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Hussein R, Abou-Shanab AM, Badr E. A multi-omics approach for biomarker discovery in neuroblastoma: a network-based framework. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:52. [PMID: 38760476 PMCID: PMC11101461 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated death in children. MYCN amplification is a prominent genetic marker for NB, and its targeting to halt NB progression is difficult to achieve. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the molecular interactome of NB is needed to improve treatment outcomes. Analysis of NB multi-omics unravels valuable insight into the interplay between MYCN transcriptional and miRNA post-transcriptional modulation. Moreover, it aids in the identification of various miRNAs that participate in NB development and progression. This study proposes an integrated computational framework with three levels of high-throughput NB data (mRNA-seq, miRNA-seq, and methylation array). Similarity Network Fusion (SNF) and ranked SNF methods were utilized to identify essential genes and miRNAs. The specified genes included both miRNA-target genes and transcription factors (TFs). The interactions between TFs and miRNAs and between miRNAs and their target genes were retrieved where a regulatory network was developed. Finally, an interaction network-based analysis was performed to identify candidate biomarkers. The candidate biomarkers were further analyzed for their potential use in prognosis and diagnosis. The candidate biomarkers included three TFs and seven miRNAs. Four biomarkers have been previously studied and tested in NB, while the remaining identified biomarkers have known roles in other types of cancer. Although the specific molecular role is yet to be addressed, most identified biomarkers possess evidence of involvement in NB tumorigenesis. Analyzing cellular interactome to identify potential biomarkers is a promising approach that can contribute to optimizing efficient therapeutic regimens to target NB vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Hussein
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abou-Shanab
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Eman Badr
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt.
- Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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2
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Wang Y, Pan KH, Chen M. Necroptosis-related genes are associated with prognostic features of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:192. [PMID: 37878133 PMCID: PMC10600093 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal clear cell carcinoma is a common type of cancer in the adult urological system. It has a high mortality rate, with 30% of patients developing metastasis and 60% dying within 1-2 years of diagnosis. Recent advancements in tumor immunology and necroptosis have provided new insights into kidney cancer therapy. Therefore, it is crucial to identify potential targets for combining immunotherapy with necroptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the GSE168845 dataset and necroptosis-related genes, we identified genes that are differentially expressed in relation to necroptosis. We analyzed the prognostic value of these genes through differential expression analysis, prognostic analysis, and Cox regression analysis. The expression levels of the MYCN and CDKN2A genes were verified using the GSE53757 dataset. We also examined the association between the differentially expressed genes and clinicopathological features, as well as overall survival in our cohorts. In addition, we constructed a lasso Cox regression model to assess the correlation between these genes and immune score, ICP, and OCLR score. We conducted qRT-PCR to detect the expression of MYCN, CDKN2A, and ZBP1 in different samples of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). The expression levels of these genes were verified in a normal kidney cell line (HK-2 cells) and two KIRC cell lines (786-O, ACHN). The protein levels of MYCN and CDKN2A were detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC). SiRNA was used to silence the expression of MYCN and CDKN2A in the ACHN cell line, and wound healing assays were performed to measure cell migration. RESULTS MYCN, CDKN2A, and ZBP1 were identified as necroptosis-related genes with independent prognostic value, leading to the development of a risk prognostic model. The expression of the CDKN2A gene was significantly higher in KIRC tissues compared to normal tissues, while the expression of the MYCN gene was significantly lower in KIRC tissues. The expression of MYCN and CDKN2A was associated with tumor stage, metastasis, and overall survival in our cohort. Furthermore, MYCN, CDKN2A, and ZBP1 were significantly correlated with immune score, ICP, and OCLR score. The expression levels of CDKN2A and ZBP1 were higher in KIRC cells compared to normal kidney cells, while the expression of MYCN was lower in KIRC cells. The protein expression of MYCN and CDKN2A was also higher in KIRC tissues, as confirmed by IHC. The results of the wound healing assay indicated that silencing CDKN2A inhibited cell migration, while silencing MYCN enhanced cell migration. CONCLUSIONS MYCN and CDKN2A are potential targets and valuable prognostic biomarkers for combining immunotherapy with necroptosis in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. CDKN2A promotes the migration of renal cancer cells, while MYCN inhibits their migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiduo Wang
- Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge Hunan Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke-Hao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge Hunan Road, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Urology, Lishui District People's Hospital, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge Hunan Road, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Molteni E, Baldan F, Damante G, Allegri L. GSK2801 Reverses Paclitaxel Resistance in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines through MYCN Downregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065993. [PMID: 36983070 PMCID: PMC10054879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a very rare, but extremely aggressive form of thyroid malignancy, responsible for the highest mortality rate registered for thyroid cancer. Treatment with taxanes (such as paclitaxel) is an important approach in counteracting ATC or slowing its progression in tumors without known genetic aberrations or those which are unresponsive to other treatments. Unfortunately, resistance often develops and, for this reason, new therapies that overcome taxane resistance are needed. In this study, effects of inhibition of several bromodomain proteins in paclitaxel-resistant ATC cell lines were investigated. GSK2801, a specific inhibitor of BAZ2A, BAZ2B and BRD9, was effective in resensitizing cells to paclitaxel. In fact, when used in combination with paclitaxel, it was able to reduce cell viability, block the ability to form colonies in an anchor-independent manner, and strongly decrease cell motility. After RNA-seq following treatment with GSK2801, we focused our attention on MYCN. Based on the hypothesis that MYCN was a major downstream player in the biological effects of GSK2801, we tested a specific inhibitor, VPC-70619, which showed effective biological effects when used in association with paclitaxel. This suggests that the functional deficiency of MYCN determines a partial resensitization of the cells examined and, ultimately, that a substantial part of the effect of GSK2801 results from inhibition of MYCN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Molteni
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Chiusaforte, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Federica Baldan
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Chiusaforte, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Academic Hospital of Udine, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Chiusaforte, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Academic Hospital of Udine, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Allegri
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Chiusaforte, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Li X, Yang F, He N, Zhang M, Lv Y, Yu Y, Dong Q, Hou X, Hao Y, An Z, Zhang H, Yang Z, Zhai H, Guo D, Cao Z, Jiang VC, Chen Y. YM155 inhibits neuroblastoma growth through degradation of MYCN: A new role as a USP7 inhibitor. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 181:106343. [PMID: 36436754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Amplification of the MYCN gene (MNA) is observed in approximately 25 to 35% of neuroblastoma patients, and is a well-recognized marker of tumor aggressiveness and poor outcome. Targeting MYCN is a novel therapy strategy to induce tumor regression. Here, we discovered that a BIRC5/Survivin inhibitor, YM155, specifically inhibits MNA neuroblastoma cell growth in vitro. We found that YM155 promotes MYCN degradation in MNA cells. Further, we found that YM155 inhibits USP7 deubiquitinase activity in vitro, using Ub-aminomethylcoumarin (Ub-AMC) as substrate. Results from in vivo studies further demonstrated that YM155 significantly inhibited the tumor growth in MNA neuroblastoma xenograft model. Our data support a novel mechanism of action of YM155 in inhibition of growth of cancer cells through inducing MYCN degradation by inibition of activity of deubiquitinase like USP7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Cothera Bioscience, Inc., 155 Bovet Road, Suite 660, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Feili Yang
- Cothera Bioscience, Inc., 155 Bovet Road, Suite 660, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Na He
- Cothera Bioscience, Inc., 155 Bovet Road, Suite 660, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Cothera Bioscience, Inc., 155 Bovet Road, Suite 660, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Yan Lv
- Cothera Bioscience, Inc., 155 Bovet Road, Suite 660, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Yue Yu
- Cothera Bioscience, Inc., 155 Bovet Road, Suite 660, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Qian Dong
- Cothera Bioscience, Inc., 155 Bovet Road, Suite 660, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Xiaofu Hou
- Cothera Bioscience, Inc., 155 Bovet Road, Suite 660, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Yanbing Hao
- Cothera Bioscience, Inc., 155 Bovet Road, Suite 660, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Zhida An
- Cothera Bioscience, Inc., 155 Bovet Road, Suite 660, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Cothera Bioscience, Inc., 155 Bovet Road, Suite 660, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Zhen Yang
- Cothera Bioscience, Inc., 155 Bovet Road, Suite 660, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Heiyan Zhai
- Cothera Bioscience, Inc., 155 Bovet Road, Suite 660, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Dagang Guo
- Cothera Bioscience, Inc., 155 Bovet Road, Suite 660, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Zhixiang Cao
- Cothera Bioscience, Inc., 155 Bovet Road, Suite 660, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Vernon C Jiang
- Cothera Bioscience, Inc., 155 Bovet Road, Suite 660, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Yiyou Chen
- Cothera Bioscience, Inc., 155 Bovet Road, Suite 660, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA.
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Tan K, Mo J, Li M, Dong Y, Han Y, Sun X, Ma Y, Zhu K, Wu W, Lu L, Liu J, Zhao K, Zhang L, Tang Y, Lv Z. SMAD9-MYCN positive feedback loop represents a unique dependency for MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:352. [PMID: 36539767 PMCID: PMC9764568 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor occurring during childhood and high-risk NB patients have a poor prognosis. The amplified MYCN gene serves as an important determinant of a high risk of NB. METHODS We performed an integrative screen using public NB tissue and cell line data, and identified that SMAD9 played an important role in high-risk NB. An investigation of the super-enhancers database (SEdb) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) dataset along with biological experiments of incorporating gene knockdown and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) were performed to identify upstream regulatory mechanism of SMAD9. Gene knockdown and rescue, quantitative real-time PCR (Q-RT-PCR), cell titer Glo assays, colony formation assays, a subcutaneous xenograft model and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the functional role of SMAD9 in NB. An integrative analysis of ChIP-seq data with the validation of CRISPRi and dual-luciferase reporter assays and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data with Q-RT-PCR validation was conducted to analyze the downstream regulatory mechanism of SMAD9. RESULTS High expression of SMAD9 was specifically induced by the transcription factors including MYCN, PHOX2B, GATA3 and HAND2 at the enhancer region. Genetic suppression of SMAD9 inhibited MYCN-amplified NB cell proliferation and tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo. Further studies revealed that SMAD9 bound to the MYCN promoter and transcriptionally regulate MYCN expression, with MYCN reciprocally binding to the SMAD9 enhancer and transactivating SMAD9, thus forming a positive feedback loop along with the MYCN-associated cancer cell cycle. CONCLUSION This study delineates that SMAD9 forms a positive transcriptional feedback loop with MYCN and represents a unique tumor-dependency for MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhe Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Mo
- Research Center of Translational medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Li
- Research Center of Translational medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Han
- Research Center of Translational medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxuan Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewen Zhao
- Research Center of Translational medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Research Center of Translational medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Tang
- Research Center of Translational medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhibao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Shi X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhao W, Dai X, Yang YG, Zhang X. Targeting bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins to inhibit neuroblastoma tumorigenesis through regulating MYCN. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1021820. [PMID: 36187481 PMCID: PMC9523081 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1021820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins play important roles in regulating the expression of multiple proto-oncogenes by recognizing acetylation of histones and non-histone proteins including transcription factors, which subsequently promote tumor cell proliferation, survival, metastasis and immune escape. Therefore, BET family proteins are considered attractive therapeutic targets in various cancers. Currently, blocking of the BET proteins is a widely used therapeutic strategy for MYCN amplified high-risk neuroblastoma. Here, we summarized and reviewed the recent research progresses for the critical function of BET proteins, as an epigenetic reader, on tumorigenesis and the therapeutic potential of the BET/BRD4 inhibitors on MYCN amplified neuroblastoma. We also discussed the combined therapeutic strategies for BET inhibitor-resistant neuroblastoma.
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7
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Hu X, Liu R, Hou J, Peng W, Wan S, Xu M, Li Y, Zhang G, Zhai X, Liang P, Cui H. SMARCE1 promotes neuroblastoma tumorigenesis through assisting MYCN-mediated transcriptional activation. Oncogene 2022; 41:4295-4306. [PMID: 35978151 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SMARCE1 gene, encoding a core subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, is situated on chromosome 17q21-ter region that is frequently gained in neuroblastoma. However, its role in the tumorigenesis remains unknown. Here, we showed that high expression of SMARCE1 was associated with poor prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma, especially those with MYCN amplification. Knockdown of SMARCE1 reduced proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenicity of neuroblastoma cells. Mechanistically, SMARCE1 directly interacted with MYCN, which was necessary for MYCN-mediated transcriptional activation of downstream target genes including PLK1, ODC1, and E2F2. Overexpression of PLK1, ODC1 or E2F2 significantly reversed the inhibiting effect of SMARCE1 knockdown on the proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenicity of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, we revealed that MYCN directly regulated SMARCE1 transcription through binding to a non-canonical E-box of SMARCE1 promoter, thus enhancing SMARCE1-MYCN cooperativity. These findings establish SMARCE1 is a critical oncogenic factor in neuroblastoma and provide a new potential target for treatment of neuroblastoma with 17q21-ter gain and MYCN amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Ruochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jianbing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Sicheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Minghao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yongsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xuan Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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EIF4EBP1 is transcriptionally upregulated by MYCN and associates with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:157. [PMID: 35379801 PMCID: PMC8980029 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) accounts for 15% of cancer-related deaths in childhood despite considerable therapeutic improvements. While several risk factors, including MYCN amplification and alterations in RAS and p53 pathway genes, have been defined in NB, the clinical outcome is very variable and difficult to predict. Since genes of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway are upregulated in MYCN-amplified NB, we aimed to define the predictive value of the mTOR substrate-encoding gene eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1) expression in NB patients. Using publicly available data sets, we found that EIF4EBP1 mRNA expression is positively correlated with MYCN expression and elevated in stage 4 and high-risk NB patients. In addition, high EIF4EBP1 mRNA expression is associated with reduced overall and event-free survival in the entire group of NB patients in three cohorts, as well as in stage 4 and high-risk patients. This was confirmed by monitoring the clinical value of 4EBP1 protein expression, which revealed that high levels of 4EBP1 are significantly associated with prognostically unfavorable NB histology. Finally, functional analyses revealed that EIF4EBP1 expression is transcriptionally controlled by MYCN binding to the EIF4EBP1 promoter in NB cells. Our data highlight that EIF4EBP1 is a direct transcriptional target of MYCN whose high expression is associated with poor prognosis in NB patients. Therefore, EIF4EBP1 may serve to better stratify patients with NB.
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Jarošová P, Hannig P, Kolková K, Mazzini S, Táborská E, Gargallo R, Borgonovo G, Artali R, Táborský P. Alkaloid Escholidine and Its Interaction with DNA Structures. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1225. [PMID: 34943140 PMCID: PMC8698932 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Berberine, the most known quaternary protoberberine alkaloid (QPA), has been reported to inhibit the SIK3 protein connected with breast cancer. Berberine also appears to reduce the bcl-2 and XIAP expression-proteins responsible for the inhibition of apoptosis. As some problems in the therapy with berberine arose, we studied the DNA binding properties of escholidine, another QPA alkaloid. CD, fluorescence, and NMR examined models of i-motif and G-quadruplex sequences present in the n-myc gene and the c-kit gene. We provide evidence that escholidine does not induce stabilization of the i-motif sequences, while the interaction with G-quadruplex structures appears to be more significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Jarošová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.J.); (P.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Pavel Hannig
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.J.); (P.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Kateřina Kolková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.J.); (P.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Stefania Mazzini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DEFENS), Section of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Eva Táborská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Raimundo Gargallo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Gigliola Borgonovo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DEFENS), Section of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Petr Táborský
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.J.); (P.H.); (K.K.)
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10
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Blanco-Luquin I, Lázcoz P, Celay J, Castresana JS, Encío IJ. In Vitro Assessment of the Role of p53 on Chemotherapy Treatments in Neuroblastoma Cell Lines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111184. [PMID: 34832966 PMCID: PMC8624165 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most frequent malignant extracranial solid tumor of infancy. The overall objective of this work consists of determining the presence of alterations in the p53/MDM2/p14ARF signaling pathway in neuroblastoma cell lines and deciphering their possible relationship with resistance to known antineoplastic drugs and to differentiation agents. Firstly, we characterized 10 neuroblastoma cell lines for alterations at the p53/MDM2/p14ARF signaling pathway by analysis of TP53 point mutations, MYCN and MDM2 amplification, and p14ARF methylation, homozygous deletions, and expression. Secondly, we chose SK-N-FI (mutated at TP53) and SK-N-Be(2) (wild-type TP53) cell lines, treated them with chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin, etoposide, cisplatin, and melphalan) and with two isomers of retinoic acid (RA): (9-cis and all-trans). Finally, we analyzed the distribution of the cell cycle, the induction of apoptosis, and the expression levels of p53, p21, and Bcl-2 in those two cell lines. P14ARF did not present promoter methylation, homozygous deletions, and protein expression in any of the 10 neuroblastoma cell lines. One TP53 point mutation was detected in the SK-N-FI cell line. MYCN amplification was frequent, while most cell lines did not present MDM2 amplification. Treatment of SK-N-FI and SK-N-Be(2) cells with doxorubicin, etoposide, cisplatin, and melphalan increased apoptosis and blocked the cycle in G2/M, while retinoic acid isomers induced apoptosis and decreased the percentage of cells in S phase in TP53 mutated SK-N-FI cells, but not in TP53 wild-type SK-N-Be(2) cells. Treatment with cisplatin, melphalan, or 9-cis RA decreased p53 expression levels in SK-N-FI cells but not in SK-N-Be (2). The expression of p21 was not modified in either of the two cell lines. Bcl-2 levels were reduced only in SK-N-FI cells after treatment with cisplatin. However, treatments with doxorubicin, etoposide, or 9-cis-RA did not modify the levels of this protein in either of the two cell lines. In conclusion, TP53 mutated SK-N-FI cells respond better to the retinoic isomers than TP53 wild-type SK-N-Be(2) cells. Although these are in vitro results, it seems that deciphering the molecular alterations of the p53/MDM2/p14ARF signaling pathway prior to treating patients of neuroblastoma might be useful for standardizing therapies with the aim of improving survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Blanco-Luquin
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Paula Lázcoz
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jon Celay
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Javier S. Castresana
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.S.C.); (I.J.E.)
| | - Ignacio J. Encío
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (P.L.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.C.); (I.J.E.)
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11
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MYCN in Neuroblastoma: "Old Wine into New Wineskins". Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9040078. [PMID: 34842635 PMCID: PMC8628738 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MYCN Proto-Oncogene, BHLH Transcription Factor (MYCN) has been one of the most studied genes in neuroblastoma. It is known for its oncogenetic mechanisms, as well as its role in the prognosis of the disease and it is considered one of the prominent targets for neuroblastoma therapy. In the present work, we attempted to review the literature, on the relation between MYCN and neuroblastoma from all possible mechanistic sites. We have searched the literature for the role of MYCN in neuroblastoma based on the following topics: the references of MYCN in the literature, the gene's anatomy, along with its transcripts, the protein's anatomy, the epigenetic mechanisms regulating MYCN expression and function, as well as MYCN amplification. MYCN plays a significant role in neuroblastoma biology. Its functions and properties range from the forming of G-quadraplexes, to the interaction with miRNAs, as well as the regulation of gene methylation and histone acetylation and deacetylation. Although MYCN is one of the most primary genes studied in neuroblastoma, there is still a lot to be learned. Our knowledge on the exact mechanisms of MYCN amplification, etiology and potential interventions is still limited. The knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of MYCN in neuroblastoma, could have potential prognostic and therapeutic advantages.
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Schultz CR, Swanson MA, Dowling TC, Bachmann AS. Probenecid increases renal retention and antitumor activity of DFMO in neuroblastoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:607-617. [PMID: 34129075 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Interference with the polyamine biosynthesis pathway by inhibition of MYCN-activated ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a validated approach. The ODC inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, or Eflornithine) has been FDA-approved for the treatment of trypanosomiasis and hirsutism and has advanced to clinical cancer trials including NB as well as cancer-unrelated human diseases. One key challenge of DFMO is its rapid renal clearance and the need for high and frequent drug dosing during treatment. METHODS We performed in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK), antitumorigenic, and molecular studies with DFMO/probenecid using NB patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in mice. We used LC-MS/MS, HPLC, and immunoblotting to analyze blood, brain tissue, and PDX tumor tissue samples collected from mice. RESULTS The organic anion transport 1/3 (OAT 1/3) inhibitor probenecid reduces the renal clearance of DFMO and significantly increases the antitumor activity of DFMO in PDX of NB (P < 0.02). Excised tumors revealed that DFMO/probenecid treatment decreases polyamines putrescine and spermidine, reduces MYCN protein levels and dephosphorylates retinoblastoma (Rb) protein (p-RbSer795), suggesting DFMO/probenecid-induced cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSION Addition of probenecid as an adjuvant to DFMO therapy may be suitable to decrease overall dose and improve drug efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R Schultz
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave, NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Matthew A Swanson
- Shimadzu Core Laboratory for Academic and Research Excellence, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Thomas C Dowling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI, USA
| | - André S Bachmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave, NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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13
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Ma Z, Li K, Chen P, Pan Q, Li X, Zhao G. MiR-134, Mediated by IRF1, Suppresses Tumorigenesis and Progression by Targeting VEGFA and MYCN in Osteosarcoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:1197-1208. [PMID: 32238141 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200402074752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is a prevalent primary bone malignancy and its distal metastasis remains the main cause of mortality in OS patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles during cancer metastasis. OBJECTIVE Thus, elucidating the role of miRNA dysregulation in OS metastasis may provide novel therapeutic targets. METHODS The previous study found a low miR-134 expression level in the OS specimens compared with paracancer tissues. Overexpression of miR-134 stable cell lines was established. Cell viability assay, cell invasion and migration assay and apoptosis assay were performed to evaluate the role of miR-134 in OS in vitro. RESULTS We found that miR-134 overexpression inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induces cell apoptosis in both MG63 and Saos-2 cell lines. Mechanistically, miR-134 targets the 3'-UTR of VEGFA and MYCN mRNA to silence its translation, which was confirmed by luciferase-reporter assay. The real-time PCR analysis illustrated that miR-134 overexpression decreases VEGFA and MYCN mRNA levels. Additionally, the overexpression of VEGFA or MYCN can partly attenuate the effects of miR-134 on OS cell migration and viability. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-134 dramatically inhibits tumor growth in the human OS cell line xenograft mouse model in vivo. Moreover, bioinformatic and luciferase assays indicate that the expression of miR-134 is regulated by Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF1), which binds to its promoter and activates miR-134 expression. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that IRF1 is a key player in the transcriptional control of miR-134, and it inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo via targeting VEGFA and MYCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Ma
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Kai Li
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Peng Chen
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Qizheng Pan
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Xuyang Li
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130033, China
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14
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MIAT Is an Upstream Regulator of NMYC and the Disruption of the MIAT/NMYC Axis Induces Cell Death in NMYC Amplified Neuroblastoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073393. [PMID: 33806217 PMCID: PMC8038079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NBL) is the most common extracranial childhood malignant tumor and represents a major cause of cancer-related deaths in infants. NMYC amplification or overexpression is associated with the malignant behavior of NBL tumors. In the present study, we revealed an association between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) and NMYC amplification in NBL cell lines and MIAT expression in NBL tissue samples. MIAT silencing induces cell death only in cells with NMYC amplification, but in NBL cells without NMYC amplification it decreases only the proliferation. MIAT downregulation markedly reduces the NMYC expression in NMYC-amplified NBL cell lines and c-Myc expression in NMYC non-amplified NBL cell lines, but the ectopic overexpression or downregulation of NMYC did not affect the expression of MIAT. Moreover, MIAT downregulation results in decreased ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1), a known transcriptional target of MYC oncogenes, and decreases the glycolytic metabolism and respiratory function. These results indicate that MIAT is an upstream regulator of NMYC and that MIAT/NMYC axis disruption induces cell death in NMYC-amplified NBL cell lines. These findings reveal a novel mechanism for the regulation of NMYC in NBL, suggesting that MIAT might be a potential therapeutic target, especially for those with NMYC amplification.
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15
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Luo Z, Dong X, Yu J, Xia Y, Berry KP, Rao R, Xu L, Xue P, Chen T, Lin Y, Yu J, Huang G, Li H, Zhou W, Lu QR. Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveals ZNF124 as a Critical Regulator in Highly Aggressive Medulloblastomas. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634056. [PMID: 33681213 PMCID: PMC7930499 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, however, the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis in different MB subgroups remain incompletely understood. Although previous studies of MB predisposition have been conducted in tertiary referral centers primarily in Caucasian cohorts, it is not unclear clear whether there exist population-specific genetic alterations in MBs. In this study, we investigated the contribution of genomic and transcriptomic alterations to the risk of malignant MB in the Chinese population (designated as the Asian cohort). We analyze the genomic and transcriptomic alterations of the Asian MB cohort by using a combination of whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA-deep-sequencing. In addition, we integrate publicly available data with the Asian MB cohort and identify a subset of potential MB-driving genes specifically enriched in each of the MB subgroups. We further characterize a newly identified group-3-enriched transcriptional regulator, ZNF124, and demonstrate that ZNF124 is critical for the growth of the most aggressive group-3 MB cells. Together, our analyses indicate conserved yet distinct genetic alterations and gene expression patterns of MBs between different ethnic groups. Our studies further provide an important resource for identifying potential tumor-driving factors in MBs, enhancing our understanding of the disease process for developing ethnically targeted therapies in patients with MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaili Luo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Dong
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Kalen P Berry
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rohit Rao
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lingli Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xue
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Guoying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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16
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Chalikian TV, Liu L, Macgregor RB. Duplex-tetraplex equilibria in guanine- and cytosine-rich DNA. Biophys Chem 2020; 267:106473. [PMID: 33031980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Noncanonical four-stranded DNA structures, including G-quadruplexes and i-motifs, have been discovered in the cell and are implicated in a variety of genomic regulatory functions. The tendency of a specific guanine- and cytosine-rich region of genomic DNA to adopt a four-stranded conformation depends on its ability to overcome the constraints of duplex base-pairing by undergoing consecutive duplex-to-coil and coil-to-tetraplex transitions. The latter ability is determined by the balance between the free energies of participating ordered and disordered structures. In this review, we present an overview of the literature on the stability of G-quadruplex and i-motif structures and discuss the extent of duplex-tetraplex competition as a function of the sequence context of the DNA and environmental conditions including temperature, pH, salt, molecular crowding, and the presence of G-quadruplex-binding ligands. We outline how the results of in vitro studies can be expanded to understanding duplex-tetraplex equilibria in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigran V Chalikian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada.
| | - Lutan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Robert B Macgregor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
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17
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Schultz CR, Gruhlke MC, Slusarenko AJ, Bachmann AS. Allicin, a Potent New Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitor in Neuroblastoma Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2518-2527. [PMID: 32786875 PMCID: PMC9162488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The natural product allicin is a reactive sulfur species (RSS) from garlic (Allium sativum L.). Neuroblastoma (NB) is an early childhood cancer arising from the developing peripheral nervous system. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines, which are oncometabolites that contribute to cell proliferation in NB and other c-MYC/MYCN-driven cancers. Both c-MYC and MYCN directly transactivate the E-box gene ODC1, a validated anticancer drug target. We identified allicin as a potent ODC inhibitor in a specific radioactive in vitro assay using purified human ODC. Allicin was ∼23 000-fold more potent (IC50 = 11 nM) than DFMO (IC50 = 252 μM), under identical in vitro assay conditions. ODC is a homodimer with 12 cysteines per monomer, and allicin reversibly S-thioallylates cysteines. In actively proliferating human NB cells allicin inhibited ODC enzyme activity, reduced cellular polyamine levels, inhibited cell proliferation (IC50 9-19 μM), and induced apoptosis. The natural product allicin is a new ODC inhibitor and could be developed for use in conjunction with other anticancer treatments, the latter perhaps at a lower than usual dosage, to achieve drug synergism with good prognosis and reduced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R. Schultz
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Martin C.H. Gruhlke
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alan J. Slusarenko
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Corresponding Authors: André S. Bachmann, Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave, NW, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA. Tel: +616-234-2841, or Alan J. Slusarenko, Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. Tel: +49-241-80-266-50,
| | - André S. Bachmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Corresponding Authors: André S. Bachmann, Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave, NW, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA. Tel: +616-234-2841, or Alan J. Slusarenko, Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. Tel: +49-241-80-266-50,
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18
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Matyunina EA, Emelyanov AV, Kurbatova TV, Makashov AA, Mizgirev IV, Kozlov AP. Evolutionarily novel genes are expressed in transgenic fish tumors and their orthologs are involved in development of progressive traits in humans. Infect Agent Cancer 2019; 14:46. [PMID: 31827597 PMCID: PMC6896781 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-019-0262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Earlier we suggested a new hypothesis of the possible evolutionary role of hereditary tumors (Kozlov, Evolution by tumor Neofunctionalization, 2014), and described a new class of genes – tumor specifically expressed, evolutionarily novel (TSEEN) genes - that are predicted by this hypothesis (Kozlov, Infect Agents Cancer 11:34, 2016). In this paper we studied evolutionarily novel genes expressed in fish tumors after regression, as a model of evolving organs. As evolutionarily novel genes may not yet have organismal functions, we studied the acquisition of new gene functions by comparing fish evolutionarily novel genes with their human orthologs. We found that many genes involved in development of progressive traits in humans (lung, mammary gland, placenta, ventricular septum, etc.) originated in fish and are expressed in fish tumors and tumors after regression. These findings support a possible evolutionary role of hereditary tumors, and in particular the hypothesis of evolution by tumor neofunctionalization. Research highlights Earlier we described a new class of genes that are tumor-specifically expressed and evolutionarily novel (TSEEN). As the functions of TSEEN genes are often uncertain, we decided to study TSEEN genes of fishes so that we could trace the appearance of their new functions in higher vertebrates. We found that many human genes which are involved in development of progressive traits (placenta development, mammary gland and lung development etc.,) originated in fishes and are expressed in fish tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Matyunina
- 1Research Institute of Ultra-Pure Biologicals, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, St.-Petersburg, Russia.,2Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Emelyanov
- 3The Biomedical Center (BMC), St.-Petersburg, Russia.,4Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), Nice, France
| | - T V Kurbatova
- 1Research Institute of Ultra-Pure Biologicals, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, St.-Petersburg, Russia.,2Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), St.-Petersburg, Russia.,3The Biomedical Center (BMC), St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Makashov
- 1Research Institute of Ultra-Pure Biologicals, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, St.-Petersburg, Russia.,2Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), St.-Petersburg, Russia.,3The Biomedical Center (BMC), St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - I V Mizgirev
- 5Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A P Kozlov
- 1Research Institute of Ultra-Pure Biologicals, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, St.-Petersburg, Russia.,2Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), St.-Petersburg, Russia.,3The Biomedical Center (BMC), St.-Petersburg, Russia.,6Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Hu X, Zheng W, Zhu Q, Gu L, Du Y, Han Z, Zhang X, Carter DR, Cheung BB, Qiu A, Jiang C. Increase in DNA Damage by MYCN Knockdown Through Regulating Nucleosome Organization and Chromatin State in Neuroblastoma. Front Genet 2019; 10:684. [PMID: 31396265 PMCID: PMC6667652 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a transcription factor, MYCN regulates myriad target genes including the histone chaperone FACT. Moreover, FACT and MYCN expression form a forward feedback loop in neuroblastoma. It is unclear whether MYCN is involved in chromatin remodeling in neuroblastoma through regulation of its target genes. We showed here that MYCN knockdown resulted in loss of the nucleosome-free regions through nucleosome assembly in the promoters of genes functionally enriched for DNA repair. The active mark H3K9ac was removed or replaced by the repressive mark H3K27me3 in the promoters of double-strand break repair-related genes upon MYCN knockdown. Such chromatin state alterations occurred only in MYCN-bound promoters. Consistently, MYCN knockdown resulted in a marked increase in DNA damage in the treatment with hydroxyurea. In contrast, nucleosome reorganization and histone modification changes in the enhancers largely included target genes with tumorigenesis-related functions such as cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell–cell adhesion. The chromatin state significantly changed in both MYCN-bound and MYCN-unbound enhancers upon MYCN knockdown. Furthermore, MYCN knockdown independently regulated chromatin remodeling in the promoters and the enhancers. These findings reveal the novel epigenetic regulatory role of MYCN in chromatin remodeling and provide an alternative potential epigenetic strategy for MYCN-driven neuroblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Hu
- Institute of Translational Research, Tongji Hospital, the School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weisheng Zheng
- Institute of Translational Research, Tongji Hospital, the School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianshu Zhu
- Institute of Translational Research, Tongji Hospital, the School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Gu
- Institute of Translational Research, Tongji Hospital, the School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhua Du
- Institute of Translational Research, Tongji Hospital, the School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Han
- Institute of Translational Research, Tongji Hospital, the School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobai Zhang
- Institute of Translational Research, Tongji Hospital, the School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniel R Carter
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Belamy B Cheung
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Andong Qiu
- Institute of Translational Research, Tongji Hospital, the School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,The Research Center of Stem Cells and Ageing, Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Tsingdao, China
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- Institute of Translational Research, Tongji Hospital, the School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,The Research Center of Stem Cells and Ageing, Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Tsingdao, China
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Lee ACL, Shih YY, Zhou F, Chao TC, Lee H, Liao YF, Hsu WM, Hong JH. Calreticulin regulates MYCN expression to control neuronal differentiation and stemness of neuroblastoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:325-339. [PMID: 30612140 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic N-MYC (MYCN) is widely used as a biomarker in clinics for neuroblastoma (NB) patients; nevertheless, mechanism that underlines MYCN regulation remains elusive. In the present study, we identified calreticulin (CRT) as a novel MYCN suppressor that downregulated MYCN promoter activity and protein expression to modulate neuronal differentiation and stemness. Our data showed that CRT-mediated MYCN suppression led to increased neurite length and commensurate elevation in differentiation marker GAP-43. We examined effect of radiotherapy and discovered that ionizing radiation (IR) was able to augment CRT expression dose-dependently in NB. Interestingly, neuronal differentiation and neurosphere formation (NSF) of NB were not only co-modulated by IR and CRT but were also dependent on Ca2+-buffering domain (C-domain) of CRT. Mutagenesis analysis showed that C-domain was indispensable for CRT-mediated MYCN regulation in NB differentiation and NSF. Of note, IR-induced formation of neural stem-like neurospheres (NS) was significantly impaired in CRT-overexpressed NB cells. The occupancy of CRT on MYCN 5' proximal promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, revealing potential CRT binding sites that coincided with transcription factor E2F1 binding elements. In addition, we identified a physical interaction between CRT and E2F1, and demonstrated that CRT occupancy on MYCN promoter prevented E2F1-mediated MYCN upregulation. In line with in vitro findings, hampered tumor latency and retarded tumor growth in xenograft model corroborated IR and CRT co-mediated neuronal differentiation of NB. Together, our data delineated a novel mechanism of CRT-mediated MYCN regulation and warranted further preclinical investigation towards new therapeutic strategy for NB. CRT suppresses MYCN expression and promotes neuronal differentiation in NB. CRT regulates MYCN via interaction with E2F1 and direct binding to MYCN promoter. Ca2+-buffering domain of CRT is critical in MYCN regulation and NB differentiation. CRT-MYCN axis impacts on NB stemness by modulating neurosphere formation. Xenograft model corroborates in vitro NB differentiation mediated by CRT and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Chi-Lung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital/Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yin Shih
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tsi-Chian Chao
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Liao
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ji-Hong Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. .,Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital/Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Proton and Radiation Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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21
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Luo YB, Cui XC, Yang L, Zhang D, Wang JX. Advances in the Surgical Treatment of Neuroblastoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:2332-2337. [PMID: 30246719 PMCID: PMC6166470 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.241803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to review the efficacy of surgical resections in different clinical situations for a better understanding of the meaning of surgery in the treatment of neuroblastoma (NB). DATA SOURCES The online database ScienceDirect (201-2018) was utilized. The search was conducted using the keywords "neuroblastoma," "neuroblastoma resection," "neuroblastoma surgery," and "high-risk neuroblastoma." STUDY SELECTION We retrospectively analyzed of patients who underwent surgical resections in different clinical situations. The article included findings from selected relevant randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses or good-quality observational studies. Abstracts only, letters, and editorial notes were excluded. Full-text articles and abstracts were extracted and reviewed to identify key articles discussing surgery management of NB, which were then selected for critical analysis. RESULTS A total of 7800 English language articles were found containing references to NB (201-2018). The 163 articles were searched which were related to the surgical treatment of NB (201-2018). Through the analysis of these important articles, we found that the treatments of NB at low- and intermediate-risk groups were basically the same. High-risk patients remained controversial. CONCLUSIONS NB prognosis varies tremendously based on the stage and biologic features of the tumor. After reviewing the relevant literature, patients with low-risk disease are often managed with surgical resection or observation alone with tumors likely to spontaneously regress that are not causing symptoms. Intermediate patients are treated with chemotherapy with the number of cycles depending on their response as well as surgical resection of the primary tumor. High-risk patients remain controversial. Multidisciplinary intensive treatment is essential, especially for patients who received subtotal tumor resection. Minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of NBs without image-defined risk factors in low- to high-risk patients is safe and feasible and does not compromise the treatment outcome. We conclude that ≥90% resection of the primary tumor is both feasible and safe in most patients with high-risk NB. New targeted therapies are crucial to improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bing Luo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xi-Chun Cui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jia-Xiang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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22
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Kang X, Feng Y, Gan Z, Zeng S, Guo X, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang C, Liu K, Chen X, Jiang X, Song S, Li Y, Chen S, Sun F, Mao Z, Yang X, Chang J. NASP antagonize chromatin accessibility through maintaining histone H3K9me1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3438-3448. [PMID: 30076957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of histone deposits mediated by multi-chaperone complexes under physiological conditions remains to be further investigated. Here, we studied the function of nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein (NASP) in the regulation of liver cancer. We found that NASP levels in liver tumors were generally higher than in normal liver tissues and NASP down-regulation inhibited liver cancer cells from forming tumors. We further analyzed cellular responses and epigenetic mechanisms of the histone H3-H4 shortage induced by NASP knockdown in liver cancer cells. The results showed that the major effects of NASP knockdown were globally enhanced chromatin accessibility, which facilitates transcription release, and failure of replication initiation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NASP depletion led to a global decrease of histone H3K9me1 modification associated with newly H3 processing, which occurred directly at the promoters of up-regulated anti-tumor genes BACH2 and RunX1T1. This also resulted in a synergistic effect on enhanced apoptosis with Myc and p53 decreases. Overall, our work provides new insights into the roles of NASP in tumorigenesis and cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Kang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yun Feng
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research at Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, PR China
| | - Zhixue Gan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shiyang Zeng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Guo
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xirui Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Kuinan Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xuelin Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Jiang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shuting Song
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yabin Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Su Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; School of Forensic Sciences, Xi'an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Feng Sun
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Jianfeng Chang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Benabou S, Ruckebusch C, Sliwa M, Aviñó A, Eritja R, Gargallo R, de Juan A. Study of light-induced formation of photodimers in the i-motif nucleic acid structure by rapid-scan FTIR difference spectroscopy and hybrid hard- and soft-modelling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19635-19646. [PMID: 30010680 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00850g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The i-motif is a DNA structure formed by cytosine-rich sequences, very relevant from a biochemical point of view and potentially useful in nanotechnology as pH-sensitive nanodevices or nanomotors. To provide a different view on the structural changes and dynamics of direct excitation processes involving i-motif structures, the use of rapid-scan FTIR spectroscopy is proposed. Hybrid hard- and soft-modelling based on the Multivariate Curve Resolution by Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) algorithm has been used for the resolution of rapid-scan FTIR spectra and the interpretation of the photochemically induced time-dependent conformational changes of i-motif structures. The hybrid hard- and soft-modelling version of MCR-ALS (HS-MCR), which allows the introduction of kinetic models to describe process behavior, provides also rate constants associated with the transitions modeled. The results show that UV irradiation does not produce degradation of the studied sequences but induces the formation of photodimers. The presence of these affect much more the stability of i-motif structures formed by short sequences than that of those formed by longer sequences containing additional structural stabilizing elements, such as hairpins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Benabou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí I Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Kong D, Zhao L, Sun L, Fan S, Li H, Zhao Y, Guo Z, Lin L, Cui L, Wang K, Chen W, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Li Y. MYCN is a novel oncogenic target in adult B-ALL that activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by suppressing DKK3. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3627-3637. [PMID: 29673070 PMCID: PMC6010754 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf‐3 (DKK3) is frequently down‐regulated by promoter hypermethylation and is closely associated with a poor prognosis in many cancers. Our previous studies have shown that miR‐708 down‐regulates DKK3 at the post‐transcriptional level in B‐ALL. However, whether transcriptional mechanisms lead to DKK3 silencing remains unclear. Here, we analysed the promoter regions of DKK3 by bioinformatics and found binding sites for MYCN. A dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay and ChIP experiments revealed that MYCN negatively regulates DKK3 at the transcriptional level in B‐ALL cell lines, and using bisulphite sequencing PCR, we affirmed that MYCN has no effect on the methylation of the DKK3 promoter. MYCN silencing in B‐ALL cells resulted in reduced cell proliferation, increased apoptosis and G1 phase arrest. Treatment with MYCN siRNA or 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐AdC), a demethylating agent, significantly increased the levels of DKK3 mRNA and protein and decreased the protein levels of p‐GSK3β and nuclear β‐catenin, which indicates inhibition of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in vitro. MYCN knockdown significantly decreased the tumorigenic capacity of Nalm6 cells, which restored DKK3 levels and inhibited the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in vivo. Our study provides an increased understanding of adult B‐ALL pathogenesis, which may be beneficial to the development of effective prognostic markers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Kong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shengjin Fan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huibo Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhibo Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Leilei Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Cui
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjia Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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25
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Zhang W, Liu B, Wu W, Li L, Broom BM, Basourakos SP, Korentzelos D, Luan Y, Wang J, Yang G, Park S, Azad AK, Cao X, Kim J, Corn PG, Logothetis CJ, Aparicio AM, Chinnaiyan AM, Navone N, Troncoso P, Thompson TC. Targeting the MYCN-PARP-DNA Damage Response Pathway in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:696-707. [PMID: 29138344 PMCID: PMC5823274 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: We investigated MYCN-regulated molecular pathways in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) classified by morphologic criteria as adenocarcinoma or neuroendocrine to extend the molecular phenotype, establish driver pathways, and identify novel approaches to combination therapy for neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC).Experimental Design and Results: Using comparative bioinformatics analyses of CRPC-Adeno and CRPC-Neuro RNA sequence data from public data sets and a panel of 28 PDX models, we identified a MYCN-PARP-DNA damage response (DDR) pathway that is enriched in CRPC with neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) and CRPC-Neuro. ChIP-PCR assay revealed that N-MYC transcriptionally activates PARP1, PARP2, BRCA1, RMI2, and TOPBP1 through binding to the promoters of these genes. MYCN or PARP1 gene knockdown significantly reduced the expression of MYCN-PARP-DDR pathway genes and NED markers, and inhibition with MYCNsi and/or PARPsi, BRCA1si, or RMI2si significantly suppressed malignant activities, including cell viability, colony formation, and cell migration, in C4-2b4 and NCI-H660 cells. Targeting this pathway with AURKA inhibitor PHA739358 and PARP inhibitor olaparib generated therapeutic effects similar to those of gene knockdown in vitro and significantly suppressed tumor growth in both C4-2b4 and MDACC PDX144-13C subcutaneous models in vivoConclusions: Our results identify a novel MYCN-PARP-DDR pathway that is driven by N-MYC in a subset of CRPC-Adeno and in NEPC. Targeting this pathway using in vitro and in vivo CRPC-Adeno and CRPC-Neuro models demonstrated a novel therapeutic strategy for NEPC. Further investigation of N-MYC-regulated DDR gene targets and the biological and clinical significance of MYCN-PARP-DDR signaling will more fully elucidate the importance of the MYCN-PARP-DDR signaling pathway in the development and maintenance of NEPC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(3); 696-707. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Likun Li
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bradley M Broom
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Spyridon P Basourakos
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dimitrios Korentzelos
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yang Luan
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sanghee Park
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xuhong Cao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeri Kim
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul G Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ana M Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nora Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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26
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Hsu CL, Chang HY, Chang JY, Hsu WM, Huang HC, Juan HF. Unveiling MYCN regulatory networks in neuroblastoma via integrative analysis of heterogeneous genomics data. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36293-36310. [PMID: 27167114 PMCID: PMC5095001 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MYCN, an oncogenic transcription factor of the Myc family, is a major driver of neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. Due to the difficulty in drugging MYCN directly, revealing the molecules in MYCN regulatory networks will help to identify effective therapeutic targets for neuroblastoma therapy. Here we perform ChIP-sequencing and small RNA-sequencing of neuroblastoma cells to determine the MYCN-binding sites and MYCN-associated microRNAs, and integrate various types of genomic data to construct MYCN regulatory networks. The overall analysis indicated that MYCN-regulated genes were involved in a wide range of biological processes and could be used as signatures to identify poor-prognosis MYCN-non-amplified patients. Analysis of the MYCN binding sites showed that MYCN principally served as an activator. Using a computational approach, we identified 32 MYCN co-regulators, and some of these findings are supported by previous studies. Moreover, we investigated the interplay between MYCN transcriptional and microRNA post-transcriptional regulations and identified several microRNAs, such as miR-124-3p and miR-93-5p, which may significantly contribute to neuroblastoma pathogenesis. We also found MYCN and its regulated microRNAs acted together to repress the tumor suppressor genes. This work provides a comprehensive view of MYCN regulations for exploring therapeutic targets in neuroblastoma, as well as insights into the mechanism of neuroblastoma tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yun Chang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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27
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Proliferation and Survival of Embryonic Sympathetic Neuroblasts by MYCN and Activated ALK Signaling. J Neurosci 2017; 36:10425-10439. [PMID: 27707976 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0183-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood tumor that arises from the sympathoadrenal lineage. MYCN amplification is the most reliable marker for poor prognosis and MYCN overexpression in embryonic mouse sympathetic ganglia results in NB-like tumors. MYCN cooperates with mutational activation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), which promotes progression to NB, but the role of MYCN and ALK in tumorigenesis is still poorly understood. Here, we use chick sympathetic neuroblasts to examine the normal function of MYCN and MYC in the control of neuroblast proliferation, as well as effects of overexpression of MYCN, MYC, and activated ALK, alone and in combination. We demonstrate that MYC is more strongly expressed than MYCN during neurogenesis and is important for in vitro neuroblast proliferation. MYC and MYCN overexpression elicits increased proliferation but does not sustain neuroblast survival. Unexpectedly, long-term expression of activated ALKF1174L leads to cell-cycle arrest and promotes differentiation and survival of postmitotic neurons. ALKF1174L induces NEFM, RET, and VACHT and results in decreased expression of proapototic (BMF, BIM), adrenergic (TH), and cell-cycle genes (e.g., CDC25A, CDK1). In contrast, neuroblast proliferation is maintained when MYCN and ALKF1174L are coexpressed. Proliferating MYCN/ALKF1174L neuroblasts display a differentiated phenotype but differ from ALK-expressing neurons by the upregulation of SKP2, CCNA2, E2F8, and DKC1 Inhibition of the ubiquitin ligase SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2), which targets the CDK inhibitor p27 for degradation, reduces neuroblast proliferation, implicating SKP2 in the maintained proliferation of MYCN/ALKF1174L neuroblasts. Together, our results characterize MYCN/ALK cooperation leading to neuroblast proliferation and survival that may represent initial steps toward NB development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT MYCN overexpression combined with activated anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is sufficient to induce neuroblastoma (NB) in mouse sympathoadrenal cells. To address cellular and molecular effects elicited by MYCN/ALK cooperation, we used cultures of chick sympathetic neuroblasts. We demonstrate that MYCN increases proliferation but not survival, whereas long-term expression of ALKF1174L elicits cell-cycle exit, differentiation, and survival of postmitotic neurons. Combined MYCN/ALKF1174L expression allows long-term proliferation and survival of neuroblasts with differentiated characteristics. In the presence of ALKF1174L signaling, MYCN induces the expression of the ubiquitin ligase SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2), which targets p27 for degradation and is also upregulated in high-risk NB. SKP2 inhibition supports a function for SKP2 in the maintained neuroblast proliferation downstream of MYCN/ALK, which may represent an early step toward tumorigenesis.
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28
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Estiar MA, Javan F, Zekri A, Mehrazin M, Mehdipour P. Prognostic significance of MYCN gene amplification and protein expression in primary brain tumors: Astrocytoma and meningioma. Cancer Biomark 2017; 19:341-351. [PMID: 28453467 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytoma and meningioma are the most common primary brain tumors. MYCN as a member of MYC proto-oncogenes has recently appeared as an attractive therapeutic target. Functions of MYCN are critical for growth of nervous system and neural differentiation. OBJECTIVE We examined MYCN amplification and protein expression in astrocytoma and meningioma cases. METHODS In this study, we used real-time PCR, FISH assay and flowcytometry to analyze DNA amplification and protein expression of MYCN. RESULTS Among 30 samples of brain tumor, 14 cases (46.6%) revealed MYCN amplification. High-protein expression of MYCN was also observed in 43.3% of patients. There was a significant correlation between MYCN gene amplification and protein expression (r= 0.523; p= 0.003), interestingly five case showed discrepancy between the gene amplification and protein expression. Although MYCN amplification fails to show correlation with poor prognosis (p= 0.305), protein high-expression of MYCN significantly reduce disease-free survival (p= 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Our results challenge the concept of the neural specificity of MYCN by demonstrating contribution of MYCN in meningioma. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of research at both level of DNA and protein, to determine the biological functions and medical impacts of MYCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Asghari Estiar
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Javan
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zekri
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mehrazin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mehdipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Samaraweera L, Spengler BA, Ross RA. Reciprocal antagonistic regulation of N-myc mRNA by miR‑17 and the neuronal-specific RNA-binding protein HuD. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:545-550. [PMID: 28560387 PMCID: PMC5492688 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer originating from embryonic neural crest cells. Amplification of the proto-oncogene N-myc, seen in ~30% of neuroblastoma tumors, is a marker for poor prognosis. Recently discovered small regulatory RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), are implicated in cancers, including neuroblastoma. miRNAs downregulate the expression of genes by binding to the 3-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs), thereby inhibiting translation or inducing degradation of cognate mRNAs. Our study sought to identify miRNAs that regulate N-myc expression and thereby malignancy in neuroblastoma. miRNAs whose expression negatively correlates with N-myc expression were identified from a miRNA microarray of 4 N-myc-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines. Three of these miRNAs (miR-17, miR-20a and miR-18a) belong to the miR-17-92 cluster, previously shown to be upregulated by N-myc. qPCR validation of these miRNAs in a larger panel of cell lines revealed that levels of miR-17 were inversely proportional to N-myc mRNA amounts in the N-myc-amplified cell lines. Notably, miR-17 also downregulated N-myc protein synthesis in the N-myc-amplified cells, thereby generating a negative feedback regulatory loop between the proto-oncogene and this miRNA. Moreover, the neuronal-specific RNA-binding protein HuD (ELAVL4), which regulates the processing/stability of N-myc mRNA, competes with miR-17 for a binding site in the 3′-UTR of N-myc. Thus, N-myc levels appear to be modulated by the antagonistic interactions of both miR-17, as a negative regulator, and HuD, as a positive regulator, providing further evidence of the complex cellular control mechanisms of this oncogene in N-myc-amplified neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leleesha Samaraweera
- Department of Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Barbara A Spengler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Robert A Ross
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
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30
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The MYCN Protein in Health and Disease. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8040113. [PMID: 28358317 PMCID: PMC5406860 DOI: 10.3390/genes8040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MYCN is a member of the MYC family of proto-oncogenes. It encodes a transcription factor, MYCN, involved in the control of fundamental processes during embryonal development. The MYCN protein is situated downstream of several signaling pathways promoting cell growth, proliferation and metabolism of progenitor cells in different developing organs and tissues. Conversely, deregulated MYCN signaling supports the development of several different tumors, mainly with a childhood onset, including neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and Wilms’ tumor, but it is also associated with some cancers occurring during adulthood such as prostate and lung cancer. In neuroblastoma, MYCN-amplification is the most consistent genetic aberration associated with poor prognosis and treatment failure. Targeting MYCN has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these tumors and great efforts have allowed the development of direct and indirect MYCN inhibitors with potential clinical use.
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31
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Esposito MR, Aveic S, Seydel A, Tonini GP. Neuroblastoma treatment in the post-genomic era. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:14. [PMID: 28178969 PMCID: PMC5299732 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an embryonic malignancy of early childhood originating from neural crest cells and showing heterogeneous biological, morphological, genetic and clinical characteristics. The correct stratification of neuroblastoma patients within risk groups (low, intermediate, high and ultra-high) is critical for the adequate treatment of the patients. High-throughput technologies in the Omics disciplines are leading to significant insights into the molecular pathogenesis of neuroblastoma. Nonetheless, further study of Omics data is necessary to better characterise neuroblastoma tumour biology. In the present review, we report an update of compounds that are used in preclinical tests and/or in Phase I-II trials for neuroblastoma. Furthermore, we recapitulate a number of compounds targeting proteins associated to neuroblastoma: MYCN (direct and indirect inhibitors) and downstream targets, Trk, ALK and its downstream signalling pathways. In particular, for the latter, given the frequency of ALK gene deregulation in neuroblastoma patients, we discuss on second-generation ALK inhibitors in preclinical or clinical phases developed for the treatment of neuroblastoma patients resistant to crizotinib. We summarise how Omics drive clinical trials for neuroblastoma treatment and how much the research of biological targets is useful for personalised medicine. Finally, we give an overview of the most recent druggable targets selected by Omics investigation and discuss how the Omics results can provide us additional advantages for overcoming tumour drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Esposito
- Paediatric Research Institute, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, Padua, 35127, Italy.
| | - Sanja Aveic
- Paediatric Research Institute, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, Padua, 35127, Italy
| | - Anke Seydel
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Tonini
- Paediatric Research Institute, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, Padua, 35127, Italy
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32
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He W, Wu Y, Tang X, Xia Y, He G, Min Z, Li C, Xiong S, Shi Z, Lu Y, Yuan Z. HDAC inhibitors suppress c-Jun/Fra-1-mediated proliferation through transcriptionally downregulating MKK7 and Raf1 in neuroblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:6727-47. [PMID: 26734995 PMCID: PMC4872745 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcriptional factor composed of the dimeric members of bZIP proteins, which are frequently deregulated in human cancer cells. In this study, we aimed to identify an oncogenic AP-1 dimer critical for the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells and to investigate whether histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), a new generation of anticancer agents, could target the AP-1 dimer. We report here that HDACIs including trichostatin A, suberoylanilidehydroxamic acid, valproic acid and M344 can transcriptionally suppress both c-Jun and Fra-1, preceding their inhibition of cell growth. c-Jun preferentially interacting with Fra-1 as a heterodimer is responsible for AP-1 activity and critical for cell growth. Mechanistically, HDACIs suppress Fra-1 expression through transcriptionally downregulating Raf1 and subsequently decreasing MEK1/2-ERK1/2 activity. Unexpectedly, HDACI treatment caused MKK7 downregulation at both the protein and mRNA levels. Deletion analysis of the 5′-flanking sequence of the MKK7 gene revealed that a major element responsible for the downregulation by HDACI is located at −149 to −3 relative to the transcriptional start site. Knockdown of MKK7 but not MKK4 remarkably decreased JNK/c-Jun activity and proliferation, whereas ectopic MKK7-JNK1 reversed HDACI-induced c-Jun suppression. Furthermore, suppression of both MKK-7/c-Jun and Raf-1/Fra-1 activities was involved in the tumor growth inhibitory effects induced by SAHA in SH-SY5Y xenograft mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that c-Jun/Fra-1 dimer is critical for neuroblastoma cell growth and that HDACIs act as effective suppressors of the two oncogenes through transcriptionally downregulating MKK7 and Raf1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanna Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhen He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqun Min
- Clinical Laboratory Center of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqiu Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Zhi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongmin Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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33
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N-Myc overexpression increases cisplatin resistance in neuroblastoma via deregulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16082. [PMID: 28028439 PMCID: PMC5149579 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Myc is a global transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in a number of essential cellular processes including: ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle and apoptosis. Upon deregulation, N-Myc can drive pathologic expression of many of these genes, which ultimately defines its oncogenic potential. Overexpression of N-Myc has been demonstrated to contribute to tumorigenesis, most notably for the pediatric tumor, neuroblastoma. Herein, we provide evidence that deregulated N-Myc alters the expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics. We found that N-Myc overexpression leads to increased fusion of the mitochondrial reticulum secondary to changes in protein expression due to aberrant transcriptional and post-translational regulation. We believe the structural changes in the mitochondrial network in response to N-Myc amplification in neuroblastoma contributes to two important aspects of tumor development and maintenance—bioenergetic alterations and apoptotic resistance. Specifically, we found that N-Myc overexpressing cells are resistant to programmed cell death in response to exposure to low doses of cisplatin, and demonstrated that this was dependent on increased mitochondrial fusion. We speculate that these changes in mitochondrial structure and function may contribute significantly to the aggressive clinical ph9enotype of N-Myc amplified neuroblastoma.
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34
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Micale MA, Embrey B, Macknis JK, Harper CE, Aughton DJ. Constitutional 560.49 kb chromosome 2p24.3 duplication including the MYCN gene identified by SNP chromosome microarray analysis in a child with multiple congenital anomalies and bilateral Wilms tumor. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:618-623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Epigenetic dysregulation in neuroblastoma: A tale of miRNAs and DNA methylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:1502-1514. [PMID: 27751904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In neuroblastoma, the epigenetic landscape is more profoundly altered in aggressive compared to lower grade tumors and the concomitant hypermethylation of many genes, defined as "methylator phenotype", has been associated with poor outcome. DNA methylation can interfere with gene expression acting at distance through the methylation or demethylation of the regulatory regions of miRNAs. The multiplicity of miRNA targets may result in the simultaneous alteration of many biological pathways like cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and differentiation. We have analyzed the methylation status of a set of miRNAs in a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines and identified a subset of hypermethylated and down-regulated miRNAs (miRNA 34b-3p, miRNA 34b-5p, miRNA34c-5p, and miRNA 124-2-3p) involved in the regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis and in the control of MYCN expression. These miRNAs share, in part, some of the targets whose expression is inversely correlated to the methylation and expression of the corresponding miRNA. To simulate the effect of the demethylation of miRNAs, we transfected the corresponding miRNA-mimics in the same cell lines and observed the down-regulation of a set of their target genes as well as the partial block of the cell cycle and the activation of the apoptotic pathway. The epigenetic alterations of miRNAs described in the present study were found also in a subset of patients at high risk of progression. Our data disclosed a complex network of interactions between epigenetically altered miRNAs and target genes, that could interfere at multiple levels in the control of cell homeostasis.
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36
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Schmidt SF, Madsen JGS, Frafjord KØ, Poulsen LLC, Salö S, Boergesen M, Loft A, Larsen BD, Madsen MS, Holst JJ, Maechler P, Dalgaard LT, Mandrup S. Integrative Genomics Outlines a Biphasic Glucose Response and a ChREBP-RORγ Axis Regulating Proliferation in β Cells. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2359-72. [PMID: 27545881 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is an important inducer of insulin secretion, but it also stimulates long-term adaptive changes in gene expression that can either promote or antagonize the proliferative potential and function of β cells. Here, we have generated time-resolved profiles of enhancer and transcriptional activity in response to glucose in the INS-1E pancreatic β cell line. Our data outline a biphasic response with a first transcriptional wave during which metabolic genes are activated, and a second wave where cell-cycle genes are activated and β cell identity genes are repressed. The glucose-sensing transcription factor ChREBP directly activates first wave enhancers, whereas repression and activation of second wave enhancers are indirect. By integrating motif enrichment within late-regulated enhancers with expression profiles of the associated transcription factors, we have identified multiple putative regulators of the second wave. These include RORγ, the activity of which is important for glucose-induced proliferation of both INS-1E and primary rat β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Fisker Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jesper Grud Skat Madsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; NNF Center of Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kari Østerli Frafjord
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lars la Cour Poulsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Sofia Salö
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Michael Boergesen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Anne Loft
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Bjørk Ditlev Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Maria Stahl Madsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- NNF Center of Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Louise Torp Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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37
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Overexpression of MYCN promotes proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12855-12866. [PMID: 27449038 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
V-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (MYCN) is an oncogene that is known amplified and overexpressed in different human malignancies including small cell lung cancer. However, the role of MYCN in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development remains elusive. In the present study, Western blot and immunohistochemistry assays demonstrated that MYCN was overexpressed in NSCLC tumor tissues and cell lines. In addition, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that upregulation of MYCN expression was positively correlated with a more invasive tumor phenotype and poor prognosis. In vitro studies using serum starvation-refeeding experiment and MYCN-siRNA transfection assay demonstrated that MYCN expression promoted proliferation of NSCLC cells, while MYCN knockdown led to decreased cell growth resulted from growth arrest of cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, upregulation and knockdown of sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SRY) (SOX2), which was a well-known oncogene, confirmed that MYCN might be a downstream gene of the transcription factor SOX2. Collectively, our finding suggested that MYCN might contribute to the progression of NSCLC by enhancing cell proliferation, and that targeting MYCN might provide beneficial effects for the clinical therapy of NSCLC.
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38
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Lau DT, Flemming CL, Gherardi S, Perini G, Oberthuer A, Fischer M, Juraeva D, Brors B, Xue C, Norris MD, Marshall GM, Haber M, Fletcher JI, Ashton LJ. MYCN amplification confers enhanced folate dependence and methotrexate sensitivity in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15510-23. [PMID: 25860940 PMCID: PMC4558167 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MYCN amplification occurs in 20% of neuroblastomas and is strongly related to poor clinical outcome. We have identified folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism as highly upregulated in neuroblastoma tumors with MYCN amplification and have validated this finding experimentally by showing that MYCN amplified neuroblastoma cell lines have a higher requirement for folate and are significantly more sensitive to the antifolate methotrexate than cell lines without MYCN amplification. We have demonstrated that methotrexate uptake in neuroblastoma cells is mediated principally by the reduced folate carrier (RFC; SLC19A1), that SLC19A1 and MYCN expression are highly correlated in both patient tumors and cell lines, and that SLC19A1 is a direct transcriptional target of N-Myc. Finally, we assessed the relationship between SLC19A1 expression and patient survival in two independent primary tumor cohorts and found that SLC19A1 expression was associated with increased risk of relapse or death, and that SLC19A1 expression retained prognostic significance independent of age, disease stage and MYCN amplification. This study adds upregulation of folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism to the known consequences of MYCN amplification, and suggests that this pathway might be targeted in poor outcome tumors with MYCN amplification and high SLC19A1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana T Lau
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Claudia L Flemming
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Giovanni Perini
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - André Oberthuer
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dilafruz Juraeva
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chengyuan Xue
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Lesley J Ashton
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Research Portfolio, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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39
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MYCN-mediated miR-21 overexpression enhances chemo-resistance via targeting CADM1 in tongue cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1129-1141. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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CTCF cooperates with noncoding RNA MYCNOS to promote neuroblastoma progression through facilitating MYCN expression. Oncogene 2015; 35:3565-76. [PMID: 26549029 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated the important roles of MYCN in tumorigenesis and progression of neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial solid tumor derived from neural crest in childhood. However, the regulatory mechanisms of MYCN expression in NB still remain largely unknown. In this study, through mining public microarray databases and analyzing the cis-regulatory elements and chromatin immunoprecipitation data sets, we identified CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) as a crucial transcription factor facilitating the MYCN expression in NB. RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay, RNA pull down and in vitro binding assay indicated the physical interaction between CTCF and MYCN opposite strand (MYCNOS), a natural noncoding RNA surrounding the MYNC promoter. Gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that MYCNOS facilitated the recruitment of CTCF to its binding sites within the MYCN promoter to induce chromatin remodeling, resulting in enhanced MYCN levels and altered downstream gene expression, in cultured NB cell lines. CTCF cooperated with MYCNOS to suppress the differentiation and promote the growth, invasion and metastasis of NB cells in vitro and in vivo. In clinical NB tissues and cell lines, CTCF and MYCNOS were upregulated and positively correlated with MYCN expression. CTCF was an independent prognostic factor for unfavorable outcome of NB, and patients with high MYCNOS expression had lower survival probability. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CTCF cooperates with noncoding RNA MYCNOS to exhibit oncogenic activity that affects the aggressiveness and progression of NB through transcriptional upregulation of MYCN.
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41
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Cortés C, Kozma SC, Tauler A, Ambrosio S. MYCN concurrence with SAHA-induced cell death in human neuroblastoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:341-52. [PMID: 26306783 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past, the HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) has been shown to induce apoptosis in several human tumor types, including neuroblastomas. Amplification and over-expression of the MYCN oncogene is a diagnostic hallmark and a poor prognostic indicator in high-risk neuroblastomas. Here, we studied the relationship between MYCN amplification and over-expression and the anti-tumor effect of SAHA to assess whether this drug may serve as a treatment option for high-risk neuroblastomas. METHODS Different human neuroblastoma cell lines, over-expressing or not over-expressing MYCN, were used in this study. Targeted knockdown and exogenous over-expression of MYCN were employed to examine correlations between MYCN expression levels and SAHA responses. After various time periods and concentration exposures to the drug, cell viability was measured by MTS assay, and variations in MYCN mRNA and protein levels were assessed by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS We found that SAHA decreased cell viability in all cell lines tested through apoptosis induction, and that SAHA had a stronger effect on cell lines carrying an amplified MYCN gene. A decrease in MYCN mRNA and protein levels was observed in the SAHA treated cell lines. Subsequent silencing and exogenous over-expression of MYCN changed the proliferation rate of the cells, but did not have any significant impact on the effect of SAHA on the viability of the cells. We also found that SAHA blocked the expression of MYCN and, by doing so, reduced the effects mediated by this protein. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SAHA may be used as a single-drug treatment option for neuroblastomas with an amplified MYCN gene, and as an adjuvant treatment option for all neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Cortés
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, 08907, Spain
| | - Sara C Kozma
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, 08907, Spain
| | - Albert Tauler
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, 08907, Spain
| | - Santiago Ambrosio
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Dep. Ciències Fisiològiques II, Facultat de Medicina, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, 08907, Spain.
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Xu C, Buczkowski KA, Zhang Y, Asahina H, Beauchamp EM, Terai H, Li YY, Meyerson M, Wong KK, Hammerman PS. NSCLC Driven by DDR2 Mutation Is Sensitive to Dasatinib and JQ1 Combination Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2015. [PMID: 26206333 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models of lung cancer have demonstrated an important role in understanding the function of novel lung cancer oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes identified in genomic studies of human lung cancer. Furthermore, these models are important platforms for preclinical therapeutic studies. Here, we generated a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma driven by mutation of the discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) gene combined with loss of TP53. DDR2(L63V);TP53(L/L) mice developed poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinomas in all transgenic animals analyzed with a latency of 40 to 50 weeks and a median survival of 67.5 weeks. Mice expressing wild-type DDR2 with combined TP53 loss did not form lung cancers. DDR2(L63V);TP53(L/L) tumors displayed robust expression of DDR2 and immunohistochemical markers of lung adenocarcinoma comparable with previously generated models, though also displayed concomitant expression of the squamous cell markers p63 and SOX2. Tumor-derived cell lines were not solely DDR2 dependent and displayed upregulation of and partial dependence on MYCN. Combined treatment with the multitargeted DDR2 inhibitor dasatinib and BET inhibitor JQ1 inhibited tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results suggest that DDR2 mutation can drive lung cancer initiation in vivo and provide a novel mouse model for lung cancer therapeutics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin A Buczkowski
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanxi Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hajime Asahina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellen M Beauchamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hideki Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yvonne Y Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Evans L, Chen L, Milazzo G, Gherardi S, Perini G, Willmore E, Newell DR, Tweddle DA. SKP2 is a direct transcriptional target of MYCN and a potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Cancer Lett 2015; 363:37-45. [PMID: 25843293 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SKP2 is the substrate recognition subunit of the ubiquitin ligase complex which targets p27(KIP1) for degradation. Induced at the G1/S transit of the cell cycle, SKP2 is frequently overexpressed in human cancers and contributes to malignancy. We previously identified SKP2 as a possible MYCN target gene and hence hypothesise that SKP2 is a potential therapeutic target in MYCN amplified disease. A positive correlation was identified between MYCN activity and SKP2 mRNA expression in Tet21N MYCN-regulatable cells and a panel of MYCN amplified and non-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines. In chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter gene assays, MYCN bound directly to E-boxes within the SKP2 promoter and induced transcriptional activity which was decreased by the removal of MYCN and E-box mutation. Although SKP2 knockdown inhibited cell growth in both MYCN amplified and non-amplified cells, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were induced only in non-MYCN amplified neuroblastoma cells. In conclusion these data identify SKP2 as a direct transcriptional target of MYCN and supports SKP2 as a potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evans
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Lindi Chen
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Giorgio Milazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Samuele Gherardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, Bologna 40126, Italy; Health Science and Technologies-Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, Ozzano Emilia (Bologna) 40064, Italy
| | - Giovanni Perini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, Bologna 40126, Italy; Health Science and Technologies-Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, Ozzano Emilia (Bologna) 40064, Italy
| | - Elaine Willmore
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - David R Newell
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Deborah A Tweddle
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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Khan FH, Pandian V, Ramraj S, Aravindan S, Herman TS, Aravindan N. Reorganization of metastamiRs in the evolution of metastatic aggressive neuroblastoma cells. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:501. [PMID: 26148557 PMCID: PMC4491873 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MetastamiRs have momentous clinical relevance and have been correlated with disease progression in many tumors. In this study, we identified neuroblastoma metastamiRs exploiting unique mouse models of favorable and high-risk metastatic human neuroblastoma. Further, we related their deregulation to the modulation of target proteins and established their association with clinical outcomes. Results Whole genome miRNA microarray analysis identified 74 metastamiRs across the manifold of metastatic tumors. RT-qPCR on select miRNAs validated profile expression. Results from bio-informatics across the ingenuity pathway, miRCancer, and literature data-mining endorsed the expression of these miRNAs in multiple tumor systems and showed their role in metastasis, identifying them as metastamiRs. Immunoblotting and TMA-IHC analyses revealed alterations in the expression/phosphorylation of metastamiRs’ targets, including ADAMTS-1, AKT1/2/3, ASK1, AURKβ, Birc1, Birc2, Bric5, β-CATENIN, CASP8, CD54, CDK4, CREB, CTGF, CXCR4, CYCLIN-D1, EGFR, ELK1, ESR1, CFOS, FOSB, FRA, GRB10, GSK3β, IL1α, JUND, kRAS, KRTAP1, MCP1, MEGF10, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP10, MTA2, MYB, cMYC, NF2, NOS3, P21, pP38, PTPN3, CLEAVED PARP, PKC, SDF-1β, SEMA3D, SELE, STAT3, TLR3, TNFα, TNFR1, and VEGF in aggressive cells ex vivo and in a manifold of metastatic tumors in vivo. miRNA mimic (hsa-miR-125b, hsa-miR-27b, hsa-miR-93, hsa-miR-20a) and inhibitor (hsa-miR-1224-3p, hsa-miR-1260) approach for select miRNAs revealed the direct influence of the altered metastamiRs in the regulation of identified protein targets. Clinical outcome association analysis with the validated metastamiRs’ targets corresponded strongly with poor overall and relapse-free survival. Conclusions For the first time, these results identified a comprehensive list of neuroblastoma metastamiRs, related their deregulation to altered expression of protein targets, and established their association with poor clinical outcomes. The identified set of distinctive neuroblastoma metastamiRs could serve as potential candidates for diagnostic markers for the switch from favorable to high-risk metastatic disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1642-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan H Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940, Stanton L. Young Boulevard, BMSB 737, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Vijayabaskar Pandian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940, Stanton L. Young Boulevard, BMSB 737, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Satishkumar Ramraj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940, Stanton L. Young Boulevard, BMSB 737, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Sheeja Aravindan
- Stephenson Cancer Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1468, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Terence S Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940, Stanton L. Young Boulevard, BMSB 737, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Stephenson Cancer Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1468, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Natarajan Aravindan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940, Stanton L. Young Boulevard, BMSB 737, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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45
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Phenotype and Immunophenotype of the Most Common Pediatric Tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2015; 23:313-26. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Clark O, Park I, Di Florio A, Cichon AC, Rustin S, Jugov R, Maeshima R, Stoker AW. Oxovanadium-based inhibitors can drive redox-sensitive cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells and synergise strongly with buthionine sulfoximine. Cancer Lett 2014; 357:316-327. [PMID: 25444896 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In a wide range of neuroblastoma-derived lines oxovanadium compounds such as bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV) are cytotoxic. This is not explained by oxidative stress or inhibition of ion channels. Genotoxicity is unlikely given that a p53 response is absent and p53-mutant lines are also sensitive. Cytotoxicity is inhibited by N-acetyl cysteine and glutathione ester, indicating that BMOV action is sensitive to cytoplasmic redox and thiol status. Significantly, combining BMOV with glutathione synthesis inhibition greatly enhances BMOV-induced cell death. This combination treatment triggers high AKT pathway activation, highlighting the potential functional importance of PTP inhibition by BMOV. AKT activation itself, however, is not required for cytotoxicity. Oxovanadium compounds may thus represent novel leads as p53-independent therapeutics for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Clark
- Cancer Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Inhye Park
- Cancer Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Alessia Di Florio
- Cancer Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ann-Christin Cichon
- Cancer Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Sarah Rustin
- Cancer Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Roman Jugov
- Cancer Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ruhina Maeshima
- Cancer Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Andrew W Stoker
- Cancer Section, Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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Solari V, Borriello L, Turcatel G, Shimada H, Sposto R, Fernandez GE, Asgharzadeh S, Yates EA, Turnbull JE, DeClerck YA. MYCN-dependent expression of sulfatase-2 regulates neuroblastoma cell survival. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5999-6009. [PMID: 25164011 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) play a critical role in the interaction of tumor cells and their microenvironment. HSPG activity is dictated by sulfation patterns controlled by sulfotransferases, which add sulfate groups, and sulfatases (Sulf), which remove 6-O-sulfates. Here, we report altered expression of these enzymes in human neuroblastoma cells with higher levels of Sulf-2 expression, a specific feature of MYCN-amplified cells (MYCN-A cells) that represent a particularly aggressive subclass. Sulf-2 overexpression in neuroblastoma cells lacking MYCN amplification (MYCN-NA cells) increased their in vitro survival. Mechanistic investigations revealed evidence of a link between Sulf-2 expression and MYCN pathogenicity in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of Sulf-2 protein expression in 65 human neuroblastoma tumors demonstrated a higher level of Sulf-2 expression in MYCN-A tumors than in MYCN-NA tumors. In two different patient cohorts, we confirmed the association in expression patterns of Sulf-2 and MYCN and determined that Sulf-2 overexpression predicted poor outcomes in a nonindependent manner with MYCN. Our findings define Sulf-2 as a novel positive regulator of neuroblastoma pathogenicity that contributes to MYCN oncogenicity. Cancer Res; 74(21); 5999-6009. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Solari
- Centre for Glycobiology, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lucia Borriello
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gianluca Turcatel
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard Sposto
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - G Esteban Fernandez
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shahab Asgharzadeh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Centre for Glycobiology, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy E Turnbull
- Centre for Glycobiology, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Yves A DeClerck
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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48
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SHH, WNT, and NOTCH pathways in medulloblastoma: when cancer stem cells maintain self-renewal and differentiation properties. Childs Nerv Syst 2014; 30:1165-72. [PMID: 24695855 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-014-2403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Infant medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant neuroepithelial embryonal tumor of the cerebellum, believed to derive from precursor granule cells with stem or progenitor cells appearance, and caused by a change in expression profile of genes related to the development. This work aims to study the expression profile of these genes in MB tumors, correlating with clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS We quantified, by qPCR in 40 MB tumor samples, the expression of genes in HH (PTCH1, PTCH2, and GLI1), WNT (APC, CTNNB1, WIF1, and DKK2), and NOTCH pathways (NOTCH2 and HES1), which have a crucial role in development, and genes as MYCC, MYCN, and TERT, correlating this findings to patient's clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS Considering the universal RNA as our control sample, and considering the median of gene expression in the control samples as our cutoff, we observed that HES1 gene showed decreased expression compared to control (p = 0.0059), but patients with HES1 overexpression were directly related to a shorter survival (p = 0.0165). Individuals with higher GLI1 gene expression had significant shorter survival (p = 0.0469), and high expression was prevalent in patients up to 5 years old (p = 0.0479). Patients showing high PTCH2 expression were related to worse survival (p = 0.0426), and it was correlated with GLI1 high expression (p = 0.0094). We also observed a concomitant overexpression of WIF1 and DKK2 genes in a subgroup of MB samples (n = 11, p = 0.0118). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the presence of activated developmental signaling pathways in MB, which are important for cell proliferation and maintenance, and that may be targeted for novel therapeutic options.
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Liang J, Tong P, Zhao W, Li Y, Zhang L, Xia Y, Yu Y. The REST gene signature predicts drug sensitivity in neuroblastoma cell lines and is significantly associated with neuroblastoma tumor stage. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11220-33. [PMID: 24968265 PMCID: PMC4139778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150711220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common and deadly solid tumor in children, and there is currently no effective treatment available for neuroblastoma patients. The repressor element-1 silencing transcription (REST) factor has been found to play important roles in the regulation of neural differentiation and tumorigenesis. Recently, a REST signature consisting of downstream targets of REST has been reported to have clinical relevance in both breast cancer and glioblastoma. However it remains unclear how the REST signature works in neuroblastoma. Publicly available datasets were mined and bioinformatic approaches were used to investigate the utility of the REST signature in neuroblastoma with both preclinical and real patient data. The REST signature was found to be associated with drug sensitivity in neuroblastoma cell lines. Further, neuroblastoma patients with enhanced REST activity are significantly associated with higher clinical stages. Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 11q23, which occurs in a large subset of high-risk neuroblastomas, tends to be correlated with high REST activity, with marginal significance. In conclusion, the REST signature has important implications for targeted therapy, and it is a prognostic factor in neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Pan Tong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Wanni Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan 250013, China.
| | - Yaqiao Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ying Xia
- The Vivan L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Yanbing Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
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50
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Kumar A, Fan D, DiPette DJ, Singh US. Sparstolonin B, a novel plant derived compound, arrests cell cycle and induces apoptosis in N-myc amplified and N-myc nonamplified neuroblastoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96343. [PMID: 24788776 PMCID: PMC4006872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumors and accounts for ∼15% of all the cancer related deaths in the children. Despite the standard therapy for advanced disease including chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation, the mortality rate remains high for these patients. Hence, novel therapeutic agents are desperately needed. Here we examined the anticancer activity of a novel plant-derived compound, sparstolonin B (SsnB; 8,5′-dihydroxy-4-phenyl-5,2′-oxidoisocoumarin) using neuroblastoma cell lines of different genetics. SsnB was recently isolated from an aquatic Chinese herb, Sparganium stoloniferum, and tubers of this herb have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of several inflammatory diseases and cancers. Our cell viability and morphological analysis indicated that SsnB at 10 µM concentration significantly inhibited the growth of both N-myc amplified (SK-N-BE(2), NGP, and IMR-32 cells) and N-myc nonamplified (SH-SY5Y and SKNF-1 cells) neuroblastoma cells. The flow cytometric analyses suggested that SsnB arrests the cell cycle progression at G2-M phase in all neuroblastoma cell lines tested. Exposure of SsnB inhibited the compact spheroid formation and reduced the tumorigenicity of SH-SY5Y cells and SK-N-BE(2) cells in in vitro 3-D cell culture assays (anchorage-independent colony formation assay and hanging drop assay). SsnB lowers the cellular level of glutathione (GSH), increases generation of reactive oxygen species and activates the cleavage of caspase-3 whereas co-incubation of a GSH precursor, N-acetylcysteine, along with SsnB attenuates the inhibitory effects of SsnB and increases the neuroblastoma cell viability. Our results for the first time demonstrate that SsnB possesses anticancer activity indicating that SsnB-induced reactive oxygen species generation promotes apoptotic cell death in neuroblastoma cells of different genetic background. Thus these data suggest that SsnB can be a promising drug candidate in neuroblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrish Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Donald J. DiPette
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ugra S. Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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