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Xu D, Yin S, Shu Y. NF2: An underestimated player in cancer metabolic reprogramming and tumor immunity. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:133. [PMID: 38879686 PMCID: PMC11180135 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a tumor suppressor gene implicated in various tumors, including mesothelioma, schwannomas, and meningioma. As a member of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) family of proteins, merlin, which is encoded by NF2, regulates diverse cellular events and signalling pathways, such as the Hippo, mTOR, RAS, and cGAS-STING pathways. However, the biological role of NF2 in tumorigenesis has not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, cross-cancer mutations may exert distinct biological effects on tumorigenesis and treatment response. In addition to the functional inactivation of NF2, the codeficiency of other genes, such as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B), BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1), and large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2), results in unique tumor characteristics that should be considered in clinical treatment decisions. Notably, several recent studies have explored the metabolic and immunological features associated with NF2, offering potential insights into tumor biology and the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. In this review, we consolidate the current knowledge on NF2 and examine the potential connection between cancer metabolism and tumor immunity in merlin-deficient malignancies. This review may provide a deeper understanding of the biological roles of NF2 and guide possible therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyuan Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Xu Y, Bai Z, Lan T, Fu C, Cheng P. CD44 and its implication in neoplastic diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e554. [PMID: 38783892 PMCID: PMC11112461 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CD44, a nonkinase single span transmembrane glycoprotein, is a major cell surface receptor for many other extracellular matrix components as well as classic markers of cancer stem cells and immune cells. Through alternative splicing of CD44 gene, CD44 is divided into two isoforms, the standard isoform of CD44 (CD44s) and the variant isoform of CD44 (CD44v). Different isoforms of CD44 participate in regulating various signaling pathways, modulating cancer proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance, with its aberrant expression and dysregulation contributing to tumor initiation and progression. However, CD44s and CD44v play overlapping or contradictory roles in tumor initiation and progression, which is not fully understood. Herein, we discuss the present understanding of the functional and structural roles of CD44 in the pathogenic mechanism of multiple cancers. The regulation functions of CD44 in cancers-associated signaling pathways is summarized. Moreover, we provide an overview of the anticancer therapeutic strategies that targeting CD44 and preclinical and clinical trials evaluating the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and drug-related toxicity about CD44-targeted therapies. This review provides up-to-date information about the roles of CD44 in neoplastic diseases, which may open new perspectives in the field of cancer treatment through targeting CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xu
- Department of BiotherapyLaboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ziyi Bai
- Department of BiotherapyLaboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Department of BiotherapyLaboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Chenying Fu
- Laboratory of Aging and Geriatric Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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3
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Tripathi S, Gupta E, Galande S. Statins as anti-tumor agents: A paradigm for repurposed drugs. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2078. [PMID: 38711272 PMCID: PMC11074523 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins, frequently prescribed medications, work by inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) in the mevalonate pathway to reduce cholesterol levels. Due to their multifaceted benefits, statins are being adapted for use as cost-efficient, safe and effective anti-cancer treatments. Several studies have shown that specific types of cancer are responsive to statin medications since they rely on the mevalonate pathway for their growth and survival. RECENT FINDINGS Statin are a class of drugs known for their potent inhibition of cholesterol production and are typically prescribed to treat high cholesterol levels. Nevertheless, there is growing interest in repurposing statins for the treatment of malignant neoplastic diseases, often in conjunction with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The mechanism behind statin treatment includes targeting apoptosis through the BCL2 signaling pathway, regulating the cell cycle via the p53-YAP axis, and imparting epigenetic modulations by altering methylation patterns on CpG islands and histone acetylation by downregulating DNMTs and HDACs respectively. Notably, some studies have suggested a potential chemo-preventive effect, as decreased occurrence of tumor relapse and enhanced survival rate were reported in patients undergoing long-term statin therapy. However, the definitive endorsement of statin usage in cancer therapy hinges on population based clinical studies with larger patient cohorts and extended follow-up periods. CONCLUSIONS The potential of anti-cancer properties of statins seems to reach beyond their influence on cholesterol production. Further investigations are necessary to uncover their effects on cancer promoting signaling pathways. Given their distinct attributes, statins might emerge as promising contenders in the fight against tumorigenesis, as they appear to enhance the efficacy and address the limitations of conventional cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Tripathi
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology & EpigeneticsIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchPuneIndia
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology & EpigeneticsIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchPuneIndia
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology & EpigeneticsIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchPuneIndia
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Life SciencesShiv Nadar Institution of EminenceGautam Buddha NagarIndia
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Transcriptional regulation of cancer stem cell: regulatory factors elucidation and cancer treatment strategies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:99. [PMID: 38561775 PMCID: PMC10986082 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first discovered in the 1990s, revealing the mysteries of cancer origin, migration, recurrence and drug-resistance from a new perspective. The expression of pluripotent genes and complex signal regulatory networks are significant features of CSC, also act as core factors to affect the characteristics of CSC. Transcription is a necessary link to regulate the phenotype and potential of CSC, involving chromatin environment, nucleosome occupancy, histone modification, transcription factor (TF) availability and cis-regulatory elements, which suffer from ambient pressure. Especially, the expression and activity of pluripotent TFs are deeply affected by both internal and external factors, which is the foundation of CSC transcriptional regulation in the current research framework. Growing evidence indicates that regulating epigenetic modifications to alter cancer stemness is effective, and some special promoters and enhancers can serve as targets to influence the properties of CSC. Clarifying the factors that regulate CSC transcription will assist us directly target key stem genes and TFs, or hinder CSC transcription through environmental and other related factors, in order to achieve the goal of inhibiting CSC and tumors. This paper comprehensively reviews the traditional aspects of transcriptional regulation, and explores the progress and insights of the impact on CSC transcription and status through tumor microenvironment (TME), hypoxia, metabolism and new meaningful regulatory factors in conjunction with the latest research. Finally, we present opinions on omnidirectional targeting CSCs transcription to eliminate CSCs and address tumor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou HM, Chen DH, Diao WJ, Wu YF, Zhang JG, Zhong L, Jiang ZY, Zhang X, Liu GL, Li Q. Inhibition of RhoGEF/RhoA alleviates regorafenib resistance and cancer stemness via Hippo signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2024; 436:113956. [PMID: 38341081 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are vulnerable to drug resistance. Although drug resistance has been taken much attention to HCC therapy, little is known of regorafenib and regorafenib resistance (RR). This study aimed to determine the drug resistance pattern and the role of RhoA in RR. Two regorafenib-resistant cell lines were constructed based on Huh7 and Hep3B cell lines. In vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to study RhoA expression, the activity of Hippo signaling pathway and cancer stem cell (CSC) traits. The data showed that RhoA was highly expressed, Hippo signaling was hypoactivated and CSC traits were more prominent in RR cells. Inhibiting RhoA could reverse RR, and the alliance of RhoA inhibition and regorafenib synergistically attenuated CSC phenotype. Furthermore, inhibiting LARG/RhoA increased Kibra/NF2 complex formation, prevented YAP from shuttling into the nucleus and repressed CD44 mRNA expression. Clinically, the high expression of RhoA correlated with poor prognosis. LARG, RhoA, YAP1 and CD44 show positive correlation with each other. Thus, inhibition of RhoGEF/RhoA has the potential to reverse RR and repress CSC phenotype in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ming Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Da-Hong Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Wen-Jing Diao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Ya-Fei Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Ji-Gang Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Zhong-Yi Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China; Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center / Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Gao-Lin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China; Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center / Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China; Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center / Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, PR China.
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6
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Nair AS, Jayan AP, Anandu KR, Saiprabha VN, Pappachen LK. Unraveling the prevalence of various signalling pathways in non-small-cell lung cancer: a review. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2875-2890. [PMID: 37014561 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become a huge public health issue all around the world. The focus of research is on innovative cancer therapy techniques that include the disease's unique targets. Among the cancer-related deaths that occur, lung cancer is considered to be one of the major, accounting for about 1.6 million fatalities globally in 2012, or nearly 20% of all cancer deaths. Non-small-cell lung cancer, a type of lung cancer comprises upto 84% of lung cancer cases, demonstrating the need for a more effective treatment. A novel category of cancer management, known as targeted cancer medicines, has risen to prominence in recent years. Targeted cancer treatments, like traditional chemotherapy, employ pharmacological drugs to slow cancer development, enhance cell death, and prevent it from spreading. Targeted treatments, as the name implies, work by interfering with particular proteins implicated in cancer. Numerous research conducted in the last several decades have led to the conclusion that signalling pathways are involved in the growth of lung cancer. All malignant tumours are produced, spread, invade, and behave in various abnormal ways due to abnormal pathways. Numerous significant signalling pathways, including the RTK/RAS/MAP-Kinase pathway (hence often referred to as RTK-RAS for simplicity), PI3K/Akt signalling, and others, have been discovered as commonly genetically changed. The current developments in research on various signalling pathways, as well as the underlying mechanisms of the molecules implicated in these pathways, are innovatively summarised in this review. To give a good sense of the study that has been done so far, many routes are placed together. Thus, this review includes the detailed description regarding each pathways, the mutations formed, and the present treatment strategy to overcome the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aathira Sujathan Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Ajay P Jayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - K R Anandu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - V N Saiprabha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
| | - Leena K Pappachen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
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7
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Thrash HL, Pendergast AM. Multi-Functional Regulation by YAP/TAZ Signaling Networks in Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4701. [PMID: 37835395 PMCID: PMC10572014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway transcriptional co-activators, YES-associated protein (YAP) and Transcriptional Co-Activator with PDZ Binding Motif (TAZ), have both been linked to tumor progression and metastasis. These two proteins possess overlapping and distinct functions, and their activities lead to the expression of genes involved in multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, and migration. The dysregulation of YAP/TAZ-dependent cellular processes can result in altered tumor growth and metastasis. In addition to their well-documented roles in the regulation of cancer cell growth, survival, migration, and invasion, the YAP/TAZ-dependent signaling pathways have been more recently implicated in cellular processes that promote metastasis and therapy resistance in several solid tumor types. This review highlights the role of YAP/TAZ signaling networks in the regulation of tumor cell plasticity mediated by hybrid and reversible epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) states, and the promotion of cancer stem cell/progenitor phenotypes. Mechanistically, YAP and TAZ regulate these cellular processes by targeting transcriptional networks. In this review, we detail recently uncovered mechanisms whereby YAP and TAZ mediate tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance, and discuss new therapeutic strategies to target YAP/TAZ function in various solid tumor types. Understanding the distinct and overlapping roles of YAP and TAZ in multiple cellular processes that promote tumor progression to metastasis is expected to enable the identification of effective therapies to treat solid tumors through the hyper-activation of YAP and TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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8
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Yoo H, Singh A, Li H, Strat AN, Bagué T, Ganapathy PS, Herberg S. Simvastatin Attenuates Glucocorticoid-Induced Human Trabecular Meshwork Cell Dysfunction via YAP/TAZ Inactivation. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:736-749. [PMID: 37083467 PMCID: PMC10524554 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2206067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Impairment of the trabecular meshwork (TM) is the principal cause of increased outflow resistance in the glaucomatous eye. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) are emerging as potential mediators of TM cell/tissue dysfunction. Furthermore, YAP/TAZ activity was recently found to be controlled by the mevalonate pathway in non-ocular cells. Clinically used statins block the mevalonate cascade and were shown to improve TM cell pathobiology; yet, the link to YAP/TAZ signaling was not investigated. In this study, we hypothesized that simvastatin attenuates glucocorticoid-induced human TM (HTM) cell dysfunction via YAP/TAZ inactivation. METHODS Primary HTM cells were seeded atop or encapsulated within bioengineered extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels. Dexamethasone was used to induce a pathologic phenotype in HTM cells in the absence or presence of simvastatin. Changes in YAP/TAZ activity, actin cytoskeletal organization, phospho-myosin light chain levels, hydrogel contraction/stiffness, and fibronectin deposition were assessed. RESULTS Simvastatin potently blocked pathologic YAP/TAZ nuclear localization/activity, actin stress fiber formation, and myosin light chain phosphorylation in HTM cells. Importantly, simvastatin co-treatment significantly attenuated dexamethasone-induced ECM contraction/stiffening and fibronectin mRNA and protein levels. Sequential treatment was similarly effective but did not match clinically-used Rho kinase inhibition. CONCLUSIONS YAP/TAZ inactivation with simvastatin attenuates HTM cell pathobiology in a tissue-mimetic ECM microenvironment. Our data may help explain the association of statin use with a reduced risk of developing glaucoma via indirect YAP/TAZ inhibition as a proposed regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Yoo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Ayushi Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Ana N. Strat
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Tyler Bagué
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Preethi S. Ganapathy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Samuel Herberg
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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9
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Hamrangsekachaee M, Wen K, Bencherif SA, Ebong EE. Atherosclerosis and endothelial mechanotransduction: current knowledge and models for future research. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C488-C504. [PMID: 36440856 PMCID: PMC10069965 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00449.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium health is essential to the regulation of physiological vascular functions. Because of the critical capability of endothelial cells (ECs) to sense and transduce chemical and mechanical signals in the local vascular environment, their dysfunction is associated with a vast variety of vascular diseases and injuries, especially atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular diseases. This review describes the mechanotransduction events that are mediated through ECs, the EC subcellular components involved, and the pathways reported to be potentially involved. Up-to-date research efforts involving in vivo animal models and in vitro biomimetic models are also discussed, including their advantages and drawbacks, with recommendations on future modeling approaches to aid the development of novel therapies targeting atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Wen
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sidi A Bencherif
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Laboratoire de BioMécanique et BioIngénierie, UMR CNRS 7388, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie of Compiègne, Compiègne, France
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Eno E Ebong
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Neuroscience Department, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
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10
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Chernova T, Grosso S, Sun XM, Tenor AR, Cabeza JZ, Craxton A, Self EL, Nakas A, Cain K, MacFarlane M, Willis AE. Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Malignant Mesothelioma Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Induce Pro-Oncogenic Changes in Healthy Mesothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12469. [PMID: 36293328 PMCID: PMC9604431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive tumour of the pleura (MPM) or peritoneum with a clinical presentation at an advanced stage of the disease. Current therapies only marginally improve survival and there is an urgent need to identify new treatments. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent the main component of a vast stroma within MPM and play an important role in the tumour microenvironment. The influence of CAFs on cancer progression, aggressiveness and metastasis is well understood; however, the role of CAF-derived extracellular vesicles (CAF-EVs) in the promotion of tumour development and invasiveness is underexplored. We purified CAF-EVs from MPM-associated cells and healthy dermal human fibroblasts and examined their effect on cell proliferation and motility. The data show that exposure of healthy mesothelial cells to EVs derived from CAFs, but not from normal dermal human fibroblasts (NDHF) resulted in activating pro-oncogenic signalling pathways and increased proliferation and motility. Consistent with its role in suppressing Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) activation (which in MPM is a result of Hippo pathway inactivation), treatment with Simvastatin ameliorated the pro-oncogenic effects instigated by CAF-EVs by mechanisms involving both a reduction in EV number and changes in EV cargo. Collectively, these data determine the significance of CAF-derived EVs in mesothelioma development and progression and suggest new targets in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Chernova
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Stefano Grosso
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Xiao-Ming Sun
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Angela Rubio Tenor
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | | | - Andrew Craxton
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Emily L. Self
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | | | - Kelvin Cain
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Anne E. Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
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11
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Wang F, Liu Y, Ni F, Jin J, Wu Y, Huang Y, Ye X, Shen X, Ying Y, Chen J, Chen R, Zhang Y, Sun X, Wang S, Xu X, Chen C, Guo J, Zhang D. BNC1 deficiency-triggered ferroptosis through the NF2-YAP pathway induces primary ovarian insufficiency. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5871. [PMID: 36198708 PMCID: PMC9534854 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a clinical syndrome of ovarian dysfunction characterized by premature exhaustion of primordial follicles. POI causes infertility, severe daily life disturbances and long-term health risks. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. We previously identified a Basonuclin 1 (BNC1) mutation from a large Chinese POI pedigree and found that mice with targeted Bnc1 mutation exhibit symptoms of POI. In this study, we found that BNC1 plays key roles in ovarian reserve and maintaining lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis in oocytes during follicle development. Deficiency of BNC1 results in premature follicular activation and excessive follicular atresia. Mechanistically, BNC1 deficiency triggers oocyte ferroptosis via the NF2-YAP pathway. We demonstrated that pharmacologic inhibition of YAP signaling or ferroptosis significantly rescues Bnc1 mutation-induced POI. These findings uncover a pathologic mechanism of POI based on BNC1 deficiency and suggest YAP and ferroptosis inhibitors as potential therapeutic targets for POI. Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a clinical syndrome of ovarian dysfunction that results in infertility. Here they show that BCN1 mutation results in premature ovarian follicle activation and atresia through dysregulation of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Feida Ni
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Jiani Jin
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Yiqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Xiaohang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Xilin Shen
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310027, PR China
| | - Yue Ying
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Yanye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Siwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Jiansheng Guo
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310006, China. .,Clinical Research Center on Birth Defect Prevention and Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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12
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Hagiyama M, Mimae T, Wada A, Takeuchi F, Yoneshige A, Inoue T, Kotoku N, Hamada H, Sekido Y, Okada M, Ito A. Possible Therapeutic Utility of anti-Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Antibodies for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:945007. [PMID: 35903548 PMCID: PMC9315061 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.945007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor, and the effective therapeutic drugs are limited. Thus, the establishment of novel therapeutic method is desired. Considerable proportion of MPMs are shown to express cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), and to use CADM1 to bind to and proliferate on the pleural mesothelial surface, suggesting that CADM1 is a possible therapeutic target. Here, anti-CADM1 ectodomain chicken monoclonal antibodies, 3E1 and 9D2, were examined for their possible therapeutic utility. The full-length form of CADM1 was expressed in eight out of twelve human MPM cell lines. MPM cell lines were cultured on a confluent monolayer of mesothelial MeT-5A cells in the presence of 9D2, the neutralizing antibody. 9D2 suppressed the cell growth of CADM1-positive MPM cells with the loss and aggregation of CADM1 molecules on the MPM cell membrane, but not of CADM1-negative MPM cells. Co-addition of 3E1, lacking the neutralizing action, enhanced the growth-suppressive effect of 9D2. The two antibodies were tested as drug delivery vectors. 3E1 was converted into a humanized antibody (h3E1) and conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), a tubulin polymerization inhibitor. When the resulting h3E1–MMAE antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) was added to the standard cultures of CADM1-positive MPM cells, it suppressed the cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Co-addition of 9D2 enhanced the growth-suppressive effect of h3E1–MMAE ADC. Anti-CADM1 ectodomain antibodies were suggested to serve as both antibody drugs and drug vectors in the treatment of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hagiyama
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mimae
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Wada
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuka Takeuchi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Azusa Yoneshige
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kotoku
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Morihito Okada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Akihiko Ito,
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13
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Wang HY, Yu P, Chen XS, Wei H, Cao SJ, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Tao YG, Cao DS, Qiu F, Cheng Y. Identification of HMGCR as the anticancer target of physapubenolide against melanoma cells by in silico target prediction. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1594-1604. [PMID: 34588618 PMCID: PMC9160031 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physapubenolide (PB), a withanolide-type compound extracted from the traditional herb Physalis minima L., has been demonstrated to exert remarkable cytotoxicity against cancer cells; however, its molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that PB inhibited cell proliferation and migration in melanoma cells by inducing cell apoptosis. The anticancer activity of PB was further verified in a melanoma xenograft model. To explore the mechanism underlying the anticancer effects of PB, we carried out an in silico target prediction study, which combined three approaches (chemical similarity searching, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), and molecular docking) to identify the targets of PB, and found that PB likely targets 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, which promotes cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. We further demonstrated that PB interacted with HMGCR, decreased its protein expression and inhibited the HMGCR/YAP pathway in melanoma cells. In addition, we found that PB could restore vemurafenib sensitivity in vemurafenib-resistant A-375 cells, which was correlated with the downregulation of HMGCR. In conclusion, we demonstrate that PB elicits anticancer action and enhances sensitivity to vemurafenib by targeting HMGCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-yan Wang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Pian Yu
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Xi-sha Chen
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China ,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, 410011 China
| | - Hui Wei
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
| | - Shi-jie Cao
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 China
| | - Meng Zhang
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031 China
| | - Yong-guang Tao
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164NHC Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Dong-sheng Cao
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
| | - Feng Qiu
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 China
| | - Yan Cheng
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 China ,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, 410011 China
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14
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Beyond Lipid-Lowering: Effects of Statins on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases and Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020151. [PMID: 35215263 PMCID: PMC8877351 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, also known as statins, are administered as first-line therapy for hypercholesterolemia, both as primary and secondary prevention. Besides the lipid-lowering effect, statins have been suggested to inhibit the development of cardiovascular disease through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, vascular endothelial function-improving, plaque-stabilizing, and platelet aggregation-inhibiting effects. The preventive effect of statins on atherothrombotic stroke has been well established, but statins can influence other cerebrovascular diseases. This suggests that statins have many neuroprotective effects in addition to lowering cholesterol. Furthermore, research suggests that statins cause pro-apoptotic, growth-inhibitory, and pro-differentiation effects in various malignancies. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that statins inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis in specific cancer cell types. The pleiotropic effects of statins on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have been well established; however, the effects of statins on cancer patients have not been fully elucidated and are still controversial. This review discusses the recent evidence on the effects of statins on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. Additionally, this study describes the pharmacological action of statins, focusing on the aspect of ‘beyond lipid-lowering’.
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15
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Okazaki Y. Asbestos‐induced mesothelial injury and carcinogenesis: Involvement of iron and reactive oxygen species. Pathol Int 2021; 72:83-95. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Showa‐Ku Nagoya Japan
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16
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Li HL, Li QY, Jin MJ, Lu CF, Mu ZY, Xu WY, Song J, Zhang Y, Zhang SY. A review: hippo signaling pathway promotes tumor invasion and metastasis by regulating target gene expression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:1569-1585. [PMID: 33864521 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hippo pathway is widely considered to inhibit cell growth and play an important role in regulating the size of organs. However, recent studies have shown that abnormal regulation of the Hippo pathway can also affect tumor invasion and metastasis. Therefore, finding out how the Hippo pathway promotes tumor development by regulating the expression of target genes provides new ideas for future research on targeted drugs that inhibit tumor progression. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched. RESULTS The search strategy identified 1892 hits and 196 publications were finally included in this review. As the core molecule of the Hippo pathway, YAP/TAZ are usually highly expressed in tumors that undergo invasion and migration and are accompanied by abnormally strong nuclear metastasis. Through its interaction with nuclear transcription factors TEADs, it directly or indirectly regulates and the expressions of target genes related to tumor metastasis and invasion. These target genes can induce the formation of invasive pseudopodia in tumor cells, reduce intercellular adhesion, degrade extracellular matrix (ECM), and cause epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), or indirectly promote through other signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), TGF/Smad, etc, which facilitate the invasion and metastasis of tumors. CONCLUSION This article mainly introduces the research progress of YAP/TAZ which are the core molecules of the Hippo pathway regulating related target genes to promote tumor invasion and metastasis. Focus on the target genes that affect tumor invasion and metastasis, providing the possibility for the selection of clinical drug treatment targets, to provide some help for a more in-depth study of tumor invasion and migration mechanism and the development of clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qian-Yu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Min-Jie Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chao-Fan Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Mu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wei-Yi Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Sai-Yang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,Zhengzhou University, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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17
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Koltai T, Reshkin SJ, Carvalho TMA, Cardone RA. Targeting the Stromal Pro-Tumoral Hyaluronan-CD44 Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3953. [PMID: 33921242 PMCID: PMC8069142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignancies. Present-day treatments have not shown real improvements in reducing the high mortality rate and the short survival of the disease. The average survival is less than 5% after 5 years. New innovative treatments are necessary to curtail the situation. The very dense pancreatic cancer stroma is a barrier that impedes the access of chemotherapeutic drugs and at the same time establishes a pro-proliferative symbiosis with the tumor, thus targeting the stroma has been suggested by many authors. No ideal drug or drug combination for this targeting has been found as yet. With this goal in mind, here we have explored a different complementary treatment based on abundant previous publications on repurposed drugs. The cell surface protein CD44 is the main receptor for hyaluronan binding. Many malignant tumors show over-expression/over-activity of both. This is particularly significant in pancreatic cancer. The independent inhibition of hyaluronan-producing cells, hyaluronan synthesis, and/or CD44 expression, has been found to decrease the tumor cell's proliferation, motility, invasion, and metastatic abilities. Targeting the hyaluronan-CD44 pathway seems to have been bypassed by conventional mainstream oncological practice. There are existing drugs that decrease the activity/expression of hyaluronan and CD44: 4-methylumbelliferone and bromelain respectively. Some drugs inhibit hyaluronan-producing cells such as pirfenidone. The association of these three drugs has never been tested either in the laboratory or in the clinical setting. We present a hypothesis, sustained by hard experimental evidence, suggesting that the simultaneous use of these nontoxic drugs can achieve synergistic or added effects in reducing invasion and metastatic potential, in PDAC. A non-toxic, low-cost scheme for inhibiting this pathway may offer an additional weapon for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Tiago M. A. Carvalho
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Rosa A. Cardone
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (R.A.C.)
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18
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Abstract
Metastasis is the most complex and deadly event. Tumor-stromal interface is a place where invasion of tumor cells in the form of single-cell or collective migration occurs, with the latter being less common but more efficient. Initiation of metastasis relies on the tumor cell cross-talking with stromal cells and taking an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in single cells, and a hybrid EMT in collective migratory cells. Stromal cross-talking along with an abnormal leaky vasculature facilitate intravasation of tumor cells, here the cells are called circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Tumor cells isolated from the primary tumor exploit several mechanisms to maintain their survival including rewiring metabolic demands to use sources available within the new environments, avoiding anoikis cell death when cells are detached from extracellular matrix (ECM), adopting flow mechanic by acquiring platelet shielding and immunosuppression by negating the activity of suppressor immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells. CTCs will adhere to the interstituim of the secondary organ/s, within which the newly arrived disseminative tumor cells (DTCs) undergo either dormancy or proliferation. Metastatic outgrowth is under the influence of several factors, such as the activity of macrophages, impaired autophagy and secondary site inflammatory events. Metastasis can be targeted by multiple ways, such as repressing the promoters of pre-metastatic niche (PMN) formation, suppressing environmental contributors, such as hypoxia, oxidative and metabolic stressors, and targeting signaling and cell types that take major contribution to the whole process. These strategies can be used in adjuvant with other therapeutics, such as immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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20
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Yang H, Xu D, Schmid RA, Peng RW. Biomarker-guided targeted and immunotherapies in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920971421. [PMID: 33240401 PMCID: PMC7672749 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920971421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a lethal thoracic malignancy whose incidence is still increasing worldwide. MPM is characterized by frequent inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs), e.g., the homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/2B and various genetic alterations that inactivate BAP1, NF2, LATS1/2, and TP53. The leading cause for the poor prognosis of patients with MPM is the lack of effective treatment options, with conventional chemotherapy being the standard of care in the clinic, which has remained unchanged for almost 20 years. Precision oncology, a burgeoning effort to provide precise cancer treatment tailored to unique molecular changes in individual patients, has made tremendous progress in the last decade in several cancers, but not in MPM. Recent studies indicate a high degree of tumor heterogeneity in MPM and the importance to optimize histological and molecular classifications for improved treatment. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of recent advances in MPM by focusing on new stratifications of tumor subgroups, specific vulnerabilities associated with functional loss of TSGs and other biomarkers, and potential clinical implications. The molecularly based subdivisions not only deepen our understanding of MPM pathobiology, but more importantly, they may raise unprecedented new hopes for personalized treatment of MPM patients with biomarker-guided targeted and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitang Yang
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duo Xu
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralph A. Schmid
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
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21
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Atorvastatin Augments Gemcitabine-Mediated Anti-Cancer Effects by Inhibiting Yes-Associated Protein in Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207588. [PMID: 33066548 PMCID: PMC7589854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is associated with high mortality rates because of its resistance to conventional gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) reportedly exert anti-cancer effects in CCA and lower the risk of CCA; however, the underlying mechanism of these effects remains unclear. The proliferative and oncogenic activities of the transcriptional co-activator Yes-associated protein (YAP) are driven by its association with the TEA domain (TEAD) of transcription factors; thereby, upregulating genes that promote cell growth, inhibit apoptosis, and confer chemoresistance. This study investigated the effects of atorvastatin in combination with gemcitabine on the progression of human CCA associated with YAP oncogenic regulation. Both atorvastatin and gemcitabine concentration-dependently suppressed the proliferation of HuCCT-1 and KKU-M213 human CCA cells. Moreover, both agents induced cellular apoptosis by upregulating the pro-apoptotic marker BAX and downregulating the anti-apoptotic markers MCL1 and BCL2. Atorvastatin also significantly decreased the mRNA expression of the TEAD target genes CTGF, CYR61, ANKRD1, and MFAP5 in both CCA cell lines. A xenograft tumor growth assay indicated that atorvastatin and gemcitabine potently repressed human CCA cell-derived subcutaneous tumor growth by inhibiting YAP nuclear translocation and TEAD transcriptional activation. Notably, the anti-cancer effects of the individual agents were significantly enhanced in combination. These results indicate that gemcitabine plus atorvastatin could serve as a potential novel treatment option for CCA.
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22
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Mierke CT. Mechanical Cues Affect Migration and Invasion of Cells From Three Different Directions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583226. [PMID: 33043017 PMCID: PMC7527720 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and invasion is a key driving factor for providing essential cellular functions under physiological conditions or the malignant progression of tumors following downward the metastatic cascade. Although there has been plentiful of molecules identified to support the migration and invasion of cells, the mechanical aspects have not yet been explored in a combined and systematic manner. In addition, the cellular environment has been classically and frequently assumed to be homogeneous for reasons of simplicity. However, motility assays have led to various models for migration covering only some aspects and supporting factors that in some cases also include mechanical factors. Instead of specific models, in this review, a more or less holistic model for cell motility in 3D is envisioned covering all these different aspects with a special emphasis on the mechanical cues from a biophysical perspective. After introducing the mechanical aspects of cell migration and invasion and presenting the heterogeneity of extracellular matrices, the three distinct directions of cell motility focusing on the mechanical aspects are presented. These three different directions are as follows: firstly, the commonly used invasion tests using structural and structure-based mechanical environmental signals; secondly, the mechano-invasion assay, in which cells are studied by mechanical forces to migrate and invade; and thirdly, cell mechanics, including cytoskeletal and nuclear mechanics, to influence cell migration and invasion. Since the interaction between the cell and the microenvironment is bi-directional in these assays, these should be accounted in migration and invasion approaches focusing on the mechanical aspects. Beyond this, there is also the interaction between the cytoskeleton of the cell and its other compartments, such as the cell nucleus. In specific, a three-element approach is presented for addressing the effect of mechanics on cell migration and invasion by including the effect of the mechano-phenotype of the cytoskeleton, nucleus and the cell's microenvironment into the analysis. In precise terms, the combination of these three research approaches including experimental techniques seems to be promising for revealing bi-directional impacts of mechanical alterations of the cellular microenvironment on cells and internal mechanical fluctuations or changes of cells on the surroundings. Finally, different approaches are discussed and thereby a model for the broad impact of mechanics on cell migration and invasion is evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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23
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Ma GL, Qiao ZL, He D, Wang J, Kong YY, Xin XY, Wen FQ, Bao SJ, Ma ZR, Wang FS, Xie J, Hu YH. Establishment of a low-tumorigenic MDCK cell line and study of differential molecular networks. Biologicals 2020; 68:112-121. [PMID: 32928630 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by the influenza virus, and vaccination against influenza is considered the best way to prevent the onset and spread. MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cells are typically used to isolate the influenza virus, however, their high tumorigenicity is the main controversy in the production of influenza vaccines. Here, MDCK-C09 and MDCK-C35 monoclonal cell lines were established, which were proven to be low in tumorigenicity. RNA-seq of MDCK-C09, MDCK-C35, and MDCK-W73 cells was performed to investigate the putative tumorigenicity mechanisms. Tumor-related molecular interaction analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicates that hub genes, such as CUL3 and EGFR, may play essential roles in tumorigenicity differences between MDCK-C (MDCK-C09 and MDCK-C35) and MDCK-W (MDCK-W73) cells. Moreover, the analysis of cell proliferation regulation-associated molecular interaction shows that downregulated JUN and MYC, for instance, mediate increased proliferation of these cells. The present study provides a new low-tumorigenic MDCK cell line and describes the potential molecular mechanism for the low tumorigenicity and high proliferation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Lan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China.
| | - Zi-Lin Qiao
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China.
| | - Dan He
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China.
| | - Jiao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan-Yan Kong
- Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao-Yong Xin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China.
| | - Feng-Qin Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China.
| | - Shi-Jun Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China.
| | - Zhong-Ren Ma
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China.
| | - Fu-Shuai Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiang Xie
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yong-Hao Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China.
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24
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Santos DM, Pantano L, Pronzati G, Grasberger P, Probst CK, Black KE, Spinney JJ, Hariri LP, Nichols R, Lin Y, Bieler M, Seither P, Nicklin P, Wyatt D, Tager AM, Medoff BD. Screening for YAP Inhibitors Identifies Statins as Modulators of Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:479-492. [PMID: 31944822 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0296oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disease with limited therapeutic options that is characterized by pathological fibroblast activation and aberrant lung remodeling with scar formation. YAP (Yes-associated protein) is a transcriptional coactivator that mediates mechanical and biochemical signals controlling fibroblast activation. In this study, we developed a high-throughput small-molecule screen for YAP inhibitors in primary human lung fibroblasts. Multiple HMG-CoA (hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase inhibitors (statins) were found to inhibit YAP nuclear localization via induction of YAP phosphorylation, cytoplasmic retention, and degradation. We further show that the mevalonate pathway regulates YAP activation, and that simvastatin treatment reduces fibrosis markers in activated human lung fibroblasts and in the bleomycin mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Finally, we show that simvastatin modulates YAP in vivo in mouse lung fibroblasts. Our results highlight the potential of small-molecule screens for YAP inhibitors and provide a mechanism for the antifibrotic activity of statins in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Pantano
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gina Pronzati
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Lida P Hariri
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Yufei Lin
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - David Wyatt
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
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25
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Nguyen PA, Chang CC, Galvin CJ, Wang YC, An SY, Huang CW, Wang YH, Hsu MH, Li YCJ, Yang HC. Statins use and its impact in EGFR-TKIs resistance to prolong the survival of lung cancer patients: A Cancer registry cohort study in Taiwan. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2965-2973. [PMID: 32441434 PMCID: PMC7419042 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins have been shown to be a beneficial treatment as chemotherapy and target therapy for lung cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of statins in combination with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for the resistance and mortality of lung cancer patients. A population-based cohort study was conducted using the Taiwan Cancer Registry database. From January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2012, in total 792 non-statins and 41 statins users who had undergone EGFR-TKIs treatment were included in this study. All patients were monitored until the event of death or when changed to another therapy. Kaplan-Meier estimators and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate overall survival. We found that the mortality was significantly lower in patients in the statins group compared with patients in the non-statins group (4-y cumulative mortality, 77.3%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 36.6%-81.4% vs. 85.5%; 95% CI, 78.5%-98%; P = .004). Statin use was associated with a reduced risk of death in patients the group who had tumor sizes <3 cm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.51, 95% CI, 0.29-0.89) and for patients in the group who had CCI scores <3 (HR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.41-0.88; P = .009). In our study, statins were found to be associated with prolonged survival time in patients with lung cancer who were treated with EGFR-TKIs and played a synergistic anticancer role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phung-Anh Nguyen
- International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cooper J Galvin
- Biophysics Program, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yao-Chin Wang
- Department of Emergency, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Soo Yeon An
- Department of Cardiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chih-Wei Huang
- International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Jack Li
- International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Chia Yang
- International Center for Health Information Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Abbott DM, Bortolotto C, Benvenuti S, Lancia A, Filippi AR, Stella GM. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Genetic and Microenviromental Heterogeneity as an Unexpected Reading Frame and Therapeutic Challenge. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051186. [PMID: 32392897 PMCID: PMC7281319 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a malignancy of serosal membranes including the peritoneum, pleura, pericardium and the tunica vaginalis of the testes. Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare disease with a global incidence in countries like Italy of about 1.15 per 100,000 inhabitants. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is the most common form of mesothelioma, accounting for approximately 80% of disease. Although rare in the global population, mesothelioma is linked to industrial pollutants and mineral fiber exposure, with approximately 80% of cases linked to asbestos. Due to the persistent asbestos exposure in many countries, a worldwide progressive increase in MPM incidence is expected for the current and coming years. The tumor grows in a loco-regional pattern, spreading from the parietal to the visceral pleura and invading the surrounding structures that induce the clinical picture of pleural effusion, pain and dyspnea. Distant spreading and metastasis are rarely observed, and most patients die from the burden of the primary tumor. Currently, there are no effective treatments for MPM, and the prognosis is invariably poor. Some studies average the prognosis to be roughly one-year after diagnosis. The uniquely poor mutational landscape which characterizes MPM appears to derive from a selective pressure operated by the environment; thus, inflammation and immune response emerge as key players in driving MPM progression and represent promising therapeutic targets. Here we recapitulate current knowledge on MPM with focus on the emerging network between genetic asset and inflammatory microenvironment which characterize the disease as amenable target for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Michael Abbott
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Chandra Bortolotto
- Unit of Radiology, Department of Intensive Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Silvia Benvenuti
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO—IRCCS—Str. Prov.le 142, km. 3,95—10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy;
| | - Andrea Lancia
- Unit of Radiation Therapy, Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.L.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Andrea Riccardo Filippi
- Unit of Radiation Therapy, Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.L.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Giulia Maria Stella
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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27
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Vališ K, Novák P. Targeting ERK-Hippo Interplay in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093236. [PMID: 32375238 PMCID: PMC7247570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway which allows the transduction of various cellular signals to final effectors and regulation of elementary cellular processes. Deregulation of the MAPK signaling occurs under many pathological conditions including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes and cancers. Targeted inhibition of individual kinases of the MAPK signaling pathway using synthetic compounds represents a promising way to effective anti-cancer therapy. Cross-talk of the MAPK signaling pathway with other proteins and signaling pathways have a crucial impact on clinical outcomes of targeted therapies and plays important role during development of drug resistance in cancers. We discuss cross-talk of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway with other signaling pathways, in particular interplay with the Hippo/MST pathway. We demonstrate the mechanism of cell death induction shared between MAPK/ERK and Hippo/MST signaling pathways and discuss the potential of combination targeting of these pathways in the development of more effective anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Vališ
- Correspondence: (K.V.); (P.N.); Tel.: +420-325873610 (P.N.)
| | - Petr Novák
- Correspondence: (K.V.); (P.N.); Tel.: +420-325873610 (P.N.)
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28
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Garcia G, Paul S, Beshara S, Ramanujan VK, Ramaiah A, Nielsen-Saines K, Li MMH, French SW, Morizono K, Kumar A, Arumugaswami V. Hippo Signaling Pathway Has a Critical Role in Zika Virus Replication and in the Pathogenesis of Neuroinflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:844-861. [PMID: 32035058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a reemerging human pathogen that causes congenital abnormalities, including microcephaly and eye disease. The cellular/molecular basis of ZIKV and host interactions inducing ocular and neuronal pathogenesis are unclear. Herein, we noted that the Hippo/Salvador-Warts-Hippo signaling pathway, which controls organ size through progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, is dysregulated after ZIKV infection. In human fetal retinal pigment epithelial cells, there is an early induction of transcriptional coactivator, Yes-associated protein (YAP), which is later degraded with a corresponding activation of the TANK binding kinase 1/interferon regulatory factor 3 type I interferon pathway. YAP/transcriptional co-activator with a PDZ-binding domain (TAZ) silencing results in reduced ZIKV replication, indicating a direct role of Hippo pathway in regulating ZIKV infection. Using an in vivo Ifnar1-/- knockout mouse model, ZIKV infection was found to reduce YAP/TAZ protein levels while increasing phosphorylated YAP Ser127 in the retina and brain. Hippo pathway is activated in major cellular components of the blood-brain barrier, including endothelial cells and astrocytes. In addition, this result suggests AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway's role in regulating YAP/TAZ in ZIKV-infected cells. These data demonstrate that ZIKV infection might initiate a cross talk among AMP-activated protein kinase-Hippo-TBK1 pathways, which could regulate antiviral and energy stress responses during oculoneuronal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sayan Paul
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Sara Beshara
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Arunachalam Ramaiah
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Melody M H Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kouki Morizono
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
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29
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Dent P, Booth L, Poklepovic A, Martinez J, Hoff DV, Hancock JF. Neratinib degrades MST4 via autophagy that reduces membrane stiffness and is essential for the inactivation of PI3K, ERK1/2, and YAP/TAZ signaling. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7889-7899. [PMID: 31912905 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The irreversible ERBB1/2/4 inhibitor neratinib causes plasma membrane-associated K-RAS to mislocalize into intracellular vesicles liminal to the plasma membrane; this effect is enhanced by HDAC inhibitors and is now a Phase I trial (NCT03919292). The combination of neratinib and HDAC inhibitors killed pancreatic cancer and lymphoma T cells. Neratinib plus HDAC inhibitor exposure was as efficacious as (paclitaxel+gemcitabine) at killing pancreatic cancer cells. Neratinib reduced the phosphorylation of PAK1, Merlin, LATS1/2, AKT, mTOR, p70 S6K, and ERK1/2 which required expression of Rubicon, Beclin1, and Merlin. Neratinib altered pancreatic tumor cell morphology which was associated with MST4 degradation reduced Ezrin phosphorylation and enhanced phosphorylation of MAP4K4 and LATS1/2. Knockdown of the MAP4K4 activator and sensor of membrane rigidity RAP2A reduced basal LATS1/2 and YAP phosphorylation but did not prevent neratinib from stimulating LATS1/2 or YAP phosphorylation. Beclin1 knockdown prevented MST4 degradation, Ezrin dephosphorylation and neratinib-induced alterations in tumor cell morphology. Our findings demonstrate that neratinib enhances LATS1/2 phosphorylation independently of RAP2A/MAP4K4 and that MST4 degradation and Ezrin dephosphorylation may represent a universal trigger for the biological actions of neratinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dent
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Laurence Booth
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Jennifer Martinez
- Inflammation & Autoimmunity Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Daniel Von Hoff
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGEN), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - John F Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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30
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YAP Inhibition by Nuciferine via AMPK-Mediated Downregulation of HMGCR Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Gemcitabine. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100620. [PMID: 31627466 PMCID: PMC6843496 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuciferine, a major aporphine alkaloid constituent of lotus leaves, is a raw material for obesity treatment. Extensive studies have revealed that obesity is associated with pancreatic cancer (PC). However, it has not been clarified whether nuciferine could be used in PC treatment or prevention. Here, we show that nuciferine could enhance the sensitivity of PC cells to gemcitabine in both cultured cells and the xenograft mouse model. The mechanism study demonstrated that nuciferine induced YAP Ser127 phosphorylation [pYAP(Ser127)] through AMPK-mediated 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coA reductase (HMGCR) downregulation. Remarkably, wild-type YAP overexpression or YAP Ser127 mutant could resist to nuciferine and no longer sensitize PC cells to gemcitabine. Knockdown of AMPK attenuated pYAP(Ser127) induced by nuciferine. Moreover, knockdown of AMPK reversed nuciferine-mediated HMGCR downregulation. Notably, HMGCR inhibiting could restrain YAP by phosphorylation Ser 127, and therefore enhance the efficiency of gemcitabine in PC cells. In line with this consistent, overexpression of HMGCR reduced growth inhibition caused by nuciferine and/or gemcitabine treatment in PC cells. In summary, these results provide an effective supplementary agent and suggest a therapeutic strategy to reduce gemcitabine resistance in PC.
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31
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Conboy CB, Vélez-Reyes GL, Tschida BR, Hu H, Kaufmann G, Koes N, Keller B, Alsinet C, Cornellà H, Pinyol R, Abrahante JE, Temiz NA, Linden MA, Amin K, Kuka TP, Keng VW, Llovet JM, Starr TK, Largaespada DA. R-spondin 2 Drives Liver Tumor Development in a Yes-Associated Protein-Dependent Manner. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:1496-1509. [PMID: 31701073 PMCID: PMC6824083 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year, more than 25,000 people succumb to liver cancer in the United States, and this neoplasm represents the second cause of cancer-related death globally. R-spondins (RSPOs) are secreted regulators of Wnt signaling that function in development and promote tissue stem cell renewal. In cancer, RSPOs 2 and 3 are oncogenes first identified by insertional mutagenesis screens in tumors induced by mouse mammary tumor virus and by transposon mutagenesis in the colonic epithelium of rodents. RSPO2 has been reported to be activated by chromosomal rearrangements in colorectal cancer and overexpressed in a subset of hepatocellular carcinoma. Using human liver tumor gene expression data, we first discovered that a subset of liver cancers were characterized by high levels of RSPO2 in contrast to low levels in adjacent nontumor tissue. To determine if RSPOs are capable of inducing liver tumors, we used an in vivo model from which we found that overexpression of RSPO2 in the liver promoted Wnt signaling, hepatomegaly, and enhanced liver tumor formation when combined with loss of transformation-related protein 53 (Trp53). Moreover, the Hippo/yes-associated protein (Yap) pathway has been implicated in many human cancers, influencing cell survival. Histologic and gene expression studies showed activation of Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo/Yap pathways following RSPO2 overexpression. We demonstrate that knockdown of Yap1 leads to reduced tumor penetrance following RSPO2 overexpression in the context of loss of Trp53. Conclusion: RSPO2 overexpression leads to tumor formation in the mouse liver in a Hippo/Yap-dependent manner. Overall, our results suggest a role for Yap in the initiation and progression of liver tumors and uncover a novel pathway activated in RSPO2-induced malignancies. We show that RSPO2 promotes liver tumor formation in vivo and in vitro and that RSPO2's oncogenic activity requires Hippo/Yap activation in hepatocytes. Both RSPO2 and YAP1 are suggested to represent novel druggable targets in Wnt-driven tumors of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hsiangyu Hu
- Masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | | | - Nicholas Koes
- Masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - Bryant Keller
- Masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - Clara Alsinet
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory Liver Unit, L'Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-Hospital Clinic of Barcelona University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Helena Cornellà
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory Liver Unit, L'Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-Hospital Clinic of Barcelona University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Roser Pinyol
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory Liver Unit, L'Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-Hospital Clinic of Barcelona University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Nuri A Temiz
- Masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - Michael A Linden
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource University of Minnesota St. Paul MN.,Department of Medicine Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - Khalid Amin
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource University of Minnesota St. Paul MN.,Department of Medicine Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - Timothy P Kuka
- Masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - Vincent W Keng
- Masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory Liver Unit, L'Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-Hospital Clinic of Barcelona University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain.,Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program Division of Liver Diseases Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies Barcelona Spain
| | - Timothy K Starr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
| | - David A Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN.,Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN
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32
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Yao Q, Yang J, Liu T, Zhang J, Zheng Y. Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 promotes the stemness of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by enhancing YAP transcriptional activity. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1392-1402. [PMID: 31116509 PMCID: PMC6668371 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor promoting roles of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MALAT1 have been revealed in various cancers; however, its roles in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not previously been disclosed. In this study, we found that MALAT1 expression was remarkably increased in ESCC cells compared to normal human esophageal epithelial cells. In addition, knockdown of MALAT1 attenuated the stemness of ESCC cells, as evidenced by a decrease in spheroid formation capacity, stemness marker expression and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 activity. Moreover, MALAT1 knockdown decreased the migration ability of ESCC cells. Notably, knockdown of MALAT1 enhanced the radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity of ESCC cells. We also established that MALAT1 binds directly to Yes-associated protein (YAP), thereby enhancing YAP protein expression and increasing YAP transcriptional activity. Overexpression of YAP partially rescued the effect of MALAT1 knockdown on stemness and radiosensitivity of ESCC cells. Overall, this study has identified that a novel MALAT1-YAP axis promotes the stemness of ESCC cells, and thus could be a potential target for treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yao
- Department of Geriatric MedicineNingbo First HospitalChina
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Geriatric MedicineNingbo First HospitalChina
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Geriatric MedicineNingbo First HospitalChina
| | | | - Yibo Zheng
- Department of Geriatric MedicineNingbo First HospitalChina
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33
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Vahdat S, Bakhshandeh B. Prediction of putative small molecules for manipulation of enriched signalling pathways in hESC-derived early cardiovascular progenitors by bioinformatics analysis. IET Syst Biol 2019; 13:77-83. [PMID: 33444476 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2018.5037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) are considered as powerful tools for cardiac regenerative medicine and developmental study. Mesoderm posterior1+ (MESP1+ ) cells are identified as the earliest CPCs from which almost all cardiac cell types are generated. Molecular insights to the transcriptional regulatory factors of early CPCs are required to control cell fate decisions. Herein, the microarray data set of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-derived MESP1+ cells was analysed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in comparison to undifferentiated hESCs and MESP1-negative cells. Then, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs were carried out with the subsequent prediction of putative regulatory small molecules for modulation of CPC fate. Some key signalling cascades of cardiogenesis including Hippo, Wnt, transforming growth factor-β, and PI3K/Akt were highlighted in MESP1+ cells. The transcriptional regulatory network of MESP1+ cells were visualised through interaction networks of DEGs. Additionally, 35 promising chemicals were predicted based on correlations with gene expression signature of MESP1+ cells for effective in vitro CPC manipulation. Studying the transcriptional profile of MESP1+ cells resulted into the identification of important signalling pathways and chemicals which could be introduced as powerful tools to manage proliferation and differentiation of hESC-derived CPCs more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Vahdat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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CD44 Promotes Migration and Invasion of Docetaxel-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells Likely via Induction of Hippo-Yap Signaling. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040295. [PMID: 30935014 PMCID: PMC6523775 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients receiving docetaxel developed a drug resistance within a few months. We generated docetaxel-resistant PC/DX25 and DU/DX50 CRPC cells from PC-3 and DU-145 PCa cells, respectively. We investigated the mechanism behind why PC/DX25 and DU/DX50 cells exhibited higher migration and invasion ability. Transwell assays were used to measure the migration and invasion of PCa cell. Fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis was used to determine the population of cancer stem cell (CSC)-like cell. Micro-Western Array (MWA) was used to study the changes of the protein profile. FACS analysis revealed that PC/DX25 cells and DU/DX50 cells contain higher CD44+ population. MWA and Western blotting assay revealed that protein expression of CD44, YAP, CYR61, CTGF, phospho-ERK1/2 T202/Y204, ERK and vimentin was elevated in PC/DX25 cells. Knockdown of CD44 or YAP suppressed migration and invasion of PC/DX25 and DU/DX50 cells. Knockdown of CD44 decreased expression of YAP, CTGF and CYR61 but increased phosphorylation of S127 on YAP. CD44 knockdown also suppressed protein level of AKT, phospho-AKT T308, phospho-ERK1/2 T202/Y204 and vimentin. CD44 promotes migration and invasion of docetaxel-resistant PCa cells probably via induction of Hippo-Yap signaling pathway and CD44/YAP pathway may be a therapeutic target for docetaxel-resistant PCa.
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Effects of Simvastatin on the Viability and Secretion of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor of Cell Spheroids Cultured in Growth Media. IMPLANT DENT 2019; 27:480-487. [PMID: 29846274 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluates the effects of simvastatin on the morphology, viability, secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and expression of stemness markers and messenger RNA of cell spheroids cultured in growth media. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three-dimensional cell spheroids with stem cells and osteoblast-like cells were fabricated using concave, silicon, elastomer-based microwells in the presence of simvastatin at concentrations of 1 and 10 μM. Qualitative cellular viability was determined with a confocal microscope, and quantitative cellular viability was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The expression of stem cell surface markers was tested, and a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate the expression of collagen I and Runx2. RESULTS The cell spheroids were well formed in the microwells, but the addition of simvastatin produced significant changes in the morphology of spheroids. No significant changes in cellular viability were noted with the addition of simvastatin on day 1, but the addition of simvastatin significantly decreased cellular viability on day 5. The addition of simvastatin significantly increased the secretion of VEGF. The expression of the CD90 surface marker was seen regardless of whether simvastatin was added. The addition of simvastatin significantly decreased the expression of collagen I. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, the application of simvastatin clearly decreased the cellular viability of the cell spheroids made with stem cells and osteoblast-like cells but increased the secretion of VEGF by the cell spheroids.
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An Y, Zhang Q, Li X, Wang Z, Li Y, Tang X. Upregulated microRNA miR-21 promotes the progression of lung adenocarcinoma through inhibition of KIBRA and the Hippo signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1845-1855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Wang L, Zhang Z, Yu X, Huang X, Liu Z, Chai Y, Yang L, Wang Q, Li M, Zhao J, Hou J, Li F. Unbalanced YAP-SOX9 circuit drives stemness and malignant progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2018; 38:2042-2055. [PMID: 30401982 PMCID: PMC6756096 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been identified as a key regulator of tissue homeostasis. However, the precise role and regulatory mechanism of YAP in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Here we report that the genetic or pharmacological inhibition of YAP repressed cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties, including tumorsphere-forming potential, cell motility, and chemoresistance in vitro, and was sufficient to attenuate tumor growth and CSC marker expression in ESCC xenografts. Mechanistically, YAP transcriptionally activated its downstream target SOX9 via TEAD1-mediated binding. We also observed a positive correlation between YAP signaling and SOX9 expression in two independent clinical cohorts. Intriguingly, YAP-targeting microRNAs, including miR-506-3p, which were induced by SOX9, post-transcriptionally repressed YAP expression, contributing to a negative feedback mechanism. Dual inhibition of YAP and SOX9 robustly suppressed malignant phenotypes. Notably, ESCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset had frequent (44%) instances of YAP gene amplification and genetic inactivation of Hippo pathway regulators. Nuclear YAP expression was elevated in 197 ESCC tissues from a Chinese cohort. Together, our findings provide evidence that genetic hyperactivation of YAP unbalances the YAP–SOX9 feedback loop and confers CSC-like features in ESCC, suggesting that this YAP–SOX9 circuit represents a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.,Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.,Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Chai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China. .,Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Ahmadi Y, Karimian R, Panahi Y. Effects of statins on the chemoresistance-The antagonistic drug-drug interactions versus the anti-cancer effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1856-1865. [PMID: 30372891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been growing interest in the potential anti-cancer activity of statins based on evidence of their anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and radiosensitizing properties, but no studies have focused on the effects of statins on the chemoresistance. In spite of their direct cytostatic/cytotoxic effects on the cancer cells, statins via drug interactions may affect therapeutic effects of the chemotherapy agents and so cause chemoresistance in cancer cells. Here, we aim to present the molecular mechanisms underlying cytotoxic effects of statins on the cancer cells against those mechanisms by which statins may lead to chemoresistance, in order to clarify whether the positive effects of the co-treatment of statins on the efficiency of chemotherapeutic agents is due to the natural anti-cancer effects of statins or it is due to increasing the cellular concentrations of chemotherapy drugs in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Ahmadi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems biology and poisonings institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Karimian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems biology and poisonings institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems biology and poisonings institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhou TY, Zhou YL, Qian MJ, Fang YZ, Ye S, Xin WX, Yang XC, Wu HH. Interleukin-6 induced by YAP in hepatocellular carcinoma cells recruits tumor-associated macrophages. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 138:89-95. [PMID: 30340922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has been regarded as the most prominent component in tumor microenvironment. The correlation between TAM density and poor prognosis in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients suggests a supportive role for TAMs in tumor progression. Here we employed a co-culture system to interrogate the molecular link between Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) and TAMs chemotaxis in HCC cells. We found that YAP activation was critical for the recruitment of TAMs towards HCC cells. Furthermore, cytokine array and quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that IL-6 secreted by YAP-activated HCC cells might induce the TAMs recruitment. Interrupting YAP function by statins, the inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase, could robustly suppress the chemotaxis of TAMs. Together with our findings that the expression levels ofIL-6inhumanHCC tumors were highly correlated with the prognosis of HCC patients, the current study highlight the possibility of improving HCC treatment by targeting YAP-IL-6 mediated TAMs recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Zhou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu-Lu Zhou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mei-Jia Qian
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi-Zheng Fang
- Hangzhou No. 14 Middle School, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Song Ye
- Clinical of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Xin
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hong-Hai Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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The hippo pathway provides novel insights into lung cancer and mesothelioma treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:2097-2106. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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41
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Differential regulation of the sphere formation and maintenance of cancer-initiating cells of malignant mesothelioma via CD44 and ALK4 signaling pathways. Oncogene 2018; 37:6357-6367. [PMID: 30061637 PMCID: PMC6283855 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) has a poor prognosis and is largely resistant to standard treatments, so it is important to seek novel therapeutic strategies for this disease. Cancer-initiating cells (CICs) were previously identified in MM using stem cell-associated markers in combination with spheroid cultures. However, the mechanisms underlying the induction and maintenance of CICs in MM remain to be fully explored. Here we showed that the CICs, which had high aldehyde dehydrogenase levels (ALDHbright) and stem cell-associated genes, were expanded in MM cells cultured under sphere-forming conditions. The MM spheroids also initiated tumors in immunodeficient mice more efficiently than did conventional adherent MM cells. In the MM spheroids, the expression of hyaluronan (HA) synthases was upregulated. Inhibiting the HA synthesis or CD44 functions by gene knockdown or neutralizing antibody abolished the formation of large-sized spheroids and the expansion of ALDHbright CICs. The expression of activin-A was also increased in the spheroids, and type I activin-A receptor subunit (ALK4) was upregulated in the ALDHbright CICs. The neutralization of activin-A or functional inactivation of ALK4 diminished the ALDHbright CICs without affecting spheroid formation. The knockdown of CD44 or ALK4 strongly suppressed the tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. These results together suggest that the HA–CD44 and activin-A–ALK4 pathways differentially regulate the spheroid formation and maintenance of ALDHbright CICs in MM cells, and that both pathways play critical roles in tumor growth in immunodeficient hosts. Our findings provide a novel therapeutic option for MM that targets signaling pathways that promote the CIC compartment through CD44 and ALK4.
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Fan Z, Xia H, Xu H, Ma J, Zhou S, Hou W, Tang Q, Gong Q, Nie Y, Bi F. Standard CD44 modulates YAP1 through a positive feedback loop in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:147-156. [PMID: 29649630 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High expression levels of CD44 and YAP have been identified as poor prognostic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanistic relationship between CD44 and YAP during HCC tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. To investigate the mutual regulation between standard CD44 (CD44S) and YAP1 in HCC cell lines and tissue samples, CD44S and YAP1 expression in 40 pairs of tumor samples and matched distal normal tissues from HCC patients was examined by immunohistochemical staining. High expression of either CD44S or YAP1 was associated with a younger age and worse pathology grade. In addition, high levels of CD44S and YAP1 were associated with increased vascular invasion and more severe liver cirrhosis, respectively. CD44S expression was positively correlated with YAP1 expression in these HCC tissues. In vitro experiments suggested that CD44S could positively regulate the expression of YAP1 and its target genes via the PI3K/Akt pathway in HCC cells. Moreover, CD44S is regulated by the YAP1/TEAD axis. These results reveal a novel positive feedback loop involving CD44S and YAP1, in which CD44S functions as both an upstream regulator and a downstream effector of YAP1 in HCC. This feedback loop might constitute a broadly conserved module for regulating cell proliferation and invasion during HCC tumorigenesis. Blocking this positive feedback loop that involves CD44S and YAP1 might represent a new approach for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, 573003, PR China
| | - Hongwei Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Huanji Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Ji Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Department of Breast Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Wanting Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Qiulin Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digest Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Feng Bi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China.
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Fiorillo M, Peiris-Pagès M, Sanchez-Alvarez R, Bartella L, Di Donna L, Dolce V, Sindona G, Sotgia F, Cappello AR, Lisanti MP. Bergamot natural products eradicate cancer stem cells (CSCs) by targeting mevalonate, Rho-GDI-signalling and mitochondrial metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:984-996. [PMID: 29626418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show that a 2:1 mixture of Brutieridin and Melitidin, termed "BMF", has a statin-like properties, which blocks the action of the rate-limiting enzyme for mevalonate biosynthesis, namely HMGR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA-reductase). Moreover, our results indicate that BMF functionally inhibits several key characteristics of CSCs. More specifically, BMF effectively i) reduced ALDH activity, ii) blocked mammosphere formation and iii) inhibited the activation of CSC-associated signalling pathways (STAT1/3, Notch and Wnt/beta-catenin) targeting Rho-GDI-signalling. In addition, BMF metabolically inhibited mitochondrial respiration (OXPHOS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Importantly, BMF did not show the same toxic side-effects in normal fibroblasts that were observed with statins. Lastly, we show that high expression of the mRNA species encoding HMGR is associated with poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients, providing a potential companion diagnostic for BMF-directed personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fiorillo
- Paterson Institute, University of Manchester, Withington M20 4BX, United Kingdom; Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, United Kingdom; The Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Maria Peiris-Pagès
- Paterson Institute, University of Manchester, Withington M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Sanchez-Alvarez
- Paterson Institute, University of Manchester, Withington M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Bartella
- The Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC) of the University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Leonardo Di Donna
- The Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC) of the University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- The Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sindona
- The Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC) of the University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Paterson Institute, University of Manchester, Withington M20 4BX, United Kingdom; Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, United Kingdom.
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- The Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Paterson Institute, University of Manchester, Withington M20 4BX, United Kingdom; Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, United Kingdom.
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NF2/Merlin Inactivation and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040988. [PMID: 29587439 PMCID: PMC5979333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene encodes merlin, a tumor suppressor protein frequently inactivated in schwannoma, meningioma, and malignant mesothelioma (MM). The sequence of merlin is similar to that of ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins which crosslink actin with the plasma membrane, suggesting that merlin plays a role in transducing extracellular signals to the actin cytoskeleton. Merlin adopts a distinct closed conformation defined by specific intramolecular interactions and regulates diverse cellular events such as transcription, translation, ubiquitination, and miRNA biosynthesis, many of which are mediated through Hippo and mTOR signaling, which are known to be closely involved in cancer development. MM is a very aggressive tumor associated with asbestos exposure, and genetic alterations in NF2 that abrogate merlin’s functional activity are found in about 40% of MMs, indicating the importance of NF2 inactivation in MM development and progression. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of molecular events triggered by NF2/merlin inactivation, which lead to the development of mesothelioma and other cancers, and discuss potential therapeutic targets in merlin-deficient mesotheliomas.
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Targeting the Hippo Pathway Is a New Potential Therapeutic Modality for Malignant Mesothelioma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040090. [PMID: 29565815 PMCID: PMC5923345 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) constitutes a very aggressive tumor that arises from the pleural or peritoneal cavities and is highly refractory to conventional therapies. Several key genetic alterations are associated with the development and progression of MM including mutations of the CDKN2A/ARF, NF2, and BAP1 tumor-suppressor genes. Notably, activating oncogene mutations are very rare; thus, it is difficult to develop effective inhibitors to treat MM. The NF2 gene encodes merlin, a protein that regulates multiple cell-signaling cascades including the Hippo pathway. MMs also exhibit inactivation of Hippo pathway components including LATS1/2, strongly suggesting that merlin-Hippo pathway dysregulation plays a key role in the development and progression of MM. Furthermore, Hippo pathway inactivation has been shown to result in constitutive activation of the YAP1/TAZ transcriptional coactivators, thereby conferring malignant phenotypes to mesothelial cells. Critical YAP1/TAZ target genes, including prooncogenic CCDN1 and CTGF, have also been shown to enhance the malignant phenotypes of MM cells. Together, these data indicate the Hippo pathway as a therapeutic target for the treatment of MM, and support the development of new strategies to effectively target the activation status of YAP1/TAZ as a promising therapeutic modality for this formidable disease.
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Shigeeda W, Shibazaki M, Yasuhira S, Masuda T, Tanita T, Kaneko Y, Sato T, Sekido Y, Maesawa C. Hyaluronic acid enhances cell migration and invasion via the YAP1/TAZ-RHAMM axis in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93729-93740. [PMID: 29212185 PMCID: PMC5706831 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Most malignant mesotheliomas (MPMs) frequently show activated forms of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), which transcriptionally regulates the receptor for hyaluronic acid-mediated motility (RHAMM). As RHAMM is involved in cell migration and invasion in various tumors, we speculated that hyaluronic acid (HA) in pleural fluid might affect the progression of mesothelioma by stimulating cell migration and invasion through RHAMM. The level of RHAMM expression was decreased by YAP1/TAZ knockdown, and conversely increased by forced expression of the active form of YAP1, suggesting that RHAMM was regulated by YAP1/TAZ in MPM cells. Cell migration and invasion were also decreased by YAP1/TAZ or RHAMM knockdown. Notably, HA treatment increased cell motility and invasion, and this was abolished by RHAMM knockdown, suggesting that HA may augment local progression of MPM cells via RHAMM. Furthermore, treatment with fluvastatin, which regulates RHAMM transcription by modulating YAP1/TAZ activity, decreased the motility and invasion of MPM cells. Collectively, these data suggest that HA is an “unfavorable” factor because it promotes malignancy in mesothelioma and that the YAP1/TAZ-RHAMM axis may have potential value as a therapeutic target for inhibition of disease progression in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Shigeeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masahiko Shibazaki
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shinji Yasuhira
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Masuda
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Tanita
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yuka Kaneko
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Sato
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chihaya Maesawa
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
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Cortes-Dericks L, Schmid RA. CD44 and its ligand hyaluronan as potential biomarkers in malignant pleural mesothelioma: evidence and perspectives. Respir Res 2017; 18:58. [PMID: 28403901 PMCID: PMC5389171 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and highly drug resistant tumor arising from the mesothelial surfaces of the lung pleura. The standard method to confirm MPM is the tedious, time-consuming cytological examination of cancer biopsy. Biomarkers that are detectable in pleural effusion or patient serum are reasonable options to provide a faster and noninvasive diagnostic approach. As yet, the current biomarkers for MPM lack specificity and sensitivity to discriminate this neoplasm from other lung tumors. CD44, a multifunctional surface receptor has been implicated in tumor progression in different cancers including MPM. The interaction of CD44 with its ligand, hyaluronan (HA) has demonstrated an important role in modulating cell proliferation and invasiveness in MPM. In particular, the high expression levels of these molecules have shown diagnostic relevance in MPM. This review will summarize the biology and diagnostic implication of CD44 and HA as well as the interaction of both molecules in MPM that will demonstrate their potential as biomarkers. Augmentation of the current markers in MPM may lead to an earlier diagnosis and management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Cortes-Dericks
- Department of Clinical Research, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Ralph Alexander Schmid
- Department of Clinical Research, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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Dialysis encephalopathy: precipitating factors and improvement in prognosis. Clin Nephrol 1981; 13:60. [PMID: 32456660 PMCID: PMC7249421 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to the initiation, recurrence, and metastasis of cancer; however, there are still no drugs targeting CSCs in clinical application. There are several signaling pathways playing critical roles in CSC progression, such as the Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, Hippo, and autophagy signaling pathways. Additionally, targeting the ferroptosis signaling pathway was recently shown to specifically kill CSCs. Therefore, targeting these pathways may suppress CSC progression. The structure of small-molecule drugs shows a good spatial dispersion, and its chemical properties determine its good druggability and pharmacokinetic properties. These characteristics make small-molecule drugs show a great advantage in drug development, which is increasingly popular in the market. Thus, in this review, we will summarize the current researches on the small-molecule compounds suppressing CSC progression, including inhibitors of Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and autophagy pathways, and activators of Hippo and ferroptosis pathways. These small-molecule compounds emphasize CSC importance in tumor progression and propose a new strategy to treat cancer in clinic via targeting CSCs.
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