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Farghaly TA, Abbas EMH, Al-Sheikh MA, Medrasi HY, Masaret GS, Pashameah RA, Qurban J, Harras MF. Synthesis of tricyclic and tetracyclic benzo[6,7]cycloheptane derivatives linked morpholine moiety as CDK2 inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1127-1141. [PMID: 37170788 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of developing cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitors with strong antibreast cancer efficacy, new tricyclic and tetracyclic benzo[6,7]cycloheptane derivatives were synthesized. The newly synthesized tri- and tetracyclic derivatives were achieved from the reaction of 4-(4-morpholin-4-yl-phenyl)-1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-d]pyrimidine-2-thione (5) with α-haloketone derivatives as hydrazonyl chlorides, phenacyl bromide derivatives, chloroacetone, and ethyl substituted acetate derivatives. The MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were utilized to examine the anticancer properties. Compounds 5 and 8 were shown to be the most effective, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) values between 5.73 and 9.11 µM, which are on the level with doxorubicin. Mechanistic studies showed that 5 and 8 caused tumor cell death by inducing apoptosis and they also produced cancer arrest in the S phase of the cell cycle. In addition, compounds 5 and 8 showed strong anti-CDK2 action (IC50 = 0.112 and 0.18 µM, respectively) comparable to roscovitine (IC50 = 0.127 µM). Moreover, the docking result demonstrated that derivatives 5 and 8 fit into the CDK2 active site in the proper orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoraya A Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M H Abbas
- Chemistry of National and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mariam A Al-Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, AlFaisaliah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi Y Medrasi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada S Masaret
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Adel Pashameah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jihan Qurban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa F Harras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Araki S, Ohori M, Yugami M. Targeting pre-mRNA splicing in cancers: roles, inhibitors, and therapeutic opportunities. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1152087. [PMID: 37342192 PMCID: PMC10277747 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1152087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated that pre-mRNA splicing plays critical roles in a variety of physiological processes, including development of multiple diseases. In particular, alternative splicing is profoundly involved in cancer progression through abnormal expression or mutation of splicing factors. Small-molecule splicing modulators have recently attracted considerable attention as a novel class of cancer therapeutics, and several splicing modulators are currently being developed for the treatment of patients with various cancers and are in the clinical trial stage. Novel molecular mechanisms modulating alternative splicing have proven to be effective for treating cancer cells resistant to conventional anticancer drugs. Furthermore, molecular mechanism-based combination strategies and patient stratification strategies for cancer treatment targeting pre-mRNA splicing must be considered for cancer therapy in the future. This review summarizes recent progress in the relationship between druggable splicing-related molecules and cancer, highlights small-molecule splicing modulators, and discusses future perspectives of splicing modulation for personalized and combination therapies in cancer treatment.
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3
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Oviya RP, Thangaretnam KP, Ramachandran B, Ramanathan P, Jayavelu S, Gopal G, Rajkumar T. Mitochondrial ribosomal small subunit (MRPS) MRPS23 protein-protein interaction reveals phosphorylation by CDK11-p58 affecting cell proliferation and knockdown of MRPS23 sensitizes breast cancer cells to CDK1 inhibitors. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9521-9534. [PMID: 35962848 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-translational modification of some mitoribosomal proteins has been found to regulate their functions. MRPS23 has been reported to be overexpressed in various cancers and has been predicted to be involved in increased cell proliferation. Furthermore, MRPS23 is a driver of luminal subtype breast cancer. However, its exact role and function in cancer remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Our previous study identified protein-protein interactions involving MRPS23 and CDK11A. In this study, we confirmed the interaction of MRPS23 with the p110 and p58 isoforms of CDK11A. Phosphoprotein enrichment studies and in vitro kinase assay using CDK11A/cyclin D3 followed by MALDI-ToF/ToF analysis confirmed the phosphorylation of MRPS23 at N-terminal serine 11 residue. Breast cancer cells expressing the MRPS23 (S11G) mutant showed increased cell proliferation, increased expression of PI3-AKT pathway proteins [p-AKT (Ser47), p-AKT (Thr308), p-PDK (Ser241) and p-GSK-3β (Ser9)] and increased antiapoptotic pathway protein expression [Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, p-Bcl2 (Ser70) and MCL-1] when compared with the MRPS23 (S11A) mutant-overexpressing cells. This finding indicated the role of MRPS23 phosphorylation in the proliferation and survival of breast cancer cells. The correlation of inconsistent MRPS23 phosphoserine 11 protein expression with CDK11A in the breast cancer cells suggested phosphorylation by other kinases. In vitro kinase assay showed that CDK1 kinase also phosphorylated MRPS23 and that inhibition using CDK1 inhibitors lowered phospho-MRPS23 (Ser11) levels. Additionally, modulating the expression of MRPS23 altered the sensitivity of the cells to CDK1 inhibitors. CONCLUSION In conclusion, phosphorylation of MRPS23 by mitotic kinases might potentially be involved in the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, MRPS23 can be targeted for sensitizing the breast cancer cells to CDK1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Balaji Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600020, India
| | - Priya Ramanathan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600020, India
| | - Subramani Jayavelu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600020, India
| | - Gopisetty Gopal
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600020, India. .,Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, 600036, India.
| | - Thangarajan Rajkumar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600020, India
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4
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Thiel JT, Daigeler A, Kolbenschlag J, Rachunek K, Hoffmann S. The Role of CDK Pathway Dysregulation and Its Therapeutic Potential in Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3380. [PMID: 35884441 PMCID: PMC9323700 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are tumors that are challenging to treat due to their pathologic and molecular heterogeneity and their tumor biology that is not yet fully understood. Recent research indicates that dysregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) signaling pathways can be a strong driver of sarcogenesis. CDKs are enzyme forms that play a crucial role in cell-cycle control and transcription. They belong to the protein kinases group and to the serine/threonine kinases subgroup. Recently identified CDK/cyclin complexes and established CDK/cyclin complexes that regulate the cell cycle are involved in the regulation of gene expression through phosphorylation of critical components of transcription and pre-mRNA processing mechanisms. The current and continually growing body of data shows that CDKs play a decisive role in tumor development and are involved in the proliferation and growth of sarcoma cells. Since the abnormal expression or activation of large numbers of CDKs is considered to be characteristic of cancer development and progression, dysregulation of the CDK signaling pathways occurs in many subtypes of STSs. This review discusses how reversal and regulation can be achieved with new therapeutics and summarizes the current evidence from studies regarding CDK modulation for STS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Tobias Thiel
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.D.); (J.K.); (K.R.); (S.H.)
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5
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Li Z, Ishida R, Liu Y, Wang J, Li Y, Gao Y, Jiang J, Che J, Sheltzer JM, Robers MB, Zhang T, Westover KD, Nabet B, Gray NS. Synthesis and Structure-Activity relationships of cyclin-dependent kinase 11 inhibitors based on a diaminothiazole scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114433. [PMID: 35597007 PMCID: PMC9477540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) are attractive targets for drug discovery due to their wide range of cellular functions. CDK11 is an understudied CDK with roles in transcription and splicing, cell cycle regulation, neuronal function, and apoptosis. In this study, we describe a medicinal chemistry campaign to identify a CDK11 inhibitor. Employing a promising but nonselective CDK11-targeting scaffold (JWD-047), extensive structure-guided medicinal chemistry modifications led to the identification of ZNL-05-044. A combination of biochemical evaluations and NanoBRET cellular assays for target engagement guided the SAR towards a 2,4-diaminothiazoles CDK11 probe with significantly improved kinome-wide selectivity over JWD-047. CDK11 inhibition with ZNL-05-044 leads to G2/M cell cycle arrest, consistent with prior work evaluating OTS964, and impacts CDK11-dependent mRNA splicing in cells. Together, ZNL-05-044 serves as a tool compound for further optimization and interrogation of the consequences of CDK11 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnian Li
- Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryosuke Ishida
- Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yina Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianwei Che
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Tinghu Zhang
- Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth D Westover
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Behnam Nabet
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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6
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Al-Mulhim F, Alqosaibi AI, Al-Muhnna A, Farid K, Abdel-Ghany S, Rizk H, Prince AB, Isichei A, Sabit H. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated activation of CDH1 suppresses metastasis of breast cancer in rats. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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7
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Łukasik P, Załuski M, Gutowska I. Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDK) and Their Role in Diseases Development-Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062935. [PMID: 33805800 PMCID: PMC7998717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are involved in many crucial processes, such as cell cycle and transcription, as well as communication, metabolism, and apoptosis. The kinases are organized in a pathway to ensure that, during cell division, each cell accurately replicates its DNA, and ensure its segregation equally between the two daughter cells. Deregulation of any of the stages of the cell cycle or transcription leads to apoptosis but, if uncorrected, can result in a series of diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease), and stroke. This review presents the current state of knowledge about the characteristics of cyclin-dependent kinases as potential pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Łukasik
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Michał Załuski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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8
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Hussain Qureshi MF, Shah M, Lakhani M, Abubaker ZJ, Mohammad D, Farhan H, Zia I, Tafveez R, Khan ST, Rubina G, Shamim M, Ghulam H. Gene signatures of cyclin-dependent kinases: a comparative study in naïve early and advanced stages of lung metastasis breast cancer among pre- and post-menopausal women. Genes Cancer 2021; 12:1-11. [PMID: 33868579 PMCID: PMC8018704 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer (BC) is a more aggressive tumor with 5 years median survival rates after metastasis. Despite successful treatment, unfortunately, the majority of affected patients die. Defects in cell cycle and transcription regulation phases which are governed by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are the hallmark of many cancers that underpinning the progression of the disease. Therefore, the current study looked at the alteration of six CDKs mRNA expression levels in pre- and postmenopausal lung metastasis BC groups; the majority were HER2+. Two hundred pre-and postmenopausal lung metastasis breast cancer and healthy control blood samples were taken for RNA isolation. Quantitative PCR was done for CDKs mRNA expressions. We observed overexpression of CDK11, CDK12, CDK17, CDK18, and CDK19 in both pre- and postmenopausal groups. However, CDK20 showed progressive downregulation from early to advanced stages in both groups of patients. Collectively, this data revealed that CDKs overexpression levels may predict BC disease progression and provide further rationale for novel anticancer strategies for HER2+ BC cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muzna Shah
- Medical Students, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mahira Lakhani
- Medical Students, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Danish Mohammad
- Medical Students, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hira Farhan
- Medical Students, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iman Zia
- Medical Students, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rida Tafveez
- Medical Students, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Ghani Rubina
- Department of Biochemistry, Sohail University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Shamim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Haider Ghulam
- Oncology Department, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan
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9
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Marak BN, Dowarah J, Khiangte L, Singh VP. A comprehensive insight on the recent development of Cyclic Dependent Kinase inhibitors as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 203:112571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Loyer P, Trembley JH. Roles of CDK/Cyclin complexes in transcription and pre-mRNA splicing: Cyclins L and CDK11 at the cross-roads of cell cycle and regulation of gene expression. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 107:36-45. [PMID: 32446654 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs) represent a large family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a Cyclin regulatory partner. CDK/cyclin complexes recently identified, as well as "canonical" CDK/Cyclin complexes regulating cell cycle, are implicated in the regulation of gene expression via the phosphorylation of key components of the transcription and pre-mRNA processing machineries. In this review, we summarize the role of CDK/cyclin-dependent phosphorylation in the regulation of transcription and RNA splicing and highlight recent findings that indicate the involvement of CDK11/cyclin L complexes at the cross-roads of cell cycle, transcription and RNA splicing. Finally, we discuss the potential of CDK11 and Cyclins L as therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Loyer
- INSERM, INRAE, Univ Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, Rennes, France.
| | - Janeen H Trembley
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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11
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Kohlmeyer JL, Gordon DJ, Tanas MR, Monga V, Dodd RD, Quelle DE. CDKs in Sarcoma: Mediators of Disease and Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3018. [PMID: 32344731 PMCID: PMC7215455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas represent one of the most challenging tumor types to treat due to their diverse nature and our incomplete understanding of their underlying biology. Recent work suggests cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) pathway activation is a powerful driver of sarcomagenesis. CDK proteins participate in numerous cellular processes required for normal cell function, but their dysregulation is a hallmark of many pathologies including cancer. The contributions and significance of aberrant CDK activity to sarcoma development, however, is only partly understood. Here, we describe what is known about CDK-related alterations in the most common subtypes of sarcoma and highlight areas that warrant further investigation. As disruptions in CDK pathways appear in most, if not all, subtypes of sarcoma, we discuss the history and value of pharmacologically targeting CDKs to combat these tumors. The goals of this review are to (1) assess the prevalence and importance of CDK pathway alterations in sarcomas, (2) highlight the gap in knowledge for certain CDKs in these tumors, and (3) provide insight into studies focused on CDK inhibition for sarcoma treatment. Overall, growing evidence demonstrates a crucial role for activated CDKs in sarcoma development and as important targets for sarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Kohlmeyer
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- The Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 2-570 Bowen Science Bldg., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - David J Gordon
- The Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Munir R Tanas
- The Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Varun Monga
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (V.M.); (R.D.D.)
| | - Rebecca D Dodd
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (V.M.); (R.D.D.)
| | - Dawn E Quelle
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- The Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 2-570 Bowen Science Bldg., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- The Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
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12
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Farghaly TA, Masaret GS, Muhammad ZA, Harras MF. Discovery of thiazole-based-chalcones and 4-hetarylthiazoles as potent anticancer agents: Synthesis, docking study and anticancer activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 98:103761. [PMID: 32200332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The crucial need for novel antitumor agents with high selectivity toward cancer cells has promoted us to synthesize new series of thiazole-based chalcones and 4-hetarylthiazoles (rigid chalcones). The synthesis of thiazolyl chalcones and 4-hetarylthiazoles and the assertion of their structure are described. Their anti-proliferative activity was estimated against three human cancer cell lines; HepG-2, A549 and MCF-7. 3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-(5-methyl-2-(methylamino)thiazol-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (chalcone derivative 3a) showed significant and broad antitumor activity that was more potent than Doxorubicin. In addition, compounds 3d, 3e and 7a displayed potent activity compared to Doxorubicin. Additionally, these compounds were less toxic on normal lung cells WI-38 with high selectivity index. Further study on 3a regarding its effect on the normal cell cycle profile in A549 cells demonstrated cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase together with rise in the percentage of the apoptotic pre-G1 cells. CDK1/CDK2/CDK4 inhibition assays were carried out on 3a, 3d, 3e and 7a and the results revealed non selective inhibition on the tested CDKs with IC50 values of 0.78-1.97 µM. Moreover, docking study predicted that 3a, 3d, 3e and 7a can fit in the ATP binding site of CDK1 enzyme. The apoptosis induction potential of 3a, 3d, 3e and 7a was also estimated against some apoptosis markers. Interestingly, they elevated the level of Bax by 6.36-10.12 folds and reduced the expression of Bcl-2 by 1.94-4.12 folds compared to the control. Furthermore, they increased both active caspase-3 and p53 levels by 8.76-10.56 and 6.85-10.36 folds, respectively higher than the control which indicates their potential to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoraya A Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukkarramah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ghada S Masaret
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukkarramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab A Muhammad
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), P.O. Box 29, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa F Harras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Chou J, Quigley DA, Robinson TM, Feng FY, Ashworth A. Transcription-Associated Cyclin-Dependent Kinases as Targets and Biomarkers for Cancer Therapy. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:351-370. [DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Renshaw MJ, Panagiotou TC, Lavoie BD, Wilde A. CDK11 p58-cyclin L1β regulates abscission site assembly. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18639-18649. [PMID: 31653703 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rigorous spatiotemporal regulation of cell division is required to maintain genome stability. The final stage in cell division, when the cells physically separate (abscission), is tightly regulated to ensure that it occurs after cytokinetic events such as chromosome segregation. A key regulator of abscission timing is Aurora B kinase activity, which inhibits abscission and forms the major activity of the abscission checkpoint. This checkpoint prevents abscission until chromosomes have been cleared from the cytokinetic machinery. Here we demonstrate that the mitosis-specific CDK11p58 kinase specifically forms a complex with cyclin L1β that, in late cytokinesis, localizes to the stem body, a structure in the middle of the intercellular bridge that forms between two dividing cells. Depletion of CDK11 inhibits abscission, and rescue of this phenotype requires CDK11p58 kinase activity or inhibition of Aurora B kinase activity. Furthermore, CDK11p58 kinase activity is required for formation of endosomal sorting complex required for transport III filaments at the site of abscission. Combined, these data suggest that CDK11p58 kinase activity opposes Aurora B activity to enable abscission to proceed and result in successful completion of cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Renshaw
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Thomas C Panagiotou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Brigitte D Lavoie
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Andrew Wilde
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada.
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15
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Feng Y, Liao Y, Zhang J, Shen J, Shao Z, Hornicek F, Duan Z. Transcriptional activation of CBFβ by CDK11 p110 is necessary to promote osteosarcoma cell proliferation. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:125. [PMID: 31610798 PMCID: PMC6792216 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant expression of cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDK) is a hallmark of cancer. CDK11 plays a crucial role in cancer cell growth and proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms of CDK11 and CDK11 transcriptionally regulated genes are largely unknown. METHODS In this study, we performed a global transcriptional analysis using gene array technology to investigate the transcriptional role of CDK11 in osteosarcoma. The promoter luciferase assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and Gel Shift assay were used to identify direct transcriptional targets of CDK11. Clinical relevance and function of core-binding factor subunit beta (CBFβ) were further accessed in osteosarcoma. RESULTS We identified a transcriptional role of protein-DNA interaction for CDK11p110, but not CDK11p58, in the regulation of CBFβ expression in osteosarcoma cells. The CBFβ promoter luciferase assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and Gel Shift assay confirmed that CBFβ is a direct transcriptional target of CDK11. High expression of CBFβ is associated with poor outcome in osteosarcoma patients. Expression of CBFβ contributes to the proliferation and metastatic behavior of osteosarcoma cells. CONCLUSIONS These data establish CBFβ as a mediator of CDK11p110 dependent oncogenesis and suggest that targeting the CDK11- CBFβ pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Yunfei Liao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Jacson Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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16
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CDK11 Loss Induces Cell Cycle Dysfunction and Death of BRAF and NRAS Melanoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020050. [PMID: 30987032 PMCID: PMC6631185 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) is a protein kinase that regulates RNA transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, mitosis, and cell death. Targeting of CDK11 expression levels is effective in the experimental treatment of breast and other cancers, but these data are lacking in melanoma. To understand CDK11 function in melanoma, we evaluated protein and RNA levels of CDK11, Cyclin L1 and Cyclin L2 in benign melanocytes and BRAF- as well as NRAS-mutant melanoma cell lines. We investigated the effectiveness of reducing expression of this survival kinase using RNA interference on viability, clonal survival, and tumorsphere formation in melanoma cell lines. We examined the impact of CDK11 loss in BRAF-mutant melanoma on more than 700 genes important in cancer signaling pathways. Follow-up analysis evaluated how CDK11 loss alters cell cycle function in BRAF- and NRAS-mutant melanoma cells. We present data on CDK11, CCNL1 and CCNL2 mRNA expression in melanoma patients, including prognosis for survival. In sum, we found that CDK11 is necessary for melanoma cell survival, and a major impact of CDK11 loss in melanoma is to cause disruption of the cell cycle distribution with accumulation of G1- and loss of G2/M-phase cancer cells.
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17
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Du Y, Yan D, Yuan Y, Xu J, Wang S, Yang Z, Cheng W, Tian X, Kan Q. CDK11 p110 plays a critical role in the tumorigenicity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells and is a potential drug target. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:452-466. [PMID: 30722725 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1577665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a serious malignancy with limited options for targeted therapy. The exploration of novel targeted therapies for combating ESCC is urgently needed. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play important roles in the progression of cancers; however, the function of CDK11p110 (cyclin-dependent kinase 11p110) in ESCC is still unknown. Here, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of CDK11p110 in the proliferation and growth of ESCC by examining the expression of CDK11p110 in ESCC tissues and by detecting phenotypic changes in ESCC cells after CDK11p110 knockdown or overexpression in vitro and in vivo. According to the tissue microarray analysis, compared with its expression level in normal tissues, the expression level of CDK11p110 was significantly elevated in ESCC tissues; this result was in concordance with the data in TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) datasets. In addition, RNAi-mediated CDK11p110 silencing exerted a substantial inhibitory effect on the proliferation, clonogenicity and migration ability of ESCC cells. Further study indicated that CDK11p110 knockdown arrested ESCC cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, stable shRNA-mediated CDK11p110 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in an ESCC xenograft model, and overexpression of CDK11p110 enhanced tumor growth. In addition, the Ki67 proliferation index was closely associated with the elevation or depletion of CDK11p110 in vivo. In summary, this study provides evidence that CDK11p110 play a critical role in the tumorigenicity of ESCC cells, which suggests that CDK11p110 may be a promising therapeutic target in ESCC. Abbreviations: CDKs: cyclin-dependent kinases; CDK11: Cyclin-dependent kinase 11; CDK11p110: Cyclin-dependent kinase 11p110, the larger isomer of cyclin-dependent kinase 11; ESCC: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorting; FDA: the Food and Drug Administration; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas; TMA: tissue microarray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Du
- a Department of Pharmacy , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China.,b Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Dan Yan
- a Department of Pharmacy , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China.,b Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Yongliang Yuan
- a Department of Pharmacy , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China.,b Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Jian Xu
- c Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Suhua Wang
- a Department of Pharmacy , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China.,b Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Zhiheng Yang
- a Department of Pharmacy , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China.,b Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Weiyan Cheng
- a Department of Pharmacy , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China.,b Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Xin Tian
- a Department of Pharmacy , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China.,b Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Quancheng Kan
- a Department of Pharmacy , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China.,b Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
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18
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Tumor targeted genome editing mediated by a multi-functional gene vector for regulating cell behaviors. J Control Release 2018; 291:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Harras MF, Sabour R. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazole derivatives as potential chemotherapeutic agents for hepatocellular carcinoma. Bioorg Chem 2018; 78:149-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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20
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Abstract
Inhibition of CDKs is an attractive approach to cancer therapy due to their vital role in cell growth and transcription. Pan-CDK inhibitors have shown some clinical benefit, and trials are ongoing. Selective CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors have been licensed for the treatment of hormone responsive, RB-positive breast cancer in combination with antihormonal agents. Selective inhibitors of CDKs 5, 7, 8, 9 and 12 have been identified across a range of chemotypes.
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21
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Liu BY, He XY, Xu C, Xu L, Ai SL, Cheng SX, Zhuo RX. A Dual-Targeting Delivery System for Effective Genome Editing and In Situ Detecting Related Protein Expression in Edited Cells. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2957-2968. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Lun Ai
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Xue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ren-Xi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
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22
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DNA methylation of the CDC2L1 gene promoter region decreases the expression of the CDK11p58 protein and reduces apoptosis in keloid fibroblasts. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 310:107-115. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23
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Chen H, Shen J, Choy E, Hornicek FJ, Shan A, Duan Z. Targeting DYRK1B suppresses the proliferation and migration of liposarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 9:13154-13166. [PMID: 29568347 PMCID: PMC5862568 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma is a common subtype of soft tissue sarcoma and accounts for 20% of all sarcomas. Conventional chemotherapeutic agents have limited efficacy in liposarcoma patients. Expression and activation of serine/threonine-protein kinase dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1B (DYRK1B) is associated with growth and survival of many types of cancer cells. However, the role of DYRK1B in liposarcoma remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the functional and therapeutic relevance of DYRK1B in liposarcoma. Tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that higher expression levels of DYRK1B correlated with a worse prognosis. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of DYRK1B or targeting DYRK1B with the kinase inhibitor AZ191 inhibited liposarcoma cell growth, decreased cell motility, and induced apoptosis. Moreover, combined AZ191 with doxorubicin demonstrated an increased anti-cancer effect on liposarcoma cells. These findings suggest that DYRK1B is critical for the growth of liposarcoma cells. Targeting DYRK1B provides a new rationale for treatment of liposarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, ShenZhen People's Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China, 518020.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Jacson Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Edwin Choy
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6902, USA
| | - Aijun Shan
- Department of Emergency Surgery, ShenZhen People's Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China, 518020
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6902, USA
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24
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Kinases Involved in Both Autophagy and Mitosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091884. [PMID: 28858266 PMCID: PMC5618533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both mitosis and autophagy are highly regulated dynamic cellular processes and involve various phosphorylation events catalysed by kinases, which play vital roles in almost all physiological and pathological conditions. Mitosis is a key event during the cell cycle, in which the cell divides into two daughter cells. Autophagy is a process in which the cell digests its own cellular contents. Although autophagy regulation has mainly been studied in asynchronous cells, increasing evidence indicates that autophagy is in fact tightly regulated in mitosis. Here in this review, we will discuss kinases that were originally identified to be involved in only one of either mitosis or autophagy, but were later found to participate in both processes, such as CDKs (cyclin-dependent kinases), Aurora kinases, PLK-1 (polo-like kinase 1), BUB1 (budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1), MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases), mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1), AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), PI3K (phosphoinositide-3 kinase) and protein kinase B (AKT). By focusing on kinases involved in both autophagy and mitosis, we will get a more comprehensive understanding about the reciprocal regulation between the two key cellular events, which will also shed light on their related therapeutic investigations.
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25
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Li J, Li T, Lu Y, Shen G, Guo H, Wu J, Lei C, Du F, Zhou F, Zhao X, Nie Y, Fan D. MiR-2392 suppresses metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting MAML3 and WHSC1 in gastric cancer. FASEB J 2017; 31:3774-3786. [PMID: 28512191 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601140rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have emerged as essential regulators of various cellular processes. We identified the role and underlying mechanisms of miR-2392 in gastric cancer (GC) metastasis. MiR-2392 was down-regulated in GC cell lines and tissues, and overexpression of miR-2392 significantly inhibited GC invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo We identified MAML3 and WHSC1 as novel targets of miR-2392, and knockdown of MAML3 and WHSC1 had the same antimetastatic effect as that of miR-2392 in GC cells. These effects were clinically relevant, as low miR-2392 expression was correlated with high MAML3 and WHSC1 expression and poor survival in patients with GC. Furthermore, forced expression of miR-2392 substantially suppressed Slug and Twist1, transcriptional repressors of E-cadherin, by targeting MAML3 and WHSC1, respectively, resulting in inhibition of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These findings indicate that the miR-2392-MAML3/WHSC1-Slug/Twist1 regulatory axis plays a critical role in GC metastasis. Restoration of miR-2392 may be a therapeutic approach for blocking GC metastasis.-Li, J., Li, T., Lu, Y., Shen, G., Guo, H., Wu, J., Lei, C., Du, F., Zhou, F., Zhao, X., Nie, Y., Fan, D. MiR-2392 suppresses metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting MAML3 and WHSC1 in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gaofei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fenli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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26
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Abstract
Over the past two decades there has been a great deal of interest in the development of inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). This attention initially stemmed from observations that different CDK isoforms have key roles in cancer cell proliferation through loss of regulation of the cell cycle, a hallmark feature of cancer. CDKs have now been shown to regulate other processes, particularly various aspects of transcription. The early non-selective CDK inhibitors exhibited considerable toxicity and proved to be insufficiently active in most cancers. The lack of patient selection biomarkers and an absence of understanding of the inhibitory profile required for efficacy hampered the development of these inhibitors. However, the advent of potent isoform-selective inhibitors with accompanying biomarkers has re-ignited interest. Palbociclib, a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, is now approved for the treatment of ER+/HER2- advanced breast cancer. Current developments in the field include the identification of potent and selective inhibitors of the transcriptional CDKs; these include tool compounds that have allowed exploration of individual CDKs as cancer targets and the determination of their potential therapeutic windows. Biomarkers that allow the selection of patients likely to respond are now being discovered. Drug resistance has emerged as a major hurdle in the clinic for most protein kinase inhibitors and resistance mechanism are beginning to be identified for CDK inhibitors. This suggests that the selective inhibitors may be best used combined with standard of care or other molecularly targeted agents now in development rather than in isolation as monotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Whittaker
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Aurélie Mallinger
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Workman
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Clarke
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom.
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27
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Liu TH, Wu YF, Dong XL, Pan CX, Du GY, Yang JG, Wang W, Bao XY, Chen P, Pan MH, Lu C. Identification and characterization of the BmCyclin L1-BmCDK11A/B complex in relation to cell cycle regulation. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:861-868. [PMID: 28318374 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1304339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin proteins are the key regulatory and activity partner of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play pivotal regulatory roles in cell cycle progression. In the present study, we identified a Cyclin L1 and 2 CDK11 2 CDK11 splice variants, CDK11A and CDK11B, from silkworm, Bombyx mori. We determined that both Cyclin L1 and CDK11A/B are nuclear proteins, and further investigations were conducted to elucidate their spatiofunctional features. Cyclin L1 forms a complex with CDK11A/B and were co-localized to the nucleus. Moreover, the dimerization of CDK11A and CDK11B and the effects of Cyclin L1 and CDK11A/B on cell cycle regulation were also investigated. Using overexpression or RNA interference experiments, we demonstrated that the abnormal expression of Cyclin L1 and CDK11A/B leads to cell cycle arrest and cell proliferation suppression. Together, these findings indicate that CDK11A/B interacts with Cyclin L1 to regulate the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Hang Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yun-Fei Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xiao-Long Dong
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China.,b College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , China
| | - Cai-Xia Pan
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Guo-Yu Du
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Ji-Gui Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Wei Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xi-Yan Bao
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Peng Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Min-Hui Pan
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China.,c Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Cheng Lu
- a State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology , Southwest University , Chongqing , China.,c Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
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28
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Liao Y, Sassi S, Halvorsen S, Feng Y, Shen J, Gao Y, Cote G, Choy E, Harmon D, Mankin H, Hornicek F, Duan Z. Androgen receptor is a potential novel prognostic marker and oncogenic target in osteosarcoma with dependence on CDK11. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43941. [PMID: 28262798 PMCID: PMC5338289 DOI: 10.1038/srep43941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in children and adolescents. Previously, we have found that cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) signaling was essential for osteosarcoma cell growth and survival. Subsequently, CDK11 siRNA gene targeting, expression profiling, and network reconstruction of differentially expressed genes were performed between CDK11 knock down and wild type osteosarcoma cells. Reconstructed network of the differentially expressed genes pointed to the AR as key to CDK11 signaling in osteosarcoma. CDK11 increased transcriptional activation of AR gene in osteosarcoma cell lines. AR protein was highly expressed in various osteosarcoma cell lines and patient tumor tissues. Tissue microarray analysis showed that the disease-free survival rate for patients with high-expression of AR was significantly shorter than for patients with low-expression of AR. In addition, AR gene expression knockdown via siRNA greatly inhibited cell growth and viability. Similar results were found in osteosarcoma cells treated with AR inhibitor. These findings suggest that CDK11 is involved in the regulation of AR pathway and AR can be a potential novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Liao
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Slim Sassi
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (CCIB), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02139USA
| | - Stefan Halvorsen
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (CCIB), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02139USA
| | - Yong Feng
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jacson Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114USA
| | - Gregory Cote
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Edwin Choy
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - David Harmon
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Henry Mankin
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114USA
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114USA
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrazolic chalcone derivatives as novel hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 129:12-26. [PMID: 28219046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite having the second highest mortality associated with cancer, currently Sorafenib is the only FDA-approved chemotherapeutic agent available for liver cancer patients which can only improve survival for few months. In this study, various pyrazolic chalcone analogous compounds were synthesized and evaluated as potential chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Modifying the central pyrazole ring at the C(3)-position with different heteroaryl rings and substituting the C(4)-position of pyrazole with differently substituted chalcone moiety produced fouthy two variant compounds. For all these compounds, cytotoxicity was evaluated using sulforhodamine B assay and real time cell growth tracking, respectively. Based on 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values, compounds 39, 42, 49, and 52 were shown to exhibit potent cytotoxic activity against all the cancer cell lines tested, and had better cytotoxic activities than the well-known chemotherapeutic drug 5-FU. Therefore, these compounds were chosen to be further evaluated in a panel of HCC cell lines. Flow cytometric analysis of HCC cells treated with compounds 39, 42, 49, and 52 demonstrated that these compounds caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase followed by the apoptotic cell death and impaired cell growth as shown by real-time cell growth surveillance. Consistent with these results, western blotting of HCC cells treated with the compounds resulted in molecular changes for cell cycle proteins, where p21 levels were increased independent of p53 and the levels of the key initiators of mitosis Cyclin B1 and CDK1 were shown to decrease upon treatment. In conclusion, chalcone derivatives 42 and 52 show potent bioactivities by modulating the expression of cell-cycle related proteins and resulting in cell-cycle arrest in the HCC cell lines tested here, indicating that the compounds can be considered as preclinical candidates.
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Liao Y, Feng Y, Shen J, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. The roles and therapeutic potential of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in sarcoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 35:151-63. [PMID: 26669603 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-015-9601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled proliferation and cell growth is the hallmark of many different malignant diseases, including sarcomas. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are members of the serine/threonine protein kinase family and play crucial roles in tumor cell proliferation and growth by controlling cell cycle, transcription, and RNA splicing. In addition, several CDKs influence multiple targets and phosphorylate transcription factors involved in tumorigenesis. There are many examples linking dysregulated activation and expression of CDKs to tumors, and targeting CDKs in tumor cells has become a promising therapeutic strategy. More recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib for treating metastatic breast cancer. In sarcomas, high levels of CDK mRNA and protein expression have been found in most human sarcoma cells and patient tissues. Many studies have demonstrated consistent results in which inhibition of different CDKs decrease sarcoma cell growth and induce apoptosis. Therefore, CDKs comprise an attractive set of targets for novel anti-sarcoma drug development. In this review, we discuss the roles of different members of CDKs in various sarcomas and provide a pre-clinical overview of promising therapeutic potentials of targeting CDKs with a special emphasis on sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Liao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, China, 430022
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, China, 430022
| | - Jacson Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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31
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Huang X, Zhong N, Zhang H, Ma A, Yuan Z, Guo N. Reduced expression of HCN channels in the sinoatrial node of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:586-594. [PMID: 28177679 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an electrical remodeling of the heart, increasing the risk of arrhythmias. However, knowledge of electrical remodeling in the sinoatrial node (SAN) by DM is limited. We investigated the expression of HCN channel isoforms, HCN1-HCN4, in SAN from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and the age-matched controls. We found that the STZ-induced diabetic rats have a lower intrinsic heart rate, a lengthened sinoatrial conduction time, and rate-corrected maximal sinoatrial node recovery time in vivo as well as a longer cycle length (CL) in vitro, as compared with the control. Optical mapping of the SAN demonstrated an inferior leading pacemaker site, reduced SAN conduction velocity and diastolic depolarization slope, and a longer action potential duration in the STZ-induced diabetic rats than in the control. The transcripts and proteins of HCN2 and HCN4 in diabetic SAN were reduced. Specific blockade of HCN channels by 3 μmol/L ivabradine significantly prolonged the CL of a Langendorff heart by 18% in the diabetic rats and 26% in the control. The reduced expression of HCN channel isoforms in the SAN of the STZ-induced diabetic rat may be an important contributor to the reduced SAN function in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- a Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China, 710061
| | - Nier Zhong
- b Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China, 710068
| | - Hong Zhang
- c School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China, 710049
| | - Aiqun Ma
- a Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China, 710061
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- a Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China, 710061
| | - Ning Guo
- a Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China, 710061
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32
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Pak V, Eifler TT, Jäger S, Krogan NJ, Fujinaga K, Peterlin BM. CDK11 in TREX/THOC Regulates HIV mRNA 3' End Processing. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 18:560-70. [PMID: 26567509 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases play important roles in eukaryotic gene expression. CDK7, CDK9 (P-TEFb), and CDK13 are also critical for HIV replication. However, the function of CDK11 remained enigmatic. In this report, we determined that CDK11 regulates the cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) of all viral transcripts. CDK11 was found associated with the TREX/THOC, which recruited this kinase to DNA. Once at the viral genome, CDK11 phosphorylated serines at position 2 in the CTD of RNAPII, which increased levels of CPA factors at the HIV 3' end. In its absence, cleavage of viral transcripts was greatly attenuated. In contrast, higher levels of CDK11 increased the length of HIV poly(A) tails and the stability of mature viral transcripts. We conclude that CDK11 plays a critical role for the cotranscriptional processing of all HIV mRNA species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Pak
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tristan T Eifler
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Stefanie Jäger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Koh Fujinaga
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - B Matija Peterlin
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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33
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Zhou Y, Shen JK, Hornicek FJ, Kan Q, Duan Z. The emerging roles and therapeutic potential of cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) in human cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:40846-40859. [PMID: 27049727 PMCID: PMC5130049 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression and/or hyperactivation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are common features of most cancer types. CDKs have been shown to play important roles in tumor cell proliferation and growth by controlling cell cycle, transcription, and RNA splicing. CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib has been recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of breast cancer. CDK11 is a serine/threonine protein kinase in the CDK family and recent studies have shown that CDK11 also plays critical roles in cancer cell growth and proliferation. A variety of genetic and epigenetic events may cause universal overexpression of CDK11 in human cancers. Inhibition of CDK11 has been shown to lead to cancer cell death and apoptosis. Significant evidence has suggested that CDK11 may be a novel and promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers. This review will focus on the emerging roles of CDK11 in human cancers, and provide a proof-of-principle for continued efforts toward targeting CDK11 for effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jacson K. Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Francis J. Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Dickinson PJ, York D, Higgins RJ, LeCouteur RA, Joshi N, Bannasch D. Chromosomal Aberrations in Canine Gliomas Define Candidate Genes and Common Pathways in Dogs and Humans. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:700-10. [PMID: 27251041 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous gliomas in dogs occur at a frequency similar to that in humans and may provide a translational model for therapeutic development and comparative biological investigations. Copy number alterations in 38 canine gliomas, including diffuse astrocytomas, glioblastomas, oligodendrogliomas, and mixed oligoastrocytomas, were defined using an Illumina 170K single nucleotide polymorphism array. Highly recurrent alterations were seen in up to 85% of some tumor types, most notably involving chromosomes 13, 22, and 38, and gliomas clustered into 2 major groups consisting of high-grade IV astrocytomas, or oligodendrogliomas and other tumors. Tumor types were characterized by specific broad and focal chromosomal events including focal loss of the INK4A/B locus in glioblastoma and loss of the RB1 gene and amplification of the PDGFRA gene in oligodendrogliomas. Genes associated with the 3 critical pathways in human high-grade gliomas (TP53, RB1, and RTK/RAS/PI3K) were frequently associated with canine aberrations. Analysis of oligodendrogliomas revealed regions of chromosomal losses syntenic to human 1p involving tumor suppressor genes, such as CDKN2C, as well as genes associated with apoptosis, autophagy, and response to chemotherapy and radiation. Analysis of high frequency chromosomal aberrations with respect to human orthologues may provide insight into both novel and common pathways in gliomagenesis and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Dickinson
- From the Departments of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (PJD, DY, RAL), Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (RJH), and Population Health & Reproduction (DB), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, and Bioinformatics Core, UC Davis Genome Center (NJ) University of California, Davis, California.
| | - Dan York
- From the Departments of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (PJD, DY, RAL), Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (RJH), and Population Health & Reproduction (DB), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, and Bioinformatics Core, UC Davis Genome Center (NJ) University of California, Davis, California
| | - Robert J Higgins
- From the Departments of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (PJD, DY, RAL), Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (RJH), and Population Health & Reproduction (DB), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, and Bioinformatics Core, UC Davis Genome Center (NJ) University of California, Davis, California
| | - Richard A LeCouteur
- From the Departments of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (PJD, DY, RAL), Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (RJH), and Population Health & Reproduction (DB), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, and Bioinformatics Core, UC Davis Genome Center (NJ) University of California, Davis, California
| | - Nikhil Joshi
- From the Departments of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (PJD, DY, RAL), Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (RJH), and Population Health & Reproduction (DB), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, and Bioinformatics Core, UC Davis Genome Center (NJ) University of California, Davis, California
| | - Danika Bannasch
- From the Departments of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (PJD, DY, RAL), Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (RJH), and Population Health & Reproduction (DB), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, and Bioinformatics Core, UC Davis Genome Center (NJ) University of California, Davis, California
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35
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Liu X, Gao Y, Shen J, Yang W, Choy E, Mankin H, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 11 (CDK11) Is Required for Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo, and Its Inhibition Causes Apoptosis and Sensitizes Cells to Paclitaxel. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1691-701. [PMID: 27207777 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is currently the most lethal gynecologic malignancy with limited treatment options. Improved targeted therapies are needed to combat ovarian cancer. Here, we report the identification of cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) as a mediator of tumor cell growth and proliferation in ovarian cancer cells. Although CDK11 has not been implicated previously in this disease, we have found that its expression is upregulated in human ovarian cancer tissues and associated with malignant progression. Metastatic and recurrent tumors have significantly higher CDK11 expression when compared with the matched, original primary tumors. RNAi-mediated CDK11 silencing by synthetic siRNA or lentiviral shRNA decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, CDK11 knockdown enhances the cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel to inhibit cell growth in ovarian cancer cells. Systemic in vivo administration of CDK11 siRNA reduced the tumor growth in an ovarian cancer xenograft model. Our findings suggest that CDK11 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1691-701. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Liu
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacson Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wen Yang
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Edwin Choy
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henry Mankin
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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36
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Liu T, Shen JK, Li Z, Choy E, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. Development and potential applications of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology in sarcoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 373:109-118. [PMID: 26806808 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas include some of the most aggressive tumors and typically respond poorly to chemotherapy. In recent years, specific gene fusion/mutations and gene over-expression/activation have been shown to drive sarcoma pathogenesis and development. These emerging genomic alterations may provide targets for novel therapeutic strategies and have the potential to transform sarcoma patient care. The RNA-guided nuclease CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein-9 nuclease) is a convenient and versatile platform for site-specific genome editing and epigenome targeted modulation. Given that sarcoma is believed to develop as a result of genetic alterations in mesenchymal progenitor/stem cells, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technologies hold extensive application potentials in sarcoma models and therapies. We review the development and mechanisms of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in genome editing and introduce its application in sarcoma research and potential therapy in clinic. Additionally, we propose future directions and discuss the challenges faced with these applications, providing concise and enlightening information for readers interested in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Liu
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Orthopaedic, the 2nd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jacson K Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic, the 2nd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Edwin Choy
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
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Huang X, Yang P, Yang Z, Zhang H, Ma A. Age-associated expression of HCN channel isoforms in rat sinoatrial node. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:331-9. [PMID: 26341471 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215603515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation (HCN) channel isoforms varies among species, cardiac tissues, developmental stages, and disease generation. However, alterations in the HCN channels during aging remain unclear. We investigated the protein expressions of HCN channel isoforms, HCN1-HCN4, in the sinoatrial nodes (SANs) from young (1-month-old), adult (4-month-old), and aged (30-month-old) rats. We found that HCN2 and HCN4 proteins were present in rat SAN using immunohistochemistry; therefore, we quantitatively analyzed their expression by Western blot. Aim to correlate protein expression and pacemaking function, specific blockade of HCN channels with 3 µmol/L ivabradine prolonged the cycle length in the intact rat heart. During the senescent process, the HCN2 and HCN4 protein levels declined, which was accompanied with a decreased effect of ivabradine on rat SAN automaticity. These results indicated the age-associated expression and relative function of HCN channel isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Ion Channel Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes related to Diseases of Education Ministry, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Institute of Medical Electronics in Medical School, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Ion Channel Disease Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes related to Diseases of Education Ministry, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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38
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Zhou Y, Han C, Li D, Yu Z, Li F, Li F, An Q, Bai H, Zhang X, Duan Z, Kan Q. Cyclin-dependent kinase 11(p110) (CDK11(p110)) is crucial for human breast cancer cell proliferation and growth. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10433. [PMID: 25990212 PMCID: PMC4438429 DOI: 10.1038/srep10433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play important roles in the development of many types of cancers by binding with their paired cyclins. However, the function of CDK11 larger protein isomer, CDK11(p110), in the tumorigenesis of human breast cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we explored the effects and molecular mechanisms of CDK11(p110) in the proliferation and growth of breast cancer cells by determining the expression of CDK11(p110) in breast tumor tissues and examining the phenotypic changes of breast cancer cells after CDK11(p110) knockdown. We found that CDK11(p110) was highly expressed in breast tumor tissues and cell lines. Tissue microarray analysis showed that elevated CDK11(p110) expression in breast cancer tissues significantly correlated with poor differentiation, and was also associated with advanced TNM stage and poor clinical prognosis for breast cancer patients. In vitro knockdown of CDK11(p110) by siRNA significantly inhibited cell growth and migration, and dramatically induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Flow cytometry demonstrated that cells were markedly arrested in G1 phase of the cell cycle after CDK11(p110) downregulation. These findings suggest that CDK11(p110) is critical for the proliferation and growth of breast cancer cells, which highlights CDK11(p110) may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Duolu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Fengmei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Huili Bai
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Sarcoma Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Using the MCF10A/MCF10CA1a Breast Cancer Progression Cell Line Model to Investigate the Effect of Active, Mutant Forms of EGFR in Breast Cancer Development and Treatment Using Gefitinib. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125232. [PMID: 25969993 PMCID: PMC4430383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal-like and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) share common molecular features, poor prognosis and a propensity for metastasis to the brain. Amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) occurs in ~50% of basal-like breast cancer, and mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been reported in up to ~ 10% of Asian TNBC patients. In non-small cell lung cancer several different mutations in the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain confer sensitivity to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but the tumourigenic potential of EGFR mutations in breast cells and their potential for targeted therapy is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Constructs containing wild type, G719S or E746-A750 deletion mutant forms of EGFR were transfected into the MCF10A breast cells and their tumorigenic derivative, MCF10CA1a. The effects of EGFR over-expression and mutation on proliferation, migration, invasion, response to gefitinib, and tumour formation in vivo was investigated. Copy number analysis and whole exome sequencing of the MCF10A and MCF10CA1a cell lines were also performed. RESULTS Mutant EGFR increased MCF10A and MCF10CA1a proliferation and MCF10A gefitinib sensitivity. The EGFR-E746-A750 deletion increased MCF10CA1a cell migration and invasion, and greatly increased MCF10CA1a xenograft tumour formation and growth. Compared to MCF10A cells, MCF10CA1a cells exhibited large regions of gain on chromosomes 3 and 9, deletion on chromosome 7, and mutations in many genes implicated in cancer. CONCLUSIONS Mutant EGFR enhances the oncogenic properties of MCF10A cell line, and increases sensitivity to gefitinib. Although the addition of EGFR E746-A750 renders the MCF10CA1a cells more tumourigenic in vivo it is not accompanied by increased gefitinib sensitivity, perhaps due to additional mutations, including the PIK3CA H1047R mutation, that the MCF10CA1a cell line has acquired. Screening TNBC/basal-like breast cancer for EGFR mutations may prove useful for directing therapy but, as in non-small cell lung cancer, accompanying mutations in PIK3CA may confer gefitinib resistance.
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Kren BT, Unger GM, Abedin MJ, Vogel RI, Henzler CM, Ahmed K, Trembley JH. Preclinical evaluation of cyclin dependent kinase 11 and casein kinase 2 survival kinases as RNA interference targets for triple negative breast cancer therapy. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:19. [PMID: 25837326 PMCID: PMC4344788 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Targeted therapies for aggressive breast cancers like triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are needed. The use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to disable expression of survival genes provides a tool for killing these cancer cells. Cyclin dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) is a survival protein kinase that regulates RNA transcription, splicing and mitosis. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a survival protein kinase that suppresses cancer cell death. Eliminating the expression of these genes has potential therapeutic utility for breast cancer. Methods Expression levels of CDK11 and CK2 mRNAs and associated proteins were examined in breast cancer cell lines and tissue arrays. RNA expression levels of CDC2L1, CDC2L2, CCNL1, CCNL2, CSNK2A1, CSNK2A2, and CSNK2B genes in breast cancer subtypes were analyzed. Effects following transfection of siRNAs against CDK11 and CK2 in cultured cells were examined by viability and clonal survival assays and by RNA and protein measures. Uptake of tenfibgen (TBG) nanocapsules by TNBC cells was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. TBG nanocapsules delivered siRNAs targeting CDK11 or CK2 in mice carrying TNBC xenograft tumors. Transcript cleavage and response parameters were evaluated. Results We found strong CDK11 and CK2 mRNA and protein expression in most human breast cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of TNBC patient tissues showed 100% of tumors stained positive for CDK11 with high nuclear intensity compared to normal tissue. The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis comparing basal to other breast cancer subtypes and to normal breast revealed statistically significant differences. Down-regulation of CDK11 and/or CK2 in breast cancer cells caused significant loss of cell viability and clonal survival, reduced relevant mRNA and protein expression, and induced cell death changes. TBG nanocapsules were taken up by TNBC cells both in culture and in xenograft tumors. Treatment with TBG- siRNA to CDK11 or TBG- siRNA to CK2αα’ nanocapsules induced appropriate cleavage of CDK11 and CK2α transcripts in TNBC tumors, and caused MDA-MB-231 tumor reduction, loss of proliferation, and decreased expression of targeted genes. Conclusions CDK11 and CK2 expression are individually essential for breast cancer cell survival, including TNBC. These genes serve as promising new targets for therapeutic development in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy T Kren
- Research Service (151), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE Room 130, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA
| | | | - Md J Abedin
- Research Service (151), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Rachel I Vogel
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE Room 130, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA
| | - Christine M Henzler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 117 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Khalil Ahmed
- Research Service (151), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE Room 130, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA ; Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Janeen H Trembley
- Research Service (151), Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE Room 130, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA
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Feng Y, Sassi S, Shen JK, Yang X, Gao Y, Osaka E, Zhang J, Yang S, Yang C, Mankin HJ, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. Targeting CDK11 in osteosarcoma cells using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:199-207. [PMID: 25348612 PMCID: PMC4304907 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type primary malignant tumor of bone. Patients with regional osteosarcoma are routinely treated with surgery and chemotherapy. In addition, many patients with metastatic or recurrent osteosarcoma show poor prognosis with current chemotherapy agents. Therefore, it is important to improve the general condition and the overall survival rate of patients with osteosarcoma by identifying novel therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have revealed that CDK11 is essential in osteosarcoma cell growth and survival by inhibiting CDK11 mRNA expression with RNAi. Here, we apply the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system, a robust and highly efficient novel genome editing tool, to determine the effect of targeting endogenous CDK11 gene at the DNA level in osteosarcoma cell lines. We show that CDK11 can be efficiently silenced by CRISPR-Cas9. Inhibition of CDK11 is associated with decreased cell proliferation and viability, and induces cell death in osteosarcoma cell lines KHOS and U-2OS. Furthermore, the migration and invasion activities are also markedly reduced by CDK11 knockout. These results demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas9 system is a useful tool for the modification of endogenous CDK11 gene expression, and CRISPR-Cas9 targeted CDK11 knockout may be a promising therapeutic regimen for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Feng
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, China, 430022
| | - Slim Sassi
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jacson K Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Yan Gao
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Eiji Osaka
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Shuhua Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, China, 430022
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, China, 430022
| | - Henry J. Mankin
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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Peyressatre M, Prével C, Pellerano M, Morris MC. Targeting cyclin-dependent kinases in human cancers: from small molecules to Peptide inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:179-237. [PMID: 25625291 PMCID: PMC4381256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK/Cyclins) form a family of heterodimeric kinases that play central roles in regulation of cell cycle progression, transcription and other major biological processes including neuronal differentiation and metabolism. Constitutive or deregulated hyperactivity of these kinases due to amplification, overexpression or mutation of cyclins or CDK, contributes to proliferation of cancer cells, and aberrant activity of these kinases has been reported in a wide variety of human cancers. These kinases therefore constitute biomarkers of proliferation and attractive pharmacological targets for development of anticancer therapeutics. The structural features of several of these kinases have been elucidated and their molecular mechanisms of regulation characterized in depth, providing clues for development of drugs and inhibitors to disrupt their function. However, like most other kinases, they constitute a challenging class of therapeutic targets due to their highly conserved structural features and ATP-binding pocket. Notwithstanding, several classes of inhibitors have been discovered from natural sources, and small molecule derivatives have been synthesized through rational, structure-guided approaches or identified in high throughput screens. The larger part of these inhibitors target ATP pockets, but a growing number of peptides targeting protein/protein interfaces are being proposed, and a small number of compounds targeting allosteric sites have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Peyressatre
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM-CNRS-UMR5247, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France.
| | - Camille Prével
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM-CNRS-UMR5247, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France.
| | - Morgan Pellerano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM-CNRS-UMR5247, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France.
| | - May C Morris
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM-CNRS-UMR5247, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France.
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