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Qi L, Wang L, Jin M, Jiang M, Li L, Li Y. Caspase-6 is a key regulator of cross-talk signal way in PANoptosis in cancer. Immunology 2023. [PMID: 36814103 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (caspase)-6 belongs to the caspase family and plays a vital role in mediating cell death. Under certain conditions, three pathways of programmed cell death (PCD), including apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis (PANoptosis), transform one way into another, with enormous therapeutic potential. Initially, scholars reported that caspase-6 is a caspase executor that mediates apoptosis. With the ceaseless exploration of the PCD types, studies have demonstrated that caspase-6 mediates pyroptosis by regulating gasdermin D and mediates necroptosis by regulating mixed lineage kinase domain-like. By regulating PANoptosis, caspase-6 plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis in humans and mediates anti-tumour immunity. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of caspase-6 function in cancer via PANoptosis is important for the prevention and therapy of tumours. This article summarized the function of caspase-6 in PANoptosis and its impact on cancer development, providing targets and strategies for tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengru Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxia Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lisha Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanjing Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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2
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Emfinger CH, de Klerk E, Schueler KL, Rabaglia ME, Stapleton DS, Simonett SP, Mitok KA, Wang Z, Liu X, Paulo JA, Yu Q, Cardone RL, Foster HR, Lewandowski SL, Perales JC, Kendziorski CM, Gygi SP, Kibbey RG, Keller MP, Hebrok M, Merrins MJ, Attie AD. β Cell-specific deletion of Zfp148 improves nutrient-stimulated β cell Ca2+ responses. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e154198. [PMID: 35603790 PMCID: PMC9220824 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells is essential for glucose homeostasis. An insufficient response to the demand for insulin results in diabetes. We previously showed that β cell-specific deletion of Zfp148 (β-Zfp148KO) improves glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in mice. Here, we performed Ca2+ imaging of islets from β‑Zfp148KO and control mice fed both a chow and a Western-style diet. β-Zfp148KO islets demonstrated improved sensitivity and sustained Ca2+ oscillations in response to elevated glucose levels. β-Zfp148KO islets also exhibited elevated sensitivity to amino acid-induced Ca2+ influx under low glucose conditions, suggesting enhanced mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent (PEP-dependent), ATP-sensitive K+ channel closure, independent of glycolysis. RNA-Seq and proteomics of β-Zfp148KO islets revealed altered levels of enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism (specifically, SLC3A2, SLC7A8, GLS, GLS2, PSPH, PHGDH, and PSAT1) and intermediary metabolism (namely, GOT1 and PCK2), consistent with altered PEP cycling. In agreement with this, β-Zfp148KO islets displayed enhanced insulin secretion in response to l-glutamine and activation of glutamate dehydrogenase. Understanding pathways controlled by ZFP148 may provide promising strategies for improving β cell function that are robust to the metabolic challenge imposed by a Western diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathryn L. Schueler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mary E. Rabaglia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Donnie S. Stapleton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shane P. Simonett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kelly A. Mitok
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Cardone
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hannah R. Foster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sophie L. Lewandowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - José C. Perales
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christina M. Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard G. Kibbey
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mark P. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Matthew J. Merrins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alan D. Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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3
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Moon Y, Korcsmáros T, Nagappan A, Ray N. MicroRNA target-based network predicts androgen receptor-linked mycotoxin stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113130. [PMID: 34968797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stress-responsive microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the regulation of cellular homeostasis or pathological processes, including carcinogenesis, by reprogramming target gene expression following human exposure to environmental or dietary xenobiotics. Herein, we predicted the targets of carcinogenic mycotoxin-responsive miRNAs and analyzed their association with disease and functionality. miRNA target-derived prediction indicated potent associations of oncogenic mycotoxin exposure with metabolism- or hormone-related diseases, including sex hormone-linked cancers. Mechanistically, the signaling network evaluation suggested androgen receptor (AR)-linked signaling as a common pivotal cluster associated with metabolism- or hormone-related tumorigenesis in response to aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A co-exposure. Particularly, high levels of AR and AR-linked genes for the retinol and xenobiotic metabolic enzymes were positively associated with attenuated disease biomarkers and good prognosis in patients with liver or kidney cancers. Moreover, AR-linked signaling was protective against OTA-induced genetic insults in human hepatocytes whereas it was positively involved in AFB1-induced genotoxic actions. Collectively, miRNA target network-based predictions provide novel clinical insights into the progression or intervention against malignant adverse outcomes of human exposure to environmental oncogenic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuseok Moon
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program of Genomic Data Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tamás Korcsmáros
- Earlham Institute, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Arulkumar Nagappan
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Navin Ray
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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4
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Wang N, Li MY, Liu Y, Yu J, Ren J, Zheng Z, Wang S, Yang S, Yang SL, Liu LP, Hu BG, Chong CC, Merchant JL, Lai PB, Chen GG. ZBP-89 negatively regulates self-renewal of liver cancer stem cells via suppression of Notch1 signaling pathway. Cancer Lett 2019; 472:70-80. [PMID: 31874246 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) initiate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and contribute to its recurrence and treatment resistance. Studies have suggested ZBP-89 as a candidate tumor suppressor in HCC. We explored the role of ZBP-89 in the regulation of LCSCs. This study was performed in liver tissue samples from 104 HCC patients, 2 cell lines and mouse tumor models. We demonstrated that ZBP-89 was weakly expressed in LCSCs. Patients with high expression of LCSC markers displayed reduced survivals and higher recurrence rates after curative surgical operation. The expression of ZBP-89 was predictive for decreased recurrence. LCSC markers were negatively correlated with ZBP-89 in HCC tissues and in enriched liver tumor spheres. The exogenous expression of ZBP-89 attenuated the tumor-sphere formation and secondary colony formation capabilities of LCSCs in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, the negative effect of ZBP-89 on cancer stemness was Notch1-dependent. Localized with Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1) in the nucleus, ZBP-89 repressed the Notch1 signaling pathway by competitive binding to NICD1 with MAML1. Collectively, ZBP-89 negatively regulates HCC stemness via inhibiting the Notch1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuozhou Wang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Yue Li
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianqing Yu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianwei Ren
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shucai Yang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng-Li Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bao-Guang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Charing Cn Chong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juanita L Merchant
- Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, PO Box 245028, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5028, USA
| | - Paul Bs Lai
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - George Gong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Wang N, Wang S, Yang SL, Liu LP, Li MY, Lai PBS, Chen GG. Targeting ZBP-89 for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:817-822. [PMID: 30142986 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1516753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuozhou Wang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheng-li Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-ping Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ming-yue Li
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Guangdong, China
| | - Paul B. S. Lai
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - George G. Chen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Guangdong, China
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6
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Mortezaee K. Human hepatocellular carcinoma: Protection by melatonin. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6486-6508. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
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7
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Ye YC, Wang HJ, Chen L, Liu WW, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Xia MY, Ikejima T. Negatively-regulated necroptosis by autophagy required caspase-6 activation in TNFα-treated murine fibrosarcoma L929 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:548-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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8
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Gao XH, Liu QZ, Chang W, Xu XD, Du Y, Han Y, Liu Y, Yu ZQ, Zuo ZG, Xing JJ, Cao G, Fu CG. Expression of ZNF148 in different developing stages of colorectal cancer and its prognostic value: a large Chinese study based on tissue microarray. Cancer 2013; 119:2212-22. [PMID: 23576061 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been speculated that zinc finger protein 148 (ZNF148) is a tumor suppressor. However, to the authors' knowledge, little is known about the clinical significance of ZNF148 expression in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The objective of the current study was to clarify the association between ZNF148 expression and the postoperative prognosis of patients with CRC. METHODS Tissue microarrays containing 56 normal mucosa, 51 adenoma, 742 CRC (TNM stage I-IV), 16 familial adenomatous polyposis, and 21 metastatic CRC specimens were examined immunohistochemically for ZNF148 expression. RESULTS Expression of ZNF148 was found to increase consecutively from normal mucosa to stage I CRC, and then decreased consecutively from stage I to stage IV CRC. Lower expression of ZNF148 in tumors was found to be significantly associated with lymph node metastases, advanced TNM disease stage, poor differentiation, higher rate of disease recurrence, worse overall survival (OS), and shorter disease-free survival. High expression of ZNF148 was also associated with improved OS (P = .025) and disease-free survival (P = .042) in patients with stages II to III CRC. On multivariate Cox analysis, lower ZNF148 expression in tumors, advanced TNM stage, colon cancer, and elevated serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were found to be significant factors for a worse OS. In 16 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, ZNF148 expression was upregulated at steps toward carcinogenesis. In 21 patients with metastatic CRC, although ZNF148 expression was higher in primary tumors compared with adjacent mucosa, its expression in metastatic tumors was significantly lower than that in primary tumors. CONCLUSIONS Although ZNF148 expression is related to colorectal carcinogenesis, high ZNF148 expression in patients with CRC appears to be inversely associated with malignant phenotypes and may serve as a significant prognostic factor after surgery for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Hua Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Brito AF, Abrantes AM, Pinto-Costa C, Gomes AR, Mamede AC, Casalta-Lopes J, Gonçalves AC, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Tralhão JG, Botelho MF. Hepatocellular carcinoma and chemotherapy: the role of p53. Chemotherapy 2012; 58:381-6. [PMID: 23257706 DOI: 10.1159/000343656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary neoplasm of the liver. A major proportion of HCCs also present mutation of the gene that encodes p53, which confers chemoresistance. The main goal of this work is to investigate the effect of cisplatin, doxorubicin and 5-fluoruracil (5-FU) in three human HCC cell lines which differ in p53 expression. METHODS HepG2 (expressing normal p53), HuH7 (expressing mutated p53) and Hep3B2.1-7 (not expressing p53) cell lines were cultivated in the presence of cisplatin, doxorubicin and 5-FU. Cell proliferation was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (MTT assay). The type of cell death and Bax and Bcl2 activation were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS It was found that for all of the cell lines studied, the agent that gave the most satisfactory results was doxorubicin. 5-FU demonstrated no activity in these cell lines. CONCLUSIONS For all the cell lines studied, doxorubicin was the most satisfactory agent. In HepG2 and HuH7 cell lines, it can activate Bax with statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Brito
- Biophysics Unit, IBILI - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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10
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Tsai SC, Yang JS, Peng SF, Lu CC, Chiang JH, Chung JG, Lin MW, Lin JK, Amagaya S, Wai-Shan Chung C, Tung TT, Huang WW, Tseng MT. Bufalin increases sensitivity to AKT/mTOR-induced autophagic cell death in SK-HEP-1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:1431-42. [PMID: 22858649 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bufalin is the major component of Chan-Su (a traditional Chinese medicine, TCM) extracts from the venom of Bufo bufo gargarizan. In the present study, we investigated the pharmacological mechanisms of cell cycle arrest and autophagic cell death induced by bufalin in SK-HEP-1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. Bufalin inhibited cell survival by MTT assay and increased cell death by trypan blue exclusion assay in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, bufalin induced G2/M phase arrest by reducing CDK1 activity. Bufalin triggered DNA fragmentation and apoptotic cell death in SK-HEP-1 cells by DNA gel electrophoresis, TUNEL and caspase-3 activity assay, while bufalin induced autophagic cell death by double-membrane vacuoles (transmission electron microscopy, TEM), acidic vesicular organelles (acridine orange staining) and cleavage of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3). Protein expression levels of cyclin A and B, CDK1, phospho-CDK1 (Thr161), Cdc25c, phospho-Cdc25c (Ser198), phospho-AKT (Thr308), phospho-AKT (Ser473), phospho‑mTOR (Ser2481) were downregulated. In contrast, protein expression levels of the Chk1, Wee1, LC3-II, Beclin-1, Atg 5, Atg 7 and Atg 12 were upregulated in SK-HEP-1 cells after bufalin treatment. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (an inhibitor of class III phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase; 3-MA) or bafilomycin A1 (an inhibitor of the vacuolar proton pump of lysosomes and endosomes) reduced the effect of bufalin on cell viability and enhanced the effect of bufalin on apoptosis. In conclusion, bufalin triggered autophagic cell death and G2/M phase arrest through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in SK-HEP-1 cells. Our findings showed that bufalin may be potentially efficacious in the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chang Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
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11
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Zhang H, Chen GG, Zhang Z, Chun S, Leung BCS, Lai PBS. Induction of autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by SB203580 requires activation of AMPK and DAPK but not p38 MAPK. Apoptosis 2012; 17:325-34. [PMID: 22170404 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SB203580 is a well-known inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, it can suppress cell proliferation in a p38 MAPK independent manner. The inhibitory mechanism remains unknown. Here, we showed that SB203580 induced autophagy in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. SB203580 increased GFP-LC3-positive cells with GFP-LC3 dots, induced accumulation of autophagosomes, and elevated the levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 and Beclin 1. It stimulated the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p53, but inhibited the phosphorylation of death-associated protein kinase (DAPK). Inhibition of AMPK, p53, or DAPK attenuated SB203580-induced autophagy. AMPK activation appeared to predate the DAPK signal. The activation of both AMPK and DAPK prompted the phosphorylation of p53 and enhanced Beclin 1 expression. Neither the downregulation of p38 MAPK by its siRNA or chemical inhibitor nor the upregulation of p38 MAPK by p38 MAPK DNA transfection affected B203580-induced autophagy. Collectively, the findings demonstrate a novel function of SB203580 to induce autophagy via activating AMPK and DAPK but independent of p38 MAPK. The induction of autophagy can thus account for the antiproliferative effect of SB203580 in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, China
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12
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Zhang CZY, Cao Y, Yun JP, Chen GG, Lai PBS. Increased expression of ZBP-89 and its prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Histopathology 2012; 60:1114-24. [PMID: 22372401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS ZBP-89 plays a role in cell growth and death. Its expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well documented. This study aimed to analyse ZBP-89 expression in HCC. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined ZBP-89 expression in five HCC cell lines and 182 HCC tissue samples by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Our results showed that the expression of ZBP-89 was higher in HCC than adjacent non-tumour liver, at both mRNA and protein levels. ZBP-89 was localized in the nucleus in most HCC tissue samples, but was found in the cytoplasm in 11.5% of cases. Patient survival in those tumours showing high ZBP-89 expression was better than in those with low expression. High ZBP-89 expression tended to be more common in World Health Organization (WHO) grade I than grades II-IV HCC. There was a significant association between HBV positivity and high ZBP-89 expression. Colony formation was reduced dramatically in those HCC cell lines in which ZBP-89 overexpression was demonstrated; this appeared to correlate with increased apoptosis, inferred by finding elevated levels of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARP), the probable mechanisms for which may involve increased p53 or p21 expression. CONCLUSIONS ZBP-89 has anti-tumour properties and is a potential biomarker for prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Z Y Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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13
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Promoter cloning and characterization of the human programmed cell death protein 4 (pdcd4) gene: evidence for ZBP-89 and Sp-binding motifs as essential Pdcd4 regulators. Biosci Rep 2012; 32:281-97. [DOI: 10.1042/bsr20110045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pdcd4 (programmed cell death protein 4) is an important novel tumour suppressor inhibiting transformation, translation, invasion and intravasation, and its expression is down-regulated in several cancers. However, little is known about the transcriptional regulation and the promoter of this important tumour suppressor. So far the following is the first comprehensive study to describe the regulation of Pdcd4 transcription by ZBP-89 (zinc-finger-binding protein 89), besides characterizing the gene promoter. We identified the transcriptional start sites of the human pdcd4 promoter, a functional CCAAT-box, and the basal promoter region. Within this basal region, computer-based analysis revealed several potential binding sites for ZBPs, especially for Sp (specificity protein) family members and ZBP-89. We identified four Sp1/Sp3/Sp4-binding elements to be indispensable for basal promoter activity. However, overexpression of Sp1 and Sp3 was not sufficient to enhance Pdcd4 protein expression. Analysis in different solid cancer cell lines showed a significant correlation between pdcd4 and zbp-89 mRNA amounts. In contrast with Sp transcription factors, overexpression of ZBP-89 led to an enhanced expression of Pdcd4 mRNA and protein. Additionally, specific knockdown of ZBP-89 resulted in a decreased pdcd4 gene expression. Reporter gene analysis showed a significant up-regulation of basal promoter activity by co-transfection with ZBP-89, which could be abolished by mithramycin treatment. Predicted binding of ZBP-89 to the basal promoter was confirmed by EMSA (electrophoretic mobility-shift assay) data and supershift analysis for ZBP-89. Taken together, data for the first time implicate ZBP-89 as a regulator of Pdcd4 by binding to the basal promoter either alone or by interacting with Sp family members.
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Zhang CZY, Chen GG, Merchant JL, Lai PBS. Interaction between ZBP-89 and p53 mutants and its contribution to effects of HDACi on hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:322-34. [PMID: 22214764 DOI: 10.4161/cc.11.2.18758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ZBP-89, a zinc finger transcription factor, participates in histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACi)-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. p53 mutants may interact with ZBP-89 that transcriptionally regulates p21(Waf1) (p21). However, this interaction and its consequence in cancer treatments are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that ZBP‑89 is essentially required in HDACi-mediated p21 upregulation in hepetocellular carcinoma (HCC). Overexpression of ZBP-89 protein enhanced the lethal effectiveness of Trichostatin A (TSA). p53 mutant p53(G245D), but not p53(R249S), directly bound to ZBP-89 and prevented its translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus. Furthermore, p53(G245D) was shown to have a similar pattern of subcellular localization to ZBP-89 in tissues of HCC patients in Hong Kong. Functionally, the cytoplasmic accumulation of ZBP-89 by p53(G245D) significantly abrogated the induction of p21 caused by sodium butyrate (NaB) treatment and protected cells from TSA-induced death. The activations of several apoptotic proteins, such as Bid and PARP, were involved in p53(G245D)-mediated protection. Moreover, the resistance to HDACi in p53(G245D)-expressing cells was reversed by overexpression of ZBP-89. Taken together, these data suggest a potential mechanism via which mutant p53 enables tumor cells to resist chemotherapy and, therefore, establish a plausible link between mutant p53 binding to ZBP-89 and a decreased chemosensitivity of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Z Y Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT Hong Kong
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Chen GG, Leung J, Liang NC, Li L, Wu K, Chan UPF, Leung BCS, Li M, Du J, Deng YF, Gong X, Lv Y, Chak ECW, Lai PBS. Ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic-acid inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo via stabilizing IkBα. Invest New Drugs 2012; 30:2210-8. [PMID: 22227815 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ent-11-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic-acid (5F) isolated from Pteris Semipinnata L is known to inhibit certain tumor cells in vitro. The information on the in vivo effect of 5F is limited and its effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. In this study, the anti-tumor effect of 5F was investigated in a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced mouse HCC model. In addition to therapeutic effect, the potential side effect was monitored. A panel of cultured HCC cells was used to confirm the in vivo data and explore the responsible molecular pathway. The result showed that 5F significantly inhibited the DEN-induced HCC tumors by reducing the number of tumor foci and the volume of tumors. Furthermore, 5F induced the death of cultured HCC cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. The cell death was confirmed to be apoptotic by in vivo and in vitro TUNEL assays. 5F inhibited NF-kB by stabilizing its inhibitor IkBα, reducing the nuclear p65 and inhibiting NF-kB activity. Subsequently it affected the NF-kB downstream molecules with a decrease in anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and increase in pro-apoptotic Bax and Bak. During the whole period of the experiment, mice receiving 5F appeared to be healthy, though they suffered from a mild degree of hair loss. 5F did not damage liver and renal functions. In conclusion, 5F is effective against HCC with minimal side effects. It induces apoptosis in HCC cells via inhibiting NF-kB, leading to the decrease of Bcl-2 but the increase of Bax and Bak.
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Affiliation(s)
- George G Chen
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Ogunbiyi S, Chinien G, Field D, Humphries J, Burand K, Sawyer B, Jeffrey S, Mortimer P, Clasper S, Jackson D, Smith A. Molecular characterization of dermal lymphatic endothelial cells from primary lymphedema skin. Lymphat Res Biol 2011; 9:19-30. [PMID: 21417764 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2010.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphatic endothelial cells from primary lymphedema skin have never been cultured nor characterized. A subgroup of patients with primary lymphedema undergo surgery to bring about an improvement in their quality of life. The aim of this study was to culture and characterize LECs from the skin of these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Lymphatic endothelial cells were isolated and cultured from the skin of patients with primary lymphedema and from normal skin. The isolated cells were compared in their ability to form microvascular networks in a three-dimensional culture medium, and in their response to treatment with vascular endothelial growth factors A, C, and D. Whole tissue transcriptional profiling was carried out on two pools of isolated lymphatic endothelial cells--one from primary lymphedema skin and the other from normal skin. Lymphatic endothelial cells from primary lymphedema skin form tubule-like structures when cultured in three-dimensional media. They respond in a similar fashion to stimulation with the vascular endothelial growth factors A, C, and D. Comparative analysis between lymphedema tissue and normal tissue (fold change >2) showed differential expression of 2793 genes (5% of all transcripts), 2184 upregulated, and 609 downregulated. Genes involved in cellular apoptosis (vascular endothelial growth inhibitor, zinc finger protein), extracellular matrix turnover (matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-16), and type IV collagen deposition were upregulated. Various pro-inflammatory genes (interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-32, E-selectin) were downregulated. CONCLUSION Cellular adhesion, apoptosis, and increased extracellular matrix turnover play a more prominent role in primary lymphedema than previously thought. In addition, the acute inflammatory response is attenuated as evidenced by the downregulation of various pro-inflammatory genes.This sheds further light on the interplay of the various pathological processes taking place in primary lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ogunbiyi
- Academic Department of Surgery, BHF Centre of Research Excellence and NIMR Biomedical Research Centre at Kings Health Partners, St. Thomas Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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To AKY, Chen GG, Chan UPF, Ye C, Yun JP, Ho RLK, Tessier A, Merchant JL, Lai PBS. ZBP-89 enhances Bak expression and causes apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:222-30. [PMID: 20850481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ZBP-89 can enhance tumor cells to death stimuli. However, the molecular mechanism leading to the inhibitory effect of ZBP-89 is unknown. In this study, 4 liver cell lines were used to screen for the target of ZBP-89 on cell death pathway. The identified Bak was further analyzed for its role in ZBP-89-mediated apoptosis. The result showed that ZBP-89 significantly and time-dependently induced apoptosis. It significantly upregulated the level of pro-apoptotic Bak. ZBP-89 targeted a region between -457 and -407 of human Bak promoter to stimulate Bak expression based on the findings of Bak promoter luciferase report gene assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. ZBP-89-induced Bak increase and ZBP-89-mediated apoptosis were markedly suppressed by Bak siRNA, confirming that Bak was specifically targeted by ZBP-89 to facilitate apoptosis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that ZBP-89 significantly induced apoptosis of HCC cells via promoting Bak level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann K Y To
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Zhang CZY, Chen GG, Lai PBS. Transcription factor ZBP-89 in cancer growth and apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2010; 1806:36-41. [PMID: 20230874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ZBP-89, a Krüppel-type zinc-finger transcription factor that binds to GC-rich sequences, is involved in the regulation of cell growth and cell death. It maps to chromosome 3q21 and is composed of 794 residues. Having bifunctional regulatory domains, ZBP-89 may function as a transcriptional activator or repressor of variety of genes such as p16 and vimentin. ZBP-89 arrests cell proliferation through its interactions with p53 and p21(waf1). It is able to stabilize p53 through directly binding and enhance p53 transcriptional activity by retaining it in the nucleus. In addition, ZBP-89 potentiates in butyrate-induced endogenous p21(waf1) up-regulation. ZBP-89 is usually over-expressed in human cancer cells, where it can efficiently induce apoptosis through p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Moreover, ZBP-89 is capable of enhancing killing effects of several anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, ZBP-89 may be served as a potential target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Z Y Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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