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Plekhanov AA, Kozlov DS, Shepeleva AA, Kiseleva EB, Shimolina LE, Druzhkova IN, Plekhanova MA, Karabut MM, Gubarkova EV, Gavrina AI, Krylov DP, Sovetsky AA, Gamayunov SV, Kuznetsova DS, Zaitsev VY, Sirotkina MA, Gladkova ND. Tissue Elasticity as a Diagnostic Marker of Molecular Mutations in Morphologically Heterogeneous Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5337. [PMID: 38791375 PMCID: PMC11120711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of molecular mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) is a decisive factor in selecting the most effective first-line therapy. However, molecular analysis is routinely performed only in a limited number of patients with remote metastases. We propose to use tissue stiffness as a marker of the presence of molecular mutations in CRC samples. For this purpose, we applied compression optical coherence elastography (C-OCE) to calculate stiffness values in regions corresponding to specific CRC morphological patterns (n = 54). In parallel to estimating stiffness, molecular analysis from the same zones was performed to establish their relationships. As a result, a high correlation between the presence of KRAS/NRAS/BRAF driver mutations and high stiffness values was revealed regardless of CRC morphological pattern type. Further, we proposed threshold stiffness values for label-free targeted detection of molecular alterations in CRC tissues: for KRAS, NRAS, or BRAF driver mutation-above 803 kPa (sensitivity-91%; specificity-80%; diagnostic accuracy-85%), and only for KRAS driver mutation-above 850 kPa (sensitivity-90%; specificity-88%; diagnostic accuracy-89%). To conclude, C-OCE estimation of tissue stiffness can be used as a clinical diagnostic tool for preliminary screening of genetic burden in CRC tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A. Plekhanov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Kozlov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Shepeleva
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncologic Hospital, 11/1 Delovaya St., 603126 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena B. Kiseleva
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Liubov E. Shimolina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Irina N. Druzhkova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria A. Plekhanova
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncologic Hospital, 11/1 Delovaya St., 603126 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod City Polyclinic #1, 5 Marshala Zhukova Sq., 603107 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria M. Karabut
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Gubarkova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alena I. Gavrina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry P. Krylov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Sovetsky
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanova St., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Gamayunov
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncologic Hospital, 11/1 Delovaya St., 603126 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Daria S. Kuznetsova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir Y. Zaitsev
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanova St., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Marina A. Sirotkina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Natalia D. Gladkova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Optical force estimation for interactions between tool and soft tissues. Sci Rep 2023; 13:506. [PMID: 36627354 PMCID: PMC9831996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Robotic assistance in minimally invasive surgery offers numerous advantages for both patient and surgeon. However, the lack of force feedback in robotic surgery is a major limitation, and accurately estimating tool-tissue interaction forces remains a challenge. Image-based force estimation offers a promising solution without the need to integrate sensors into surgical tools. In this indirect approach, interaction forces are derived from the observed deformation, with learning-based methods improving accuracy and real-time capability. However, the relationship between deformation and force is determined by the stiffness of the tissue. Consequently, both deformation and local tissue properties must be observed for an approach applicable to heterogeneous tissue. In this work, we use optical coherence tomography, which can combine the detection of tissue deformation with shear wave elastography in a single modality. We present a multi-input deep learning network for processing of local elasticity estimates and volumetric image data. Our results demonstrate that accounting for elastic properties is critical for accurate image-based force estimation across different tissue types and properties. Joint processing of local elasticity information yields the best performance throughout our phantom study. Furthermore, we test our approach on soft tissue samples that were not present during training and show that generalization to other tissue properties is possible.
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Collagen-Specific Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010711. [PMID: 36614152 PMCID: PMC9821004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Constant interactions between tumor cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) influence the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). One of the key components of the ECM are collagen fibers, since they are responsible for the tissue stiffness, growth, adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion/metastasis, cell signaling, and immune recruitment of tumor cells. To explore this molecular marker in the content of PCa, we investigated two different tumor volumes (500 mm3 and 1000 mm3) of a xenograft mouse model of PCa with molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a collagen-specific probe. For in vivo MRI evaluation, T1-weighted sequences before and after probe administration were analyzed. No significant signal difference between the two tumor volumes could be found. However, we detected a significant difference between the signal intensity of the peripheral tumor area and the central area of the tumor, at both 500 mm3 (p < 0.01, n = 16) and at 1000 mm3 (p < 0.01, n = 16). The results of our histologic analyses confirmed the in vivo studies: There was no significant difference in the amount of collagen between the two tumor volumes (p > 0.05), but within the tumor, higher collagen expression was observed in the peripheral area compared with the central area of the tumor. Laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry further confirmed these results. The 1000 mm3 tumors contained 2.8 ± 1.0% collagen and the 500 mm3 tumors contained 3.2 ± 1.2% (n = 16). There was a strong correlation between the in vivo MRI data and the ex vivo histological data (y = −0.068x + 1.1; R2 = 0.74) (n = 16). The results of elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry supported the MRI data (y = 3.82x + 0.56; R2 = 0.79; n = 7). MRI with the collagen-specific probe in PCa enables differentiation between different tumor areas. This may help to differentiate tumor from healthy tissue, potentially identifying tumor areas with a specific tumor biology.
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Luthold C, Hallal T, Labbé DP, Bordeleau F. The Extracellular Matrix Stiffening: A Trigger of Prostate Cancer Progression and Castration Resistance? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122887. [PMID: 35740556 PMCID: PMC9221142 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements made in diagnosis and treatment, prostate cancer remains the second most diagnosed cancer among men worldwide in 2020, and the first in North America and Europe. Patients with localized disease usually respond well to first-line treatments, however, up to 30% develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is often metastatic, making this stage of the disease incurable and ultimately fatal. Over the last years, interest has grown into the extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening as an important mediator of diseases, including cancers. While this process is increasingly well-characterized in breast cancer, a similar in-depth look at ECM stiffening remains lacking for prostate cancer. In this review, we scrutinize the current state of literature regarding ECM stiffening in prostate cancer and its potential association with disease progression and castration resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Luthold
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada;
- Division of Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Tarek Hallal
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - David P. Labbé
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence: (D.P.L.); (F.B.)
| | - François Bordeleau
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada;
- Division of Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: (D.P.L.); (F.B.)
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Ageeli W, Zhang X, Ogbonnaya CN, Bray SE, Kernohan NM, Wilson J, Li C, Nabi G. Multimodality Characterization of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Tumor Microenvironment and Its Correlation With Ultrasound Shear Wave-Measured Tissue Stiffness in Localized Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:822476. [PMID: 35530322 PMCID: PMC9069005 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.822476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionGrowing evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment (TME) represented by cellular and acellular components plays a key role in the multistep process of metastases and response to therapies. However, imaging and molecular characterization of the TME in prostate cancer (PCa) and its role in predicting aggressive tumor behavior and disease progression is largely unexplored. The study explores the PCa TME through the characterization of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) using both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and genomics approaches. This is then correlated with transrectal ultrasound shear wave elastography (USWE)-measured tissue stiffness.Patients and MethodsThirty patients with clinically localized PCa undergoing radical prostatectomy for different risk categories of tumor (low, intermediate, and high) defined by Gleason score (GS) were prospectively recruited into this study. Prostatic tissue stiffness was measured using USWE prior to surgery. The CAFs within the TME were identified by IHC using a panel of six antibodies (FAP, SMAα, FSP1, CD36, PDGFRα, and PDGFRβ) as well as gene expression profiling using TempO-sequence analysis. Whether the pattern and degree of immunohistochemical positivity (measured by Quick score method) and expression of genes characterizing CAFs were correlated with USWE- and GS-measured tissue stiffnesses were tested using Spearman’s rank correlation and Pearson correlation.ResultsThere was a statistically significant correlation between GS of cancers, the pattern of staining for CAFs by immunohistochemical staining, and tissue stiffness measured in kPa using USWE (p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed in immunohistochemical staining patterns between normal prostate and prostatic cancerous tissue. PDGFRβ and SMAα immunostaining scores increased linearly with increasing the USWE stiffness and the GS of PCa. There was a significant positive correlation between increasing tissue stiffness in tumor stroma and SMAα and PDGFRβ gene expression in the fibromuscular stroma (p < 0.001).ConclusionUSWE-measured tissue stiffness correlates with increased SMAα and PDGFRβ expressing CAFs and PCa GSs. This mechanistic correlation could be used for predicting the upgrading of GS from biopsies to radical surgery and response to novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Ageeli
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Chidozie N. Ogbonnaya
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. Bray
- Tayside Biorepository, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Neil M. Kernohan
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Chunhui Li
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ghulam Nabi,
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Singh M, Zvietcovich F, Larin KV. Introduction to optical coherence elastography: tutorial. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2022; 39:418-430. [PMID: 35297425 PMCID: PMC10052825 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.444808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE) has seen rapid growth since its introduction in 1998. The past few decades have seen tremendous advancements in the development of OCE technology and a wide range of applications, including the first clinical applications. This tutorial introduces the basics of solid mechanics, which form the foundation of all elastography methods. We then describe how OCE measurements of tissue motion can be used to quantify tissue biomechanical parameters. We also detail various types of excitation methods, imaging systems, acquisition schemes, and data processing algorithms and how various parameters associated with each step of OCE imaging can affect the final quantitation of biomechanical properties. Finally, we discuss the future of OCE, its potential, and the next steps required for OCE to become an established medical imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmohan Singh
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Fernando Zvietcovich
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
- Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, San Miguel, Lima 15088, Peru
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Nabi G. Equity in access to global healthcare should be priority: a bitter lesson from Covid-19 pandemic. Scott Med J 2021; 66:99-100. [PMID: 34328041 DOI: 10.1177/00369330211035687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Nabi
- Professor of Surgical Uro-oncology, Head of Division of Imaging Science and Technology, Ninewells Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
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Sanderson RW, Fang Q, Curatolo A, Taba A, DeJong HM, Wood FM, Kennedy BF. Smartphone-based optical palpation: towards elastography of skin for telehealth applications. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3117-3132. [PMID: 34221649 PMCID: PMC8221962 DOI: 10.1364/boe.424567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Smartphones are now integral to many telehealth services that provide remote patients with an improved diagnostic standard of care. The ongoing management of burn wounds and scars is one area in which telehealth has been adopted, using video and photography to assess the repair process over time. However, a current limitation is the inability to evaluate scar stiffness objectively and repeatedly: an essential measurement for classifying the degree of inflammation and fibrosis. Optical elastography detects mechanical contrast on a micrometer- to millimeter-scale, however, typically requires expensive optics and bulky imaging systems, making it prohibitive for wide-spread adoption in telehealth. More recently, a new variant of optical elastography, camera-based optical palpation, has demonstrated the capability to perform elastography at low cost using a standard digital camera. In this paper, we propose smartphone-based optical palpation, adapting camera-based optical palpation by utilizing a commercially available smartphone camera to provide sub-millimeter resolution imaging of mechanical contrast in scar tissue in a form factor that is amenable to telehealth. We first validate this technique on a silicone phantom containing a 5 × 5 × 1 mm3 embedded inclusion, demonstrating comparative image quality between mounted and handheld implementations. We then demonstrate preliminary in vivo smartphone-based optical palpation by imaging a region of healthy skin and two scars on a burns patient, showing clear mechanical contrast between regions of scar tissue and healthy tissue. This study represents the first implementation of elastography on a smartphone device, extending the potential application of elastography to telehealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan W. Sanderson
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Qi Fang
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Andrea Curatolo
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
- Currently with International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Skierniewicka 10A, 01-230 Warsaw, Poland and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aiden Taba
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Helen M. DeJong
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Perth Scar and Pain Clinic, Mt Pleasant, Western Australia 6160, Australia
- Fiona Wood Foundation, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Fiona M. Wood
- Fiona Wood Foundation, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Burn Injury Research Unit, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Burn Service of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Brendan F. Kennedy
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
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Liu HC, Kijanka P, Urban MW. Two-dimensional (2D) dynamic vibration optical coherence elastography (DV-OCE) for evaluating mechanical properties: a potential application in tissue engineering. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1217-1235. [PMID: 33796348 PMCID: PMC7984779 DOI: 10.1364/boe.416661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical properties in tissues are an important indicator because they are associated with disease states. One of the well-known excitation sources in optical coherence elastography (OCE) to determine mechanical properties is acoustic radiation force (ARF); however, a complicated focusing alignment cannot be avoided. Another excitation source is a piezoelectric (PZT) stack to obtain strain images via compression, which can affect the intrinsic mechanical properties of tissues in tissue engineering. In this study, we report a new technique called two-dimensional (2D) dynamic vibration OCE (DV-OCE) to evaluate 2D wave velocities without tedious focusing alignment procedures and is a non-contact method with respect to the samples. The three-dimensional (3D) Fourier transform was utilized to transfer the traveling waves (x, y, t) into 3D k-space (kx, ky, f). A spatial 2D wavenumber filter and multi-angle directional filter were employed to decompose the waves with omni-directional components into four individual traveling directions. The 2D local wave velocity algorithm was used to calculate a 2D wave velocity map. Six materials, two homogeneous phantoms with 10 mm thickness, two homogeneous phantoms with 2 mm thickness, one heterogeneous phantom with 2 mm diameter inclusion and an ex vivo porcine kidney, were examined in this study. In addition, the ARF-OCE was used to evaluate wave velocities for comparison. Numerical simulations were performed to validate the proposed 2D dynamic vibration OCE technique. We demonstrate that the experimental results were in a good agreement with the results from ARF-OCE (transient OCE) and numerical simulations. Our proposed 2D dynamic vibration OCE could potentially pave the way for mechanical evaluation in tissue engineering and for laboratory translation with easy-to-setup and contactless advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Piotr Kijanka
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Matthew W. Urban
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Nabi G. Resurgence of Covid-19 pandemic: Challenging situation of economics vs. healthcare. Scott Med J 2021; 66:1-2. [PMID: 33541210 DOI: 10.1177/0036933020973913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Nabi
- Professor of Surgical Uro-oncology, Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Scotland
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Liu HC, Abbasi M, Ding YH, Roy T, Capriotti M, Liu Y, Fitzgerald S, Doyle KM, Guddati M, Urban MW, Brinjikji W. Characterizing blood clots using acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography and ultrasound shear wave elastography. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:035013. [PMID: 33202384 PMCID: PMC7880883 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abcb1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thromboembolism in a cerebral blood vessel is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is one of the emergenc proceduresperformed to remove emboli. However, the interventional approaches such as aspiration catheters or stent retriever are empirically selected. An inappropriate selection of surgical devices can influence the success rate during embolectomy, which can lead to an increase in brain damage. There has been growing interest in the study of clot composition and using a priori knowledge of clot composition to provide guidance for an appropriate treatment strategy for interventional physicians. Developing imaging tools which can allow interventionalists to understand clot composition could affect management and device strategy. In this study, we investigated how clots of different compositions can be characterized by using acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography (ARF-OCE) and compared with ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE). Five different clots compositions using human blood were fabricated into cylindrical forms from fibrin-rich (21% red blood cells, RBCs) to RBC-rich (95% RBCs). Using the ARF-OCE and SWE, we characterized the wave velocities measured in the time-domain. In addition, the semi-analytical finite element model was used to explore the relationship between the phase velocities with various frequency ranges and diameters of the clots. The study demonstrated that the wave group velocities generally decrease as RBC content increases in ARF-OCE and SWE. The correlation of the group velocities from the OCE and SWE methods represented a good agreement as RBC composition is larger than 39%. Using the phase velocity dispersion analysis applied to ARF-OCE data, we estimated the shear wave velocities decoupling the effects of the geometry and material properties of the clots. The study demonstrated that the composition of the clots can be characterized by elastographic methods using ARF-OCE and SWE, and OCE demonstrated better ability to discriminate between clots of different RBC compositions, compared to the ultrasound-based approach, especially in clots with low RBC compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
- Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
| | - Mehdi Abbasi
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Yong Hong Ding
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Tuhin Roy
- Department of Civil Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
| | - Margherita Capriotti
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Seán Fitzgerald
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Karen M Doyle
- Department of Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Murthy Guddati
- Department of Civil Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
| | - Matthew W Urban
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Waleed Brinjikji
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
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12
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McMillan L, O'Mahoney P, Feng K, Zheng K, Barnard IRM, Li C, Ibbotson S, Eadie E, Brown CTA, Wood K. Development of a Predictive Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer Model for Ablative Fractional Skin Lasers. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 53:731-740. [PMID: 33161582 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
It is possible to enhance topical drug delivery by pretreatment of the skin with ablative fractional lasers (AFLs). However, the parameters to use for a given AFL to achieve the desired depth of ablation or the desired therapeutic or cosmetic outcome are hard to predict. This leaves open the real possibility of overapplication or underapplication of laser energy to the skin. In this study, we developed a numerical model consisting of a Monte Carlo radiative transfer (MCRT) code coupled to a heat transfer and tissue damage algorithm. The simulation is designed to predict the depth effects of AFL on the skin, verified with in vitro experiments in porcine skin via optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Ex vivo porcine skin is irradiated with increasing energies (50-400 mJ/pixel) from a CO2 AFL. The depth of microscopic treatment zones is measured and compared with our numerical model. The data from the OCT images and MCRT model complement each other well. Nonablative thermal effects on surrounding tissue are also discussed. This model, therefore, provides an initial step toward a predictive determination of the effects of AFL on the skin. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis McMillan
- SUPA, School of Astronomy and Physics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Paul O'Mahoney
- Photobiology Unit, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.,The Scottish Photodynamic Therapy Centre, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Kairui Feng
- School of Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Kanheng Zheng
- School of Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Isla R M Barnard
- SUPA, School of Astronomy and Physics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Chunhui Li
- School of Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Sally Ibbotson
- Photobiology Unit, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.,The Scottish Photodynamic Therapy Centre, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Ewan Eadie
- The Scottish Photodynamic Therapy Centre, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - C Tom A Brown
- SUPA, School of Astronomy and Physics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Kenneth Wood
- SUPA, School of Astronomy and Physics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
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13
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Zhang D, Li C, Huang Z. Relaxation time constant based optical coherence elastography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960233. [PMID: 32166913 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at visualizing relative relaxation time constant (RTC) in soft tissue by using optical coherence elastography (OCE). We proposed a forced vibration model as a theoretical base to express RTC using axial gradient of periodic vibration phase captured by phase sensitive optical coherence tomography (PhS-OCT). Validation of the model had been accomplished by experiments with isotropic and double-layered phantoms. A fresh chicken breast sample treated with focused ultrasound was prepared to test performance of the RTC-OCE in real tissue. All results were cross-validated with indentation test and traditional strain-based elastography. This study first utilized RTC mapping in 2D and 3D that covers the information of both elasticity and viscosity. The generated RTC mapping revealed the same mechanical difference internal sample which is correlated with conventional strain mapping. RTC mapping is potentially to be served as new biomarker for disease diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Chunhui Li
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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14
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Liu HC, Kijanka P, Urban MW. Four-dimensional (4D) phase velocity optical coherence elastography in heterogeneous materials and biological tissue. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:3795-3817. [PMID: 33014567 PMCID: PMC7510894 DOI: 10.1364/boe.394835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The variations of mechanical properties in soft tissues are biomarkers used for clinical diagnosis and disease monitoring. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) has been extensively developed to investigate mechanical properties of various biological tissues. These methods are generally based on time-domain data and measure the time-of-flight of the localized shear wave propagations to estimate the group velocity. However, there is considerable information that can be obtained from examining the mechanical properties such as wave propagation velocities at different frequencies. Here we propose a method to evaluate phase velocity, wave velocity at various frequencies, in four-dimensional space (x, y, z, f), called 4D-OCE phase velocity. The method enables local estimates of the phase velocity of propagating mechanical waves in a medium. We acquired and analyzed data with this method from a homogeneous reference phantom, a heterogeneous phantom material with four different excitation cases, and ex vivo porcine kidney tissue. The 3D-OCE group velocity was also estimated to compare with 4D-OCE phase velocity. Moreover, we performed numerical simulation of wave propagations to illustrate the boundary behavior of the propagating waves. The proposed 4D-OCE phase velocity is capable of providing further information in OCE to better understand the spatial variation of mechanical properties of various biological tissues with respect to frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200
First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Piotr Kijanka
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200
First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics,
AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow
30-059, Poland
| | - Matthew W. Urban
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200
First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical
Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905,
USA
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15
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Swaan A, Muller BG, Wilk LS, Almasian M, Zwartkruis ECH, Rozendaal LR, de Bruin DM, Faber DJ, van Leeuwen TG, van Herk MB. En-face optical coherence tomography for the detection of cancer in prostatectomy specimens: Quantitative analysis in 20 patients. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960105. [PMID: 32049426 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increase histopathological evaluation of prostatectomy specimens rises the workload on pathologists. Automated histopathology systems, preferably directly on unstained specimens, would accelerate the pathology workflow. In this study, we investigate the potential of quantitative analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to separate benign from malignant prostate tissue automatically. Twenty fixated prostates were cut, from which 54 slices were scanned by OCT. Quantitative OCT metrics (attenuation coefficient, residue, goodness-of-fit) were compared for different tissue types, annotated on the histology slides. To avoid misclassification, the poor-quality slides, and edges of annotations were excluded. Accurate registration of OCT data with histology was achieved in 31 slices. After removing outliers, 56% of the OCT data was compared with histopathology. The quantitative data could not separate malignant from benign tissue. Logistic regression resulted in malignant detection with a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.34. Quantitative OCT analysis should be improved before clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Swaan
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berrend G Muller
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leah S Wilk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mitra Almasian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evita C H Zwartkruis
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Rence Rozendaal
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel M de Bruin
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Faber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel B van Herk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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16
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Liu HC, Kijanka P, Urban MW. Acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography for evaluating mechanical properties of soft condensed matters and its biological applications. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960134. [PMID: 31872545 PMCID: PMC7243171 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating mechanical properties of biological soft tissues and viscous mucus is challenging because of complicated dynamic behaviors. Soft condensed matter models have been successfully used to explain a number of dynamical behaviors. Here, we reported that optical coherence elastography (OCE) is capable of quantifying mechanical properties of soft condensed matters, micellar fluids. A 7.5 MHz focused transducer was utilized to generate acoustic radiation force exerted on the surface of soft condensed matters in order to produce Rayleigh waves. The waves were recorded by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The Kelvin-Voigt model was adopted to evaluate shear modulus and loss modulus of soft condensed matters. The results reported that various concentrations of micellar fluids can provide reasonable ranges of elasticity from 65.71 to 428.78 Pa and viscosity from 0.035 to 0.283 Pa·s, which are close to ranges for actual biological samples, like mucus. OCE might be a promising tool to differentiate pathologic mucus samples from healthy cases as advanced applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Kijanka
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
| | - Matthew W Urban
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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17
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Liu HC, Kijanka P, Urban MW. Optical coherence tomography for evaluating capillary waves in blood and plasma. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:1092-1106. [PMID: 32206401 PMCID: PMC7041467 DOI: 10.1364/boe.382819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Capillary waves are associated with fluid mechanical properties. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has previously been used to determine the viscoelasticity of soft tissues or cornea. Here we report that OCT was able to evaluate phase velocities of capillary waves in fluids. The capillary waves of water, porcine whole blood and plasma on the interfacial surface, air-fluid in this case, are discussed in theory, and phase velocities of capillary waves were estimated by both our OCT experiments and theoretical calculations. Our experiments revealed highly comparable results with theoretical calculations. We concluded that OCT would be a promising tool to evaluate phase velocities of capillary waves in fluids. The methods described in this study could be applied to determine surface tensions and viscosities of fluids for differentiating hematological diseases in the future potential biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Piotr Kijanka
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Matthew W. Urban
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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18
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Leartprapun N, Iyer RR, Mackey CD, Adie SG. Spatial localization of mechanical excitation affects spatial resolution, contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio in acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5877-5904. [PMID: 31799053 PMCID: PMC6865116 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The notion that a spatially confined mechanical excitation would produce an elastogram with high spatial resolution has motivated the development of various elastography techniques with localized mechanical excitation. However, a quantitative investigation of the effects of spatial localization of mechanical excitation on the spatial resolution of elastograms is still lacking in optical coherence elastography (OCE). Here, we experimentally investigated the effect of spatial localization of acoustic radiation force (ARF) excitation on spatial resolution, contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of dynamic uniaxial strain elastograms in dynamic ARF-OCE, based on a framework for analyzing the factors that influence the quality of the elastogram at different stages of the elastography workflow. Our results show that localized ARF excitation with a smaller acoustic focal spot size produced a strain elastogram with superior spatial resolution, contrast, and CNR. Our results also suggest that the spatial extent spanned by the displacement response in the sample may connect between the spatial localization of the mechanical excitation and the resulting elastogram quality. The elastography framework and experimental approach presented here may provide a basis for the quantitative analysis of elastogram quality in OCE that can be adapted and applied to different OCE systems and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichaluk Leartprapun
- Cornell University, Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Rishyashring R. Iyer
- Cornell University, Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Present address: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Colin D. Mackey
- Cornell University, Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Steven G. Adie
- Cornell University, Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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19
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Kirby MA, Zhou K, Pitre JJ, Gao L, Li D, Pelivanov I, Song S, Li C, Huang Z, Shen T, Wang R, O’Donnell M. Spatial resolution in dynamic optical coherence elastography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-16. [PMID: 31535538 PMCID: PMC6749618 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.9.096006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic optical coherence elastography (OCE) tracks elastic wave propagation speed within tissue, enabling quantitative three-dimensional imaging of the elastic modulus. We show that propagating mechanical waves are mode converted at interfaces, creating a finite region on the order of an acoustic wavelength where there is not a simple one-to-one correspondence between wave speed and elastic modulus. Depending on the details of a boundary’s geometry and elasticity contrast, highly complex propagating fields produced near the boundary can substantially affect both the spatial resolution and contrast of the elasticity image. We demonstrate boundary effects on Rayleigh waves incident on a vertical boundary between media of different shear moduli. Lateral resolution is defined by the width of the transition zone between two media and is the limit at which a physical inclusion can be detected with full contrast. We experimentally demonstrate results using a spectral-domain OCT system on tissue-mimicking phantoms, which are replicated using numerical simulations. It is shown that the spatial resolution in dynamic OCE is determined by the temporal and spatial characteristics (i.e., bandwidth and spatial pulse width) of the propagating mechanical wave. Thus, mechanical resolution in dynamic OCE inherently differs from the optical resolution of the OCT imaging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A. Kirby
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Kanheng Zhou
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
- University of Dundee, School of Science and Engineering, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - John J. Pitre
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Liang Gao
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - David Li
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
- University of Washington, Department of Chemical Engineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Ivan Pelivanov
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Address all correspondence to Ivan Pelivanov, E-mail:
| | - Shaozhen Song
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Chunhui Li
- University of Dundee, School of Science and Engineering, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Zhihong Huang
- University of Dundee, School of Science and Engineering, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Tueng Shen
- University of Washington, Department of Ophthalmology, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Ruikang Wang
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
- University of Washington, Department of Ophthalmology, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Matthew O’Donnell
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington, United States
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20
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Sanderson RW, Curatolo A, Wijesinghe P, Chin L, Kennedy BF. Finger-mounted quantitative micro-elastography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:1760-1773. [PMID: 31086702 PMCID: PMC6484987 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.001760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a finger-mounted quantitative micro-elastography (QME) probe, capable of measuring the elasticity of biological tissue in a format that avails of the dexterity of the human finger. Finger-mounted QME represents the first demonstration of a wearable elastography probe. The approach realizes optical coherence tomography-based elastography by focusing the optical beam into the sample via a single-mode fiber that is fused to a length of graded-index fiber. The fiber is rigidly affixed to a 3D-printed thimble that is mounted on the finger. Analogous to manual palpation, the probe compresses the tissue through the force exerted by the finger. The resulting deformation is measured using optical coherence tomography. Elasticity is estimated as the ratio of local stress at the sample surface, measured using a compliant layer, to the local strain in the sample. We describe the probe fabrication method and the signal processing developed to achieve accurate elasticity measurements in the presence of motion artifact. We demonstrate the probe's performance in motion-mode scans performed on homogeneous, bi-layer and inclusion phantoms and its ability to measure a thermally-induced increase in elasticity in ex vivo muscle tissue. In addition, we demonstrate the ability to acquire 2D images with the finger-mounted probe where lateral scanning is achieved by swiping the probe across the sample surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan W. Sanderson
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Andrea Curatolo
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Current address: Visual Optics and Biophotonics Group, Instituto de Óptica “Daza de Valdés”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IO, CSIC), C/Serrano, 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Current address: SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Lixin Chin
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Brendan F. Kennedy
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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21
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Hepburn MS, Wijesinghe P, Chin L, Kennedy BF. Analysis of spatial resolution in phase-sensitive compression optical coherence elastography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:1496-1513. [PMID: 30891363 PMCID: PMC6420276 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE) is emerging as a method to image the mechanical properties of tissue on the microscale. However, the spatial resolution, a main advantage of OCE, has not been investigated and is not trivial to evaluate. To address this, we present a framework to analyze resolution in phase-sensitive compression OCE that incorporates the three main determinants of resolution: mechanical deformation of the sample, detection of this deformation using optical coherence tomography (OCT), and signal processing to estimate local axial strain. We demonstrate for the first time, through close correspondence between experiment and simulation of structured phantoms, that resolution in compression OCE is both spatially varying and sample dependent, which we link to the discrepancies between the model of elasticity and the mechanical deformation of the sample. We demonstrate that resolution is dependent on factors such as feature size and mechanical contrast. We believe that the analysis of image formation provided by our framework can expedite the development of compression OCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt S. Hepburn
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Current address: SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Lixin Chin
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Brendan F. Kennedy
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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22
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Krajancich B, Curatolo A, Fang Q, Zilkens R, Dessauvagie BF, Saunders CM, Kennedy BF. Handheld optical palpation of turbid tissue with motion-artifact correction. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:226-241. [PMID: 30775096 PMCID: PMC6363209 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Handheld imaging probes are needed to extend the clinical translation of optical elastography to in vivo applications, yet such probes have received little attention. In this paper, we present the first demonstration of optical palpation using a handheld probe. Optical palpation is a variant of optical elastography that uses three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT) to provide maps of stress at the tissue surface under static compression. Using this technique, stiff features present beneath the surface of turbid tissues are identified, providing mechanical contrast complementary to the optical contrast provided by OCT. However, during handheld operation, relative motion between the probe and the tissue can induce motion artifact, causing spatial distortion of 3D-OCT and in turn, optical palpation images. We overcome this issue using a novel, dual-function bi-layer that provides both a fiducial marker for co-registration and a compliant section for estimation of the stress at the tissue surface. Co-registration of digital photographs of the bi-layer laid out over the tissue surface is used to measure and correct for motion in the lateral (xy) plane. We also demonstrate, for the first time, that optical palpation can be used as a method for monitoring pressure applied to the tissue during handheld operation, thus providing a more repeatable and robust imaging technique between different users. Handheld optical palpation is demonstrated on a structured phantom, in vivo human skin and excised human breast tissue. In each case, image quality comparable to bench-top 3D-OCT and optical palpation is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Krajancich
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Andrea Curatolo
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Current address: Visual Optics and Biophotonics Laboratory, Instituto de Óptica “Daza de Valdés”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IO, CSIC), C/Serrano, 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Qi Fang
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Renate Zilkens
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Division of Surgery, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Benjamin F. Dessauvagie
- PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital, 11 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Christobel M. Saunders
- Division of Surgery, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Breast Centre, Fiona Stanley Hospital, 11 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
- Breast Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington Street, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia
| | - Brendan F. Kennedy
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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23
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Leitgeb RA, Baumann B. Multimodal Optical Medical Imaging Concepts Based on Optical Coherence Tomography. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2018; 6. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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24
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Singh M, Han Z, Li J, Vantipalli S, Aglyamov SR, Twa MD, Larin KV. Quantifying the effects of hydration on corneal stiffness with noncontact optical coherence elastography. J Cataract Refract Surg 2018; 44:1023-1031. [PMID: 30049567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the effects of the hydration state on the Young's modulus of the cornea. SETTING Biomedical Optics Laboratory, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA. DESIGN Experimental study. METHODS Noncontact, dynamic optical coherence elastography (OCE) measurements were taken of in situ rabbit corneas in the whole eye-globe configuration (n = 10) and at an artificially controlled intraocular pressure of 15 mm Hg. Baseline OCE measurements were taken by topically hydrating the corneas with saline for 1 hour. The corneas were then dehydrated topically with a 20% dextran solution for another hour, and the OCE measurements were repeated. A finite element method was used to quantify the Young's modulus of the corneas based on the OCE measurements. RESULTS The thickness of the corneas shrank considerably after topical addition of the 20% dextran solution (∼680 μm to ∼370 μm), and the OCE-measured elastic-wave speed correspondingly decreased (∼3.2 m/s to ∼2.6 m/s). The finite element method results showed an increase in Young's modulus (500 kPa to 800 kPa) resulting from dehydration and subsequent thinning. CONCLUSION Young's modulus increased significantly as the corneas dehydrated and thinned, showing that corneal geometry and hydration state are critical factors for accurately quantifying corneal biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmohan Singh
- From Biomedical Engineering (Singh, Li, Larin) and the College of Optometry (Vantipalli), Mechanical Engineering (Aglyamov), University of Houston, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Larin), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and the School of Optometry (Twa) and Biomedical Engineering (Twa), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; The School of Naval Architecture (Han), Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics (Larin), Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Zhaolong Han
- From Biomedical Engineering (Singh, Li, Larin) and the College of Optometry (Vantipalli), Mechanical Engineering (Aglyamov), University of Houston, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Larin), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and the School of Optometry (Twa) and Biomedical Engineering (Twa), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; The School of Naval Architecture (Han), Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics (Larin), Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Jiasong Li
- From Biomedical Engineering (Singh, Li, Larin) and the College of Optometry (Vantipalli), Mechanical Engineering (Aglyamov), University of Houston, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Larin), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and the School of Optometry (Twa) and Biomedical Engineering (Twa), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; The School of Naval Architecture (Han), Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics (Larin), Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Srilatha Vantipalli
- From Biomedical Engineering (Singh, Li, Larin) and the College of Optometry (Vantipalli), Mechanical Engineering (Aglyamov), University of Houston, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Larin), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and the School of Optometry (Twa) and Biomedical Engineering (Twa), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; The School of Naval Architecture (Han), Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics (Larin), Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Salavat R Aglyamov
- From Biomedical Engineering (Singh, Li, Larin) and the College of Optometry (Vantipalli), Mechanical Engineering (Aglyamov), University of Houston, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Larin), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and the School of Optometry (Twa) and Biomedical Engineering (Twa), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; The School of Naval Architecture (Han), Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics (Larin), Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Michael D Twa
- From Biomedical Engineering (Singh, Li, Larin) and the College of Optometry (Vantipalli), Mechanical Engineering (Aglyamov), University of Houston, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Larin), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and the School of Optometry (Twa) and Biomedical Engineering (Twa), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; The School of Naval Architecture (Han), Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics (Larin), Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Larin
- From Biomedical Engineering (Singh, Li, Larin) and the College of Optometry (Vantipalli), Mechanical Engineering (Aglyamov), University of Houston, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Larin), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and the School of Optometry (Twa) and Biomedical Engineering (Twa), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; The School of Naval Architecture (Han), Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics (Larin), Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
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25
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Ling Y, Li C, Zhou K, Guan G, Appleton PL, Lang S, McGloin D, Huang Z, Nabi G. Microscale characterization of prostate biopsies tissues using optical coherence elastography and second harmonic generation imaging. J Transl Med 2018; 98:380-390. [PMID: 29251735 PMCID: PMC5842892 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photonics, especially optical coherence elastography (OCE) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging are novel high-resolution imaging modalities for characterization of biological tissues. Following our preliminary experience, we hypothesized that OCE and SHG imaging would delineate the microstructure of prostate tissue and aid in distinguishing cancer from the normal benign prostatic tissue. Furthermore, these approaches may assist in characterization of the grade of cancer, as well. In this study, we confirmed a high diagnostic accuracy of OCE and SHG imaging in the detection and characterization of prostate cancer for a large set of biopsy tissues obtained from men suspected to have prostate cancer using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). The two techniques and methods described here are complementary, one depicts the stiffness of tissues and the other illustrates the orientation of collagen structure around the cancerous lesions. The results showed that stiffness of cancer tissue was ~57.63% higher than that of benign tissue (Young's modulus of 698.43±125.29 kPa for cancerous tissue vs 443.07±88.95 kPa for benign tissue with OCE. Using histology as a reference standard and 600 kPa as a cut-off threshold, the data analysis showed sensitivity and specificity of 89.6 and 99.8%, respectively. Corresponding positive and negative predictive values were 99.5 and 94.6%, respectively. There was a significant difference noticed in terms of Young's modulus for different Gleason scores estimated by OCE (P-value<0.05). For SHG, distinct patterns of collagen distribution were seen for different Gleason grade disease with computed quantification employing a ratio of anisotropic to isotropic (A:I ratio) and this correlated with disease aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ling
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK,School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Chunhui Li
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK,School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Kanheng Zhou
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK,School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Guangying Guan
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK,School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Paul L. Appleton
- Dundee Imaging Facility, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Stephen Lang
- Department of Pathology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - David McGloin
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK,School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
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26
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Palacio‐Torralba J, Good DW, Stewart GD, McNeill SA, Reuben RL, Chen Y. A novel method for rapid and quantitative mechanical assessment of soft tissue for diagnostic purposes: A computational study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 34:e2917. [PMID: 28753220 PMCID: PMC5836875 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological tissues often experience drastic changes in their microstructure due to their pathophysiological conditions. Such microstructural changes could result in variations in mechanical properties, which can be used in diagnosing or monitoring a wide range of diseases, most notably cancer. This paves the avenue for non-invasive diagnosis by instrumented palpation although challenges remain in quantitatively assessing the amount of diseased tissue by means of mechanical characterization. This paper presents a framework for tissue diagnosis using a quantitative and efficient estimation of the fractions of cancerous and non-cancerous tissue without a priori knowledge of tissue microstructure. First, the sample is tested in a creep or stress relaxation experiment, and the behavior is characterized using a single term Prony series. A rule of mixtures, which relates tumor fraction to the apparent mechanical properties, is then obtained by minimizing the difference between strain energy of a heterogeneous system and an equivalent homogeneous one. Finally, the percentage of each tissue constituent is predicted by comparing the observed relaxation time with that calculated from the rule of mixtures. The proposed methodology is assessed using models reconstructed from histological samples and magnetic resonance imaging of prostate. Results show that estimation of cancerous tissue fraction can be obtained with a maximum error of 12% when samples of different sizes, geometries, and tumor fractions are presented. The proposed framework has the potential to be applied to a wide range of diseases such as rectal polyps, cirrhosis, or breast and prostate cancer whose current primary diagnosis remains qualitative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Palacio‐Torralba
- Institute of Mechanical, Process, and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghEH14 4ASUK
| | - Daniel W. Good
- Edinburgh Urological Cancer Group, Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghWestern General Hospital, Crewe Road SouthEdinburghEH4 2XUUK
| | - Grant D. Stewart
- Edinburgh Urological Cancer Group, Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghWestern General Hospital, Crewe Road SouthEdinburghEH4 2XUUK
- Department of Urology, NHS LothianWestern General HospitalCrewe Road SouthEdinburghEH4 2XUUK
| | - S. Alan McNeill
- Edinburgh Urological Cancer Group, Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghWestern General Hospital, Crewe Road SouthEdinburghEH4 2XUUK
- Department of Urology, NHS LothianWestern General HospitalCrewe Road SouthEdinburghEH4 2XUUK
| | - Robert L. Reuben
- Institute of Mechanical, Process, and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghEH14 4ASUK
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Institute of Mechanical, Process, and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghEH14 4ASUK
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27
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Wijesinghe P, Johansen NJ, Curatolo A, Sampson DD, Ganss R, Kennedy BF. Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Elastography Images Cellular-Scale Stiffness of Mouse Aorta. Biophys J 2018; 113:2540-2551. [PMID: 29212007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular-scale imaging of the mechanical properties of tissue has helped to reveal the origins of disease; however, cellular-scale resolution is not readily achievable in intact tissue volumes. Here, we demonstrate volumetric imaging of Young's modulus using ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence elastography, and apply it to characterizing the stiffness of mouse aortas. We achieve isotropic resolution of better than 15 μm over a 1-mm lateral field of view through the entire depth of an intact aortic wall. We employ a method of quasi-static compression elastography that measures volumetric axial strain and uses a compliant, transparent layer to measure surface axial stress. This combination is used to estimate Young's modulus throughout the volume. We demonstrate differentiation by stiffness of individual elastic lamellae and vascular smooth muscle. We observe stiffening of the aorta in regulator of G protein signaling 5-deficient mice, a model that is linked to vascular remodeling and fibrosis. We observe increased stiffness with proximity to the heart, as well as regions with micro-structural and micro-mechanical signatures characteristic of fibrous and lipid-rich tissue. High-resolution imaging of Young's modulus with optical coherence elastography may become an important tool in vascular biology and in other fields concerned with understanding the role of mechanics within the complex three-dimensional architecture of tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Wijesinghe
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Niloufer J Johansen
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Research Department, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea Curatolo
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ruth Ganss
- Vascular Biology and Stromal Targeting, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brendan F Kennedy
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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28
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Ling Y, Li C, Feng K, Palmer S, Appleton PL, Lang S, McGloin D, Huang Z, Nabi G. Second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of cancer heterogeneity in ultrasound guided biopsies of prostate in men suspected with prostate cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:911-918. [PMID: 27545683 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a multifocal disease with characteristic heterogeneity and foci that can range from low grade indolent to aggressive disease. The latter is characterised by the well-established histopathological Gleason grading system used in the current clinical care. Nevertheless, a large discrepancy exists on initial biopsy and after the final radical prostatectomy. Moreover, there is no reliable imaging modality to study these foci, in particular at the level of the cells and surrounding matrix. Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling is significant in cancer progression with collagen as the dominant structural component providing mechanical strength and flexibility of tissue. In this study, the collagen assembly in prostate tissue was investigated with second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy: malignant foci demonstrated a reticular pattern, with a typical collagen pattern for each Gleason score. The orientation of collagen for each biopsy was computed by applying a ratio of the anisotropic and isotropic collagen fibres. This value was found to be distinct for each Gleason score. The findings suggest that this approach can not only be used to detect prostate cancer, but also can act as a potential biomarker for cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ling
- Academic Section of Urology, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Chunhui Li
- Academic Section of Urology, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Kairui Feng
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Scott Palmer
- Academic Section of Urology, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Paul L Appleton
- Dundee Imaging Facility, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Stephen Lang
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - David McGloin
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Academic Section of Urology, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
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29
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Es’haghian S, Kennedy KM, Gong P, Li Q, Chin L, Wijesinghe P, Sampson DD, McLaughlin RA, Kennedy BF. In vivo volumetric quantitative micro-elastography of human skin. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:2458-2471. [PMID: 28663884 PMCID: PMC5480491 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate in vivo volumetric quantitative micro-elastography of human skin. Elasticity is estimated at each point in the captured volume by combining local axial strain measured in the skin with local axial stress estimated at the skin surface. This is achieved by utilizing phase-sensitive detection to measure axial displacements resulting from compressive loading of the skin and an overlying, compliant, transparent layer with known stress/strain behavior. We use an imaging probe head that provides optical coherence tomography imaging and compression from the same direction. We demonstrate our technique on a tissue phantom containing a rigid inclusion, and present in vivo elastograms acquired from locations on the hand, wrist, forearm and leg of human volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Es’haghian
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kelsey M. Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Peijun Gong
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Qingyun Li
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lixin Chin
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Brendan F. Kennedy
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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30
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Elyas E, Grimwood A, Erler JT, Robinson SP, Cox TR, Woods D, Clowes P, De Luca R, Marinozzi F, Fromageau J, Bamber JC. Multi-Channel Optical Coherence Elastography Using Relative and Absolute Shear-Wave Time of Flight. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169664. [PMID: 28107368 PMCID: PMC5249105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastography, the imaging of elastic properties of soft tissues, is well developed for macroscopic clinical imaging of soft tissues and can provide useful information about various pathological processes which is complementary to that provided by the original modality. Scaling down of this technique should ply the field of cellular biology with valuable information with regard to elastic properties of cells and their environment. This paper evaluates the potential to develop such a tool by modifying a commercial optical coherence tomography (OCT) device to measure the speed of shear waves propagating in a three-dimensional (3D) medium. A needle, embedded in the gel, was excited to vibrate along its long axis and the displacement as a function of time and distance from the needle associated with the resulting shear waves was detected using four M-mode images acquired simultaneously using a commercial four-channel swept-source OCT system. Shear-wave time of arrival (TOA) was detected by tracking the axial OCT-speckle motion using cross-correlation methods. Shear-wave speed was then calculated from inter-channel differences of TOA for a single burst (the relative TOA method) and compared with the shear-wave speed determined from positional differences of TOA for a single channel over multiple bursts (the absolute TOA method). For homogeneous gels the relative method provided shear-wave speed with acceptable precision and accuracy when judged against the expected linear dependence of shear modulus on gelatine concentration (R2 = 0.95) and ultimate resolution capabilities limited by 184μm inter-channel distance. This overall approach shows promise for its eventual provision as a research tool in cancer cell biology. Further work is required to optimize parameters such as vibration frequency, burst length and amplitude, and to assess the lateral and axial resolutions of this type of device as well as to create 3D elastograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Elyas
- CRUK Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Joint Department of Physics, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Grimwood
- Department of Medical Physics, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Janine T. Erler
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon P. Robinson
- CRUK Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R. Cox
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Woods
- Michelson Diagnostics, 1 Grays Farm Production Village, Orpington, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Clowes
- Joint Department of Physics, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Ramona De Luca
- CRUK Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Joint Department of Physics, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Marinozzi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jérémie Fromageau
- CRUK Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Joint Department of Physics, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey C. Bamber
- CRUK Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Joint Department of Physics, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
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31
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Teodori L, Crupi A, Costa A, Diaspro A, Melzer S, Tarnok A. Three-dimensional imaging technologies: a priority for the advancement of tissue engineering and a challenge for the imaging community. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:24-45. [PMID: 27110674 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering/regenerative medicine (TERM) is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principle of engineering and life sciences to restore/replace damaged tissues/organs with in vitro artificially-created ones. Research on TERM quickly moves forward. Today newest technologies and discoveries, such as 3D-/bio-printing, allow in vitro fabrication of ex-novo made tissues/organs, opening the door to wide and probably never-ending application possibilities, from organ transplant to drug discovery, high content screening and replacement of laboratory animals. Imaging techniques are fundamental tools for the characterization of tissue engineering (TE) products at any stage, from biomaterial/scaffold to construct/organ analysis. Indeed, tissue engineers need versatile imaging methods capable of monitoring not only morphological but also functional and molecular features, allowing three-dimensional (3D) and time-lapse in vivo analysis, in a non-destructive, quantitative, multidimensional analysis of TE constructs, to analyze their pre-implantation quality assessment and their fate after implantation. This review focuses on the newest developments in imaging technologies and applications in the context of requirements of the different steps of the TERM field, describing strengths and weaknesses of the current imaging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Teodori
- Diagnostics and Metrology Laboratory FSN-TECFIS-DIM ENEA CR Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 44, 00044, Rome, Italy
| | - Annunziata Crupi
- Diagnostics and Metrology Laboratory FSN-TECFIS-DIM ENEA CR Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 44, 00044, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione San Raffaele, S.S. Ceglie San Michele km 1200, 72013, Ceglie Messapica, Italy
| | - Alessandra Costa
- University of Pittsburgh McGowan Institute, 3550 Terrace St 5606, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
- Nikon Imaging Center, Genova, Italy, www.nic.iit.it
| | - Susanne Melzer
- Sächsische Inkubator für klinische Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, HELIOS Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstraße 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Attila Tarnok
- Sächsische Inkubator für klinische Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, HELIOS Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstraße 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
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32
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Zaitsev VY, Matveyev AL, Matveev LA, Gelikonov GV, Sovetsky AA, Vitkin A. Optimized phase gradient measurements and phase-amplitude interplay in optical coherence elastography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:116005. [PMID: 27824215 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.11.116005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In compressional optical coherence elastography, phase-variation gradients are used for estimating quasistatic strains created in tissue. Using reference and deformed optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans, one typically compares phases from pixels with the same coordinates in both scans. Usually, this limits the allowable strains to fairly small values <10?4 to 10?3, with the caveat that such weak phase gradients may become corrupted by stronger measurement noises. Here, we extend the OCT phase-resolved elastographic methodology by (1) showing that an order of magnitude greater strains can significantly increase the accuracy of derived phase-gradient differences, while also avoiding error-phone phase-unwrapping procedures and minimizing the influence of decorrelation noise caused by suprapixel displacements, (2) discussing the appearance of artifactual stiff inclusions in resultant OCT elastograms in the vicinity of bright scatterers due to the amplitude-phase interplay in phase-variation measurements, and (3) deriving/evaluating methods of phase-gradient estimation that can outperform conventionally used least-square gradient fitting. We present analytical arguments, numerical simulations, and experimental examples to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed optimized phase-variation methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Y Zaitsev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Uljanova Street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, RussiabMedical Academy of Nizhny Novgorod, 1 Minina Square, 10/1 Minina Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Alexander L Matveyev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Uljanova Street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, RussiabMedical Academy of Nizhny Novgorod, 1 Minina Square, 10/1 Minina Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Lev A Matveev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Uljanova Street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, RussiabMedical Academy of Nizhny Novgorod, 1 Minina Square, 10/1 Minina Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Grigory V Gelikonov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Uljanova Street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, RussiabMedical Academy of Nizhny Novgorod, 1 Minina Square, 10/1 Minina Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Sovetsky
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Uljanova Street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Alex Vitkin
- Medical Academy of Nizhny Novgorod, 1 Minina Square, 10/1 Minina Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, RussiacUniversity Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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33
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Han Z, Singh M, Aglyamov SR, Liu CH, Nair A, Raghunathan R, Wu C, Li J, Larin KV. Quantifying tissue viscoelasticity using optical coherence elastography and the Rayleigh wave model. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:90504. [PMID: 27653931 PMCID: PMC5028422 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.9.090504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the feasibility of using the Rayleigh wave model (RWM) in combination with optical coherence elastography (OCE) technique to assess the viscoelasticity of soft tissues. Dispersion curves calculated from the spectral decomposition of OCE-measured air-pulse induced elastic waves were used to quantify the viscoelasticity of samples using the RWM. Validation studies were first conducted on 10% gelatin phantoms with different concentrations of oil. The results showed that the oil increased the viscosity of the gelatin phantom samples. This method was then used to quantify the viscoelasticity of chicken liver. The Young’s modulus of the chicken liver tissues was estimated as E=2.04±0.88??kPa with a shear viscosity ?=1.20±0.13??Pa?s. The analytical solution of the RWM correlated very well with the OCE-measured phased velocities (R2=0.96±0.04). The results show that the combination of the RWM and OCE is a promising method for noninvasively quantifying the biomechanical properties of soft tissues and may be a useful tool for detecting disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Han
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Manmohan Singh
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Salavat R. Aglyamov
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 West Dean Keeton Street, Stop C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chih-Hao Liu
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Achuth Nair
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Raksha Raghunathan
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Chen Wu
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Jiasong Li
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Tomsk State University, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Baylor College of Medicine, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Address correspondence to: Kirill V. Larin, E-mail:
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34
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Guan G, Hirsch M, Syam WP, Leach RK, Huang Z, Clare AT. Loose powder detection and surface characterization in selective laser sintering via optical coherence tomography. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 472:20160201. [PMID: 27493569 PMCID: PMC4971245 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects produced during selective laser sintering (SLS) are difficult to non-destructively detect after build completion without the use of X-ray-based methods. Overcoming this issue by assessing integrity on a layer-by-layer basis has become an area of significant interest for users of SLS apparatus. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used in this study to detect surface texture and sub-surface powder, which is un-melted/insufficiently sintered, is known to be a common cause of poor part integrity and would prevent the use of SLS where applications dictate assurance of defect-free parts. To demonstrate the capability of the instrument and associated data-processing algorithms, samples were built with graduated porosities which were embedded in fully dense regions in order to simulate defective regions. Simulated in situ measurements were then correlated with the process parameters used to generate variable density regions. Using this method, it is possible to detect loose powder and differentiate between densities of ±5% at a sub-surface depth of approximately 300 μm. In order to demonstrate the value of OCT as a surface-profiling technique, surface texture datasets are compared with focus variation microscopy. Comparable results are achieved after a spatial bandwidth- matching procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Guan
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham, University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Matthias Hirsch
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham, University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Wahyudin P Syam
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham, University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Richard K Leach
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham, University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Adam T Clare
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham, University Park , Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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35
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Ling Y, Li C, Feng K, Duncan R, Eisma R, Huang Z, Nabi G. Effects of fixation and preservation on tissue elastic properties measured by quantitative optical coherence elastography (OCE). J Biomech 2016; 49:1009-1015. [PMID: 26903410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fixed and preserved tissues have been massively used in the development of biomedical equipment and instrumentation. Not only the tissue morphology, but also its mechanical properties need to be considered in the fixation and preservation procedures since mechanical properties have significant influence on the design and performance of such instruments. Understanding the effects of storage and preservation conditions on the mechanical properties of soft tissue has both clinical and experimental significance. To this end, we aimed to study the effects of tissue preservation (by 10% formalin and Thiel fluids) on the elastic properties of five different kinds of fresh tissues from pig and chicken; specifically fat, liver, muscle, tendon and cartilage. The tissue elasticity was measured intensively and strictly within a controlled timeline of 6 months by quantitative optical coherence elastography (OCE) system. Our findings suggest that the elasticity change of tissues in the formalin solution has an ascending trend, but that of Thiel remains almost constant, providing a more real texture and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ling
- Academic Section of Urology, Division of Imaging Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Chunhui Li
- Academic Section of Urology, Division of Imaging Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK.
| | - Kairui Feng
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Robyn Duncan
- Centers for Anatomy and Human Identification, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Roos Eisma
- Centers for Anatomy and Human Identification, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Academic Section of Urology, Division of Imaging Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
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36
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Kennedy KM, Chin L, McLaughlin RA, Latham B, Saunders CM, Sampson DD, Kennedy BF. Quantitative micro-elastography: imaging of tissue elasticity using compression optical coherence elastography. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15538. [PMID: 26503225 PMCID: PMC4622092 DOI: 10.1038/srep15538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Probing the mechanical properties of tissue on the microscale could aid in the identification of diseased tissues that are inadequately detected using palpation or current clinical imaging modalities, with potential to guide medical procedures such as the excision of breast tumours. Compression optical coherence elastography (OCE) maps tissue strain with microscale spatial resolution and can delineate microstructural features within breast tissues. However, without a measure of the locally applied stress, strain provides only a qualitative indication of mechanical properties. To overcome this limitation, we present quantitative micro-elastography, which combines compression OCE with a compliant stress sensor to image tissue elasticity. The sensor consists of a layer of translucent silicone with well-characterized stress-strain behaviour. The measured strain in the sensor is used to estimate the two-dimensional stress distribution applied to the sample surface. Elasticity is determined by dividing the stress by the strain in the sample. We show that quantification of elasticity can improve the ability of compression OCE to distinguish between tissues, thereby extending the potential for inter-sample comparison and longitudinal studies of tissue elasticity. We validate the technique using tissue-mimicking phantoms and demonstrate the ability to map elasticity of freshly excised malignant and benign human breast tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic &Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lixin Chin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic &Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic &Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bruce Latham
- PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Christobel M Saunders
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,Breast Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic &Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation &Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Brendan F Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic &Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
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37
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Kennedy BF, McLaughlin RA, Kennedy KM, Chin L, Wijesinghe P, Curatolo A, Tien A, Ronald M, Latham B, Saunders CM, Sampson DD. Investigation of Optical Coherence Microelastography as a Method to Visualize Cancers in Human Breast Tissue. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3236-45. [PMID: 26122840 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An accurate intraoperative identification of malignant tissue is a challenge in the surgical management of breast cancer. Imaging techniques that help address this challenge could contribute to more complete and accurate tumor excision, and thereby help reduce the current high reexcision rates without resorting to the removal of excess healthy tissue. Optical coherence microelastography (OCME) is a three-dimensional, high-resolution imaging technique that is sensitive to microscale variations of the mechanical properties of tissue. As the tumor modifies the mechanical properties of breast tissue, OCME has the potential to identify, on the microscale, involved regions of fresh, unstained tissue. OCME is based on the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure tissue deformation in response to applied mechanical compression. In this feasibility study on 58 ex vivo samples from patients undergoing mastectomy or wide local excision, we demonstrate the performance of OCME as a means to visualize tissue microarchitecture in benign and malignant human breast tissues. Through a comparison with corresponding histology and OCT images, OCME is shown to enable ready visualization of features such as ducts, lobules, microcysts, blood vessels, and arterioles and to identify invasive tumor through distinctive patterns in OCME images, often with enhanced contrast compared with OCT. These results lay the foundation for future intraoperative studies. Cancer Res; 75(16); 3236-45. ©2015 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan F Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kelsey M Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lixin Chin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea Curatolo
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alan Tien
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maxine Ronald
- Breast Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Christobel M Saunders
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. Breast Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. Centre for Microscopy, Characterization and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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38
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Li S, Cheng Y, Eckersley RJ, Elson DS, Tang MX. Dual shear wave induced laser speckle contrast signal and the improvement in shear wave speed measurement. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:1954-62. [PMID: 26114021 PMCID: PMC4473736 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Shear wave speed is quantitatively related to tissue viscoelasticity. Previously we reported shear wave tracking at centimetre depths in a turbid optical medium using laser speckle contrast detection. Shear wave progression modulates displacement of optical scatterers and therefore modulates photon phase and changes the laser speckle patterns. Time-resolved charge-coupled device (CCD)-based speckle contrast analysis was used to track shear waves and measure the time-of-flight of shear waves for speed measurement. In this manuscript, we report a new observation of the laser speckle contrast difference signal for dual shear waves. A modulation of CCD speckle contrast difference was observed and simulation reproduces the modulation pattern, suggesting its origin. Both experimental and simulation results show that the dual shear wave approach generates an improved definition of temporal features in the time-of-flight optical signal and an improved signal to noise ratio with a standard deviation less than 50% that of individual shear waves. Results also show that dual shear waves can correct the bias of shear wave speed measurement caused by shear wave reflections from elastic boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ,
UK
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ,
UK
| | - Robert J Eckersley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH,
UK
| | - Daniel S Elson
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ,
UK
| | - Meng-Xing Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ,
UK
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