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van Pelt J, Meeusen B, Derua R, Guffens L, Van Cutsem E, Janssens V, Verslype C. Human pancreatic cancer patients with Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and an aggressive phenotype show a disturbed balance in Protein Phosphatase Type 2A expression and functionality. J Transl Med 2023; 21:317. [PMID: 37170215 PMCID: PMC10176933 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a low survival, its incidence is rising and little therapeutic improvements are expected in the near future. It has been observed that Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes (including in PDAC) to a more aggressive cancer phenotype. Additionally, largely unexplored, studies indicate a mechanistic interplay between Protein Phosphatase Type 2A (PP2A) enzymes and EMT that could offer treatment opportunities. The aim was to investigate the relation of a PP2A expression signature (encompassing all PP2A subunits, endogenous inhibitors and activators) with EMT and aggressive pancreatic cancer, and to discuss possible implications. METHODS We retrieved different PDAC expression datasets from NCBI to capture the variation in patients, and analyzed these using datamining, survival analysis, differential gene and protein expression. We determined genes highly associated with aggressive PDAC. For in vitro evaluation, Panc-1 cells were treated with the pharmacologic PP2A inhibitor Okadaic Acid (OA). Additionally, two OA-resistant Panc-1 clones were developed and characterized. RESULTS In patients, there is a strong correlation between EMT and aggressive PDAC, and between aggressive PDAC and PP2A, with a significant upregulation of PP2A inhibitor genes. Several PP2A genes significantly correlated with decreased survival. In vitro, short-term exposure to OA induced EMT in Panc-1 cells. This shift towards EMT was further pronounced in the OA-resistant Panc-1 clones, morphologically and by pathway analysis. Proteomic analysis and gene sequencing showed that the advanced OA-resistant model most resembles the clinical PDAC presentation (with EMT signature, and with several specific PP2A genes upregulated, and others downregulated). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a strong association between EMT, altered PP2A expression and aggressive PDAC in patients. Also, in vitro, PP2A inhibition induces EMT. Overall, statistics suggests the mechanistic importance of PP2A dysregulation for PDAC progression. Translationally, our observations indicate that pharmacologic restoration of PP2A activity could be an attractive therapeutic strategy to block or reverse progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos van Pelt
- Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Geb. Onderwijs & Navorsing 4, Room 07.465, Herestraat 49, Bus 603, B3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, B3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bob Meeusen
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, O&N1, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, Bus 901, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita Derua
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, O&N1, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, Bus 901, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
- SyBioMa (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Guffens
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, O&N1, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, Bus 901, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Van Cutsem
- Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Geb. Onderwijs & Navorsing 4, Room 07.465, Herestraat 49, Bus 603, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Janssens
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, B3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, O&N1, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, Bus 901, B3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Chris Verslype
- Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven, Geb. Onderwijs & Navorsing 4, Room 07.465, Herestraat 49, Bus 603, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, B3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Galle E, Thienpont B, Cappuyns S, Venken T, Busschaert P, Van Haele M, Van Cutsem E, Roskams T, van Pelt J, Verslype C, Dekervel J, Lambrechts D. DNA methylation-driven EMT is a common mechanism of resistance to various therapeutic agents in cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:27. [PMID: 32059745 PMCID: PMC7023776 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-0821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overcoming therapeutic resistance is one of the major hurdles in cancer care. One mechanism contributing to therapeutic resistance is a process in which epithelial cells switch to a mesenchymal state (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT). The precise mechanisms driving EMT-mediated therapeutic resistance have, however, not been elucidated. Results Here, we study ten cell line pairs, for which parental cell lines were made resistant to either a targeted or chemotherapy-based treatment. First, we show by miRNA-200 overexpression that treatment resistance is driven by EMT. Next, we demonstrate that DNA methylation changes occur within each cell line pair and show that exposure to 5-azacytidine or knock down of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), both of which globally demethylate cells, result in EMT reversal and increased therapeutic sensitivity. This suggests DNA methylation to causally underlie EMT and treatment resistance. We also observe significant overlap in methylation profiles between resistant lines, suggesting a common epigenetic mechanism to cause resistance to therapy. In line with this hypothesis, cross-resistance to other targeted and chemotherapies is observed, while importantly, this is lost upon demethylation of the cells. Finally, we clinically validate that DNA methylation changes drive EMT-mediated resistance to sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Specifically, we develop a capture-based protocol to interrogate DNA methylation in low amounts of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). By interrogating the methylation status in liquid biopsies, longitudinally collected during sorafenib treatment, we assess whether DNA methylation changes also drive EMT and therapy resistance in a clinical setting. Particularly, by monitoring methylation changes in EMT genes, we are able to predict tumor response and acquired resistance to sorafenib. Conclusions We propose methylation changes underlying EMT to constitute a common resistance mechanism to cancer therapies. This process can be reversed pharmacologically and monitored non-invasively in ctDNA to predict resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Galle
- Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Functional Epigenetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernard Thienpont
- Laboratory for Functional Epigenetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Cappuyns
- Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Venken
- Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Busschaert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Haele
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Van Cutsem
- Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos van Pelt
- Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Verslype
- Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Dekervel
- Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Wang X, Dong J, Jia L, Zhao T, Lang M, Li Z, Lan C, Li X, Hao J, Wang H, Qin T, Huang C, Yang S, Yu M, Ren H. HIF-2-dependent expression of stem cell factor promotes metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2017; 393:113-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Xiao B, Liu C, Liu BT, Zhang X, Liu RR, Zhang XW. TTF1-NPs Induce ERS-Mediated Apoptosis and Inhibit Human Hepatoma Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. Oncol Res 2017; 23:311-20. [PMID: 27131317 PMCID: PMC7838666 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14567549091341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that 5,2',4'-trihydroxy-6,7,5'-trimethoxyflavone (TTF1) is the primary anticancer constituent of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Sorbaria sorbifolia (SS), which has been applied to treat cancer in China. In this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects and biological mechanisms of small-molecule TTF1 nanoparticles (TTF1-NPs). The effects of TTF1-NPs on cell growth and apoptosis were investigated using human hepatoma cells. The molecular changes associated with the effects of TTF1-NPs were analyzed by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. The in vivo effect of TTF1-NPs was investigated using the HepG2 tumor xenograft model. We found that TTF1-NPs exhibited antitumor effects in vitro accompanied by induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. Mechanistically, our data showed that TTF1-NPs induced apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway in hepatoma cells. Moreover, inhibition of ERS activation blocked TTF1-NP-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Finally, TTF1-NPs inhibited the growth of HepG2 xenograft tumors. Taken together, our results demonstrated that TTF1-NP-induced apoptosis was mediated at least in part by the ERS pathway and thus inhibited hepatoma tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiao
- College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
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Zheng H, Yang S, Yang Y, Yuan SX, Wu FQ, Wang LL, Yan HL, Sun SH, Zhou WP. Epigenetically silenced long noncoding-SRHC promotes proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:1195-203. [PMID: 25512078 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the expression of SRHC and the role of SRHC in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We analyzed HCC samples and matched non-tumor liver tissues (controls) collected from 81 patients who underwent hepatectomy in Shanghai, China. The expression levels of SRHC were determined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses were used to associate the levels of SRHC with tumor features and patient outcomes. RESULTS We found that a lower SRHC expression level was significantly more frequent in tissues with a high serum a-fetoprotein level (positive, >20 µg/L, P = 0.004) and a low degree of differentiated tumors (poorly differentiated, P = 0.017). Furthermore, we found that the promoter region of SRHC contains a CpG-rich island and that SRHC is down-regulated in tumors by DNA methylation. CONCLUSION Here, we identified a new long noncoding RNA designated as SRHC that is capable of inhibiting cancer proliferation and is down-regulated in tumors at least partly by DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Vangoitsenhoven R, Rondas D, Crèvecoeur I, D'Hertog W, Baatsen P, Masini M, Andjelkovic M, Van Loco J, Matthys C, Mathieu C, Overbergh L, Van der Schueren B. Foodborne cereulide causes beta-cell dysfunction and apoptosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104866. [PMID: 25119564 PMCID: PMC4132018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Hypothesis To study the effects of cereulide, a food toxin often found at low concentrations in take-away meals, on beta-cell survival and function. Methods Cell death was quantified by Hoechst/Propidium Iodide in mouse (MIN6) and rat (INS-1E) beta-cell lines, whole mouse islets and control cell lines (HepG2 and COS-1). Beta-cell function was studied by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Mechanisms of toxicity were evaluated in MIN6 cells by mRNA profiling, electron microscopy and mitochondrial function tests. Results 24 h exposure to 5 ng/ml cereulide rendered almost all MIN6, INS-1E and pancreatic islets apoptotic, whereas cell death did not increase in the control cell lines. In MIN6 cells and murine islets, GSIS capacity was lost following 24 h exposure to 0.5 ng/ml cereulide (P<0.05). Cereulide exposure induced markers of mitochondrial stress including Puma (p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis, P<0.05) and general pro-apoptotic signals as Chop (CCAAT/-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein). Mitochondria appeared swollen upon transmission electron microscopy, basal respiration rate was reduced by 52% (P<0.05) and reactive oxygen species increased by more than twofold (P<0.05) following 24 h exposure to 0.25 and 0.50 ng/ml cereulide, respectively. Conclusions/Interpretation Cereulide causes apoptotic beta-cell death at low concentrations and impairs beta-cell function at even lower concentrations, with mitochondrial dysfunction underlying these defects. Thus, exposure to cereulide even at concentrations too low to cause systemic effects appears deleterious to the beta-cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Vangoitsenhoven
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Rondas
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inne Crèvecoeur
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wannes D'Hertog
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Baatsen
- EM Facility, VIB Bio Imaging Core and VIB department for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matilde Masini
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mirjana Andjelkovic
- Food, Medicines, and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Loco
- Food, Medicines, and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Matthys
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lut Overbergh
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van der Schueren
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Wei X, Li J, Xie H, Ling Q, Wang J, Lu D, Zhou L, Xu X, Zheng S. Proteomics-based identification of the tumor suppressor role of aminoacylase 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2014; 351:117-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lu JW, Liao CY, Yang WY, Lin YM, Jin SLC, Wang HD, Yuh CH. Overexpression of endothelin 1 triggers hepatocarcinogenesis in zebrafish and promotes cell proliferation and migration through the AKT pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85318. [PMID: 24416389 PMCID: PMC3885696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocarcinogenesis commonly involves the gradual progression from hepatitis to fibrosis and cirrhosis, and ultimately to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Endothelin 1 (Edn1) has been identified as a gene that is significantly up-regulated in HBx-induced HCC in mice. In this study, we further investigated the role of edn1 in hepatocarcinogenesis using a transgenic zebrafish model and a cell culture system. Liver-specific edn1 expression caused steatosis, fibrosis, glycogen accumulation, bile duct dilation, hyperplasia, and HCC in zebrafish. Overexpression of EDN1 in 293T cells enhanced cell proliferation and cell migration in in vitro and xenotransplantation assays and was accompanied with up-regulation of several cell cycle/proliferation- and migration-specific genes. Furthermore, expression of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway-related mediators, such as spliced XBP1, ATF6, IRE1, and PERK, was also up-regulated at both the RNA and protein levels. In the presence of an EDN1 inhibitor or an AKT inhibitor, these increases were diminished and the EDN1-induced migration ability also was disappeared, suggesting that the EDN1 effects act through activation of the AKT pathway to enhance the UPR and subsequently activate the expression of downstream genes. Additionally, p-AKT is enhanced in the edn1 transgenic fish compared to the GFP-mCherry control. The micro RNA miR-1 was found to inhibit the expression of EDN1. We also observed an inverse correlation between EDN1 and miR-1 expression in HCC patients. In conclusion, our data suggest that EDN1 plays an important role in HCC progression by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and is regulated by miR-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Wei Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Liao
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Changhua County, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | | | - Horng-Dar Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Hwa Yuh
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Goyal R, Van Wickle J, Goyal D, Matei N, Longo LD. Antenatal maternal long-term hypoxia: acclimatization responses with altered gene expression in ovine fetal carotid arteries. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82200. [PMID: 24367503 PMCID: PMC3867347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans and other species, long-term hypoxia (LTH) during pregnancy can lead to intrauterine growth restriction with reduced body/brain weight, dysregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), and other problems. To identify the signal transduction pathways and critical molecules, which may be involved in acclimatization to high altitude LTH, we conducted microarray with advanced bioinformatic analysis on carotid arteries (CA) from the normoxic near-term ovine fetus at sea-level and those acclimatized to high altitude for 110+ days during gestation. In response to LTH acclimatization, in fetal CA we identified mRNA from 38 genes upregulated >2 fold (P<0.05) and 9 genes downregulated >2-fold (P<0.05). The major genes with upregulated mRNA were SLC1A3, Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein 3, IGF type 2 receptor, transforming growth factor (TGF) Beta-3, and genes involved in the AKT and BCL2 signal transduction networks. Most genes with upregulated mRNA have a common motif for Pbx/Knotted homeobox in the promoter region, and Sox family binding sites in the 3′ un translated region (UTR). Genes with downregulated mRNA included those involved in the P53 pathway and 5-lipoxygenase activating proteins. The promoter region of all genes with downregulated mRNA, had a common 49 bp region with a binding site for DOT6 and TOD6, components of the RPD3 histone deacetylase complex RPD3C(L). We also identified miRNA complementary to a number of the altered genes. Thus, the present study identified molecules in the ovine fetus, which may play a role in the acclimatization response to high-altitude associated LTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Goyal
- Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jonathan Van Wickle
- Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Dipali Goyal
- Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Nathanael Matei
- Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Lawrence D. Longo
- Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
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Wang L, Yao M, Gu X, Shi Y, Qiu LW, Lu SL, Yao DF. Down-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:2937-2944. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i28.2937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To detect the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) in human hepatocellular carcinoma and to observe the effect of silencing HIF-1α gene on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells.
METHODS: Hepatocellular carcinoma tissue samples and matched tumor-adjacent tissue samples were collected to detect the expression and cellular distribution of HIF-1α by immunohistochemistry. HIF-1α-specific miRNAs were synthesized and screened. After HepG2 cells were transfected with a miRNA, the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein was determined by real time-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry and annexin V-FITC/PI double dyeing assay.
RESULTS: HIF-1α was distributed mainly in the cytoplasm and less in the nucleus, which was especially prominent around the central vein. The positive rate of HIF-1α expression was significantly lower in hepatocellular carcinoma than in tumor-adjacent tissue (80% vs 100%, χ2 = 22.35, P < 0.001). HIF-1α expression was correlated with tumor size and differentiation degree. After HepG2 cells were transfected with a miRNA, HIF-1α expression was down-regulated in a time-dependent manner, the apoptosis rate increased significantly (P < 0.01), and HepG2 cells were significantly arrested at G1 phase (proportion of cells in G1 phase: 61.49% ± 1.12%, P < 0.01). In the presence of doxorubicin, the apoptosis rate and the proportion of cells in G1 phase were increased to 36.99% ± 0.88% and 65.68% ± 0.91%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Abnormal HIF-1α expression is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Silencing HIF-1α gene efficiently inhibits the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells possibly by regulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis.
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Ruan JS, Liu YP, Zhang L, Yan LG, Fan FT, Shen CS, Wang AY, Zheng SZ, Wang SM, Lu Y. Luteolin reduces the invasive potential of malignant melanoma cells by targeting β3 integrin and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:1325-31. [PMID: 22983392 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether luteolin, a highly prevalent flavonoid, reverses the effects of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo and to determine the mechanisms underlying this reversal. METHODS Murine malignant melanoma B16F10 cells were exposed to 1% O(2) for 24 h. Cellular mobility and adhesion were assessed using Boyden chamber transwell assay and cell adhesion assay, respectively. EMT-related proteins, such as E-cadherin and N-cadherin, were examined using Western blotting. Female C57BL/6 mice (6 to 8 weeks old) were injected with B16F10 cells (1×10(6) cells in 0.2 mL per mouse) via the lateral tail vein. The mice were treated with luteolin (10 or 20 mg/kg, ip) daily for 23 d. On the 23rd day after tumor injection, the mice were sacrificed, and the lungs were collected, and metastatic foci in the lung surfaces were photographed. Tissue sections were analyzed with immunohistochemistry and HE staining. RESULTS Hypoxia changed the morphology of B16F10 cells in vitro from the cobblestone-like to mesenchymal-like strips, which was accompanied by increased cellular adhesion and invasion. Luteolin (5-50 μmol/L) suppressed the hypoxia-induced changes in the cells in a dose-dependent manner. Hypoxia significantly decreased the expression of E-cadherin while increased the expression of N-cadherin in the cells (indicating the occurrence of EMT-like transformation), which was reversed by luteolin (5 μmol/L). In B16F10 cells, luteolin up-regulated E-cadherin at least partly via inhibiting the β3 integrin/FAK signal pathway. In experimental metastasis model mice, treatment with luteolin (10 or 20 mg/kg) reduced metastatic colonization in the lungs by 50%. Furthermore, the treatment increased the expression of E-cadherin while reduced the expression of vimentin and β3 integrin in the tumor tissues. CONCLUSION Luteolin inhibits the hypoxia-induced EMT in malignant melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo via the regulation of β3 integrin, suggesting that luteolin may be applied as a potential anticancer chemopreventative and chemotherapeutic agent.
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