of a Low Dose of Paclitaxel on Tumor Cells in Mice by Arabinoxylan Rice Bran (MGN-3/Biobran). Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1010-20. [PMID: 27367621 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1192204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examine the ability of arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3/Biobran) to enhance the apoptotic effect of paclitaxel (Taxol) at low concentration [2 mg/kg body weight (BW)] in animals bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells and elucidate its mechanisms of action. On Day 8 following tumor cells inoculation, mice bearing tumors were administered MGN-3 alone (40 mg/kg BW), paclitaxel alone, or MGN-3 plus paclitaxel. On Day 30 post-tumor inoculation, we observed significant suppression of tumor volume (TV) with paclitaxel alone (59%), MGN-3 alone (77%), and MGN-3 plus paclitaxel (88%). Inhibition of tumor growth post-treatment with both agents, as compared with either treatment alone, was associated with a decrease in cell proliferation, a marked increase in the sub-G0/G1 population, an increase in DNA damage and apoptosis of tumor cells, and a significant maximization of the apoptosis index (AI)/proliferation index (PrI) ratio. Histopathological and electron microscopy examination of the combined treatment group showed an increase in the degenerative regions of the solid tumor tissue and abundant apoptotic cells. These data suggest that MGN-3 supplementation enhances tumor cell demise in the presence of a low dose of chemotherapeutic agent via apoptotic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman K Badr El-Din
- a Department of Zoology , Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ali
- a Department of Zoology , Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Mai Alaa El-Dein
- a Department of Zoology , Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Mamdooh Ghoneum
- b Department of Otolaryngology , Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science , Los Angeles , California , USA
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Srivastava S, Somasagara RR, Hegde M, Nishana M, Tadi SK, Srivastava M, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC. Quercetin, a Natural Flavonoid Interacts with DNA, Arrests Cell Cycle and Causes Tumor Regression by Activating Mitochondrial Pathway of Apoptosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24049. [PMID: 27068577 PMCID: PMC4828642 DOI: 10.1038/srep24049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring compounds are considered as attractive candidates for cancer treatment and prevention. Quercetin and ellagic acid are naturally occurring flavonoids abundantly seen in several fruits and vegetables. In the present study, we evaluate and compare antitumor efficacies of quercetin and ellagic acid in animal models and cancer cell lines in a comprehensive manner. We found that quercetin induced cytotoxicity in leukemic cells in a dose-dependent manner, while ellagic acid showed only limited toxicity. Besides leukemic cells, quercetin also induced cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells, however, its effect on normal cells was limited or none. Further, quercetin caused S phase arrest during cell cycle progression in tested cancer cells. Quercetin induced tumor regression in mice at a concentration 3-fold lower than ellagic acid. Importantly, administration of quercetin lead to ~5 fold increase in the life span in tumor bearing mice compared to that of untreated controls. Further, we found that quercetin interacts with DNA directly, and could be one of the mechanisms for inducing apoptosis in both, cancer cell lines and tumor tissues by activating the intrinsic pathway. Thus, our data suggests that quercetin can be further explored for its potential to be used in cancer therapeutics and combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | | | - Mahesh Hegde
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | | | - Satish Kumar Tadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | - Mrinal Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
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50
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Mendis M, Leclerc E, Simsek S. Arabinoxylans, gut microbiota and immunity. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 139:159-66. [PMID: 26794959 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Arabinoxylan (AX) is a non-starch polysaccharide found in many cereal grains and is considered as a dietary fiber. Despite their general structure, there is structural heterogeneity among AX originating from different botanical sources. Furthermore, the extraction procedure and hydrolysis by xylolytic enzymes can further render differences to theses AX. The aim of this review was to address the effects of AX on the gut bacteria and their immunomodulatory properties. Given the complex structure of AX, we also aimed to discuss how the structural heterogeneity of AX affects its role in bacterial growth and immunomodulation. The existing literature indicates the role of fine structural details of AX on its potential as polysaccharides that can impact the gut associated microbial growth and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihiri Mendis
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, Cereal Science Graduate Program, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Estelle Leclerc
- North Dakota State University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Senay Simsek
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, Cereal Science Graduate Program, Fargo, ND, USA.
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