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Gao S, Tan H, Gang J. Inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation through regulation of the Cell Cycle, AGE-RAGE, and Leptin signaling pathways by a compound formulation comprised of andrographolide, wogonin, and oroxylin A derived from Andrographis Paniculata(Burm.f.) Nees. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118001. [PMID: 38467318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In 2020, liver cancer contributed to approximately 0.9 million new cases and 0.83 million deaths, making it the third leading cause of mortality worldwide. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees(APN), a traditional Chinese or ethnic medicine extensively utilized in Asia, has been historically employed for treating hepatitis and liver cancer. However, the precise molecular mechanism responsible for its therapeutic efficacy remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify and replace the active components of APN on liver cancer, which is investigate the potential of a Multi-Component Chinese Medicine derived from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees(APN-MCCN) for the treatment of liver cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the TCMSP database and two liver cancer disease databases were utilized to optimize the chemical constituents of APN and the disease-related targets of liver cancer. The network was constructed using Cytoscape to visualize the relationships between them. Subsequently, the optimal combination of components in APN-MCCN for the treatment of liver cancer was determined using the contribution index method. HPLC analysis was performed to measure the content of each component. Pathway enrichment and gene annotation were conducted using the ClueGo plugin. In vivo efficacy was evaluated by transplanting S180 and H22 tumor-bearing mouse models. In vitro efficacy was determined through MTT assay, morphological observations, flow cytometry analysis, and scratch tests. Western blotting was used to validate the protein expression. The transfection techniques were employed to knockdown the expressions of key protein in different pathway. RESULTS We obtained 24 effective compounds, with andrographolide contributing 20.78%, wogonin contributing 41.85%, and oroxylin A contributing 30.26% to the overall composition. Based on the predicted enrichment degree and correlation with liver cancer, we identified a total of 27 pathways, among which the Leptin signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, and Cell Cycle signaling pathway were selected for further investigation. The content of andrographolide, oroxylin A, and wogonin in APN was found to be 0.104%, 0.0024%, and 0.0052%, respectively. In vivo experiments demonstrated that APN-MCCM significantly reduced tumor weight in S180 tumor-bearing mice and prolonged the survival time of H22 liver cancer-bearing mice. APN-MCCM exhibited inhibitory effects on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of liver cancer cells while arresting them in the G2/M phase. Furthermore, APN-MCCM down-regulated the protein expression of NCOA1, PTPN1, and GSK3B in the Leptin signaling pathway, NOS2 and NOS3 in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, CCNA2, CDK1, CDK2, and CDK7 in the Cell Cycle signaling pathway. Additionally, it upregulated the protein phosphorylation of p-P38 and p-JUN in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Knockout experiments revealed that the inhibitory effect of APN-MCCM on liver cancer cell migration was prevented when the MAPK or NCOA1 genes were knocked out. Similarly, knocking out the CDK7 gene blocked the G2/M phase arrest induced by APN-MCCM in liver cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS APN-MCCM, consisting of andrographolide, wogonin, and oroxylin A, exhibits inhibitory effects on the cell proliferation of liver cancer cells by targeting the cell cycle pathway. Additionally, it suppresses the migration of liver cancer cells through the AGE-RAGE and Leptin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Gao
- Drug Engineering and Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Antitumor Drugs, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huixin Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medicine University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jian Gang
- Drug Engineering and Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Antitumor Drugs, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China.
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Wang J, Yao N, Chen Y, Li X, Jiang Z. Research progress of cGAS-STING signaling pathway in intestinal diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112271. [PMID: 38762923 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signal has drawn much consideration due to its sensitivity to DNA in innate immune mechanisms. Activation of the cGAS-STIN signaling pathway induces the production of interferon and inflammatory cytokines, resulting in immune responses, or inflammatory diseases. The intestinal tract is a vital organ for the body's nutrition absorption, recent studies have had various points of view on the job of cGAS-STING pathway in various intestinal sicknesses. Therefore, understanding its role and mechanism in the intestinal environment can help to develop new strategies for the treatment of intestinal diseases. This article examines the mechanism of the cGAS-STING pathway and its function in inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal cancer, and long-injury ischemia-reperfusion, lists the current medications that target it for the treatment of intestinal diseases, and discusses the impact of intestinal flora on this signaling pathway, to offer a theoretical and scientific foundation for upcoming targeted therapies for intestinal disorders via the cGAS-STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Naiqi Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China
| | - Yonghu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Xuezheng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China
| | - Zhe Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China.
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Dixit N, Motwani H, Patel SK, Rawal RM, Solanki HA. Decoding the mechanism of andrographolide to combat hepatocellular carcinoma: a network pharmacology integrated molecular docking and dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37728545 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2256866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
HepatoCellular Carcinoma, being one of the most mortally convoluted malignancy with mounting number of occurrences across the world and being classified as the third most prevalent cause of cancer-associated mortalities and sixth most prevalent neoplasia. The active phytoconstituent andrographolide, derived from Andrographis paniculata is conveyed to reconcile a number of human ailments including various oncologies. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-oncogenic effects of Andrographolide on HCC remains skeptical and unclear, emerging as a budding challenge for researchers and oncologists. The present study intends to analyze the underlying pharmacological mechanism of Andrographolide over HCC, established via assimilated approach of network pharmacology. Herein, the Network pharmacology stratagem was instigated to investigate potential HCC targets. The Andrographolide targets along with HCC targets were extracted from multiple databases. A total of 162 potential overlapping targets among HCC and Andrographolide were obtained and further subjected to gene ontology and Pathway enrichment analysis by employing OmicsBox and DAVID database, respectively. Subsequently, Protein-protein interaction network construction by Cytoscape software identified the top 10 hub nodes which were validated by survival and expression analysis. Further, the results derived from molecular docking and dynamic simulations by CB-Dock2 server and Desmond module (Schrodinger software) indicate ALB, CCND1, HIF1A, TNF, and VEGFA as potential Andrographolide related targets with high binding affinity and promising complex stability. Our findings not only reveal the antioncogenic role of andrographolide but also provide novel insights illuminating the identified targets as scientific foundation for anti-oncogenic clinical application of andrographolide in HCC therapeutics.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandan Dixit
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Harsha Motwani
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Saumya K Patel
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh M Rawal
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hiteshkumar A Solanki
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Sadowska A, Sawicka D, Godlewska K, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K, Zapora E, Sokołowska E, Car H. Beneficial Proapoptotic Effect of Heterobasidion Annosum Extract in Colorectal Cancer Xenograft Mouse Model. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031352. [PMID: 36771018 PMCID: PMC9919637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal extracts possess potential anticancer activity against many malignant neoplastic diseases. In this research, we focused on the evaluation of Heterobasidion annosum (HA) extract in colorectal cancer in an in vivo model. The mice with implanted DLD-1 human cancer cells were given HA extract, the referential drug-5-fluorouracil (5FU), or were treated with its combination. Thereafter, tumor volume was measured and apoptotic proteins such as caspase-8, caspase-3, p53, Bcl-2, and survivin were analyzed in mice serum with an ELISA assay. The Ki-67 protein was assessed in tumor cells by immunohistochemical examination. The biggest volumes of tumors were confirmed in the DLD-1 group, while the lowest were observed in the population treated with 5FU and/or HA extract. The assessment of apoptosis showed increased concentrations of caspase 8 and p53 protein after the combined administration of 5FU and HA extract. The levels of survivin and Bcl-2 were decreased in all tested groups compared to the DLD-1 group. Moreover, we observed a positive reaction for Ki-67 protein in all tested groups. Our findings confirm the apoptotic effect of extract given alone or with 5FU. The obtained results are innovative and provide a basis for further research concerning the antitumor activity of the HA extract, especially in the range of its interaction with an anticancer chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sadowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-5554
| | - Diana Sawicka
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Godlewska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Haematology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Zapora
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Use, Institute of Forest Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Emilia Sokołowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
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Intharuksa A, Arunotayanun W, Yooin W, Sirisa-ard P. A Comprehensive Review of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees and Its Constituents as Potential Lead Compounds for COVID-19 Drug Discovery. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144479. [PMID: 35889352 PMCID: PMC9316804 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has intensively disrupted global health, economics, and well-being. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees has been used as a complementary treatment for COVID-19 in several Asian countries. This review aimed to summarize the information available regarding A. paniculata and its constituents, to provide critical points relating to its pharmacological properties, safety, and efficacy, revealing its potential to serve as a source of lead compounds for COVID-19 drug discovery. A. paniculata and its active compounds possess favorable antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antipyretic activities that could be beneficial for COVID-19 treatment. Interestingly, recent in silico and in vitro studies have revealed that the active ingredients in A. paniculata showed promising activities against 3CLpro and its virus-specific target protein, human hACE2 protein; they also inhibit infectious virion production. Moreover, existing publications regarding randomized controlled trials demonstrated that the use of A. paniculata alone or in combination was superior to the placebo in reducing the severity of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) manifestations, especially as part of early treatment, without serious side effects. Taken together, its chemical and biological properties, especially its antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2, clinical trials on URTI, and the safety of A. paniculata, as discussed in this review, support the argument that A. paniculata is a promising natural source for drug discovery regarding COVID-19 post-infectious treatment, rather than prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aekkhaluck Intharuksa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.I.); (W.Y.); (P.S.-a.)
| | - Warunya Arunotayanun
- Kanchanabhishek Institute of Medical and Public Health Technology, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Nonthaburi 11150, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Wipawadee Yooin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.I.); (W.Y.); (P.S.-a.)
| | - Panee Sirisa-ard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (A.I.); (W.Y.); (P.S.-a.)
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Chen Z, Tang WJ, Zhou YH, Chen ZM, Liu K. Andrographolide inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation through the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and by reprogramming host glucose metabolism. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 9:1701. [PMID: 34988210 PMCID: PMC8667159 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The main aim of this research was to explore the role and mechanism of Andrographolide (Andro) in controlling non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell proliferation. Methods Human NSCLC H1975 cells were treated with Andro (0–20 µM) for 4–72 h. B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-antagonist/killer (Bak)-small interfering RNA (siRNA) (Bak-siRNA) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1)-siRNA were transfected into H1975 cells to inhibit the endogenic Bak and FBP1 expression, respectively, and their expressions were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting (WB). Cellular proliferation ability was determined through various assessments, including 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. Cell apoptosis ability was measured using flow cytometry. Pro-apoptotic-related proteins (cleaved caspase 9, cleaved caspase 8, and cleaved caspase 3) and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway proteins [Bcl2-associated X (Bax), Bak, Bcl-2, and cytochrome C (cyto C)] were assessed by WB. Aerobic glycolysis-associated genes [pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1)] and gluconeogenesis genes [phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PEPCK1), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1), and phosphofructokinase (PFK)] were measured by qRT-PCR. The mitochondrial membrane depolarization sensor, 5, 50, 6, 60-tetrachloro-1, 10, 3, 30 tetraethyl benzimidazolo carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) assay was used for the measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Additionally, glycolytic metabolism, lactate production, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis were also analyzed. Results Andro inhibited human NSCLC cellular proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose-time or dose-dependent manner via activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Andro inhibited glycolysis, promoted the gluconeogenesis pathway, and increased the levels of cleaved caspase 9, cleaved caspase 8, cleaved caspase 3, Bax, Bak, PEPCK1, FBP1, and PFK, and decreased the levels of Bcl-2, PKM2, LDHA, and GLUT1. Moreover, it also decreased the ΔΨm and facilitated the release of cyto C from mitochondria into the cytoplasm. Furthermore, Andro enhanced the mitochondrial translocation of Bak, glucose uptake, lactate release, and intracellular ATP synthesis. Suppression of endogenic Bak and FBP1 expression significantly reduced the effects of Andro in H1975 cells. Conclusions Andro represses NSCLC cell proliferation through the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and by reprogramming glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jian Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Han Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou-Miao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang Y, Wei B, Wang D, Wu J, Gao J, Zhong H, Sun Y, Xu Q, Liu W, Gu Y, Guo W. DNA damage repair promotion in colonic epithelial cells by andrographolide downregulated cGAS‒STING pathway activation and contributed to the relief of CPT-11-induced intestinal mucositis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:262-273. [PMID: 35127384 PMCID: PMC8799857 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal mucositis is one of the most debilitating side effects of the chemotherapeutic agent irinotecan (CPT-11). Andrographolide, a natural bicyclic diterpenoid lactone, has been reported to possess anti-colitis activity. In this study, andrographolide treatment was found to significantly relieve CPT-11-induced colitis in tumor-bearing mice without decreasing the tumor suppression effect of CPT-11. CPT-11 causes DNA damage and the release of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) from the intestine, leading to cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)‒stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated colitis, which was significantly decreased by andrographolide both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic studies revealed that andrographolide could promote homologous recombination (HR) repair and downregulate dsDNA‒cGAS‒STING signaling and contribute to the improvement of CPT-11-induced gastrointestinal mucositis. These results suggest that andrographolide may be a novel agent to relieve gastrointestinal mucositis caused by CPT-11.
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Paul S, Roy D, Pati S, Sa G. The Adroitness of Andrographolide as a Natural Weapon Against Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:731492. [PMID: 34795581 PMCID: PMC8592893 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.731492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional carcinoma treatment generally encompasses the employment of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery or use of cytotoxic drugs. However, recent advances in pharmacological research have divulged the importance of traditional treatments in cancer. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the importance of one such medicinal herb of Chinese and Indian origin: Andrographis paniculate on colorectal cancer with special emphasis on its principal bioactive component andrographolide (AGP) and its underlying mechanisms of action. AGP has long been known to possess medicinal properties. Studies led by numerous groups of researchers shed light on its molecular mechanism of action. AGP has been shown to act in a multi-faceted manner in context of colorectal cancer by targeting matrix metalloproteinase-9, Toll-like receptor or NFκB signaling pathways. In this review, we highlighted the recent studies that show that AGP can act as an effective immunomodulator by harnessing effective anti-tumor immune response. Recent studies strongly recommend further research on this compound and its analogues, especially under in-vivo condition to assess its actual potential as a prospective and efficient candidate against colorectal cancer. The current review deals with the roles of this phytomedicine in context of colorectal cancer and briefly describes its perspectives to emerge as an essential anti-cancer drug candidate. Finally, we also point out the drawbacks and difficulties in administration of AGP and indicate the use of nano-formulations of this phytomedicine for better therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpita Paul
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Dia Roy
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhadip Pati
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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Delinois LJ, De León-Vélez O, Vázquez-Medina A, Vélez-Cabrera A, Marrero-Sánchez A, Nieves-Escobar C, Alfonso-Cano D, Caraballo-Rodríguez D, Rodriguez-Ortiz J, Acosta-Mercado J, Benjamín-Rivera JA, González-González K, Fernández-Adorno K, Santiago-Pagán L, Delgado-Vergara R, Torres-Ávila X, Maser-Figueroa A, Grajales-Avilés G, Miranda Méndez GI, Santiago-Pagán J, Nieves-Santiago M, Álvarez-Carrillo V, Griebenow K, Tinoco AD. Cytochrome c: Using Biological Insight toward Engineering an Optimized Anticancer Biodrug. INORGANICS 2021; 9:83. [PMID: 35978717 PMCID: PMC9380692 DOI: 10.3390/inorganics9110083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme protein cytochrome c (Cyt c) plays pivotal roles in cellular life and death processes. In the respiratory chain of mitochondria, it serves as an electron transfer protein, contributing to the proliferation of healthy cells. In the cell cytoplasm, it activates intrinsic apoptosis to terminate damaged cells. Insight into these mechanisms and the associated physicochemical properties and biomolecular interactions of Cyt c informs on the anticancer therapeutic potential of the protein, especially in its ability to subvert the current limitations of small molecule-based chemotherapy. In this review, we explore the development of Cyt c as an anticancer drug by identifying cancer types that would be receptive to the cytotoxicity of the protein and factors that can be finetuned to enhance its apoptotic potency. To this end, some information is obtained by characterizing known drugs that operate, in part, by triggering Cyt c induced apoptosis. The application of different smart drug delivery systems is surveyed to highlight important features for maintaining Cyt c stability and activity and improving its specificity for cancer cells and high drug payload release while recognizing the continuing limitations. This work serves to elucidate on the optimization of the strategies to translate Cyt c to the clinical market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J. Delinois
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Omar De León-Vélez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Adriana Vázquez-Medina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Alondra Vélez-Cabrera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Amanda Marrero-Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | | | - Daniela Alfonso-Cano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | | | - Jael Rodriguez-Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Jemily Acosta-Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Josué A. Benjamín-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Kiara González-González
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Kysha Fernández-Adorno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Lisby Santiago-Pagán
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Rafael Delgado-Vergara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Xaiomy Torres-Ávila
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Andrea Maser-Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | | | | | - Javier Santiago-Pagán
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Miguel Nieves-Santiago
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Vanessa Álvarez-Carrillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Kai Griebenow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Arthur D. Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
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Elsheikh MA, Rizk SA, Elnaggar YSR, Abdallah OY. Nanoemulsomes for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of the Anticancer Phytochemical Andrographolide: Characterization and Pharmacokinetics. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:246. [PMID: 34617166 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide (AG) is an antitumor phytochemical that acts against non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, AG shows low oral bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism and P-glycoprotein efflux. Novel biocompatible lipoprotein-simulating nanosystems, emulsomes (EMLs), have gained significant attention due to their composition of natural components, in addition to being lymphotropic. Loading AG on EMLs is believed to mitigate the disadvantage of AG and enhance its lymphatic transport. This study developed a chylomicron-simulating system (EMLs) as a novel tool to overcome the AG oral delivery obstacles. Optimized EML-AG had a promising vesicular size of 281.62 ± 1.73 nm, a zeta potential of - 22.73 ± 0.06 mV, and a high entrapment efficiency of 96.55% ± 0.25%, which favors lymphatic targeting. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies of EML-AG showed significant enhancement (> sixfold increase) in the rate and extent of AG absorption compared with free AG. However, intraperitoneal injection of a cycloheximide inhibitor caused a significant decrease in AG absorption (~ 52%), confirming the lymphatic targeting potential of EMLs. Therefore, EMLs can be a promising novel nanoplatform for circumventing AG oral delivery obstacles and provide targeted delivery to the lymphatic system at a lower dose with fewer side effects.
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11
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Sharma P, Shimura T, Banwait JK, Goel A. Andrographis-mediated chemosensitization through activation of ferroptosis and suppression of β-catenin/Wnt-signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1385-1394. [PMID: 32835374 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in the USA. As much as 50-60% of CRC patients develop resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based chemotherapeutic regimens, attributing the increased overall morbidity and mortality. In view of the growing evidence that active principles in various naturally occurring botanicals can facilitate chemosensitization in cancer cells, herein, we undertook a comprehensive effort in interrogating the activity of one such botanical-andrographis-by analyzing its activity in CRC cell lines [both sensitive and 5FU resistant (5FUR)], a xenograft animal model and patient-derived tumor organoids. We observed that combined treatment with andrographis was synergistic and resulted in a significant and dose-dependent increase in the efficacy of 5FU in HCT116 and SW480 5FUR cells (P < 0.05), reduced clonogenic formation (P < 0.01) and increased rates of caspase-9-mediated apoptosis (P < 0.05). The genomewide expression analysis in cell lines led us to uncover that activation of ferroptosis and suppression of β-catenin/Wnt-signaling pathways were the key mediators for the anti-cancer and chemosensitizing effects of andrographis. Subsequently, we validated our findings in a xenograft animal model, as well as two independent CRC patient-derived organoids-which confirmed that combined treatment with andrographis was significantly more effective than 5FU and andrographis alone and that these effects were in part orchestrated through dysregulated expression of key genes (including HMOX1, GCLC, GCLM and TCF7L2) within the ferroptosis and Wnt-signaling pathways. Collectively, our data highlight that andrographis might offer a safe and inexpensive adjunctive therapeutic option in the management of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics and Biotech Innovations, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tadanobu Shimura
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jasjit K Banwait
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics and Biotech Innovations, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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12
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Sharda N, Ikuse T, Hill E, Garcia S, Czinn SJ, Bafford A, Blanchard TG, Banerjee A. Impact of Andrographolide and Melatonin Combinatorial Drug Therapy on Metastatic Colon Cancer Cells and Organoids. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2021; 15:11795549211012672. [PMID: 34158803 PMCID: PMC8182223 DOI: 10.1177/11795549211012672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The death rate (the number of deaths per 100 000 people per year) of
colorectal cancer (CRC) has been dropping since 1980 due to increased
screening, lifestyle-related risk factors, and improved treatment options;
however, CRC is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men and
women in the United States. Therefore, successful therapy for CRC is an
unmet clinical need. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of
andrographolide (AGP) and melatonin (MLT) on CRC and the underlying
mechanism. Methods: To investigate AGP and MLT anticancer effects, a series of metastatic colon
cancer cell lines (T84, Colo 205, HT-29, and DLD-1) were selected. In
addition, a metastatic patient-derived organoid model (PDOD) was used to
monitor the anticancer effects of AGP and MLT. A series of bioassays
including 3D organoid cell culture, MTT, colony formation, western blotting,
immunofluorescence, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were
performed. Results: The dual therapy significantly promotes CRC cell death, as compared with the
normal cells. It also limits CRC colony formation and disrupts the PDOD
membrane integrity along with decreased Ki-67 expression. A significantly
higher cleaved caspase-3 and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins,
IRE-1 and ATF-6 expression, by 48 hours were found. This combinatorial
treatment increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Apoptosis
signaling molecules BAX, XBP-1, and CHOP were significantly increased as
determined by qPCR. Conclusions: These findings indicated that AGP and MLT associated ER stress-mediated
apoptotic metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) cell death through the
IRE-1/XBP-1/CHOP signaling pathway. This novel combination could be a
potential therapeutic strategy for mCRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamaki Ikuse
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elizabeth Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sonia Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven J Czinn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Bafford
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas G Blanchard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Khan I, Mahfooz S, Ansari IA. Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Properties of Andrographolide Against Human Colon Cancer DLD1 Cell Line. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:930-942. [PMID: 31774047 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191125111920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, natural products have received great attention for cancer prevention owing to their various health benefits, noticeable lack of toxicity and side effects, and the limitations of chemotherapeutic agents. Andrographolide, a labdane diterpenoid is a principal bioactive constituent of Andrographis paniculata Nees, exhibits significant anticancer activity. OBJECTIVE The efficacy of andrographolide on colon cancer cells is yet to be elucidated completely. Therefore, we investigated the anticancer efficiency of andrographolide in colon cancer DLD1 cell line. METHODS Antiproliferative activity of andrographolide on DLD1 cells was evaluated by MTT assay, LDH release assay, morphological analysis and colony formation assay. Induction of apoptosis was determined by DAPI staining, Annexin V-FITC staining assay, and caspase-3 activation assay. Role of andrographolide induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its association with apoptosis induction in DLD1 cells was elucidated by DCFDA dye. Synergistic ability of andrographolide with 5- fluorouracil (5-FU) and paclitaxel (PTX) was evaluated by MTT assay. RESULTS Results of the present study indicated that andrographolide declined cell viability of DLD1 cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Andrographolide induced apoptosis via nuclear condensation, phosphatidylserine externalization and caspase-3 activation. It also augmented cellular ROS levels which were in turn associated with apoptosis induction in DLD1 cells. Moreover, andrographolide displayed synergistic activity with 5-FU and PTX against DLD1 cells. CONCLUSION The present study showed that andrographolide demonstrated antiproliferative and apoptotic properties, moreover it also displayed synergistic effect with chemotherapeutic drugs in colon cancer DLD1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University,
Yalıköy Mahallesi, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey,Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Sadaf Mahfooz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University,
Yalıköy Mahallesi, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey,Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Irfan A Ansari
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
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14
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Zhao Y, Wang C, Goel A. Andrographis overcomes 5-fluorouracil-associated chemoresistance through inhibition of DKK1 in colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:814-825. [PMID: 33822896 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU)-based chemotherapeutic drug remains a mainstay of CRC treatment. Unfortunately, ~50-60% of patients eventually develop resistance to 5FU, leading to poor survival outcomes. Our previous work revealed that andrographis enhanced 5FU-induced anti-cancer activity, but the underlying mechanistic understanding largely remains unclear. In this study, we first established 5FU-resistant (5FUR) CRC cells and observed that combined treatment with andrographis-5FU in 5FUR cells exhibited superior effect on cell viability, proliferation, and colony formation capacity compared with individual treatments (P < 0.001). To identify key genes and pathways responsible for 5FU resistance, we analyzed genome-wide transcriptomic profiling data from CRC patients who either responded or did not respond to 5FU. Among a panel of differentially expressed genes, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) overexpression was a critical event for 5FU resistance. Moreover, andrographis significantly downregulated 5FU-induced DKK1 overexpression, accompanied with enhanced anti-tumor effects by abrogating downstream Akt-phosphorylation. In line with in vitro findings, andrographis enhanced 5FU-induced anti-cancer activity in mice xenografts and patient-derived tumoroids (P < 0.01). In conclusion, our data provide novel evidence for andrographis-mediated reversal of 5FU resistance, highlighting its potential role as an adjunct to conventional chemotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Zhao
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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15
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Suriyo T, Chotirat S, Rangkadilok N, Pholphana N, Satayavivad J. Interactive effects of Andrographis paniculata extracts and cancer chemotherapeutic 5-Fluorouracil on cytochrome P450s expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Zhu XF, Li XJ, Cao ZL, Liu XJ, Yang P, Ju D, Mu Q. Synergistic Antitumor Effect of 5-Fluorouracil Combined with Constituents from Pleurospermum lindleyanum in Hepatocellular Carcinoma SMMC-7721 Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:508-522. [PMID: 32838723 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200824094624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A Chinese folk medicine plant Pleurospermum lindleyanum possesses pharmacological activities of heat-clearing, detoxifying and preventing from hepatopathy, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and high altitude sickness. We isolated and characterized its constituents to investigate its synergistic effects against human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the synergistic anti-cancer activities of isolates from P. lindleyanum with 5-FU on hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro and their primary mechanisms. METHODS Sequential chromatographic techniques were conducted for the isolation studies. The isolate's structures were established by spectroscopic analysis as well as X-ray crystallographic diffraction. Growth inhibition was detected by MTT assay. The isobologram method was used to assess the effect of drug combinations. Flow cytometry and western blot were used to examine apoptosis and protein expression. RESULTS A new coumarin (16), along with sixteen known compounds, were isolated from the whole plant of P. lindleyanum and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Four coumarins (2, 3, 5, and 16), two flavonoids (8 and 9) and three phytosterols and triterpenes (12-14) were found to synergistically enhance the inhibitory effect of 5-FU against SMMC-7721 cells. Among them, compounds 3 and 16 exhibited the best synergistic effects with IC50 of 5-FU reduced by 16-fold and 22-fold possessing the minimum Combination Index (CI) 0.34 and 0.27. The mechanism of action of combinations might be through synergistic arresting for the cell cycle at G1 phases and the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, western blotting and molecular docking revealed that compounds 3 or 5 might promote 5-FU-induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of Caspase 9 and PARP. CONCLUSION Constituents from P. lindleyanum may improve the treatment effectiveness of 5-FU against hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Jin Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnomedicine Institute of Xinjiang, Wulumuqi 830002, China
| | - Zhong-Lian Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiu-Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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17
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Wanandi SI, Limanto A, Yunita E, Syahrani RA, Louisa M, Wibowo AE, Arumsari S. In silico and in vitro studies on the anti-cancer activity of andrographolide targeting survivin in human breast cancer stem cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240020. [PMID: 33211707 PMCID: PMC7676700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) express high levels of the anti-apoptotic protein, survivin. This study aimed to discover a natural active compound with anti-cancer properties that targeted survivin in human breast cancer stem cells. From the seven examined compounds, andrographolide was selected as a lead compound through in silico molecular docking with survivin, caspase-9, and caspase-3. We found that the affinity between andrographolide and survivin is higher than that with caspase-9 and caspase-3. Human CD24-/CD44+ BCSCs were treated with andrographolide in vitro for 24 hours. The cytotoxic effect of andrographolide on BCSCs was compared to that on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The expression of survivin, caspase-9, and caspase-3 mRNA was analyzed using qRT-PCR, while Thr34-phosphorylated survivin and total survivin levels were determined using ELISA and Immunoblotting assay. Annexin-V/PI flow cytometry assays were performed to evaluate the apoptotic activity of andrographolide. Our results demonstrate that the CC50 of andrographolide in BCSCs was 0.32mM, whereas there was no cytotoxic effect in MSCs. Moreover, andrographolide decreased survivin and Thr34-phosphorylated survivin, thus inhibiting survivin activation and increasing survivin mRNA in BCSCs. The apoptotic activity of andrographolide was revealed by the increase of caspase-3 mRNA and protein, as well as the increase in both the early and late phases of apoptosis. In conclusion, andrographolide can be considered an anti-cancer compound that targets BCSCs due to its molecular interactions with survivin, caspase-9, and caspase-3, which induce apoptosis. We suggest that the binding of andrographolide to survivin is a critical aspect of the effect of andrographolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Septelia Inawati Wanandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Center for Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Molecular Biology and Proteomic Core Facilities, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Agus Limanto
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elvira Yunita
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Resda Akhra Syahrani
- Molecular Biology and Proteomic Core Facilities, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Melva Louisa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Agung Eru Wibowo
- Laboratory for Development of Industrial Agro and Biomedical Technology (LAPTIAB), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Sekar Arumsari
- Molecular Biology and Proteomic Core Facilities, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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18
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Khan I, Mahfooz S, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Ansari IA. Andrographolide Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through Inhibition of Aberrant Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Colon Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2428-2446. [PMID: 33030050 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1828942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hedgehog signaling pathway (Hh) is abnormally stimulated in colon cancer. Evidence suggests the therapeutic effectiveness of andrographolide against several cancers. This study attempts to delineate the effect of andrographolide on Hh signaling pathway in colon cancer HCT-116 cells. Methods: Effects of andrographolide were studied on HCT-116 cells by evaluating cytotoxicity by MTT assay, morphology assessment, trypan blue exclusion, and colony formation assay; migratory potential by scratch assay; apoptosis by DAPI, Hoechst staining, FITC-Annexin V assay, and caspases activation; mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) by Mito Tracker and Rhodamine 123. Intracellular ROS by DCFH-DA staining. Cell cycle regulation by flow cytometry. Expression of BAX, BAD, BCL2, Cyclin B1, CDK1, Smo, and Gli1 by qRT-PCR. Interaction between andrographolide and Smo protein by in-silico molecular docking. Results: Andrographolide induced antiproliferative effect on HCT-116 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. It also induced apoptosis and anti-migratory effect in HCT-116 cells. In combination with 5FU, andrographolide exhibited synergistic effect. It Induced G2/M phase arrest through downregulating CDK1 and Cyclin B1. Andrographolide also inhibited Hh signaling by downregulating Smo and Gli1 in HCT-116 cells. It showed high affinity toward Smo protein in-silico. Conclusion: Andrographolide repressed the colon cancer cell growth via inhibiting Hh signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sadaf Mahfooz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Departmentof Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Departmentof Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan A Ansari
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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19
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Natural Agents Targeting Mitochondria in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196992. [PMID: 32977472 PMCID: PMC7582837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the key energy provider to highly proliferating cancer cells, and are subsequently considered one of the critical targets in cancer therapeutics. Several compounds have been studied for their mitochondria-targeting ability in cancer cells. These studies’ outcomes have led to the invention of “mitocans”, a category of drug known to precisely target the cancer cells’ mitochondria. Based upon their mode of action, mitocans have been divided into eight classes. To date, different synthetic compounds have been suggested to be potential mitocans, but unfortunately, they are observed to exert adverse effects. Many studies have been published justifying the medicinal significance of large numbers of natural agents for their mitochondria-targeting ability and anticancer activities with minimal or no side effects. However, these natural agents have never been critically analyzed for their mitochondria-targeting activity. This review aims to evaluate the various natural agents affecting mitochondria and categorize them in different classes. Henceforth, our study may further support the potential mitocan behavior of various natural agents and highlight their significance in formulating novel potential anticancer therapeutics.
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20
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Sadowska A, Zapora E, Sawicka D, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Surażyński A, Sułkowska-Ziaja K, Kała K, Stocki M, Wołkowycki M, Bakier S, Pawlik A, Jaszek M, Muszyńska B, Car H. Heterobasidion annosum Induces Apoptosis in DLD-1 Cells and Decreases Colon Cancer Growth in In Vivo Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103447. [PMID: 32414138 PMCID: PMC7279362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of substances from medicinal mushrooms is one of the interesting approaches to improve cancer therapy. In this study, we commenced a new attempt in the field of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. sensu lato to further extend our knowledge on this basidiomycete fungus. For this purpose, analysis of the active substances of Heterobasidion annosum methanolic extract and also its influence on colorectal cancer in terms of in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed. In vivo studies on mice were conducted to verify its acute toxicity and to further affirm its anticancer potential. Results indicated that all the most common substances of best known medicinal mushrooms that are also responsible for their biological activity are present in tested extracts. In vitro tests showed a high hemocompatibility and a significant decrease in viability and proliferation of DLD-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner of Heterobasidion annosum extract. The studies performed on xenograft model of mice showed lower tendency of tumor growth in the group of mice receiving Heterobasidion annosum extract as well as mild or moderate toxicity. Obtained results suggest beneficial potential of Heterobasidion annosum against colon cancer as cytotoxic agent or as adjuvant anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sadowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (D.S.); (K.N.-L.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-5554
| | - Ewa Zapora
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (E.Z.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Diana Sawicka
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (D.S.); (K.N.-L.); (H.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Laskowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (D.S.); (K.N.-L.); (H.C.)
| | - Arkadiusz Surażyński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.S.-Z.); (K.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Kała
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.S.-Z.); (K.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Marcin Stocki
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (E.Z.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Marek Wołkowycki
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (E.Z.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Sławomir Bakier
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (E.Z.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Anna Pawlik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Magdalena Jaszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.S.-Z.); (K.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (D.S.); (K.N.-L.); (H.C.)
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Thirupathi A, Shanmugavadivelu CM, Natarajan S. Fastidious Anatomization of Biota Procured Compounds on Cancer Drug Discovery. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 21:354-363. [PMID: 31778106 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191128145015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products are the rootstock for identifying new drugs since ancient times. In comparison with synthetic drugs, they have abounding beneficial effects in bestowing protection against many diseases, including cancer. Cancer has been observed as a major threat in recent decades, and its prevalence is expected to increase over the next decades. Also, current treatment methods in cancer therapy such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy cause severe adverse side effects among the cancer population. Therefore, it is exigent to find a remedy without any side effects. METHODS In recent years, research has focused on obtaining naturally derived products to encounter this complication. The current pace of investigations, such as gene identification and advancement in combinatorial chemistry, leads to the aberrant access to a wide range of new synthetic drugs. In fact, natural products act as templates in structure predictions and synthesis of new compounds with enhanced biological activities. RESULTS Recent developments in genomics have established the importance of polymorphism, which implies that patients require different drugs for their treatment. This demands the discovery of a large number of drugs, but limited sources restrict the pharmaceutical industry to overcome these major obstacles. The use of natural products and their semisynthetic and synthetic analogues could alleviate these problems. However, the lack of standardization in terms of developing methods for evaluating the chemical composition, efficacy, isolation and international approval is still a major limitation in this field. In the past few years, several drug-approval authorities, including the FDA and WHO have allowed using these naturally derived compounds in humans. CONCLUSION In this review, we described the use of some natural products from plant and marine sources in cancer treatment and shed some light on semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds derived from natural sources used in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Thirupathi
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | | | - Sampathkumar Natarajan
- Department of Chemistry, SSM Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mokenapelli S, Gutam M, Vadiyaala N, Yerrabelli JR, Banerjee S, Roy P, Kancha RK, Kunduru BR, Sagurthi SR, Chitneni PR. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel 14α- O-(1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazolyl) ester derivatives of andrographolide. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:289-297. [PMID: 31219346 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1628746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 14α-O-(1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazolyl) ester derivatives of andrographolide (5a-n) were synthesized from andrographolide (1). For this endeavour, selective esterification at C-14 hydroxyl group of andrographolide (1) with propiolic acid via protection, deprotection strategy followed by 1,4-regioselective [1,3]dipolar cycloaddition of alkyne, azide using Cu(I) catalyzed Click chemistry. All the synthesized derivatives were screened for their cytotoxicity on HCT-15, HeLa and K562 cell lines. Compounds 5c and 5j showed highest activity against HCT-15 and K562 cell lines whereas compound 5a displayed activity in all the three cell lines. Loss of cell viability was not observed with the non-transformed cell line MRC-5 with compounds 5j, 5k, 5h and 2 indicating cytotoxic activity of these compounds towards cancer cell lines. Further, molecular docking analysis and SAR studies of highly active compounds 5c and 5j revealed enhanced binding affinity to the target NF-κB protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Mokenapelli
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Madhu Gutam
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naveen Vadiyaala
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Somesh Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rama Krishna Kancha
- Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bharathi Reddy Kunduru
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Someswar Rao Sagurthi
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prasad Rao Chitneni
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Anti-cancer effects of polyphenols via targeting p53 signaling pathway: updates and future directions. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 38:107385. [PMID: 31004736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer effects of polyphenols are ascribed to several signaling pathways including the tumor suppressor gene tumor protein 53 (p53). Expression of endogenous p53 is silent in various types of cancers. A number of polyphenols from a wide variety of dietary sources could upregulate p53 expression in several cancer cell lines through distinct mechanisms of action. The aim of this review is to focus the significance of p53 signaling pathways and to provide molecular intuitions of dietary polyphenols in chemoprevention by monitoring p53 expression that have a prominent role in tumor suppression.
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Seo EJ, Klauck SM, Efferth T, Panossian A. Adaptogens in chemobrain (Part I): Plant extracts attenuate cancer chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment - Transcriptome-wide microarray profiles of neuroglia cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:80-91. [PMID: 30668446 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments are presumably associated with undesirable effects of chemotherapy on physiological functions of brain cells. Adaptogens are natural compounds or plant extracts increasing an organism's adaptability and survival in stress. They exhibited neuroprotective effects and increased cognitive functions in clinical studies in human beings. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that selected adaptogenic plant extracts attenuate or prevent cancer chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments. AIM We assessed the effects of selected adaptogenic herbal extracts on FEC (fixed combination 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide) induced changes in transcriptome-wide RNA microarray profiles of neuroglia cells. The aim of the study was to predict potential effects of andrographolide, Andrographis herb, Eleutherococcus root genuine extracts, their fixed combination (AE) and the combination of Rhodiola roots, Schisandra berries and Eleutherococcus roots (RSE) on cellular and physiological, mostly cognitive functions. METHODS Gene expression profiling was performed by transcriptome-wide mRNA microarray in the human T98G neuroglia cells after treatment with adaptogens. Interactive pathways downstream analysis was performed with data sets of significantly up- or down-regulated genes and predicted effects on cellular functions and diseases were identified by Ingenuity IPA database software. RESULTS FEC deregulated 67 genes involved in decrease of neuronal development, 37 genes involved in development of the sensory system, 12 genes in extension of axons, and 3 genes in migration of neurons. Co-incubation with Andrographis paniculata (AP) suppressed FEC-induced deregulation of a large number of genes involved in predicted activation of neuronal death and inhibition of neurogenesis, and 16 genes related to inhibition of several functions in the nervous system. Co-incubation with AE suppressed FEC-induced deregulation of a number of genes involved in predicted inhibition of axon extension, migration of T98G neuroglia cells, conduction of nerves and other genes related to regulations of some other functions in the nervous system. CONCLUSION Application of cytostatic drugs in combination with apoptogenic plant extracts induced significant changes in transcriptome-wide mRNA microarray profiles of neuroglial cells. These changes indicate on potential beneficial effects on neuronal functions associated with mild cognitive impairments in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Sabine M Klauck
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460 Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| | - Alexander Panossian
- EuroPharma USA Inc., 955 Challenger Dr., Green Bay, Wisconsin 54311 United States; Phytomed AB, Vaxtorp, Sweden.
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Yuan M, Meng W, Liao W, Lian S. Andrographolide Antagonizes TNF-α-Induced IL-8 via Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase/ROS/NF-κB and Src/MAPKs/AP-1 Axis in Human Colorectal Cancer HCT116 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5139-5148. [PMID: 29672044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata Nees is used as a functional food in Japan, Korea, India, and China. Andrographolide, a naturally occurring phytochemical identified in Andrographis paniculata, has been discovered to present anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Highly expressed interleukin (IL-8) has been detected in colorectal cancer and is implicated in angiogenesis. However, the effect and molecular mechanisms of IL-8 expression by andrographolide remain obscure in human colorectal cancer cells. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of andrographolide on TNF-α-induced IL-8 expression and its underlying mechanisms. We found that andrographolide concentration-dependently inhibited TNF-α-induced IL-8 mRNA (2.23 ± 0.15 fold at 20 μM) and protein expression (4.78 ± 0.31 fold at 20 μM) and reduced the IL-8 transcriptional activity (2.59 ± 0.25 fold at 20 μM). TNF-α stimulated the membrane translocation of p47phox to activate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing NADPH oxidase (NOX). Furthermore, TNF-α induced Src and MAPKs (Erk1/2, p38 MAPK) phosphorylation, as well as NF-κB and AP-1 binding activities. We found that NF-κB and AP-1 were the critical transcription factors for TNF-α-induced IL-8 expression. Specific inhibitors and mutagenesis studies indicated that Src, Erk1/2, and p38 MAPK are related to TNF-α-induced IL-8. NOX-derived ROS and Src/MAPKs (Erk1/2 and p38 MAPK) functioned as upstream activators of NF-κB and AP-1, respectively. Taken together, andrographolide antagonizes TNF-α-induced IL-8 via inhibition of NADPH oxidase/ROS/NF-κB and Src/MAPKs/AP-1 signaling pathways in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells and then suppresses angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Yuan
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , Guangdong , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , Guangdong , China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , Guangdong , China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , Guangdong , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochip , Guangzhou 510515 , Guangdong , China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , Guangdong , China
| | - Sen Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , Guangdong , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochip , Guangzhou 510515 , Guangdong , China
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Khan I, Khan F, Farooqui A, Ansari IA. Andrographolide Exhibits Anticancer Potential Against Human Colon Cancer Cells by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Programmed Cell Death via Augmentation of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Level. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:787-803. [PMID: 29781715 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1470649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Andrographolide, a diterpenoid lactone and a major constituent of Andrographis paniculata Nees, exhibits remarkable anticancer activity. However, the effect of andrographolide on colon cancer has not been completely elucidated yet. Thus, we investigated the chemopreventive potential of andrographolide in colon cancer HT-29 cells. The cytotoxic potential of andrographolide on HT-29 cells was determined by MTT assay, trypan blue exclusion assay, colony formation assay, and morphological analysis; and apoptotic property by DAPI and Hoechst staining, FITC-Annexin V assay, DNA fragmentation assay and caspase-3 activity assay. To elucidate andrographolide action, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was determined by DCFDA dye; change in mitochondrial potential by Rhodamine123 and Mito Tracker Red CMXRos dye; and cell cycle modulatory property by flow cytometric analysis. Results of the study have shown that andrographolide decreased cell viability of HT-29 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, andrographolide induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells which seemed to be linked with augmented intracellular ROS level and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. Interestingly, andrographolide caused significant cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase at lower doses, but, in G0/G1 phase at higher doses. In summary, our results indicated that andrographolide exhibited antiproliferative and apoptotic properties against colon cancer HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- a Department of Biosciences , Integral University , Lucknow , India
| | - Fahad Khan
- a Department of Biosciences , Integral University , Lucknow , India
| | - Arshi Farooqui
- a Department of Biosciences , Integral University , Lucknow , India
| | - Irfan A Ansari
- a Department of Biosciences , Integral University , Lucknow , India
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Islam MT, Ali ES, Uddin SJ, Islam MA, Shaw S, Khan IN, Saravi SSS, Ahmad S, Rehman S, Gupta VK, Găman MA, Găman AM, Yele S, Das AK, de Castro E Sousa JM, de Moura Dantas SMM, Rolim HML, de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA, Mubarak MS, Yarla NS, Shilpi JA, Mishra SK, Atanasov AG, Kamal MA. Andrographolide, a diterpene lactone from Andrographis paniculata and its therapeutic promises in cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 420:129-145. [PMID: 29408515 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The diterpene lactone andrographolide, isolated from Andrographis paniculata, has been proven to possess several important protective biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiseptic, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, hypolipidemic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. In addition, it has been reported to play a therapeutic role in the treatment of major human diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and colitis. This systematic review aims to highlight andrographolide as a promising agent in cancer treatment. To this purpose, a number of databases were used to search for the cytotoxic/anticancer effects of andrographolide in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Among 1703 identified literature articles, 139 were included in this review; 109 were investigated as non-clinical, whereas 24, 3, and 3 were pre-clinical, clinical, and non-pre-clinical trials, respectively. Among the model systems, cultured cell lines appeared as the most frequently (79.14%) used, followed by in vivo models using rodents, among others. Furthermore, andrographolide was found to exert cytotoxic/anticancer effects on almost all types of cell lines with the underlying mechanisms involving oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, anti-inflammatory and immune system mediated effects, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, inhibition of cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion, anti-angiogenic activity, and other miscellaneous actions. After careful consideration of the relevant evidence, we suggest that andrographolide can be one of the potential agents in the treatment of cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam; Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj, 1400, Bangladesh
| | - Eunüs S Ali
- Gaco Pharmaceuticals and Research Laboratory, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Life Sciences, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md Amirul Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Life Sciences, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Subrata Shaw
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ishaq N Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25100, Pakistan
| | - Seyed Soheil Saeedi Saravi
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Bio-Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P., 226026, India
| | - Shahnawaz Rehman
- Department of Bio-Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P., 226026, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Amelia Maria Găman
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Center of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; Department of Haematology, Filantropia City Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Santosh Yele
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, India
| | - Asish Kumar Das
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Life Sciences, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Hercília Maria Lins Rolim
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanosystems (NANOSFAR), Postgraduate Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nagendra Sastry Yarla
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500003, T.N., India
| | - Jamil A Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Life Sciences, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Siddhartha Kumar Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (Zoology), Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, M.P., India
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia.
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Andrographolide enhances cisplatin-mediated anticancer effects in lung cancer cells through blockade of autophagy. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:967-976. [PMID: 28692436 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide and the platinum-based drugs such as cisplatin have been used as the first line of the treatment. However, the clinical effectiveness of such chemotherapy is limited by intrinsic or acquired resistance. In this study, we found that cisplatin induced autophagy that attenuated the sensitivity of both A549 and Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells to cisplatin. In contrast, the clinical drug andrographolide (Andro) suppressed autophagy and enhanced cisplatin-mediated apoptosis in these cells. Using two murine lung cancer models, including a subcutaneously inoculated LLC model and an orthotopic LLC implantation model, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the combined treatment of cisplatin and Andro. Compared with the sole cisplatin treatment, combining cisplatin with Andro potentially inhibited tumor growth, reduced the incidence of lung metastases, and relieved renal tubular damage. Moreover, the combined treatment prolonged the life span of tumor-bearing mice. TUNEL and immunohistochemistry assays showed the increase in apoptotic cells and the decrease in both conversion of LC3B-I to LC3B-II and Atg5 protein expression in the tumor tissues from mice with the combined treatment. These results suggest that Andro offers an ideal candidate of autophagy inhibitors in clinical application, and combination of cisplatin with Andro could be a promising strategy for the treatment of lung cancer.
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shRNA-mediated silencing of hTERT suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2017; 24:325-332. [PMID: 28799566 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aim to explore the effects of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) on the proliferation and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. After the synthesis of shRNA that target hTERT, osteosarcoma cells were assigned into three experimental groups-shRNA group, scramble group and blank group. The transcription and expressions of the hTERT gene in transfected cells were measured with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Cell proliferation in each group was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Cell cycle and rates of apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. Expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, caspase-9 and caspase-3, were detected by western blotting. Telomerase activity was measured by PCR enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results show that both the mRNA and protein expressions of hTERT were significantly lowered after the transfection of hTERT-shRNA. The proliferation capacity of transfected osteosarcoma MG-63, SaOS2 and U2OS cells in the shRNA group was lower than that in the blank group. We also found changes and differences in the amount of cells throughout the cell cycle. All cells in the G0/G1 phase increased in numbers, whereas the number of cells in the S phase were reduced, with elevated apoptosis rates. Expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, caspase-9 and caspase-3, were increased and telomerase activity was decreased in the transfected shRNA group (all P<0.05). Our results showed that shRNA targeting of the hTERT gene was able to inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by reducing the telomerase activity.
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Chassagne F, Deharo E, Punley H, Bourdy G. Treatment and management of liver diseases by Khmer traditional healers practicing in Phnom Penh area, Cambodia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 202:38-53. [PMID: 28284791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liver disorders are a major health problem in Cambodia, where some patients prefer to seek treatment from traditional healers. The aim of the study was to document the knowledge and practices of these healers in four Southern Cambodian provinces. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethnopharmacological survey was carried out from September 2015 to January 2016 in Cambodian urban and rural areas. Thirty-three Khmer traditional healers (KTH) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire including socio-demographic data, healer's formation and their professional practice conditions, perception of liver diseases (types and causes of liver disorders, diagnostic methods and symptoms of liver problems), dietary recommendations given to patients, and herbal remedies used to treat them. For each medicinal plant mentioned in herbal remedies, the local name, part of the plant, mode of preparation and administration, and their properties, according to the healers, were recorded. The plants mentioned by the traditional therapists were collected and later identified by specialists. RESULTS Different types of liver disease are identified by the healers, and diagnosis was mostly based on reading medical records, and by observing the yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes. A total of 42 herbal remedies including 83 medicinal plants belonging to 40 families were mentioned for treating liver disorders. The most predominant families were Leguminosae and Poaceae. Among the plants reported, Cananga latifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Smilax aff. glabra, Gomphrena celosioides, Passiflora foetida and Physalis minima were the most cited species. A large part of the herbal remedies used were multi-ingredient recipes, and were prepared mainly by a decoction administered orally. Plants are combined in multi-ingredient recipes, and selected on the basis of their properties (trocheak, psah, somrap mé rok, ktchol) which originate from Khmer medical concepts. Most of the plants used by healers have a wide ethnobotanical use for liver disorders, and have been studied for their hepatoprotective activity and related activities on the liver. CONCLUSION In the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases, KTH have incorporated biomedical concepts and new practices, which suggest that they could be defined as neotraditional healers. Medicinal plants constitute the core of traditional medicine practice by these healers, and these plants play a very important role in the health care of people with liver problems in Cambodia. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the integration of healers in national health care programs for the development of combined therapies. Furthermore, two plant species (i.e. Cananga latifolia and Willughbeia edulis) were found to be widely used for treating liver disorders in our survey, and should be studied for their pharmacological potential for liver problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Deharo
- UMR 152 Pharmadev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France.
| | - Hieng Punley
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
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Taxifolin synergizes Andrographolide-induced cell death by attenuation of autophagy and augmentation of caspase dependent and independent cell death in HeLa cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171325. [PMID: 28182713 PMCID: PMC5300218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide (Andro) has emerged recently as a potential and effective anticancer agent with induction of apoptosis in some cancer cell lines while induction of G2/M arrest with weak apoptosis in others. Few studies have proved that Andro is also effective in combination therapy. The flavonoid Taxifolin (Taxi) has showed anti-oxidant and antiproliferative effects against different cancer cells. Therefore, the present study investigated the cytotoxic effects of Andro alone or in combination with Taxi on HeLa cells. The combination of Andro with Taxi was synergistic at all tested concentrations and combination ratios. Andro alone induced caspase-dependent apoptosis which was enhanced by the combination with Taxi and attenuated partly by using Z-Vad-Fmk. Andro induced a protective reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent autophagy which was attenuated by Taxi. The activation of p53 was involved in Andro-induced autophagy where the use of Taxi or pifithrin-α (PFT-α) decreased it while the activation of JNK was involved in the cell death of HeLa cells but not in the induction of autophagy. The mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization (MOMP) plays an important role in Andro-induced cell death in HeLa cells. Andro alone increased the MOMP which was further increased in the case of combination. This led to the increase in AIF and cytochrome c release from mitochondria which consequently increased caspase-dependent and independent cell death. In conclusion, Andro induced a protective autophagy in HeLa cells which was reduced by Taxi and the cell death was increased by increasing the MOMP and subsequently the caspase-dependent and independent cell death.
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Mi S, Xiang G, Yuwen D, Gao J, Guo W, Wu X, Wu X, Sun Y, Su Y, Shen Y, Xu Q. Inhibition of autophagy by andrographolide resensitizes cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung carcinoma cells via activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 310:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Sanwal CS, Kumar R, Bhardwaj SD. Integration of Andrographis paniculata as Potential Medicinal Plant in Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.) Plantation of North-Western Himalaya. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:2049532. [PMID: 27563482 PMCID: PMC4983664 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2049532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The integration of Andrographis paniculata under Pinus roxburghii (Chir pine) plantation has been studied to evaluate the growth and yield for its economic viability and conservation. It was grown on three topographical aspects, namely, northern, north-western, and western, at a spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm, followed by three tillage depths, namely, minimum (0 cm), medium (up to 10 cm), and deep (up to 15 cm) tillage. The growth parameters, namely, plant height and number of branches per plant, were recorded as significantly higher on western aspect and lowest on northern aspect except for leaf area index which was found nonsignificant. However under all tillage practices all the growth parameters in both understorey and open conditions were found to be nonsignificant except for plant height which was found to be significantly highest under deep tillage and lowest under minimum tillage. The study of net returns for Andrographis paniculata revealed that it had positive average annual returns even in understorey conditions which indicate its possible economic viability under integration of Chir pine plantations. Hence net returns can be enhanced by integrating Andrographis paniculata and this silvimedicinal system can be suggested which will help utilizing an unutilized part of land and increase total productivity from such lands besides conservation of the A. paniculata in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raj Kumar
- ICAR-IISWC, Research Center, Vasad, Anand, Gujarat 388306, India
| | - S. D. Bhardwaj
- Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 032, India
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The altered microRNA profile in andrographolide-induced inhibition of hepatoma tumor growth. Gene 2016; 588:124-33. [PMID: 27182051 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play critical roles in regulating gene expression in tumor development. Natural compound andrographolide (Andro), isolated from medicinal herb Andrographis paniculata, was reported to inhibit hepatoma tumor growth in our previous studies. The present study aims to observe the altered miRNAs profile and related signaling pathways involved in Andro-induced inhibition on hepatoma tumor growth. RESULTS The inhibition on hepatoma tumor growth induced by Andro (10mg/kg) was found in a xenograft mouse tumor model in vivo. The results of miRNAs chip analysis showed that the expression of 22 miRNAs was increased, whereas the expression of other 10 miRNAs was decreased after Andro treatment. Further, the increased expression of miR-222-3p, miR-106b-5p, miR-30b-5p, and miR-23a-5p was confirmed in hepatoma Hep3B and SMCC7721 cells in vitro after cells were treated with Andro (50μM) for the indicated time. Functional annotation of the target genes based on the differentially expressed miRNAs demonstrated that the majority of the genes were involved in a variety of signaling pathways, including miRNAs in cancer, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPAKs), focal adhesion. Furthermore, the expression of 24 target genes (total 31) involved in above signaling pathways based on miRNAs analysis was found to be consistent with the alteration of miRNAs. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that Andro alters the expression of miRNAs profile and downstream signals, which may contribute to its inhibition on hepatoma tumor growth.
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Osathanunkul M, Suwannapoom C, Khamyong N, Pintakum D, Lamphun SN, Triwitayakorn K, Osathanunkul K, Madesis P. Hybrid analysis (barcode-high resolution melting) for authentication of Thai herbal products, Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:S71-5. [PMID: 27041863 PMCID: PMC4792004 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.176112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andrographis paniculata Nees is a medicinal plant with multiple pharmacological properties. It has been used over many centuries as a household remedy. A. paniculata products sold on the markets are in processed forms so it is difficult to authenticate. Therefore buying the herbal products poses a high-risk of acquiring counterfeited, substituted and/or adulterated products. Due to these issues, a reliable method to authenticate products is needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS High resolution melting analysis coupled with DNA barcoding (Bar-HRM) was applied to detect adulteration in commercial herbal products. The rbcL barcode was selected to use in primers design for HRM analysis to produce standard melting profile of A. paniculata species. DNA of the tested commercial products was isolated and their melting profiles were then generated and compared with the standard A. paniculata. RESULTS The melting profiles of the rbcL amplicons of the three closely related herbal species (A. paniculata, Acanthus ebracteatus and Rhinacanthus nasutus) are clearly separated so that they can be distinguished by the developed method. The method was then used to authenticate commercial herbal products. HRM curves of all 10 samples tested are similar to A. paniculata which indicated that all tested products were contained the correct species as labeled. CONCLUSION The method described in this study has been proved to be useful in aiding identification and/or authenticating A. paniculata. This Bar-HRM analysis has allowed us easily to determine the A. paniculata species in herbal products on the markets even they are in processed forms. SUMMARY We propose the use of DNA barcoding combined with High Resolution Melting analysis for authenticating of Andrographis paniculata products.The developed method can be used regardless of the type of the DNA template (fresh or dried tissue, leaf, and stem).rbcL region was chosen for the analysis and work well with our samplesWe can easily determine the A. paniculata species in herbal products tested. Abbreviations used: bp: Base pair, Tm: Melting temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maslin Osathanunkul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chatmongkon Suwannapoom
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Nuttaluck Khamyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Danupol Pintakum
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Santisuk Na Lamphun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Kitisak Osathanunkul
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Panagiotis Madesis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, 6 km Charilaou-Thermis Road, Thermi, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
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Guo H, Zhang Z, Su Z, Sun C, Zhang X, Zhao X, Lai X, Su Z, Li Y, Zhan JY. Enhanced anti-tumor activity and reduced toxicity by combination andrographolide and bleomycin in ascitic tumor-bearing mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 776:52-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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SRJ09, a promising anticancer drug lead: Elucidation of mechanisms of antiproliferative and apoptogenic effects and assessment of in vivo antitumor efficacy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:66-78. [PMID: 26940565 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SRJ09 (3,19-(2-bromobenzylidene)andrographolide), a semisynthetic andrographolide (AGP) derivative, was shown to induce G1 cell cycle arrest and eventually apoptosis in breast and colon cancer cell lines. The present investigation was carried out to elucidate the mechanisms cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and evaluate the in vivo antitumor activity of SRJ09. The in vitro growth inhibitory properties of compounds were assessed in colon (HCT-116) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines. Immunoblotting was utilized to quantitate the protein levels in cells. The gene expressions were determined using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Pharmacokinetic investigation was carried out by determining SRJ09 levels in plasma of Balb/C mice using HPLC. In vivo antitumor activity was evaluated in athymic mice carrying HCT-116 colon tumor xenografts. SRJ09 displayed improved in vitro activity when compared with AGP by producing rapid cell killing effect in vitro. Its activity was not compromised in MES-SA/Dx5 multidrug resistant (MDR) cells expressing p-glycoprotein. Cells treated with SRJ09 (0.1-10μM) displayed increased p21 protein level, which corresponded with gene expression. Whereas CDK4 protein level and gene expression was suppressed. The treatment did not affect cyclin D1. Changes of these proteins paralleled G1 cell cycle arrest in both cell lines as determined by flow cytometry. Induction of apoptosis by SRJ09 in HCT-116 cells which occurred independent of p53 and bcl-2 was inhibited in the presence of caspase 8 inhibitor, implicating the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. A single dose (100mg/kg, i.p) of SRJ09 produced a plasma concentration range of 12-30.4μM. At 400mg/kg (q4dX3), it significantly retarded growth of tumor xenografts. The antitumor activity of SRJ09 is suggested mediated via the induction of p21 expression and suppression of CDK-4 expression without affecting cyclin D1 to trigger G1 arrest leading to apoptosis.
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Amini N, Abdul Majid FA, Marvibaigi M, Supriyanto E, Jaganathan SK, Tet Soon W, Nasiri R, Hamzehalipour J. Cervicare™ induces apoptosis in HeLa and CaSki cells through ROS production and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25654b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of Cervicare™, a poly-herbal preparation comprised of the combination of 6 plants, on cell proliferation and apoptosis using cervical cancer HeLa and CaSki cells was investigated for the first time in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Amini
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Fadzilah Adibah Abdul Majid
- Dept. of Bioprocess Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology
| | - Mohsen Marvibaigi
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | | | - Wong Tet Soon
- Dept. of Bioprocess Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Rozita Nasiri
- Dept. of Bioprocess Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Javad Hamzehalipour
- Dept. of Bioprocess Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
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α-Hispanolol sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via death receptor up-regulation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 286:168-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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40
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Chen CC, Wu ML, Doerksen RJ, Ho CT, Huang TC. Andrographolide induces apoptosis via down-regulation of glyoxalase 1 and HMG-CoA reductase in HL-60 cells. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Ji L, Zheng Z, Shi L, Huang Y, Lu B, Wang Z. Andrographolide decreased VEGFD expression in hepatoma cancer cells by inducing ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated cFos protein degradation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:750-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Chakraborty D, Maity A, Jain CK, Hazra A, Bharitkar YP, Jha T, Majumder HK, Roychoudhury S, Mondal NB. Cytotoxic potential of dispirooxindolo/acenaphthoquino andrographolide derivatives against MCF-7 cell line. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00469h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dispiro andrographolides induce a caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death pathway in breast cancer (MCF-7) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjana Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Arindam Maity
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Chetan K. Jain
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Abhijit Hazra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Yogesh P. Bharitkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- PO Box No. 17020
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata-700 032
| | - Hemanta K. Majumder
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Nirup B. Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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Zhou J, Hu SE, Tan SH, Cao R, Chen Y, Xia D, Zhu X, Yang XF, Ong CN, Shen HM. Andrographolide sensitizes cisplatin-induced apoptosis via suppression of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in human cancer cells. Autophagy 2014; 8:338-49. [DOI: 10.4161/auto.18721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Wong CC, Sagineedu SR, Sumon SH, Sidik SM, Phillips R, Lajis NH, Stanslas J. NCI in vitro and in silico anticancer screen, cell cycle pertubation and apoptosis-inducing potential of new acylated, benzylidene and isopropylidene derivatives of andrographolide. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:489-501. [PMID: 25168151 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide (AGP) is the main bioactive constituent isolated from the traditional medicinal, Andrographis paniculata which contributes towards its various biological activities, including anticancer property. In this study, a series of new AGP derivatives were semi-synthesised and screened against the NCI in vitro 60 cell lines. From the screening results, we had identified SRS07 as the most potent AGP derivative, against breast and colon cancer cell lines. Subsequently, SRS07 was tested for its capability to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 and HCT116 cancer cells. SRS07 effectively induced G1 cell cycle arrest in both cell lines and ultimately apoptosis by inducing DNA fragmentation in HCT116 cells. The apoptotic cell death induced by SRS07 was confirmed via FITC Annexin-V double staining. Western blot analysis of SRS07-treated HCT116 cells revealed that the compound induced apoptosis be activating caspase 8 which in turn cleaved Bid to t-Bid to initiate cell death cascade. Prediction of the possible mode of action of SRS07 by utilising NCI COMPARE analysis failed to reveal a distinct mechanism category. Hence, it is speculated that SRS07 possesses novel mechanism of action. In conclusion, SRS07 demonstrated superior in vitro anticancer profiles and emerged as a potential lead anticancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charng Choon Wong
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasa Rao Sagineedu
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shariful Hasan Sumon
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shiran Mohamad Sidik
- Histopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roger Phillips
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Nordin H Lajis
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
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Hu T, He XW, Jiang JG. Functional analyses on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects of extracts and compounds from Ilex latifolia Thunb., a Chinese bitter tea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8608-8615. [PMID: 25118953 DOI: 10.1021/jf501670v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ilex latifolia Thunb., widely distributed in China, has been used as a functional food and drunk for a long time. This study was aimed to identify the bioactive constituents with antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. I. latifolia was extracted with 95% ethanol and then partitioned into four fractions: petroleum ether fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction, and water fraction. Results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction was found to have significant ferric reducing antioxidant power activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity, cytotoxicity against human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells, and inhibitory effect on NO production in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Five compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction, and they were identified as ethyl caffeate (1), ursolic acid (2), chlorogenic acid (3), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (4), and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (5), the last two of which were isolated for the first time from I. latifolia. Compounds 4 and 5 exhibited cytotoxicity actions against tumor cell line. Compound 3 showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity of all the compounds. The results obtained in this work might contribute to the understanding of biological activities of I. latifolia and further investigation on its potential application values for food and drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
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Han EB, Chang BY, Jung YS, Kim SY. Lantana camara Induces Apoptosis by Bcl-2 Family and Caspases Activation. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 21:325-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lin KW, Huang AM, Lin CC, Chang CC, Hsu WC, Hour TC, Pu YS, Lin CN. Anti-cancer effects of ursane triterpenoid as a single agent and in combination with cisplatin in bladder cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:742-51. [PMID: 24933647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ursolic acid and most of its derivatives are cytotoxic to bladder cancer cells. An ursolic acid derivative, isopropyl 3β-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oat (UA17), previously reported that it exhibited potent cytotoxicity against bladder cancer cells, NTUB1 cells. In this study, we further investigated the underlying mechanism of UA17 and evaluated its potential clinical use. UA17 may exert the onset of a p53-mediated p38 MAPK activation to up-regulate GADD153. GADD153, in turn, down-regulated Bcl-2 protein to cause mitochondrial membrane potential loss and apoptosis through intracellular ROS generation. In addition, UA17 markedly decreased the levels of cyclins (D1 and E), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK2 and CDK4), and caused increase of p21 and p27 levels. To assess the suitability of UA17 as a chemotherapeutic agent against NTUB1 cells, its cytotoxic effects have been further evaluated in the combination with cisplatin. The addition of UA17 to cisplatin induces possibly additive cell growth inhibition which correlated to the accumulation of S phase cells and a corresponding decrease in accumulation of G1 phase cells, accompanied an increased accumulation of sub-G1 phase cells. Furthermore, UA17/cisplatin combination exhibited increase of p21, cyclin E, and p-p53 level, and decrease of p27 and cyclin D1 proteins, and slightly diminishing the level of CDK2. P-p38 up-regulation induced by UA17/cisplatin combination through generation of ROS and Bcl-2 down-regulation induced by UA17/cisplatin combination increased cell death. Finally, the antitumorigenic effects of UA17 or UA17/cisplatin combination were further supported by their inhibition on growth of bladder tumor cells in a therapeutic murine MBT-2 bladder tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wei Lin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - A-Mei Huang
- Department of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chen Lin
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Che Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsiung University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tzyh-Chyuan Hour
- Department of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Lin
- Faculty of Fragrance and Cosmetics, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Chao X, Zhou X, Zheng G, Dong C, Zhang W, Song X, Jin T. Osthole induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:544-550. [PMID: 24236568 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.850517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Osthole [7-methoxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) coumarin] isolated from the fruit of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss, one of the commonly used Chinese medicines listed in the Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica in the Han Dynasty, had remarkable antiproliferative activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells in culture. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effects of osthole on cell growth, nuclear morphology, cell cycle distribution, and expression of apoptosis-related proteins in HepG2 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxic activity of osthole was determined by the MTT assay at various concentrations ranging from 0.004 to 1.0 µmol/ml in HepG2 cells. Cell morphology was assessed by Hoechst staining and fluorescence microscopy. Apoptosis and cell-cycle distribution was determined by annexin V staining and flow cytometry. Apoptotic protein levels were assessed by Western blot. RESULTS Osthole exhibited significant inhibition of the survival of HepG2 cells and the half inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values were 0.186, 0.158 and 0.123 µmol/ml at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Cells treated with osthole at concentrations of 0, 0.004, 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5 μmol/ml showed a statistically significant increase in the G2/M fraction accompanied by a decrease in the G0/G1 fraction. The increase of apoptosis induced by osthole was correlated with down-regulation expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and up-regulation expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and p53 proteins. CONCLUSION Osthole had significant growth inhibitory activity and the pro-apoptotic effect of osthole is mediated through the activation of caspases and mitochondria in HepG2 cells. Results suggest that osthole has promising therapeutic potential against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chao
- The College of Preclinical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xianyang , P.R. China
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Andrographia paniculata a Miracle Herbs for cancer treatment: In vivo and in vitro studies against Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Lin HH, Shi MD, Tseng HC, Chen JH. Andrographolide sensitizes the cytotoxicity of human colorectal carcinoma cells toward cisplatin via enhancing apoptosis pathways in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Sci 2014; 139:108-20. [PMID: 24563380 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide (Andro), a diterpenoid lactone isolated from a traditional herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata, has been shown to suppress the growth and invasion of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) Lovo cells, and trigger apoptosis in vitro. The potential of Andro as a chemotherapeutic agent in CRC was evaluated by investigating its cytotoxic effects as a single agent or in coadministration with cisplatin (CDDP). Andro potentiated the cytotoxic effect of CDDP in Lovo cells through apoptosis. The molecular mechanism for these favorable cellular response was further investigated by analyzing the apoptotic profiles, protein levels, and mRNA expression patterns of several key genes after treatments of Andro or/and CDDP. Molecular results indicated that the effect of Andro alone might be mediated via both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in Lovo cells. The addition of Andro to CDDP induced synergistic apoptosis, which could be corroborated to the changes in protein and mRNA levels of Bax and Bcl-2, and the increased Fas/FasL association in these cells, resulting in increased release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspases. Pretreatment of Nok-1 monoclonal antibody, a Fas signaling inhibitor, or Bax inhibitor peptide V5 repressed the Andro-induced cleavage of procaspase and the sensitization to CDDP-induced apoptosis. Finally, the combination therapy of Andro with CDDP was evidenced by its synergistic inhibition on the growth of Lovo cells in xenograft tumor studies. The results indicate that Andro, in combination with chemotherapeutics, is likely to represent a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hsuan Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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