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Deshet-Unger N, Horn G, Rawet-Slobodkin M, Waks T, Laskov I, Michaan N, Raz Y, Bar V, Zundelevich A, Aharon S, Turovsky L, Mallel G, Salpeter S, Neev G, Hollander KS, Katz BZ, Grisaru D, Globerson Levin A. Comparing Intraperitoneal and Intravenous Personalized ErbB2CAR-T for the Treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092216. [PMID: 36140319 PMCID: PMC9496506 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most common type of epithelial ovarian cancer. The majority of cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, when intraperitoneal (IP) spread has already occurred. Despite significant surgical and chemotherapeutic advances in HGSOC treatment over the past decades, survival rates with HGSOC have only modestly improved. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells enable T cells to directly bind to tumor-associated antigens in a major histocompatibility complex-independent manner, thereby inducing tumor rejection. While CAR-T cell therapy shows great promise in hematological malignancies, its use in solid tumors is limited. Therefore, innovative approaches are needed to increase the specificity of CAR-modified T cells against solid tumors. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal (IP) versus intravenous (IV) CAR-T cell therapy in the treatment of HGSOC. We constructed a CAR that targets the ErbB2/HER2 protein (ErbB2CAR), which is overexpressed in HGSOC, and evaluated the functionality of ErbB2CAR on ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR8, SKOV3, and NAR). Our findings show that an IP injection of ErbB2CAR-T cells to tumor-bearing mice led to disease remission and increased survival compared to the IV route. Moreover, we found that IP-injected ErbB2CART cells circulate to a lesser extent, making them safer for non-tumor tissues than IV-injected cells. Further supporting our findings, we show that the effect of ErbB2CAR-T cells on primary HGSOC tumors is correlated with ErbB2 expression. Together, these data demonstrate the advantages of an IP administration of CAR-T cells over IV administration, offering not only a safer strategy but also the potential for counteracting the effect of ErbB2CAR in HGSOC. Significance: IP-injected ErbB2CAR-T cells led to disease remission and increased survival compared to the IV route. These findings demonstrate the advantages of IP administration, offering a safe treatment strategy with the potential for counteracting the effect of ErbB2CAR in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naamit Deshet-Unger
- Immunology and Advanced CAR-T Therapy, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Galit Horn
- Immunology and Advanced CAR-T Therapy, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Moran Rawet-Slobodkin
- Immunology and Advanced CAR-T Therapy, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Tova Waks
- Immunology and Advanced CAR-T Therapy, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ido Laskov
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Nadav Michaan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yael Raz
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Vered Bar
- cResponce Company, Rehovot 7670102, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guy Neev
- cResponce Company, Rehovot 7670102, Israel
| | - Kenneth Samuel Hollander
- Immunology and Advanced CAR-T Therapy, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Ben-Zion Katz
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Hematology Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Dan Grisaru
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Anat Globerson Levin
- Immunology and Advanced CAR-T Therapy, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Dotan Center for Advanced Therapies, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-6972503
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Immunotherapy and immunoengineering for breast cancer; a comprehensive insight into CAR-T cell therapy advancements, challenges and prospects. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:755-777. [PMID: 35943716 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a highly prevalent solid cancer with a high-rise infiltration of immune cells, turning it into a significant candidate for tumor-specific immunotherapies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are emerging as immunotherapeutic tools with genetically engineered receptors to efficiently recognize and attack tumor cells that express specific target antigens. Technological advancements in CAR design have provided five generations of CAR-T cells applicable to a wide range of cancer patients while boosting CAR-T cell therapy safety. However, CAR-T cell therapy is ineffective against breast cancer because of the loss of specified antigens, the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor and CAR-T cell-induced toxicities. Next-generation CAR-T cells actively pass through the tumor vascular barriers, persist for extended periods and disrupt the tumor microenvironment (TME) to block immune escape. CONCLUSION CAR-T cell therapy embodies advanced immunotherapy for BC, but further pre-clinical and clinical assessments are recommended to achieve maximized efficiency and safety.
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Jiang Y, Wen W, Yang F, Han D, Zhang W, Qin W. Prospect of Prostate Cancer Treatment: Armed CAR-T or Combination Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040967. [PMID: 35205714 PMCID: PMC8869943 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of prostate cancer is higher in male cancers. With a hidden initiation of disease and long duration, prostate cancer seriously affects men's physical and mental health. Prostate cancer is initially androgen-dependent, and endocrine therapy can achieve good results. However, after 18-24 months of endocrine therapy, most patients eventually develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which becomes metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) that is difficult to treat. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy is an emerging immune cell therapy that brings hope to cancer patients. CAR-T has shown considerable advantages in the treatment of hematologic tumors. However, there are still obstacles to CAR-T treatment of solid tumors because the physical barrier and the tumor microenvironment inhibit the function of CAR-T cells. In this article, we review the progress of CAR-T therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer and discuss the prospects and challenges of armed CAR-T and combined treatment strategies. At present, there are still many obstacles in the treatment of prostate cancer with CAR-T, but when these obstacles are solved, CAR-T cells can become a favorable weapon for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.J.); (F.Y.); (D.H.)
| | - Weihong Wen
- Department of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (W.Q.)
| | - Fa Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.J.); (F.Y.); (D.H.)
| | - Donghui Han
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.J.); (F.Y.); (D.H.)
| | - Wuhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, Air Force 986 Hospital, Xi’an 710054, China;
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.J.); (F.Y.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (W.Q.)
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Parakasikron N, Chaotham C, Chanvorachote P, Vinayanuwattikun C, Buranasudja V, Taweecheep P, Khantasup K. Development of a human antibody fragment directed against the alpha folate receptor as a promising molecule for targeted application. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1443-1454. [PMID: 34236266 PMCID: PMC8274507 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1943055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha folate receptor (FRα) is currently under investigation as a target for the treatment of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), since it is highly expressed in tumor cells but is largely absent in normal tissue. In this study, a novel human variable domain of a heavy-chain (VH) antibody fragment specific to FRα was enriched and selected by phage bio-planning. The positive phage clone (3A102 VH) specifically bound to FRα and also cross-reacted with FRβ, as tested by ELISA. Clone 3A102 VH was then successfully expressed as a soluble protein in an E. coli shuffle strain. The obtained soluble 3A102 VH demonstrated a high affinity for FRα with affinity constants (Kaff) values around 7.77 ± 0.25 × 107 M−1, with specific binding against both FRα expressing NSCLC cells and NSCLC patient-derived primary cancer cells, as tested by cell ELISA. In addition, soluble 3A102 VH showed the potential desired property of a targeting molecule by being internalized into FRα-expressing cells, as observed by confocal microscopy. This study inspires the use of phage display to develop human VH antibody (Ab) fragments that might be well suited for drug targeted therapy of NSCLC and other FRα-positive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattihda Parakasikron
- The Medical Microbiology Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Chaotham
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanida Vinayanuwattikun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visarut Buranasudja
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornchanok Taweecheep
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kannika Khantasup
- The Medical Microbiology Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Vaccines and Therapeutic Proteins Research Group, the Special Task Force for Activating Research (STAR), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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5
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Liu Y, He Y. A narrative review of chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy for lung cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:808. [PMID: 34268421 PMCID: PMC8246176 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer represents one of the most common and deadliest cancers in the world. Chimeric antigen receptor-T cell (CAR-T) therapy which can recognize antigens in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner provides a new approach for tumor treatment. However, lung cancer, as a solid tumor, faces several formidable barriers to adoptive cell transfer, which includes inhibition of T-cell localization and suppression of T-cell function. Therefore, lung cancer fails to respond significantly to infusions of CAR-T cells in most trials until now. PubMed was researched using the terms “CAR-T” and “lung cancer” only in English from 2000 through June 2020. We also included results presented in international conferences, such as the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO). Besides, we found new progress in CAR-T therapy for solid tumors as a supplement. To enhance the efficacy and conquer the limitations, we collected some applications in lung cancer. In recent years, there have been some improvements in selecting the proper target and reducing toxicity. CAR-T technology provides an excellent way for tumor treatment, which does not depend on MHC molecules and provides a new method for the utilization of tumor targets. Targeting different antigens and overcoming the solid barrier, there are some improvements in responding significantly and reducing toxicity. CAR-T technology will play a decisive role in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yayi He
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Muhammad Q, Jang Y, Kang SH, Moon J, Kim WJ, Park H. Modulation of immune responses with nanoparticles and reduction of their immunotoxicity. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1490-1501. [PMID: 31994542 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01643k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Particles with a size range of 1-100 nm used in various fields of life sciences are called nanoparticles (NPs). Currently, nanotechnology has a wide range of applications in biomedical research, industries and in almost all types of modern technology. The growing applications of nanotechnology in medicine urge scientists to analyze the impact of NPs on human body tissues and the immune system. Easy surface modifications of the NPs enable the modulation of the immune system either by evading the immune system to prevent allergic reactions or by enhancing the immunogenic response. In this review, we discussed the various possible theories and practical implications reported to date for the applications of nanotechnology in immunostimulation and immunosuppression for favorable immune response, such as vaccine delivery and cancer treatments. In the last part of this paper, we also discussed the biocompatibility and unfavorable immunotoxicity of NPs and methods for lowering their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim Muhammad
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeonwoo Jang
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shin Hyuk Kang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - James Moon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Won Jong Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hansoo Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Mollanoori H, Shahraki H, Rahmati Y, Teimourian S. CRISPR/Cas9 and CAR-T cell, collaboration of two revolutionary technologies in cancer immunotherapy, an instruction for successful cancer treatment. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:876-882. [PMID: 30261221 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated nuclease9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology, an acquired immune system in bacteria and archaea, has provided a new tool for accurately genome editing. Using only a single nuclease protein in complex with 2 short RNA as a site-specific endonuclease made it a simple and flexible genome editing tool to target nearly any genomic locus. Due to recent developments in therapeutic engineered T cell and effective responses of CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CART19) in patients with B-cell leukemia and lymphoma, adoptive T cell immunotherapy, particularly CAR-T cell therapy became a rapidly growing field in cancer therapy and recently Kymriah and Yescarta (CD19-directed CAR-T cells) were approved by FDA. Therefore, the combination of CRISPR/Cas9 technology as a genome engineering tool and CAR-T cell therapy (engineered T cells that express chimeric antigen receptors) may lead to further improvement in efficiency and safety of CAR-T cells. This article reviews mechanism and therapeutic application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, accuracy of this technology, cancer immunotherapy by CAR T cells, the application of CRISPR technology for the production of universal CAR T cells, improving their antitumor efficacy, and biotech companies that invested in CRISPR technology for CAR-T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Mollanoori
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojat Shahraki
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Yazdan Rahmati
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Teimourian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Wang L, Xu T, Cui M. Are ovarian cancer stem cells the target for innovative immunotherapy? Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2615-2626. [PMID: 29780254 PMCID: PMC5951213 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s155458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells with the ability of self-renewal and differentiation, are believed to be responsible for tumor generation, progression, metastasis, and relapse. Ovarian cancer, the most malignant gynecological cancer, has consistent pathology behavior with CSC model, which suggests that therapies based on ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) can gain a more successful prognosis. Much evidence has proved that epigenetic mechanism played an important role in tumor formation and sustainment. Since CSCs are generally resistant to conventional therapies (chemotherapy and radiotherapy), immunotherapy is a more effective method that has been implemented in the clinic. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell, an adoptive cellular immunotherapy, which results in apparent elimination of tumor in both hematologic and solid cancers, could be used for ovarian cancer. This review covers the basic conception of CSCs and OCSCs, the implication of epigenetic mechanism underlying cancer evolution considering CSC model, the immunotherapies reported for ovarian cancer targeting OCSCs currently, and the relationship between immune system and hierarchy cancer organized by CSCs. Particularly, the promising prospects and potential pitfalls of targeting OCSC surface markers to design CAR-T cellular immunotherapy are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Manhua Cui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Kumaresan PR, da Silva TA, Kontoyiannis DP. Methods of Controlling Invasive Fungal Infections Using CD8 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1939. [PMID: 29358941 PMCID: PMC5766637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) cause high rates of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Pattern-recognition receptors present on the surfaces of innate immune cells recognize fungal pathogens and activate the first line of defense against fungal infection. The second line of defense is the adaptive immune system which involves mainly CD4+ T cells, while CD8+ T cells also play a role. CD8+ T cell-based vaccines designed to prevent IFIs are currently being investigated in clinical trials, their use could play an especially important role in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. So far, none of the vaccines used to treat IFI have been approved by the FDA. Here, we review current and future antifungal immunotherapy strategies involving CD8+ T cells. We highlight recent advances in the use of T cells engineered using a Sleeping Beauty vector to treat IFIs. Recent clinical trials using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy to treat patients with leukemia have shown very promising results. We hypothesized that CAR T cells could also be used to control IFI. Therefore, we designed a CAR that targets β-glucan, a sugar molecule found in most of the fungal cell walls, using the extracellular domain of Dectin-1, which binds to β-glucan. Mice treated with D-CAR+ T cells displayed reductions in hyphal growth of Aspergillus compared to the untreated group. Patients suffering from IFIs due to primary immunodeficiency, secondary immunodeficiency (e.g., HIV), or hematopoietic transplant patients may benefit from bioengineered CAR T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pappanaicken R. Kumaresan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thiago Aparecido da Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Xu J, Zhang Q, Tian K, Wang H, Yin H, Zheng J. Current status and future prospects of the strategy of combining CAR‑T with PD‑1 blockade for antitumor therapy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2083-2088. [PMID: 29207115 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system serves an important role in controlling and eradicating malignant cells. Immunotherapy for treating tumors has received much attention in recent years due to its marked effect. There are two approaches which currently lead this field: Chimeric antigen receptor‑modified T‑cell immunotherapy (CAR‑T) and programmed cell death protein-1 blockade (PD‑1 blockade). CAR‑T has emerged as a promising regimen for the treatment of a range of types of cancer, including chronic lymphoid leukemia and neuroblastoma, with studies of long term remission in certain patients. PD‑1 blockade has been reported to exert marked clinical responses in patients against a range of types of solid cancer, including advanced melanoma, non‑small‑cell lung cancer and renal cell carcinoma, in addition to hematological malignancies. While increasing the power of the immune system to fight cancer has been a long‑standing goal in oncology, a number of studies have demonstrated the synergistic antitumor effects of combination therapies under the umbrella of immunotherapy. The present review focused on a novel combination approach involving CAR‑T and PD‑1 blockade. The present reviews aimed to discuss the following four aspects of such an approach: i) Current monotherapy status; ii) rationale for the combination of CAR‑T and PD‑1 blockade; iii) current status of the combination of CAR‑T and PD‑1 blockade; and iv) conclusions and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Xu
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Kang Tian
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yin
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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Kellmann SJ, Dübel S, Thie H. A strategy to identify linker-based modules for the allosteric regulation of antibody-antigen binding affinities of different scFvs. MAbs 2017; 9:404-418. [PMID: 28055297 PMCID: PMC5384732 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1277302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) are used in a variety of applications, such as for research, diagnosis and therapy. Essential for these applications is the extraordinary specificity, selectivity and affinity of antibody paratopes, which can also be used for efficient protein purification. However, this use is hampered by the high affinity for the protein to be purified because harsh elution conditions, which may impair folding, integrity or viability of the eluted biomaterials, are typically required. In this study, we developed a strategy to obtain structural elements that provide allosteric modulation of the affinities of different antibody scFvs for their antigen. To identify suitable allosteric modules, a complete set of cyclic permutations of calmodulin variants was generated and tested for modulation of the affinity when substituting the linker between VH and VL. Modulation of affinity induced by addition of different calmodulin-binding peptides at physiologic conditions was demonstrated for 5 of 6 tested scFvs of different specificities and antigens ranging from cell surface proteins to haptens. In addition, a variety of different modulator peptides were tested. Different structural solutions were found in respect of the optimal calmodulin permutation, the optimal peptide and the allosteric effect for scFvs binding to different antigen structures. Significantly, effective linker modules were identified for scFvs with both VH-VL and VL-VH architecture. The results suggest that this approach may offer a rapid, paratope-independent strategy to provide allosteric regulation of affinity for many other antibody scFvs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Kellmann
- a Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße , Bergisch Gladbach , Germany
| | - Stefan Dübel
- b Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Holger Thie
- a Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße , Bergisch Gladbach , Germany
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12
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Roth GS, Decaens T. Liver immunotolerance and hepatocellular carcinoma: Patho-physiological mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Eur J Cancer 2017; 87:101-112. [PMID: 29145036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
At the moment of the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 70% of patients have only access to palliative treatments, with very few therapeutic options. Liver immunology is very specific, and liver immunotolerance is particularly developed because of the constant and massive influx of antigens. Deregulation of hepatic immunotolerance is implicated in chronic liver diseases development and particularly in liver carcinogenesis. For these reasons, HCC may be an excellent candidate for anticancer immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4 and PD-L1/PD-1. Nonetheless, because of the specific immune environment of the liver and the frequent association of HCC with hepatocellular insufficiency, the safety and the efficacy of these new treatments have to be properly studied in this situation. Thus, multiple phase II and III studies are in progress studying immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapies, combination of different immunotherapies or local strategies such as transarterial chemoembolization combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Currently, only the final results of the tremelimumab phase II and the Nivolumab phase I/II study (CheckMate-040) are available. The latter is promising but need to be confirmed by the ongoing phase III studies to confirm the place of immunotherapy in the treatment of HCC. With many new molecular targets and therapeutic combination, immunotherapy represents a new hope in treating HCC patients although serious evaluation is still needed to confirm its interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël S Roth
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209/CNRS UMR 5309/Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Decaens
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209/CNRS UMR 5309/Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU, Grenoble, France.
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13
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Muldoon JJ, Donahue PS, Dolberg TB, Leonard JN. Building with intent: technologies and principles for engineering mammalian cell-based therapies to sense and respond. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 4:127-133. [PMID: 29450405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The engineering of cells as programmable devices has enabled therapeutic strategies that could not otherwise be achieved. Such strategies include recapitulating and enhancing native cellular functions and composing novel functions. These novel functions may be composed using both natural and engineered biological components, with the latter exemplified by the development of synthetic receptor and signal transduction systems. Recent advances in implementing these approaches include the treatment of cancer, where the most clinical progress has been made to date, and the treatment of diabetes. Principles for engineering cell-based therapies that are safe and effective are increasingly needed and beginning to emerge, and will be essential in the development of this new class of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Muldoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Patrick S Donahue
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Taylor B Dolberg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joshua N Leonard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Member, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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14
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Liu X, Zhang N, Shi H. Driving better and safer HER2-specific CARs for cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62730-62741. [PMID: 28977984 PMCID: PMC5617544 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the clinical efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based therapy in hematological malignancies, CAR T-cell therapy for a number of solid tumors has been actively investigated. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a well-established therapeutic target in breast, as well as other types of cancer. However, HER2 CAR T cells pose a risk of lethal toxicity including cytokine release syndrome from “on-target, off-tumor” recognition of HER2. In this review, we summarize the development of conventional HER2 CAR technology, the alternative selection of CAR hosts, the novel HER2 CAR designs, clinical studies and toxicity. Furthermore, we also discuss the main strategies for improving the safety of HER2 CAR-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiang Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Huan Shi
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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15
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Domschke C, Schneeweiss A, Stefanovic S, Wallwiener M, Heil J, Rom J, Sohn C, Beckhove P, Schuetz F. Cellular Immune Responses and Immune Escape Mechanisms in Breast Cancer: Determinants of Immunotherapy. Breast Care (Basel) 2016; 11:102-7. [PMID: 27239171 DOI: 10.1159/000446061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More recently, immunotherapy has emerged as a novel potentially effective therapeutic option also for solid malignancies such as breast cancer (BC). Relevant approaches, however, are determined by the 2 main elements of cancer immunoediting - the elimination of nascent transformed cells by immunosurveillance on the one hand and tumor immune escape on the other hand. Correspondingly, we here review the role of the various cellular immune players within the host-protective system and dissect the mechanisms of immune evasion leading to tumor progression. If the immune balance of disseminated BC cell dormancy (equilibrium phase) is lost, distant metastatic relapse may occur. The relevant cellular antitumor responses and translational immunotherapeutic options will also be discussed in terms of clinical benefit and future directions in BC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Domschke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Stefanovic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Wallwiener
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Rom
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Sohn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI) and University Medical Center of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schuetz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Harris DT, Kranz DM. Adoptive T Cell Therapies: A Comparison of T Cell Receptors and Chimeric Antigen Receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 37:220-230. [PMID: 26705086 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The tumor-killing properties of T cells provide tremendous opportunities to treat cancer. Adoptive T cell therapies have begun to harness this potential by endowing a functionally diverse repertoire of T cells with genetically modified, tumor-specific recognition receptors. Normally, this antigen recognition function is mediated by an αβ T cell receptor (TCR), but the dominant therapeutic forms currently in development are synthetic constructs called chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). While CAR-based adoptive cell therapies are already showing great promise, their basic mechanistic properties have been studied in less detail compared with those of αβ TCRs. In this review, we compare and contrast various features of TCRs versus CARs, with a goal of highlighting issues that need to be addressed to fully exploit the therapeutic potential of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - David M Kranz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious therapeutic challenge and targeted therapies only provide a modest benefit in terms of overall survival. Novel approaches are urgently needed for the treatment of this prevalent malignancy. Evidence demonstrating the antigenicity of tumour cells, the discovery that immune checkpoint molecules have an essential role in immune evasion of tumour cells, and the impressive clinical results achieved by blocking these inhibitory receptors, are revolutionizing cancer immunotherapy. Here, we review the data on HCC immunogenicity, the mechanisms for HCC immune subversion and the different immunotherapies that have been tested to treat HCC. Taking into account the multiplicity of hyperadditive immunosuppressive forces acting within the HCC microenvironment, a combinatorial approach is advised. Strategies include combinations of systemic immunomodulation and gene therapy, cell therapy or virotherapy.
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18
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Lee CH, Han SR, Lee SW. Therapeutic Applications of Aptamer-Based Riboswitches. Nucleic Acid Ther 2015; 26:44-51. [PMID: 26539634 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2015.0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers bind to their targets with high affinity and specificity through structure-based complementarity, instead of sequence complementarity that is used by most of the oligonucleotide-based therapeutics. This property has been exploited in using aptamers as multifunctional therapeutic units, by attaching them to therapeutic drugs, nanoparticles, or imaging agents, or as direct molecular decoys for inducing loss-of-function or gain-of-function of targets. One of the most interesting fields of aptamer application is their development as molecular sensors to regulate artificial riboswitches. Naturally, the riboswitches sense small-molecule metabolites and respond by regulating the expression of the corresponding metabolic genes. Riboswitches are cis-acting RNA structures that consist of the sensing (aptamer) and the regulating (expression platform) domains. In principle, diverse riboswitches can be engineered and applied to control different steps of gene expression in bacterial species as well as eukaryotes, by simply replacing aptamers against various endogenous and/or exogenous targets. Although these engineered aptamer-based riboswitches are recently gaining attention, it is clear that aptamer-based riboswitches have a potential for next-generation therapeutics against various diseases because of their controllability, specificity, and modularity in regulating gene expression through various cellular processes, including transcription, splicing, stability, RNA interference, and translation. In this review, we provide a summary of the recently developed and engineered aptamer-based riboswitches focusing on their therapeutic availability and further discuss their clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Advanced Omics, Dankook University , Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ryul Han
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Advanced Omics, Dankook University , Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Wook Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Advanced Omics, Dankook University , Yongin, Republic of Korea
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19
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Liu X, Sun M, Yu S, Liu K, Li X, Shi H. Potential therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis by NKG2D ligands-specific T cells. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3095-104. [PMID: 26543378 PMCID: PMC4622417 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s91122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite advancements in its treatment, gastric cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells is a promising antitumor therapy for many cancers. The purpose of this study was to construct a chimeric receptor linking the extracellular domain of NKG2D to the CD28 and CD3zeta chain intracellular domains to target gastric cancers that expressed NKG2D ligands. Methods Expression of NKG2D ligands including MICA, MICB, and ULBP1–3 in a gastric cancer cell line and primary gastric cancer cells from ascites samples were analyzed using flow cytometry. Co-culture experiments were performed by incubating chNKG2D T cells with gastric cancer cell lines and with primary human gastric cancer cells isolated from ascites and by measuring cytokine and chemokine release and cytotoxicity. Results Gastric cancer cell lines and ascites-derived primary human gastric cancer cells expressed high levels of MICA, MICB, and ULBP2. ChNKG2D T cells secreted proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines when cultured with these cancer cells. In addition, chNKG2D T cells lysed gastric cancer cell lines and the ascites-derived primary human gastric cancer cells. Conclusion These data indicate that treatment with chNKG2D-expressing T cells is a potential immunotherapy for gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiang Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Meili Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xirui Li
- Medical Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Shi
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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20
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Shi H, Guo J, Li C, Wang Z. A current review of folate receptor alpha as a potential tumor target in non-small-cell lung cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:4989-96. [PMID: 26357465 PMCID: PMC4560517 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s90670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading common cause of cancer-related death, with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 80% of all cases. To date, platinum-based doublet chemotherapy is the cornerstone of first-line therapy. However, these agents have limited use in patients who have relapsed and have metastatic disease. Therefore, novel strategies are required to improve the clinical outcome. Folate receptor alpha (FRA) is overexpressed in the majority of NSCLC, particularly in lung adenocarcinomas. FRA is largely absent from normal tissue, making it an attractive therapeutic target. In this review, we discuss FRA expression in NSCLC, conjugated FRA agents, monoclonal antibody, and FRA-specific T-cell-based therapeutic strategies aiming to improve the cure rate of FRA-expressing NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Shi
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changzheng Li
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhehai Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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21
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Sato N, Wu H, Asiedu KO, Szajek LP, Griffiths GL, Choyke PL. (89)Zr-Oxine Complex PET Cell Imaging in Monitoring Cell-based Therapies. Radiology 2015; 275:490-500. [PMID: 25706654 PMCID: PMC4456181 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.15142849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a clinically translatable method of cell labeling with zirconium 89 ((89)Zr) and oxine to track cells with positron emission tomography (PET) in mouse models of cell-based therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the institutional animal care committee. (89)Zr-oxine complex was synthesized in an aqueous solution. Cell labeling conditions were optimized by using EL4 mouse lymphoma cells, and labeling efficiency was examined by using dendritic cells (DCs) (n = 4), naïve (n = 3) and activated (n = 3) cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), and natural killer (NK) (n = 4), bone marrow (n = 4), and EL4 (n = 4) cells. The effect of (89)Zr labeling on cell survival, proliferation, and function were evaluated by using DCs (n = 3) and CTLs (n = 3). Labeled DCs (444-555 kBq/[5 × 10(6)] cells, n = 5) and CTLs (185 kBq/[5 × 10(6)] cells, n = 3) transferred to mice were tracked with microPET/CT. In a melanoma immunotherapy model, tumor targeting and cytotoxic function of labeled CTLs were evaluated with imaging (248.5 kBq/[7.7 × 10(6)] cells, n = 4) and by measuring the tumor size (n = 6). Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare labeling conditions, the Wilcoxon test was used to assess cell survival and proliferation, and Holm-Sidak multiple tests were used to assess tumor growth and perform biodistribution analyses. RESULTS (89)Zr-oxine complex was synthesized at a mean yield of 97.3% ± 2.8 (standard deviation). It readily labeled cells at room temperature or 4°C in phosphate-buffered saline (labeling efficiency range, 13.0%-43.9%) and was stably retained (83.5% ± 1.8 retention on day 5 in DCs). Labeling did not affect the viability of DCs and CTLs when compared with nonlabeled control mice (P > .05), nor did it affect functionality. (89)Zr-oxine complex enabled extended cell tracking for 7 days. Labeled tumor-specific CTLs accumulated in the tumor (4.6% on day 7) and induced tumor regression (P < .05 on day 7). CONCLUSION We have developed a (89)Zr-oxine complex cell tracking technique for use with PET that is applicable to a broad range of cell types and could be a valuable tool with which to evaluate various cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Sato
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (N.S., K.O.A., P.L.C.), Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (H.W.), and Positron Emission Tomography Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center (L.P.S.), U.S. National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892; and Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Md (G.L.G.)
| | - Haitao Wu
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (N.S., K.O.A., P.L.C.), Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (H.W.), and Positron Emission Tomography Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center (L.P.S.), U.S. National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892; and Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Md (G.L.G.)
| | - Kingsley O. Asiedu
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (N.S., K.O.A., P.L.C.), Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (H.W.), and Positron Emission Tomography Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center (L.P.S.), U.S. National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892; and Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Md (G.L.G.)
| | - Lawrence P. Szajek
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (N.S., K.O.A., P.L.C.), Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (H.W.), and Positron Emission Tomography Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center (L.P.S.), U.S. National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892; and Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Md (G.L.G.)
| | - Gary L. Griffiths
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (N.S., K.O.A., P.L.C.), Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (H.W.), and Positron Emission Tomography Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center (L.P.S.), U.S. National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892; and Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Md (G.L.G.)
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- From the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (N.S., K.O.A., P.L.C.), Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (H.W.), and Positron Emission Tomography Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center (L.P.S.), U.S. National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892; and Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Md (G.L.G.)
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22
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Li J, Chen QY, He J, Li ZL, Tang XF, Chen SP, Xie CM, Li YQ, Huang LX, Ye SB, Ke ML, Tang LQ, Liu H, Zhang L, Guo SS, Xia JC, Zhang XS, Zheng LM, Guo X, Qian CN, Mai HQ, Zeng YX. Phase I trial of adoptively transferred tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte immunotherapy following concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e976507. [PMID: 25949875 DOI: 10.4161/23723556.2014.976507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) for cancers using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can induce immune responses and antitumor activity in metastatic melanoma patients. Here, we aimed to assess the safety and antitumor activity of ACT using expanded TILs following concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Twenty-three newly diagnosed, locoregionally advanced NPC patients were enrolled, of whom 20 received a single-dose of TIL infusion following CCRT. All treated patients were assessed for toxicity, survival and clinical and immunologic responses. Correlations between immunological responses and treatment effectiveness were further studied. Only mild adverse events (AEs), including Grade 3 neutropenia (1/23, 5%) consistent with immune-related causes, were observed. Nineteen of 20 patients exhibited an objective antitumor response, and 18 patients displayed disease-free survival longer than 12 mo after ACT. A measurable plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) load was detected in 14 patients at diagnosis, but a measurable EBV load was not found in patients after one week of ACT, and the plasma EBV load remained undetectable in 17 patients at 6 mo after ACT. Expansion and persistence of T cells specific for EBV antigens in peripheral blood following TIL therapy were observed in 13 patients. The apparent positive correlation between tumor regression and the expansion of T cells specific for EBV was further investigated in four patients. This study shows that NPC patients can tolerate ACT with TILs following CCRT and that this treatment results in sustained antitumor activity and anti-EBV immune responses. A larger phase II trial is in progress.
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Key Words
- ACT, adoptive cell therapy
- CCRT, concurrent chemoradiotherapy
- CR, complete response
- DFS, disease-free survival, EBNA1
- EBV, Epstein–Barr virus
- EBV-CTLs, EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells
- ELISPOT, enzyme-linked immunospot
- Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen 1
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- GMP, good manufacturing practices
- LMP1, latent membrane protein-1
- LMP2, latent membrane protein-2
- NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PD, progressive disease
- PR, partial response
- REP, rapid expansion protocol
- SFCs, spot-forming cells
- TILs, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
- adoptive cell therapy
- nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
| | - Jia He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Miao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Imaging Diagnostic and Interventional Center; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Bio Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao-La Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Quan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
| | - Huai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
| | - Shan-Shan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
| | - Jian-Chuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Shi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
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23
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Tremblay MM, Houtman JCD. TCR-mediated functions are enhanced in activated peripheral blood T cells isolated from leucocyte reduction systems. J Immunol Methods 2014; 416:137-45. [PMID: 25462023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Buffy coats are the most common method for the acquisition of activated primary human T cells for research or clinical applications, but recently leukocyte reduction system (LRS) cones have emerged as a viable source for these cells. In this study, we determined if activated human T cells derived from buffy coats or LRS cones had different functionality. No changes in the expression of surface receptors were observed except for a significant increase in CD44 expression on T cells isolated from LRS cones. LRS cone-derived T cells trended towards higher receptor-mediated cytokine production and had significantly increased donor-to-donor variability in IFN-γ production. TCR-induced ERK1/ERK2 and AKT phosphorylation was also increased in T cells isolated from LRS cones. In conclusion, LRS cones are an excellent source of T cells for clinical and research applications, but these cells have subtle functional differences from T cells isolated using standard buffy coats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela M Tremblay
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Jon C D Houtman
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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24
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Shi H, Sun M, Liu L, Wang Z. Chimeric antigen receptor for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer: latest research and future prospects. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:219. [PMID: 25241075 PMCID: PMC4177696 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are recombinant receptors that combine the specificity of an antigen-specific antibody with the T-cell’s activating functions. Initial clinical trials of genetically engineered CAR T cells have significantly raised the profile of T cell therapy, and great efforts have been made to improve this approach. In this review, we provide a structural overview of the development of CAR technology and highlight areas that require further refinement. We also discuss critical issues related to CAR therapy, including the optimization of CAR T cells, the route of administration, CAR toxicity and the blocking of inhibitory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, No, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P,R, China.
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25
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HER2/neu: an increasingly important therapeutic target. Part 1: basic biology & therapeutic armamentarium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4155/cli.14.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Beyond chemotherapy and targeted therapy: adoptive cellular therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6317-23. [PMID: 24969486 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an intractable disease for which effective treatment approaches are urgently needed. The ability to induce antigen-specific immune responses in patients with lung cancer has led to the development of immunotherapy as a novel concept for the treatment of NSCLC. Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) represents an important advancement in cancer immunotherapy with the utilization of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, cytokine-induced killer cells, natural killer cells and γδ T cells. In this study, we review recent advances in ACT for NSCLC in clinical trials and provide a perspective on the improvement in ACT and potential therapeutic approaches using engineered T cell therapy for NSCLC.
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27
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Ramírez N, Beloki L, Ciaúrriz M, Rodríguez-Calvillo M, Escors D, Mansilla C, Bandrés E, Olavarría E. Impact of T cell selection methods in the success of clinical adoptive immunotherapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1211-24. [PMID: 24077876 PMCID: PMC11113470 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy regular regimens used for conditioning of recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) induce a period of transient profound immunosuppression. The onset of a competent immunological response, such as the appearance of viral-specific T cells, is associated with a lower incidence of viral infections after haematopoietic transplantation. The rapid development of immunodominant peptide virus screening together with advances in the design of genetic and non-genetic viral- and tumoural-specific cellular selection strategies have opened new strategies for cellular immunotherapy in oncologic recipients who are highly sensitive to viral infections. However, the rapid development of cellular immunotherapy in SCT has disclosed the role of the T cell selection method in the modulation of functional cell activity and of in vivo secondary effects triggered following immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ramírez
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Miguel Servet Foundation, Irunlarrea 3 Street, 31008 Pamplona, Navarre Spain
| | - Lorea Beloki
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Miguel Servet Foundation, Irunlarrea 3 Street, 31008 Pamplona, Navarre Spain
| | - Miriam Ciaúrriz
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Miguel Servet Foundation, Irunlarrea 3 Street, 31008 Pamplona, Navarre Spain
| | - Mercedes Rodríguez-Calvillo
- Department of Haematology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra Health Service, Irunlarrea 3 Street, 31008 Pamplona, Navarre Spain
| | - David Escors
- Immunomodulation Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Miguel Servet Foundation, Pamplona, Navarre Spain
| | - Cristina Mansilla
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Miguel Servet Foundation, Irunlarrea 3 Street, 31008 Pamplona, Navarre Spain
| | - Eva Bandrés
- Immunology Unit, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra Health Service, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Olavarría
- Oncohematology Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Miguel Servet Foundation, Irunlarrea 3 Street, 31008 Pamplona, Navarre Spain
- Department of Haematology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra Health Service, Irunlarrea 3 Street, 31008 Pamplona, Navarre Spain
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28
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Saraceni MM, Khushalani NI, Jarkowski A. Immunotherapy in Melanoma: Recent Advances and Promising New Therapies. J Pharm Pract 2014; 28:193-203. [PMID: 24674910 DOI: 10.1177/0897190014527317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of melanoma are on the rise. Historically, patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma were faced with a grim prognosis, with survival rates of 15% at 5 years. Prior to 2011, no drug or therapeutic regimen had been shown to improve overall survival (OS) in metastatic melanoma. Chemotherapeutic agents, such as dacarbazine or temozolomide, are often given to patients for palliative purposes; high-dose interleukin 2 and biochemotherapy are immunotherapeutic options that could be offered to patients with a good performance status at specialized centers. Neither has been shown to impact OS, but durable complete responses are seen in a minority of patients. Since 2011, 4 new drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, all of which improve survival. Three of these agents (vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and trametinib) are targeted therapies, with ipilimumab being the only new immunotherapy. With a focus on immunotherapeutic agents, this review seeks to summarize the treatment options currently available for metastatic melanoma and to examine those on the near horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Saraceni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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29
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30
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Cytokine release syndrome in cancer immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 343:172-8. [PMID: 24141191 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells is a promising therapy for cancers. However, the safety of this approach is concerned. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a common but lethal complication of CAR-T cell therapy. The development of CRS correlates with CAR structures, tumor type and burden, and patients' genetic polymorphisms. CRS related adverse events may be reduced by designing safer CARs and CAR-T cells and following strict dose-escalation scheme. Timely and effective cytokine-directed treatment with corticosteroid and various cytokine antagonists is important to avoid CRS associated death.
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31
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John LB, Kershaw MH, Darcy PK. Blockade of PD-1 immunosuppression boosts CAR T-cell therapy. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26286. [PMID: 24353912 PMCID: PMC3862687 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment can limit the full potential of adoptive T cell immunotherapy. However, specific blockade of the PD-1 immunosuppressive pathway can significantly enhance the function of gene-modified T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) leading to enhanced tumor eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza B John
- Cancer Immunology Program; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne, VIC Australia ; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne; Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Michael H Kershaw
- Cancer Immunology Program; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne, VIC Australia ; Department of Pathology; University of Melbourne; Parkville, VIC Australia ; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne; Parkville, VIC Australia ; Department of Immunology; Monash University; Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Phillip K Darcy
- Cancer Immunology Program; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne, VIC Australia ; Department of Pathology; University of Melbourne; Parkville, VIC Australia ; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne; Parkville, VIC Australia ; Department of Immunology; Monash University; Clayton, VIC Australia
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32
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Wang L, Kang FB, Shan BE. B7-H3-mediated tumor immunology: Friend or foe? Int J Cancer 2013; 134:2764-71. [PMID: 24013874 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Cancer Research Institute; The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Biao Kang
- Department of Liver Diseases; Bethune International Peace Hospital; Shijiazhuang Hebei People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-En Shan
- Cancer Research Institute; The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei People's Republic of China
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33
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Wayteck L, Breckpot K, Demeester J, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. A personalized view on cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2013; 352:113-25. [PMID: 24051308 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in cancer immunotherapy has resulted in complete responses in patients refractory to current standard cancer therapies. However, due to tumor heterogeneity and inter-individual variations in anti-tumor immunity, only subsets of patients experience clinical benefit. This review highlights the implementation of a personalized approach to enhance treatment efficacy and reduce side effects, including the identification of tumor-specific antigens for cancer vaccination and adoptive T cell therapies. Furthermore, together with the current advances and promising clinical outcomes of combination cancer (immuno-)therapies, the screening for predictive biomarkers in a patient-specific manner is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wayteck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology and Physiology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo Demeester
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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34
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Abstract
Hematology Oncology has a rich history including few crucial therapeutic innovations. These were possible because of the evolution of the cell and molecular biology allowing a better understanding of basic mechanisms of cancerogenesis. We propose here to summarize the most important therapeutic innovations since the beginning of Hematology/Oncology history. We also describe evolution of therapeutic strategies themselves. New insights and therapeutic perspectives for next future are also discussed.
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35
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Baronzio G, Parmar G, Shubina IZ, Cassutti V, Giuli S, Ballerini M, Kiselevsky M. Update on the challenges and recent advances in cancer immunotherapy. Immunotargets Ther 2013; 2:39-49. [PMID: 27471687 PMCID: PMC4928368 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s30818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This overview provides an analysis of some of the immunotherapies currently in use and under investigation, with a special focus on the tumor microenvironment, which we believe is a major factor responsible for the general failure of immunotherapy to date. It is our expectation that combining immunotherapy with methods of altering the tumor microenvironment and targeting regulatory T cells and myeloid cells will yield favorable results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gurdev Parmar
- Integrated Health Clinic, Fort Langley, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Irina Zh Shubina
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valter Cassutti
- Centro Medico Demetra: Hyperthermia and Immunity Center, Terni, Italy
| | - Sergio Giuli
- Centro Medico Demetra: Hyperthermia and Immunity Center, Terni, Italy
| | - Marco Ballerini
- Centro Medico Demetra: Hyperthermia and Immunity Center, Terni, Italy
| | - Mikhail Kiselevsky
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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36
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Frankel SR, Baeuerle PA. Targeting T cells to tumor cells using bispecific antibodies. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:385-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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